578:
627:
593:
566:
33:
554:
609:
46:
577:
391:. It is called "naked boys/ladies" because the flowers emerge from the ground long before the leaves appear. Despite the vernacular name of "meadow saffron", this plant is not the source of
626:
1228:
1329:
893:
1176:
695:
1254:
1189:
592:
1437:
1352:
1610:
1600:
1540:
844:
817:
404:
The species is cultivated as an ornamental in temperate areas, in spite of its toxicity. The cultivar 'Nancy
Lindsay' has gained the
1605:
971:
608:
1502:
1215:
1295:
1416:
1259:
1590:
1316:
584:
542:. The corms of meadow saffron contain the highest level of toxins, but all parts of the plant are regarded as poisonous.
511:
1463:
1241:
1111:
1088:
405:
762:
686:
427:
has leaves up to 25 cm (10 in) long. The flowers are solitary, 4–7 cm (2–3 in) across, with six
1450:
869:
45:
1334:
565:
553:
1595:
1580:
1560:
1550:
1545:
1290:
1575:
1570:
1555:
1535:
1357:
1455:
1069:
1585:
1565:
529:
is lethally toxic due to its colchicine content and the leaves have been mistaken by foragers for those of
1031:
459:
1116:
723:
409:
149:
1194:
32:
1507:
1344:
1150:
654:
1401:
783:
1308:
1530:
1489:
1442:
1406:
1142:
173:
40:
1233:
1378:
1124:
1014:
967:
942:
840:
813:
503:
749:
Gajic. 1977. Glasnik prirodnauÄŤkog museja u
Beogradu, Serija B, Bioloake nauke Nauke 32: 8.
1383:
1272:
1004:
994:
932:
977:
Brvar, Miran; Ploj, Tom; Kozelj, Gordana; Mozina, Martin; Noc, Marko; Bunc, Matjaz (2004).
1365:
475:
424:
376:
83:
671:
1429:
1424:
618:
531:
436:
397:
70:
1009:
978:
810:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
1524:
1267:
451:
165:
96:
1494:
384:
116:
1129:
1093:
1080:
1393:
1282:
937:
920:
1468:
1321:
1303:
1202:
1063:
599:
479:
923:[Colchicum poisoning by confusion with wild garlic (Allium ursinum)].
515:
499:
435:
with orange anthers and three white styles. At the time of fertilisation, the
421:
1054:
1163:
388:
126:
1481:
1246:
1018:
946:
1476:
1103:
1048:
463:
106:
1370:
1181:
1137:
539:
467:
455:
392:
1207:
471:
432:
380:
1025:
999:
1220:
1168:
699:
428:
57:
1155:
538:
This plant (and colchicine itself) poses a particular threat to
507:
506:. Colchicine is approved in many countries for the treatment of
491:
1029:
921:"Intoxication au colchique par confusion avec l'ail des ours"
401:– and that plant, too, is sometimes called "autumn crocus".
870:"Colchicum autumnale - Burke Herbarium Image Collection"
514:. Colchicine is also used in plant breeding to produce
458:, with notable populations under the stewardship of the
763:"RHS Plantfinder - Colchicum autumnale 'Nancy Lindsay'"
535:(ramsons or wild garlic), which they vaguely resemble.
387:, unlike the true crocuses, which belong to the family
655:
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species
Plantarum 1: 341,
789:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 22
1038:
919:Rousseau G, Clément J, Fezard JB, Laribi S (2022).
672:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,
462:. It also occurs across mainland Europe from
395:, which is obtained from the saffron crocus,
8:
450:is the only species of its family native to
1026:
808:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
31:
20:
1008:
998:
936:
736:A R Clapham, T G Tutin and E F Warburg,
696:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
831:
829:
647:
549:
186:
966:by Roy Leeds (B.T. Batsford Ltd) 2006
482:. It grows in lowland grassy meadows.
383:, but is a member of the plant family
667:
665:
7:
1345:70f199e1-c766-4056-acad-97360ecd2828
470:, and is reportedly naturalised in
979:"Case report: fatal poisoning with
14:
835:Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.
1456:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:533232-1
625:
607:
591:
576:
564:
552:
44:
894:"Podlesek usoden za dve osebi"
857:New Flora of the British Isles
502:, a useful drug with a narrow
1:
740:, second edition, 1962, p 982
636:, 1898, by Henry Munson Lyman
585:United States Botanic Gardens
375:, is a toxic autumn-blooming
334:Degen & Rech.f. ex Kitan.
938:10.1016/j.revmed.2022.04.022
512:familial Mediterranean fever
290:(Griseb. & Schenk) Nyman
1611:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1601:Flora of the United Kingdom
812:. London: A & C Black.
406:Royal Horticultural Society
1627:
1541:Medicinal plants of Europe
738:Flora of the British Isles
16:Species of flowering plant
784:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
275:Colchicum transsilvanicum
179:
172:
155:
148:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1606:Plants described in 1753
583:Detail of flower at the
443:Distribution and habitat
379:that resembles the true
859:3rd edition 1991, p 855
839:Cork University Press.
837:Webb's An Irish Flora.
460:County Wildlife Trusts
410:Award of Garden Merit
239:Colchicum crociflorum
199:Bulbocodium antumnale
1591:Flora of Switzerland
359:, commonly known as
339:Colchicum rhodopaeum
331:Colchicum drenowskii
295:Colchicum bulgaricum
270:Griseb. & Schenk
267:Colchicum pannonicum
223:Colchicum polyanthon
1407:Colchicum autumnale
1394:Colchicum_autumnale
1070:Colchicum autumnale
1040:Colchicum autumnale
981:Colchicum autumnale
751:Colchicum autumnale
674:Colchicum autumnale
657:Colchicum autumnale
615:Colchicum autumnale
486:Pharmaceutical uses
356:Colchicum autumnale
319:Colchicum doerfleri
311:Colchicum vranjanum
255:Colchicum autumnale
247:Colchicum orientale
159:Colchicum autumnale
25:Colchicum autumnale
874:burkeherbarium.org
634:The Book of Health
602:, (Alsace), France
439:is below ground.
283:Colchicum turcicum
1518:
1517:
1379:Open Tree of Life
1032:Taxon identifiers
504:therapeutic index
352:
351:
343:
335:
327:
315:
314:Adamovic ex Stef.
307:
303:Colchicum borisii
299:
291:
279:
271:
263:
251:
243:
235:
231:Colchicum praecox
227:
219:
218:(Reichard) Georgi
211:
207:Colchicum vernale
203:
195:
191:Colchicum commune
141:C. autumnale
1618:
1596:Flora of Ukraine
1581:Flora of Romania
1561:Flora of Ireland
1551:Flora of Germany
1546:Flora of Croatia
1511:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1322:NBNSYS0000002189
1312:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1027:
1022:
1012:
1002:
951:
950:
940:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
866:
860:
853:
847:
833:
824:
823:
805:
799:
798:
796:
794:
788:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
759:
753:
747:
741:
734:
728:
727:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
704:
698:. Archived from
693:
683:
677:
669:
660:
652:
629:
611:
595:
580:
568:
556:
341:
333:
325:
313:
305:
297:
289:
277:
269:
261:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
215:Colchicum vernum
209:
201:
193:
161:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1576:Flora of Poland
1571:Flora of Latvia
1556:Flora of Greece
1536:Flora of Europe
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1366:Observation.org
1364:
1356:
1351:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1280:MichiganFlora:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1034:
976:
960:
958:Further reading
955:
954:
925:Rev Med Interne
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
900:. April 6, 2018
892:
891:
887:
878:
876:
868:
867:
863:
854:
850:
845:978-185918-4783
834:
827:
820:
807:
806:
802:
792:
790:
786:
782:
781:
777:
767:
765:
761:
760:
756:
748:
744:
735:
731:
722:
721:
717:
708:
706:
702:
691:
685:
684:
680:
670:
663:
653:
649:
644:
637:
630:
621:
612:
603:
596:
587:
581:
572:
569:
560:
557:
548:
524:
488:
476:European Russia
445:
418:
377:flowering plant
348:
185:
184:
168:
163:
157:
144:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1586:Flora of Spain
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1566:Flora of Italy
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1499:
1495:wfo-0000763824
1486:
1473:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1411:
1398:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1349:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1098:
1085:
1075:
1060:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1000:10.1186/cc2427
974:
959:
956:
953:
952:
931:(9): 559–561.
911:
885:
861:
848:
825:
819:978-1408179505
818:
800:
775:
754:
742:
729:
715:
688:BSBI List 2007
678:
661:
646:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
631:
624:
622:
619:Auguste Faguet
613:
606:
604:
597:
590:
588:
582:
575:
573:
570:
563:
561:
558:
551:
547:
544:
532:Allium ursinum
523:
520:
490:The bulb-like
487:
484:
444:
441:
417:
414:
398:Crocus sativus
365:meadow saffron
350:
349:
347:
346:
345:
344:
336:
328:
316:
308:
300:
292:
280:
272:
264:
252:
250:Friv. ex Kunth
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
196:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
170:
169:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1623:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
987:Critical Care
984:
982:
975:
973:
972:0-7134-8962-6
969:
965:
962:
961:
957:
948:
944:
939:
934:
930:
927:(in French).
926:
922:
915:
912:
899:
895:
889:
886:
875:
871:
865:
862:
858:
855:Clive Stace,
852:
849:
846:
842:
838:
832:
830:
826:
821:
815:
811:
804:
801:
785:
779:
776:
764:
758:
755:
752:
746:
743:
739:
733:
730:
725:
719:
716:
705:on 2015-06-26
701:
697:
690:
689:
682:
679:
676:
675:
668:
666:
662:
659:
658:
651:
648:
641:
635:
628:
623:
620:
616:
610:
605:
601:
594:
589:
586:
579:
574:
567:
562:
559:Seed capsules
555:
550:
545:
543:
541:
536:
534:
533:
528:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:Great Britain
449:
442:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
402:
400:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:autumn crocus
358:
357:
340:
337:
332:
329:
324:
320:
317:
312:
309:
304:
301:
296:
293:
288:
284:
281:
276:
273:
268:
265:
260:
256:
253:
248:
245:
240:
237:
232:
229:
224:
221:
216:
213:
208:
205:
200:
197:
192:
189:
188:
187:
183:Synonyms list
178:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
154:
151:
150:Binomial name
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1039:
993:(1): R56–9.
990:
986:
980:
964:Autumn Bulbs
963:
928:
924:
914:
902:. Retrieved
897:
888:
877:. Retrieved
873:
864:
856:
851:
836:
809:
803:
791:. Retrieved
778:
766:. Retrieved
757:
750:
745:
737:
732:
724:"Colchicums"
718:
707:. Retrieved
700:the original
687:
681:
673:
656:
650:
633:
614:
598:In a meadow
537:
530:
526:
525:
496:C. autumnale
495:
489:
448:C. autumnale
447:
446:
419:
403:
396:
385:Colchicaceae
373:naked ladies
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
354:
353:
338:
330:
322:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
282:
274:
266:
259:viridiflorum
258:
254:
246:
238:
230:
222:
214:
206:
202:(L.) Lapeyr.
198:
190:
158:
156:
140:
139:
127:
117:Colchicaceae
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
1304:NatureServe
1203:iNaturalist
1064:Wikispecies
600:Lauterbourg
480:New Zealand
416:Description
84:Angiosperms
1525:Categories
1430:kew-302771
1425:Plant List
879:2023-07-27
793:24 January
768:12 January
709:2014-10-17
642:References
500:colchicine
422:herbaceous
369:naked boys
287:pannonicum
1531:Colchicum
527:Colchicum
518:strains.
516:polyploid
425:perennial
389:Iridaceae
323:orientale
226:Ker Gawl.
135:Species:
128:Colchicum
54:Kingdom:
1482:18401617
1477:Tropicos
1391:PalDat:
1309:2.152811
1234:10204146
1221:533232-1
1101:BioLib:
1049:Wikidata
1019:14975056
947:35597736
904:April 6,
898:24ur.com
522:Toxicity
498:contain
464:Portugal
431:and six
381:crocuses
174:Synonyms
113:Family:
107:Liliales
97:Monocots
1291:MoBotPF
1182:2739622
1156:1086971
1138:Ecocrop
1055:Q152553
546:Gallery
540:felines
468:Ukraine
456:Ireland
433:stamens
393:saffron
326:Kitanov
285:subsp.
123:Genus:
103:Order:
58:Plantae
1508:425921
1438:PLANTS
1384:295700
1342:NZOR:
1296:282050
1273:202977
1208:131586
1117:292155
1094:151514
1081:198396
1078:APDB:
1017:
1010:420069
1007:
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