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skeletons, pronounced by surgeons male and female. The man had a particularly noble forehead; and it was fondly surmised that here were the remains of Mr. and Mrs. Carver. These found a new grave on Burial Hill; but the other relics, with barbaric taste, were placed in the top of the stone canopy over
Forefathers' Rock. In 1879, during some work on the southeast side of the hill, many more bones were unearthed, and some, with questionable taste, were carried away by the spectators in remembrance of their "renowned sires"...
1221:
447:
104:
62:
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765:
1210:
387:. In 1742, the General Court of Plymouth granted a sum of money to the town to erect a battery here. In 1775, the old defense having gone to seed, a new one was built and manned and continued to be kept up during the Revolutionary War. In 1814 still another fort was thrown up here and its commander was placed in charge of companies of soldiers who were billeted in the town.
111:
86:
412:). Meanwhile, Cole's Hill had been acquired by the recently founded Pilgrim Society in 1820. There was once a granite slab on the hill at the foot of Middle Street, describing the discovery of the bones and the location where they had been found. (This slab is now stored at the Town Farm.) An inscription stated:
390:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, various remains were uncovered at Cole's Hill and attributed to the victims of the winter of 1620–21. This seemed to substantiate the earlier oral tradition. Between 1735 and 1883, the remains of at least 11 people were recovered. A summary of these was provided by
273:
Streets. The hill is landscaped with grassy areas, low shrubs, and some trees, and trails wind their way around the hill. A granite staircase rises from Water Street to the summit of the hill. A number of monuments and memorials are on the hill, most of which date to the tercentenary (300-year
378:
1580–1633), a church deacon and the colony's physician. It afterward became the property of James Cole, who arrived in 1633 and kept a tavern on the hill in the 1640s. It is from him that the hill's name derives: "Cole's Hill" first appears in town records in 1698. Older oral tradition, however,
423:
About 1920, the layout of Carver Street at the foot of Middle Street was moved somewhat to the west, which necessitated the purchase and removal of buildings. This was done to permit the erection of the present sarcophagus on the place where some bones had been found, as nearly as it could be
395:
In a storm of 1735 a torrent pouring down Middle Street made a ravine in Cole's Hill and washed many human remains down into the harbor. In 1809 a skull with especially fine teeth was exposed. In 1855 these graves were exposed in laying the public conduit on Cole's Hill. In one grave lay two
482:
417:
On this hill The
Pilgrims who died the first winter were buried. This tablet marks the spot where lies the body of one found Oct. 8, 1883. The body of another found on the 27th of the following month lies 8 feet northwest of the westerly corner of this stone. Erected
311:, and the hill was used in 1620–1621 as a burial ground during their first winter in New England. It is not known whether Cole's Hill was used again as a burying ground between that winter and 1637 when the main town cemetery was established at what is now called
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533:
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settlers buried here in the winter of 1620-21 when 52 out of 102 died. Two stone benches, one placed by the
Pennsylvania Society of New England Women, the other by the Society of the Daughters of Colonial Wars, face seaward.
1141:
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1001:
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1136:
1041:
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determined. At this time the hill was transformed into a public park as part of the preparations for the tercentenary celebration. The existing buildings having been removed from the hill, paths and plantings were added.
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The fact that some of the skeletons were laid out on an east–west axis with heads to the west—a long-standing tradition with
Christian burials—is taken as evidence that these were not
1103:
1288:
1278:
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494:
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528:
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Indian remains. Additionally, the fact that no personal items were buried with the bodies further suggests that they were
European burials. (Photographs of some of the bones,
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78:
332:
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in 1920. It contains skeletal remains accidentally disinterred from the hill in the 18th and 19th centuries, which are believed to be those of
290:
1581–1661), whose support was critical to the
Pilgrims' survival. At the southern end of the hill stands a granite sarcophagus erected by the
103:
340:
558:
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maintained that the first burying ground of the
Pilgrims was here. The hill soon lost its identity as a cemetery. Its commanding view of
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The
Pilgrims built their first houses on Leyden Street rising from the side of Cole's Hill to
61:
615:
279:
384:
380:
488:
Stereoscopic view of Cole's Hill in late 1800s with the
Plymouth Rock canopy to the left
663:
History of the town of
Plymouth, from its first settlement in 1620, to the present time
190:
1252:
658:
634:
History of the Town of Plymouth: With a Sketch of the Origin and Growth of Separatism
476:
Cole's Hill marker, in memory of James Cole (1600-1692), first settler of Cole's Hill
360:
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249:. Owned since 1820 by the preservationist Pilgrim Society, it is now a public park.
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312:
308:
534:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
159:
146:
500:
401:
283:
764:
274:
anniversary) celebration of the Pilgrim landing in 1920. These include a
227:
1274:
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
1284:
National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
616:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Cole's Hill
315:. Among those whose remains may have been interred on Cole's Hill are
553:
688:
241:
in 1620. The hill is located on Carver Street near the foot of
66:
NHL plaque on Cole's Hill with Plymouth Bay in background, 2008
716:
U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
614:
Polly M. Rettig and Charles E. Shedd (December 10, 1974)
269:
in 1620. It is now bounded by Water, North, Carver, and
678:(pg 158 , of the Tercentenary Edition of this work.)
367:. The total burials may have been between 45 and 50.
647:
Pilgrim Memorials and Guide for Visitors to Plymouth
529:
List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
1269:
Buildings and structures in Plymouth, Massachusetts
1171:
1124:
1096:
1070:
974:
958:
912:
886:
865:
858:
772:
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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209:
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183:
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16:Historic cemetery in Massachusetts, United States
1226:National Register of Historic Places portal
700:
8:
1289:1620 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1279:Cemeteries in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
1259:National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
257:Cole's Hill rises steeply from the shore of
1299:Cemeteries established in the 17th century
862:
707:
693:
685:
665:; Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, pg 327.
610:
608:
606:
585:National Historic Landmark summary listing
60:
40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
575:
573:
292:General Society of Mayflower Descendants
587:. National Park Service. Archived from
545:
442:
110:
85:
554:"National Register Information System"
265:, the traditional landing site of the
23:
1294:Burial places of Mayflower passengers
7:
621:Accompanying three photos, from 1974
559:National Register of Historic Places
433:National Register of Historic Places
636:; Massachusetts: J.W. Lewis, pg 76.
519:Funerary art in Puritan New England
452:Cole's Hill from near Plymouth Rock
408:1920, are on display at the nearby
14:
1231:
1219:
1209:
1208:
763:
493:
481:
469:
457:
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370:Cole's Hill was later deeded to
109:
102:
84:
77:
464:Map of early Plymouth home lots
431:in 1960, and was listed on the
49:U.S. National Historic Landmark
632:Davis, William Thomas (1885),
185:
1:
118:Show map of the United States
645:Russell, William S. (1851),
618:, National Park Service and
524:Myles Standish Burial Ground
21:United States historic place
1189:National Historic Landmarks
507:, at the top of Cole's Hill
427:Cole's Hill was declared a
383:made it a natural site for
245:and across the street from
1315:
1184:Cape Cod National Seashore
429:National Historic Landmark
224:National Historic Landmark
1204:
761:
674:Goodwin, John A. (1879),
184:NRHP reference
93:Show map of Massachusetts
71:
59:
55:
46:
37:
30:
26:
1238:United States portal
239:Plymouth, Massachusetts
133:Plymouth, Massachusetts
735:Keeper of the Register
421:
398:
750:National Park Service
730:Contributing property
564:National Park Service
414:
393:
226:containing the first
160:41.95750°N 70.66278°W
676:The Pilgrim Republic
410:Pilgrim Hall Museum
353:Richard Britteridge
210:Designated NHL
165:41.95750; -70.66278
156: /
591:on October 2, 2012
503:statue (1920), by
333:Christopher Martin
1246:
1245:
1167:
1166:
866:Barnstable County
740:Historic district
566:. April 15, 2008.
391:John A. Goodwin:
321:Elizabeth Winslow
217:
216:
197:Significant dates
1306:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
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1212:
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1125:Worcester County
975:Middlesex County
863:
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205:October 15, 1966
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1264:Plymouth Colony
1249:
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1230:
1220:
1218:
1200:
1163:
1120:
1092:
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954:
908:
882:
854:
773:Lists by county
768:
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673:
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385:defensive works
381:Plymouth Harbor
341:William Mullins
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213:October 9, 1960
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131:Carver Street,
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1097:Suffolk County
1094:
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1071:Norfolk County
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959:Hampden County
956:
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887:Bristol County
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755:Property types
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659:Thacher, James
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337:Solomon Powers
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278:statue of the
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859:Lists by city
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582:
581:"Cole's Hill"
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388:
386:
382:
377:
373:
372:Samuel Fuller
368:
366:
365:Thomas Rogers
362:
361:Edward Tilley
358:
354:
350:
349:Degory Priest
346:
345:William White
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Rose Standish
326:
325:Mary Allerton
322:
318:
314:
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293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
263:Plymouth Rock
260:
252:
250:
248:
247:Plymouth Rock
244:
243:Leyden Street
240:
236:
234:
229:
225:
221:
212:
208:
204:
202:Added to NRHP
200:
195:
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182:
178:
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169:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
105:
80:
70:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
29:
25:
19:
1157:southwestern
1152:northwestern
913:Essex County
675:
670:
662:
654:
646:
641:
633:
628:
620:
593:. Retrieved
589:the original
584:
557:
548:
505:Cyrus Dallin
426:
422:
415:
405:
399:
394:
389:
375:
369:
306:
295:
287:
276:Cyrus Dallin
259:Plymouth Bay
256:
232:
230:used by the
219:
218:
18:
1172:Other lists
1132:Southbridge
1012:Marlborough
966:Springfield
899:New Bedford
317:John Carver
313:Burial Hill
309:Burial Hill
253:Description
220:Cole's Hill
163: /
139:Coordinates
32:Cole's Hill
1253:Categories
1062:Winchester
1037:Somerville
997:Framingham
925:Gloucester
894:Fall River
873:Barnstable
780:Barnstable
595:August 10,
540:References
151:70°39′46″W
148:41°57′27″N
1142:Worcester
1078:Brookline
1047:Wakefield
1002:Lexington
987:Cambridge
982:Arlington
845:Worcester
825:Nantucket
820:Middlesex
815:Hampshire
785:Berkshire
501:Massasoit
435:in 1966.
402:Wampanoag
296:Mayflower
284:Massasoit
280:Wampanoag
233:Mayflower
1214:Category
1137:Uxbridge
1114:southern
1109:northern
1042:Stoneham
1032:Sherborn
935:Lawrence
849:northern
835:Plymouth
805:Franklin
661:(1835),
513:See also
267:Pilgrims
235:Pilgrims
228:cemetery
191:66000142
128:Location
1179:Bridges
1147:eastern
1052:Waltham
1027:Reading
1017:Medford
992:Concord
945:Methuen
930:Ipswich
920:Andover
904:Taunton
878:Harwich
840:Suffolk
830:Norfolk
810:Hampden
790:Bristol
439:Gallery
323:, Mrs.
303:History
282:sachem
261:, near
1194:Boston
1104:Boston
1088:Quincy
1083:Milton
1057:Weston
1022:Newton
1007:Lowell
723:Topics
271:Leyden
950:Salem
800:Essex
795:Dukes
418:1884"
406:circa
222:is a
176:Built
940:Lynn
597:2008
363:and
359:and
357:John
179:1620
237:in
186:No.
1255::
605:^
583:.
572:^
562:.
556:.
376:c.
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
319:,
288:c.
851:)
847:(
708:e
701:t
694:v
649:.
599:.
374:(
286:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
