196:). The Company was expressly forbidden to trade in any areas under the control of other countries (for example Britain and the Netherlands) without their permission, and the "privileges" which the Charter gave them amounted to no more than "the common rights of nature and peoples" (as one commentator said) but the riches expected were signalled by the Company agreeing to pay the King about 25,000 silver dollars per voyage. And indeed the Company was successful, making the Directors (of which Campbell was one) very rich indeed. As only Swedes could be Directors of the Company, Campbell applied for naturalisation as a Swede (on 14
22:
310:, examined Campbell's passes, apologised and allowed him to proceed on his journey, under escort, on 9 February. Campbell had kept a diary/account of the voyage, but had destroyed it at the approach of the Dutch, in case they would think he had been spying, and in case they found out any commercially sensitive information. Campbell had studiously declined to provide any information on his cargo. He reconstructed the diary mentally years later, and its manuscript was published in 1996.
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had to defer. There were a number of foreigners aboard the ship, including the Second
Captain, George Kitchin, Mr Baron, Chief Mate and Hindric Bremer, Second Mate, the Chief Carpenter, Mr Brown, Jack, the ship's boy, and Daniel Campbell, James Moir and Gustav Ross, all assistants to Campbell, who
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September 1733, the
Fredericus RS was once more in Gotheburg, eighteen months after it had departed. Campbell immediately set out a catalogue of complaints against the Dutch. A first dividend of 25% was declared for the shareholders of the voyage, followed by a second dividend of 50%. A very
577:. Acta Regiae Societatis scientiarum et litterarum Gothoburgensis. Humaniora, 0072-4823; 37. Gothenburg: Royal Society of Arts and Sciences (Kungl. Vetenskaps- och vitterhets-samhället).
152:
In
Gothenburg, he entered into partnership with wealthy and well-connected Swedes. Henric König (1686–1736) was an import/export broker from Stockholm, from a family of German
156:
merchants, though now resident in Sweden. His brother, Christian (1678–1762) was secretary to the
Chancellery Cabinet and through him Henric had contact with the King
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by seven Dutch ships, whose officers refused to recognise the passes, evacuated the ship, put aboard a contingent of Dutch soldiers and ordered it to sail to
266:. In fact, the vast bulk of the Company's subsequent voyages went to Canton and only once or twice even approached the modern East Indies. She went by way of
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In 1723, he lost a great deal of money and was left burdened in debt following the spectacular investments and subsequent financial collapse known as the
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and other Asian princes – all issued in Dutch, in case they were stopped by that navy, which indeed they were. He never made contact with the
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Over 20 subsequent voyages took place over the next 15 years, and
Campbell grew rich, before paying off all his debts and dying in 1757.
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was the First
Supercargo. The Second, Third and Fourth Supercargos were Mr Graham (also called Brown), Charles Morford and John Pike.
168:, and who had already been involved in a possible Swedish West India project. Campbell approached Sahlgren who invited him to Sweden.
132:, accompanying ships and managing sales. The Austrian scheme was not a success, largely because of British opposition, so he moved to
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February 1732. Colin
Campbell was supercargo – carrying all the authority of the Company – to whom the First Captain,
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A passage to China: Colin
Campbell's diary of the first Swedish East India Company expedition to Canton, 1732-33
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June 1731), and was raised to the nobility, with a coat of arms recalling his
Campbell ancestry and a motto of "
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112:. He vowed to repay all his debts, and did so before he died, but meanwhile had to flee from his debtors to
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The first voyage of the
Company was that of the Fredericus Rex Sueciae, which set sail from Gotheburg on 9
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Colin Campbell 1686–1757. Merchant, Gothenburg, Sweden. His will – annotated. A Scoto-Swedish Study
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They proceeded to Europe, stopping off at the island of Fernando de Noronha, off the coast of
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and on to Canton, anchoring on 19 September 1732, six and a half months after leaving Sweden.
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a monopoly of all Swedish trade with the "East Indies" (meaning any port east of the
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He was born in November 1686 to John Campbell, a lawyer and prominent citizen of
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The Swedish East India company: the people, the adventure and the economic dream
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Campbell also carried sea-passes and a passport which confirmed him as minister
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Ostindiska kompaniet: människorna, äventyret och den ekonomiska drömmen
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Svenska ostindiska compagnierna 1731–1813: kryddor, te, porslin, siden
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Campbell's Coat of Arms on Chinese porcelain in Gothenburg City Museum
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May 1757) was a Scottish merchant and entrepreneur who co-founded the
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The Swedish East India company 1731–1813: spice, tea, porcelain, silk
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Colin Campbell, from a portrait now in Gothenburg Maritime Museum
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Campbell, Colin; Hallberg, Paul; Koninckx, Christian (1996).
188:(Swedish Parliament) approved the King's Charter giving the
72:, Inverness-shire. They were related to the noble family of
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of Edinburgh in 1720, when the citation described him as "
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710:] (in Swedish). Gothenburg: Hansson & Lundvall.
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The voyage lasted 550 days, with a stay of 120 days at
80:. Colin was the youngest of three brothers (following
92:, merchants and prominent citizens. Colin became a
642:] (in Swedish) (2 ed.). Höganäs: Wiken.
322:to replenish supplies and some recuperation from
204:" (Remember that it is God who fills the sails).
676:] (in Swedish) (2 ed.). Malmö: Allhem.
742:The Charter of the Swedish East India Company
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462:"China and Sweden: Treasured Memories"
437:(in Swedish). Vol. 7. Stockholm:
331:prosperous voyage, despite the Dutch.
164:, a merchant who had worked with the
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68:and his wife Elizabeth Campbell of
16:Scottish merchant and entrepreneur
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817:Swedish East India Company people
140:. The following year he moved to
120:. This area was then part of the
36:November 1686 – 9
807:18th-century Scottish merchants
787:Ambassadors of Sweden to China
708:The story of the East Indiamen
1:
767:Businesspeople from Edinburgh
703:Historien om ostindiefararna
666:Kjellberg, Sven T. (1975).
439:National Archives of Sweden
434:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
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700:Lindqvist, Herman (2002).
190:Swedish East India Company
172:Swedish East India Company
42:Swedish East India Company
802:Scottish company founders
335:Success, riches and death
294:On the journey home, on 3
76:, later prominent in the
822:Diplomats from Edinburgh
632:Frängsmyr, Tore (1990).
166:Dutch East India Company
624:Cormack, Alexander, A.
202:Memento Deus dabit vela
74:Clan Campbell of Cawdor
208:First Voyage to Canton
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777:Burgesses in Scotland
278:. Thence she went to
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44:and was Swedish King
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797:Immigrants to Sweden
427:Boëthius, B (1927).
122:Austrian Netherlands
501:, pp. 202–207.
460:Nilsson, Jan-Erik.
230:Ambassador to China
223:Georg Herman Trolle
184:In April 1731, the
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126:East India Company
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812:Swedish merchants
792:British emigrants
612:, pp. 26–27.
489:, pp. 34–35.
466:www.gotheborg.com
276:Cape of Good Hope
194:Cape of Good Hope
118:Holy Roman Empire
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762:1757 deaths
757:1686 births
314:Voyage home
252:Grand Mogul
244:Grand Mogul
751:Categories
445:22 October
343:References
148:Gothenburg
142:Gothenburg
130:supercargo
60:Early life
158:Fredrik I
154:Hanseatic
134:Stockholm
98:of London
82:Archibald
66:Edinburgh
48:'s first
46:Fredrik I
274:and the
90:notaries
723:19 July
689:19 July
655:19 July
472:16 July
304:Batavia
280:St Paul
250:or the
238:to the
186:Riksdag
116:in the
94:Burgess
78:Peerage
52:to the
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326:. On 7
324:scurvy
320:Brazil
296:
282:, the
268:Norway
264:Canton
258:Voyage
242:, the
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138:Sweden
114:Ostend
104:Ostend
38:
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706:[
672:[
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272:Cádiz
136:, in
50:envoy
725:2014
712:ISBN
691:2014
678:ISBN
657:2014
644:ISBN
579:ISBN
474:2015
447:2014
86:Hugh
84:and
100:".
70:Moy
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