626:
503:. One of the lessons drawn from the latter war was the importance of captured enemy documents which had provided the security forces with a wealth of invaluable intelligence on the IRA. Upon later establishing SOE, one of the key security features introduced was "Commit as little as possible to writing. Memorise if you can. If you must carry documents, select what you must carry. Burn all secret waste and carbons".
660:(SOE), which had recently been established to "coordinate all action by way of sabotage and subversion against the enemy overseas". Besides maintaining his existing connections with the Poles and Czechs, Gubbins was given three tasks: to set up training facilities; to devise operating procedures acceptable to the Admiralty and Air Ministry; and to establish close working relations with the
834:
as 'a real
Highland toughie, bloody brilliant, should be the next CD', he was short enough to make me feel average, with a moustache which was as clipped as his delivery and eyes which didn't mirror his soul or any other such trivia. The general's eyes reflected the crossed swords on his shoulders,
714:
As head of SOE, Gubbins co-ordinated the activities of resistance movements worldwide. Gubbins' role involved consultation at the highest level with the
Foreign Office, the Chiefs of Staff, representatives of the resistance organizations, governments-in-exile, and other Allied agencies including
667:
Despite many frustrations and disappointments, mainly due to shortage of aircraft, he persevered with training organizers and dispatching them into the field. The first liaison flight to Poland took place in
February 1941, and during 1942 and 1943 European resistance movements aided by SOE scored
747:
When SOE was shut down in 1946 the War Office could offer
Gubbins no suitable position, and when he retired from the army he became the managing director of a carpet and textile manufacturer. He remained in touch with people in many of the countries he had helped to liberate, and was invited by
703:, the executive head of SOE, resigned in protest. Gubbins was appointed as his replacement. SOE's position nevertheless remained precarious, and in January 1944 there was a further attempt to dismantle SOE, following the revelation that SOE's operations in the
568:. Gubbins and some of a contingent from MI(R) arrived in Warsaw on 3 September, within hours of the British declaration of war, but after only a few days the mission was forced by the rapidly deteriorating situation to abandon Warsaw. They finally crossed into
33:
1479:
1429:
1439:
480:, who had been ambushed and shot in the head by the anti-Treaty IRA. According to Stephen Dorril, however, Gubbins often expressed admiration in his later years for Michael Collins, whom he regarded as, "the
355:
For conspicuous gallantry. When one of his guns and its detachment were blown up by a heavy shell, he organised a rescue party and personally helped to dig out the wounded while shells were falling all
1424:
599:(9 April – 10 June 1940). Although he was criticized in some quarters for having asked too much of untried troops, he proved to be a bold and resourceful commander. During the operations around
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212:
772:
in 1944. The couple were divorced in 1944 and on 25 September 1950 he married the
Norwegian-born Anna Elise Tradin, née Jensen (b. 1914, d. 2007). His niece was the journalist and writer
1414:
618:, the commander of all troops in the Norwegian campaign, on his return to Britain he nevertheless rejoined MI(R) and was directed by General Headquarters Home Forces to form the secret
1469:
1434:
622:, a commando force based around the Home Guard together with regular army sabotage teams, to operate on the flanks and to the rear of German lines if Britain were ever invaded.
540:, he joined GS(R) — later to become MI(R) — in April 1939 he co-wrote training manuals on irregular warfare tactics for resistance movements, later translated and dropped into
676:, a regular link between the Shetland Islands and Norway, which, by the spring of 1942, had infiltrated almost 100 saboteurs and 150 tons of explosive into the country.
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Gubbins's first marriage was to Norah Creina (b. 1894) on 22 October 1919. The couple had two sons, the elder, Michael, served in the SOE and was killed at
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as the head of a military mission to the Czech and Polish forces under French command. He was summoned from France in March 1940 to raise the
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826:(1998) contains a detailed portrait of Gubbins and his work as Marks knew it. At one point (p. 222), Marks describes Gubbins:
188:
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organized by the HQ 5th
Division. Gubbins characterised his service in the conflict as "being shot at from behind hedges by men in
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On 7 October he was wounded in the neck by a gunshot but recovered fully. In the spring of 1917 Gubbins participated in the
607:, and was ruthless in dismissing a Guards battalion commander whose nerve had apparently failed. Gubbins was awarded the
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in late
September. Gubbins and Carton de Wiart were among the first people to report on the effectiveness of the German
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330:– initially with the 126th Battery as part of the British Army's 3rd Corps. He first saw action on 22 May 1915 in the
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When
British forces were mobilized in August 1939, Gubbins was appointed Chief of Staff to the military mission to
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245:, a commando force based around the Home Guard, to operate on the flanks and to the rear of German lines if the
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Rediscovering irregular warfare. Colin
Gubbins and the origins of Britain's Special Operations Executive
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warning all comers not to cross them with him. It was a shock to realize they were focused on me.
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SOE's
Mastermind: The Authorised Biography of Major General Sir Colin Gubbins KCMG, DSO, MC
466:. In August 1922, Gubbins reluctantly provided a gun carriage and six black horses for the
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sought to remove SOE's autonomy. Despite having the firm support of Dalton's successor,
672:
production plant in Norway. Gubbins was also responsible for establishing the so-called
525:, in 1935 he joined MT1, the policy-making branch of the Military Training Directorate.
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the day before Britain entered the conflict. Gubbins served as a battery officer on the
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Churchill's Lions: a biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II
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skills and had to make a perilous journey back to Britain via Belgium, arriving in
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On 2 December 1919 Gubbins was posted to the 47th Battery of the 5th Division in
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Although he was recommended for command of a division by Lieutenant General
507:
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719:(OSS). It turned out that the organized resistance was more effective than
32:
1041:
British Voices from the Irish War of Independence by William Sheehan p134
1030:
MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service
1008:
MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service
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A shooter and fisherman, Gubbins spent his last years at his home in the
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placed SOE's field operations under the direction of theatre commanders.
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as a military member of the International Commission. Promoted to brevet
393:
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923:"Major General Sir Colin McVean Gubbins – Founder & First Commander"
727:, where SOE's activities were under Gubbins's personal control, General
632:(right), Minister of Economic Warfare, and Colin Gubbins, chief of the
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408:
579:
In October 1939, following his return to Britain, Gubbins was sent to
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in 1928, and in 1931 was appointed GSO3 in the Russian section of the
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368:. In early 1918 Gubbins was promoted to captain and took part in the
372:. Shortly afterwards he was evacuated from the front with a case of
1316:
Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War
314:
in 1914. On the outbreak of war he was visiting the German city of
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323:
262:
55:
636:, talking to a Czech officer during a visit to Czech troops near
269:(1852–1929), Oriental Secretary at the British Legation. In the
854:
There is a very detailed account of Gubbins' wartime career in
230:(2 July 1896 – 11 February 1976) was the prime mover of the
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British military personnel of the Irish War of Independence
1430:
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
488:. Eventually he was posted back to England, that October.
1440:
Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group
470:
of his former enemy: ex-IRA Director of Intelligence and
189:
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
1234:
Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945
1122:
Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945
396:
from 13 April to 27 September 1919. His service in the
241:
Gubbins was also responsible for setting up the secret
450:
used the artillery pieces in their attack against the
442:, Gubbins provided 18-pounder artillery pieces to the
1425:
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
419:officer and in 1920 attended a three-day course in
265:on 2 July 1896, the younger son and third child of
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62:
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23:
1284:, Norman, OK (University of Oklahoma Press) 2015.
1465:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
1415:British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War
1189:"Oxford DNB article: Gubbins, Sir Colin McVean"
851:call Gubbins "one of the war's unsung heroes".
828:
353:
1470:British Special Operations Executive personnel
969:(Supplement). 22 September 1916. p. 9275.
510:, Gubbins graduated from the Staff College at
1435:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
856:Churchill's Ministry Of Ungentlemanly Warfare
731:later estimated that the contribution of the
8:
925:. British Resistance Archive. Archived from
548:to discuss sabotage and subversion with the
506:After a period with signals intelligence at
364:and in the winter suffered the effects of
334:and on 9 June was promoted to lieutenant.
297:where he graduated 56th out of 70 cadets.
273:he is shown living with his grandparents,
31:
20:
1032:, Touchstone, New York City. Pages 19-20.
1010:, Touchstone, New York City. Pages 19-20.
950:by Peter Wilkinson and Joan Brightly 1993
668:notable successes, including a raid on a
528:In October 1938, in the aftermath of the
1074:The World War 2 SOE Training Manual p39
893:
644:In November 1940 Gubbins became acting
384:In 1919 he joined the staff of General
345:, the citation for which, appearing in
1455:Graduates of the Staff College, Quetta
1110:Wilkinson and Astley (2010), pp.67, 68
591:, which he later commanded in several
1450:People educated at Cheltenham College
1420:British Army generals of World War II
1410:British Army personnel of World War I
1215:The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare
1124:. Pen and Sword. pp. Chapter 6.
1101:Wilkinson and Astley (2010), pp.40–46
804:in the Hebrides on 11 February 1976.
351:in September 1916, reads as follows:
7:
1400:War Office personnel in World War II
499:stimulated his lifelong interest in
337:In July 1916 he participated in the
1375:War service from ordersofbattle.com
750:Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands
310:Gubbins was commissioned into the
14:
756:. He was also a supporter of the
611:for his service in the campaign.
444:Provisional Government of Ireland
438:, after the war was ended by the
431:and not allowed to shoot back".
1445:Recipients of the Military Cross
1195:. Oxford University Press. 2004.
1051:Michael Collins Intelligence War
709:penetrated by Nazi intelligence
1318:. Barnesley: Pen & Sword.
910:. 28 December 1945. p. 8.
400:left Gubbins with a life-long
253:, Germany's planned invasion.
1:
1475:Military personnel from Tokyo
1485:British expatriates in Japan
717:Office of Strategic Services
689:Joint Intelligence Committee
658:Special Operations Executive
654:Minister of Economic Warfare
634:Special Operations Executive
232:Special Operations Executive
156:Special Operations Executive
1460:British Army major generals
1299:. Stroud (UK): Spellmount.
1236:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
796:of the islands area of the
760:, which he had co-founded.
609:Distinguished Service Order
193:Distinguished Service Order
1501:
1065:by Sir Ormonde Winter p295
544:. He also made a visit to
518:. Having been promoted to
800:in 1976. Gubbins died at
735:alone had been worth six
497:Irish War of Independence
413:Irish War of Independence
37:Sir Colin Gubbins c.1940s
30:
1405:Royal Artillery officers
1370:Generals of World War II
823:Between Silk and Cyanide
603:, he assumed command of
318:in order to improve his
208:Sir Colin McVean Gubbins
25:Sir Colin McVean Gubbins
1232:Atkin, Malcolm (2015).
1120:Atkin, Malcolm (2015).
1028:Stephen Dorril (2002),
1006:Stephen Dorril (2002),
648:and, at the request of
491:His experiences in the
458:, which began both the
1295:Mead, Richard (2007).
1174:22 August 2007 No. 385
1085:"Kent Auxiliary Units"
1019:Gubbins Private Papers
988:Gubbins Private Papers
837:
656:, was seconded to the
641:
566:Adrian Carton de Wiart
392:serving as his ADC in
358:
332:Second Battle of Ypres
291:Royal Military Academy
275:Colin Alexander McVean
267:John Harington Gubbins
1146:"Special Forces Club"
1053:by Michael T Foy p196
872:Edmund Charaszkiewicz
628:
605:24th (Guards) Brigade
587:, forerunners of the
585:Independent Companies
532:, he was sent to the
417:military intelligence
390:North Russia Campaign
312:Royal Field Artillery
285:. He was educated at
277:and four siblings at
171:North Russia Campaign
136:Royal Field Artillery
104:Years of service
1340:Lett, Brian (2016).
1314:Smart, Nick (2005).
1280:A. R. B. Linderman:
997:29 Brigade War Diary
862:(John Murray, 2016)
729:Dwight D. Eisenhower
715:particularly the US
662:Joint Planning Staff
550:Polish General Staff
370:Battle of St Quentin
261:Gubbins was born in
249:were invaded during
16:British Army general
1346:Pen and Sword Books
1256:Astley, Joan Bright
792:. He was appointed
758:Special Forces Club
593:actions in Nordland
402:hatred of Communism
386:Sir Edmund Ironside
339:Battle of the Somme
146:24th Guards Brigade
966:The London Gazette
907:The London Gazette
701:Sir Charles Hambro
679:In September 1943
642:
597:Norwegian campaign
538:lieutenant-colonel
475:commander-in-chief
440:Anglo-Irish Treaty
348:The London Gazette
287:Cheltenham College
251:Operation Sea Lion
1306:978-1-86227-431-0
1290:978-0-8061-5167-0
1243:978-1-47383-377-7
1227:978-1-444-79895-1
1131:978-1-47383-377-7
1091:on 8 August 2014.
794:Deputy Lieutenant
733:French Resistance
723:had expected; in
616:Claude Auchinleck
589:British Commandos
501:irregular warfare
493:Russian Civil War
421:guerrilla warfare
415:. He served as a
398:Russian Civil War
376:(17 April 1918).
341:and received the
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1252:Wilkinson, Peter
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1152:on 21 March 2012
1148:. Archived from
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1087:. Archived from
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882:Krystyna Skarbek
754:Bilderberg group
725:northwest Europe
695:, the resulting
556:Second World War
530:Munich Agreement
468:military funeral
460:Battle of Dublin
279:Killiemore House
236:Second World War
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929:on 18 June 2013
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774:Una-Mary Parker
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681:GHQ Middle East
620:Auxiliary Units
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542:occupied Europe
478:Michael Collins
464:Irish Civil War
452:Anti-Treaty IRA
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380:Interwar period
362:Battle of Arras
320:German language
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306:First World War
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301:Military career
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814:cryptographer
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68:(1976-02-11)
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1395:1976 deaths
1390:1896 births
1219:John Murray
1172:Aftenposten
961:"No. 29760"
902:"No. 37407"
816:at SOE was
705:Netherlands
670:heavy water
650:Hugh Dalton
630:Hugh Dalton
595:during the
534:Sudetenland
456:Four Courts
411:during the
366:mustard gas
289:and at the
271:1901 census
158:(1943–1946)
53:2 July 1896
1384:Categories
1264:Leo Cooper
1262:. London:
888:References
743:Later life
687:, and the
516:War Office
472:Irish Army
448:Irish Army
316:Heidelberg
257:Early life
84:Allegiance
79:, Scotland
49:1896-07-02
818:Leo Marks
812:His star
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788:, on the
737:divisions
721:Whitehall
707:had been
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576:tactics.
508:GHQ India
482:guerrilla
107:1914–1946
73:Stornoway
1258:(1993).
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570:Roumania
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574:Panzer
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546:Warsaw
520:brevet
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454:-held
446:. The
356:round.
185:Awards
153:(1940)
148:(1940)
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858:, by
832:Tommy
780:Death
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581:Paris
523:major
324:Dover
263:Japan
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127:14618
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1350:ISBN
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1193:ODNB
1158:2013
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935:2013
847:and
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