49:
31:
431:
and the flight period is July to
October. In the early part of the fight period the males swarm around the aggregation and try to mate with emerging females. Sometimes a number of males will surround a single female and they will roll around on the ground until one of the males successfully mates
432:
with the female. Once the females have mated they start to dig their short burrows and create cells with walls made of a thin and transparent material which resembles cellophane in appearance and which is formed from a secretion produced in the
655:. It is further postulated that the new species were probably expanding their ranges to exploit new populations of their foodplants and this can still be seen in the colonisation of southern Britain by
893:"Folgt die Efeu-Seidenbiene Colletes hederae SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1993 dem Ausbreitungsweg der Furchenbiene Halictus scabiosae (ROSSI, 1790) in Bayern? (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) (English abstract)"
387:. In the southern part of its distribution it becomes more localised and is replaced by other closely related species, for example it is absent from North Africa where it appears to be replaced by
592:
in the 20th
Century. They are almost indistinguishable from each other both phenotypically and genetically but are separated ecologically. The oldest species is thought to be
423:
as the females will nest singly or in small groups but in northern
England and Scotland they may form large, dense aggregations of nests, with one aggregation recorded in
1067:
427:
made up of 60–80,000 nests which were counted along 100m of river bank. In such dense aggregations the nests can be separated by just a few centimetres. They are
445:
and the females have been recorded travelling up to 1.5 km from the nest to collect pollen to provision the cells. They have also been recorded foraging on
1106:
340:
and pale transverse bands on the thorax but with an orange, transparent band on the first tergite. It is similar to two rare related species, the ivy bee (
408:
is found on heathland and moorland in
Britain and also in Europe where there are also some populations which occur among maritime dunes and on beaches.
1041:
1080:
1175:
845:
1002:
768:
739:
1170:
1165:
1085:
1093:
807:"Molecular, biogeographical and phenological evidence for the existence of three western European sibling species in the
588:
appear to be particularly closely related, so much so that the former two were only identified as separate species from
596:
and the distribution of this species closely matches that of its food plant. It is also parasitized by the cuckoo bee
337:
234:
223:
1020:
1111:
256:
245:
1033:
48:
190:
957:
919:
572:
389:
143:
566:
989:
524:
1160:
874:
313:
352:
in 1993 and 1943 respectively. They are all, however, separated from each other by their ecology.
533:
169:
43:
1072:
419:
nest in aggregations which in most of its range are quite small and can be difficult to locate
1132:
976:
433:
1137:
822:
632:
512:
507:
441:
307:
30:
892:
1119:
704:
475:
424:
296:
1028:
1015:
481:
212:
1154:
611:
still uses them as hosts but it does not do so with the efficiency that it does with
607:
and do not closely match the distributions of their food plants while the cuckoo bee
517:
447:
160:
201:
981:
495:
are mainly used once the pollen of that species starts to run low in late summer.
671:
south of the Alps and probably represents a localised and specialised "race" of
1098:
1054:
951:
529:
100:
942:
827:
806:
636:
487:
456:
428:
289:
285:
282:
110:
1007:
461:
318:
80:
60:
1124:
968:
936:
675:
which has not been able to expand its distribution as its host has done.
372:
301:
120:
576:
from more southerly areas of Europe. The three western
European species
1046:
660:
520:
368:
1059:
640:
466:
384:
90:
70:
913:
855:. Hymettus Limited and Bees, Wasps and Ants recording Society. 2010
648:
603:
The other two species have distributions which lie within that of
380:
994:
376:
917:
452:
663:. This hypothesis is further supported by the evidence that
556:. There are 12 species which are currently assigned to the
880:(in Spanish). Apolo observatorio de agentes polinizadores.
348:), both of which were identified as separate species from
528:
while adults have been recorded as being predated by the
367:
is a widespread bee occurring from the southern part of
560:
627:
and that these two species arose from populations of
926:
439:The main food plants are heathers, especially ling
336:is a medium-sized bee which has pale hairs on its
305:and is especially closely related to the ivy bee (
479:). In Spain it has also been recorded feeding on
383:. In Britain it is widespread as far north as
8:
914:
840:
838:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
29:
20:
826:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
846:"Information Sheet The Common Colletes (
711:. Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society
375:east through Europe into Asia, south to
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
684:
516:. They may also be parasitized by the
7:
1034:869164fe-4f4f-477b-956c-f6ef0fe21609
600:with which it is largely sympatric.
815:Organisms Diversity & Evolution
659:in the 1990s and its expansion in
14:
552:species complex within the genus
491:). Alternative pollen sources to
344:) and the sea aster mining bee (
311:) and the sea aster mining bee (
47:
891:Sebastian Hopfenmüller (2014).
875:"Polinizadores y biodiversidad"
615:. This strongly suggests that
436:located in the bee's abdomen.
1:
564:from North Africa as well as
811:group (Hymenoptera: Apidae)"
1176:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
325:but ecologically separate.
1192:
900:Nachrichtenblatt Bayer Ent
769:"LOWLAND HEATHLAND - BEES"
828:10.1016/j.ode.2006.04.001
805:Michael Kuhlmann (2007).
356:measures 10mm in length.
175:
168:
149:
142:
44:Scientific classification
42:
37:
28:
23:
473:) and creeping thistle (
393:, another member of the
499:Parasites and predators
1171:Bees described in 1758
541:Taxonomy and phylogeny
317:) which are partially
1166:Hymenoptera of Europe
525:Miltogramma punctata
1029:Fauna Europaea (new)
459:as well as melilot (
292:. It is part of the
253:Andrena xanthothorax
24:Colletes succinctus
958:Colletes succinctus
928:Colletes succinctus
848:Colletes succinctus
809:Colletes succinctus
707:Colletes succinctus
619:is the "parent" of
548:is a member of the
546:Colletes succinctus
506:nests are commonly
504:Colletes succinctus
471:Achillea millefolia
417:Colletes succinctus
406:Colletes succinctus
379:and as far east as
365:Colletes succinctus
334:Colletes succinctus
314:Colletes halophilus
270:Colletes succinctus
153:Colletes succinctus
703:G.R. Else (2001).
562:Colletes intricans
534:Cerceris rybyensis
510:by the cuckoo bee
390:Colletes intricans
281:, is a species of
242:Colletes kervillei
231:Colletes balteatus
135:C. succinctus
1148:
1147:
1133:Open Tree of Life
920:Taxon identifiers
667:only parasitizes
508:cleptoparasitized
485:and dwarf gorse (
299:within the genus
266:
265:
260:
249:
238:
227:
216:
205:
194:
183:
1183:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1101:
1099:NHMSYS0000875731
1089:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1010:
998:
997:
985:
984:
972:
971:
962:
961:
960:
947:
946:
945:
915:
908:
907:
897:
888:
882:
881:
879:
871:
865:
864:
862:
860:
854:
842:
833:
832:
830:
802:
781:
780:
778:
776:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
748:
736:
721:
720:
718:
716:
709:(Linnaeus,1758)"
700:
647:and in northern
635:during the last
598:Epeolus cruciger
513:Epeolus cruciger
493:Calluna vulgaris
442:Calluna vulgaris
308:Colletes hederae
288:from the family
279:heather colletes
255:
244:
233:
222:
211:
200:
189:
181:
155:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1120:Observation.org
1118:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
965:
956:
955:
950:
941:
940:
935:
922:
912:
911:
895:
890:
889:
885:
877:
873:
872:
868:
858:
856:
852:
844:
843:
836:
804:
803:
784:
774:
772:
767:
766:
762:
752:
750:
746:
738:
737:
724:
714:
712:
702:
701:
686:
681:
633:glacial refugia
543:
501:
476:Cirsium arvense
425:North Yorkshire
414:
403:
397:species group.
362:
331:
275:common colletes
220:Apis calendarum
187:Apis fuliginosa
179:Apis succinctus
164:
157:
151:
138:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1051:
1038:
1025:
1016:Fauna Europaea
1012:
999:
986:
973:
963:
948:
932:
930:
924:
923:
918:
910:
909:
883:
866:
834:
821:(2): 155–165.
782:
771:. Jeremy Early
760:
722:
683:
682:
680:
677:
639:, probably in
542:
539:
530:crabronid wasp
500:
497:
482:Daphne gnidium
434:Dufour's gland
413:
410:
402:
399:
361:
358:
330:
327:
264:
263:
262:
261:
250:
239:
228:
217:
209:Apis glutinans
206:
195:
184:
182:Linnaeus, 1758
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
147:
146:
140:
139:
132:
130:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Species of bee
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1188:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
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1134:
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1117:
1113:
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1082:
1078:
1074:
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1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
970:
964:
959:
953:
949:
944:
938:
934:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
905:
902:(in German).
901:
894:
887:
884:
876:
870:
867:
851:
849:
841:
839:
835:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
810:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
783:
770:
764:
761:
745:
743:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
723:
710:
708:
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697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
685:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:C. halophilus
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:C. succinctus
626:
622:
621:C. halophilus
618:
617:C. succinctus
614:
613:C. succinctus
610:
606:
605:C. succinctus
601:
599:
595:
594:C. succinctus
591:
590:C. succinctus
587:
586:C. succinctus
583:
579:
578:C. halophilus
575:
574:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
540:
538:
536:
535:
531:
527:
526:
522:
519:
515:
514:
509:
505:
498:
496:
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490:
489:
484:
483:
478:
477:
472:
468:
464:
463:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
443:
437:
435:
430:
426:
422:
421:C. succinctus
418:
411:
409:
407:
400:
398:
396:
392:
391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
357:
355:
354:C. succinctus
351:
350:C. succinctus
347:
346:C. halophilus
343:
339:
335:
328:
326:
324:
323:C. succinctus
320:
316:
315:
310:
309:
304:
303:
298:
297:species group
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
258:
254:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
198:Apis invictus
196:
192:
188:
185:
180:
177:
176:
174:
171:
167:
162:
156:
154:
148:
145:
144:Binomial name
141:
137:
136:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
927:
903:
899:
886:
869:
857:. Retrieved
847:
818:
814:
808:
773:. Retrieved
763:
751:. Retrieved
741:
713:. Retrieved
706:
672:
668:
664:
656:
652:
644:
631:isolated in
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:C. brevigena
571:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
532:
523:
511:
503:
502:
492:
486:
480:
474:
470:
460:
446:
440:
438:
420:
416:
415:
405:
404:
394:
388:
364:
363:
360:Distribution
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
332:
322:
312:
306:
300:
293:
278:
274:
269:
268:
267:
252:
241:
230:
219:
208:
197:
186:
178:
152:
150:
134:
133:
121:
18:
1055:iNaturalist
952:Wikispecies
906:(1/2): 2–7.
749:. Wordpress
673:E. cruciger
665:E. cruciger
609:E. cruciger
567:C. collaris
518:sarcophagid
329:Description
101:Hymenoptera
1161:Colletidae
1155:Categories
679:References
669:C. hederae
657:C. hederae
653:C. hederae
637:glaciation
625:C. hederae
582:C. hederae
558:succinctus
550:succinctus
488:Ulex minor
457:Asteraceae
429:univoltine
395:succinctus
342:C. hederae
294:succinctus
290:Colletidae
286:mining bee
283:Palearctic
111:Colletidae
81:Arthropoda
462:Melilotus
371:and from
319:sympatric
257:Eversmann
129:Species:
67:Kingdom:
61:Eukaryota
1073:11211668
966:BioLib:
943:Q2187419
937:Wikidata
742:Colletes
554:Colletes
373:Portugal
302:Colletes
235:Nylander
170:Synonyms
161:Linnaeus
122:Colletes
107:Family:
77:Phylum:
71:Animalia
57:Domain:
1047:1348704
995:1047534
661:Bavaria
412:Biology
401:Habitat
369:Ireland
338:clypeus
191:Scopoli
163:, 1758)
117:Genus:
97:Order:
91:Insecta
87:Class:
38:female
1138:198854
1112:338704
1086:655040
1060:127791
1021:232086
1008:254227
859:5 July
775:5 July
753:5 July
715:5 July
641:Iberia
467:yarrow
465:sp.),
385:Orkney
273:, the
259:, 1852
248:, 1908
237:, 1852
226:, 1806
224:Panzer
215:, 1798
213:Cuvier
204:, 1776
202:Harris
193:, 1770
1125:24367
1068:IRMNG
1003:EUNIS
969:70400
896:(PDF)
878:(PDF)
853:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
649:Italy
448:Erica
381:Tibet
321:with
246:Perez
1107:NCBI
1081:ITIS
1042:GBIF
982:X3LH
861:2017
777:2017
755:2017
717:2017
651:for
643:for
584:and
570:and
455:and
377:Iran
1094:NBN
990:EoL
977:CoL
823:doi
623:ad
521:fly
453:ivy
277:or
1157::
1135::
1122::
1109::
1096::
1083::
1070::
1057::
1044::
1031::
1018::
1005::
992::
979::
954::
939::
904:63
898:.
850:)"
837:^
817:.
813:.
785:^
725:^
687:^
580:,
537:.
451:,
863:.
831:.
825::
819:7
779:.
757:.
744:"
740:"
719:.
705:"
469:(
159:(
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