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52:
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electrical recordings since at least August 1924 with the
Western Electrical system. Although the Columbia Phonograph Company of New York could not afford the royalty payments, Sterling was in a position to buy out the US operation and, as an American company, to purchase the licence for the new Western Electric patents. Satisfied with the progress of the test recordings, in March 1925, Louis Sterling (backed by
322:& Co.), acquired a controlling interest in the parent company, Columbia US, for $ 2.5 million (about £500,000) in order to take advantage of Western Electric's patents. The firm continued in business as the Columbia Graphophone Company in many countries as a British company. Sterling, originally from New York, became chairman of the US operation.
554:
For the
Columbia Records trade mark in the UK and elsewhere, Sony Music now prefers the "walking eye" logo previously used by the old CBS Records, which is based on the Columbia Records logo introduced in the US and Canada in 1955. However, the "magic notes" logo is occasionally used, usually to give
317:
methods, and was offering exclusive rights to Victor although its
Chairman's illness had led to delays. Louis Sterling as Managing Director had turned around the fortunes of UK Columbia, and persuaded Western Electric that granting a monopoly would be a grave mistake. Columbia had been making test
293:
was registered as a
British company, with the shares being held by the American firm. A general market downturn in 1921 affected the whole entertainment industry. Profits turned to losses, and in late 1922 the creditors of the US parent company filed a petition for involuntary bankruptcy: Columbia
197:
In 1925, it acquired a controlling interest in its
American parent company to take advantage of a new electrical recording process. The British firm also controlled the US operations from 1925 until 1931. That year Columbia Graphophone in the UK merged with the
325:
On
February 25, 1925, Columbia began recording with the licensed Western Electric recording process and was using it on a regular basis by April. The royalty payments were considerable, and in 1928 Columbia hired the English electronics engineer
338:
which circumvented
Western Electric's patents. Columbia continued to use acoustic recording methods for the cheaper labels, and to release discs made with old acoustic masters on the Harmony and Velvet Tone labels until around 1929.
382:
EMI continued to operate the
Columbia record label in the UK until the early 1970s, and in all other territories except for the US, Canada, Spain and Japan, until it sold its remaining interest in the Columbia trademark to
551:(formerly CBS Records Group), which already owned Columbia Records in the U.S. and Canada. The formal reassignment of British registered trade marks from EMI, including the "magic notes" logo, took place in 1993.
294:
went into receivership. Seeking to raise cash, Columbia sold the
British branch in December 1922 to a group of investors led by Columbia's General Manager in Britain, the American-born Louis Sterling (1879–1958).
284:
From about 1898 until 1922 the US parent company managed a UK subsidiary, the
Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company. Its headquarters and studios were established in Victorian warehouses at 102-108
369:
legislation, EMI had to sell off its US Columbia operation, which continued to release pressings of matrices made in the UK. The American company was eventually absorbed by Columbia Broadcasting System
365:
Since the Gramophone Company (HMV) was a wholly owned subsidiary of Victor, and Columbia in America was a subsidiary of UK Columbia, Victor now technically owned its largest rival in the US. To avoid
362:). By the time of the merger, the Gramophone Company had not fully developed an alternative to Western Electric's process and was still paying royalty fees, so it was a technically advantageous move.
1566:
616:
assumed Columbia's artist roster and catalogue. New reissues bear the Parlophone imprint. Columbia's reissues, and by extension, those from HMV's popular genres, are distributed by WMG's
1541:
1536:
1516:
1080:
Pink Floyd recorded their first three albums for Columbia Graphophone, then switched to Harvest; some of their recordings for Harvest were leased to the CBS Columbia label.
1531:
257:
in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Delaware. It also made its own compatible cylinder recordings. In 1901, Columbia began selling disc records (invented and patented by
864:
297:
Columbia in the US emerged from receivership in February 1924 as the Columbia Phonograph Company Inc., but was immediately faced with another crisis, as booming
1556:
1551:
654:
289:
shortly before the First World War, and the buildings were a key location in the development of the British recording industry until the 1930s. In 1917, the
516:
EMI engaged in litigation with CBS regarding the importing of American records bearing the Columbia imprint into areas where EMI owned the Columbia name.
1546:
346:
led to huge losses in the recording industry and, in March 1931, J.P Morgan, the major shareholder, steered the Columbia Graphophone Company (along with
1172:
1440:
604:
In Australia and Germany, EMI continued using the Columbia label throughout the 1970s and to at least 1980, but added the EMI label in 1973.
752:
766:
570:
1561:
1472:
1149:
1058:
210:. At the same time, Columbia divested itself of its American branch, which was eventually absorbed by Columbia Broadcasting System (
1139:
1048:
194:, it became an independent British-owned company in 1922 in a management buy-out after the parent company went into receivership.
1112:
168:
547:
in January 1973. The last Columbia single was issued in 1989. EMI sold its remaining interest in the Columbia name in 1990 to
1521:
1220:
557:
262:
1379:
1426:
868:
636:
597:
242:
68:
1196:
952:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings (DAHR)
896:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings (DAHR)
628:
407:
266:
1090:
1023:
1141:
Competition Law, Technology Transfer and the Trips Agreement: Implications ... - Tú Thanh Nguyen - Google Books
751:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings,
471:
439:
506:
414:
in late 1964. The loss of American Columbia product had forced UK Columbia to groom its own talent such as
221:
became a successful British brand in the 1950s and 1960s, and was eventually replaced by the newly created
563:
659:
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80:
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until 1968 when American Columbia's then parent CBS moved distribution of all its labels to the new
51:
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467:
443:
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254:
1380:"Warner Music Group Integrates Parlophone Roster, Including Coldplay, David Guetta and Pink Floyd"
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label for classical repertoire and had transferred HMV's remaining pop acts to Columbia and
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31:
17:
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Through its ownership of the former Columbia/EMI catalogue, Parlophone Records' new owner
524:
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451:
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455:
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to work on an alternative. By late 1930, he had developed a recording system including a
249:
in 1887, initially as a distributor with a local monopoly on sales and service of Edison
491:
447:
258:
184:
160:
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1467:. London: Institute of Electrical Engineers, in association with the Science Museum.
835:
494:, the label was arguably the most successful in Britain in the rock era prior to the
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343:
327:
780:
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403:
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The Australian and New Zealand EMI Columbia catalogues, including recordings by
577:
The Columbia name was still on some EMI releases between 1973 and 1990 (such as
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331:
222:
519:
Releases from the British Columbia Graphophone Company appeared in Japan under
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509:. During that time, the Columbia Graphophone Company was absorbed into the
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983:
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390:
Under EMI, UK Columbia's releases were mainly licensed recordings from
1497:
1488:
1244:
816:. (originally printed in Gramophone Magazine, July 1958). 18 June 2011
398:. UK Columbia continued to distribute American Columbia sister labels
225:, as part of a label consolidation. This in turn was absorbed by the
543:
by 1967. EMI began to replace the Columbia label with the eponymous
949:
Columbia Corporate History: Market Crash, 1929, and the Early 1930s
893:
Columbia Corporate History: Electrical Recording and the Late 1920s
627:, who went by Johnny during his time with the label, were ceded to
555:
a 'retro' feel (such as on the 2016 vinyl reissues of Pink Floyd's
394:
until 1951 when American Columbia switched British distribution to
1050:
The Rise & Fall of EMI Records - Brian Southall - Google Books
167:
651:, a Bell name & trademark acquired by several US record firms
265:) and phonographs. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the
1358:"Why Pink Floyd?, Pink Floyd & EMI 2011 remastered campaign"
970:
Walworth, Julia (2005). "Sir Louis Sterling and his library".
371:
359:
211:
207:
74:
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140:
outside Australasia since 2012, trademark and name sold to
601:), but it had ceased acting as a fully functioning label.
1441:"Universal's EMI Deal Approved By New Zealand Regulators"
924:
922:
354:, which it had owned since 1926) into a merger with the
1567:
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom
941:
939:
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358:(HMV) to form Electric and Musical Industries Ltd (
156:
148:
132:
114:
96:
61:
42:
740:
738:
736:
1427:"Universal Absorbs EMI And Then There Were Three"
1245:"Soulsister - The Way To Your Heart (UK Version)"
759:"Notes to Columbia Records, 1901-1934: A History"
301:reduced the firm's profitability. The same year,
531:Phaseout of label by EMI and trade mark transfer
30:Not to be confused with the United States-based
190:Founded in 1917 as an offshoot of the American
172:Columbia Phonograph Company, gramophone record
978:. Jewish Historical Society of England: 161.
763:Discography of American Historical Recordings
694:Discography of American Historical Recordings
374:) (another of its former offshoots) in 1938.
8:
1542:1990 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1537:1973 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
865:"The Birth of Electrical Recording – Part 1"
655:List of Columbia Graphophone Company artists
1517:Defunct record labels of the United Kingdom
785:Grace's Guide to British Industrial History
748:Columbia Corporate History: The Early 1920s
523:until 1962, when licensing was switched to
1382:. The Hollywood Reporter. 19 December 2013
690:"Columbia Corporate History: Introduction"
39:
1532:1922 establishments in the United Kingdom
513:with the label maintaining its identity.
858:
856:
804:
802:
681:
501:In the mid 1960s, UK Columbia added an
342:The repercussions of the stock market
1402:"Helen_Shapiro_Overseas_Albums_Japan"
928:
913:
727:
136:Catalogue and artist roster owned by
7:
1557:Record labels disestablished in 1990
1552:Record labels disestablished in 1973
1464:The Life and Times of A. D. Blumlein
245:was originally founded in the US by
27:Record company in the United Kingdom
1336:"Kiki Dee - Angel Eyes (Vinyl, LP)"
1314:"Kiki Dee - Angel Eyes (Vinyl, LP)"
1091:""Heart Full of Soul" record label"
334:microphone and a cutting head with
1360:. Whypinkfloyd.com. 19 August 2011
867:. Mainspring Press. Archived from
769:from the original on May 31, 2023.
56:The company's "Columbia" trademark
25:
1547:Record labels established in 1922
1489:Columbia Graphophone Company Ltd.
1138:Nguyen, Tu Thanh (January 2010).
755:from the original on Feb 5, 2024;
1292:"Baltimora - Tarzan Boy (Vinyl)"
269:cylinders and the Victor discs.
50:
863:Sutton, Allan (12 June 2019).
263:Victor Talking Machine Company
202:(which sold records under the
1:
810:"Sterling, Louis (1879–1958)"
667:, one-time Japanese affiliate
410:created from the purchase of
177:Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd.
77:(20 April 1931– January 1973)
633:EMI Recorded Music Australia
291:Columbia Graphophone Company
44:Columbia Graphophone Company
637:Universal Music New Zealand
535:EMI decided to reserve the
277:records both had a nominal
243:Columbia Phonograph Company
217:The company's record label
192:Columbia Phonograph Company
120:; 51 years ago
83:(Australia and New Zealand)
69:Columbia Phonograph Company
18:Columbia Gramophone Company
1583:
558:Piper at the Gates of Dawn
525:Toshiba Musical Industries
313:system to replace the old
29:
972:Jewish Historical Studies
629:Universal Music Australia
267:Edison Phonograph Company
49:
1562:Phonograph manufacturers
1222:Billboard - Google Books
1198:Billboard - Google Books
1174:Billboard - Google Books
1047:Southall, Brian (2011).
1025:Billboard - Google Books
549:Sony Music Entertainment
472:Gerry and the Pacemakers
440:Freddie and the Dreamers
385:Sony Music Entertainment
179:was one of the earliest
1093:. i1127.photobucket.com
102:; 107 years ago
998:"EMI: A Brief History"
715:British History Online
620:in the United States.
564:A Saucerful of Secrets
336:linear characteristics
173:
1522:British record labels
1461:Burns, R. W. (2000).
1270:"Columbia Records UK"
836:"Louis Saul Sterling"
781:"Louis Saul Sterling"
660:List of record labels
490:. Led by A&R man
171:
100:13 February 1917
81:Universal Music Group
1406:aearwaker.tripod.com
713:"Clerkenwell Road".
311:electrical recording
309:had developed a new
255:phonograph cylinders
1119:. 3.bp.blogspot.com
946:Brooks, Tim (ed.),
890:Brooks, Tim (ed.),
745:Brooks, Tim (ed.),
618:Rhino Entertainment
568:and on Bob Dylan's
444:the Dave Clark Five
412:Oriole Records (UK)
1429:. 31 January 2013.
1201:. 23 December 1972
1177:. 11 November 1967
916:, pp. 95, 98.
840:Recording Pioneers
814:Sound Of The Hound
614:Warner Music Group
511:Gramophone Company
356:Gramophone Company
315:acoustic recording
231:Warner Music Group
227:Parlophone Records
204:His Master's Voice
200:Gramophone Company
174:
138:Parlophone Records
87:Warner Music Group
1225:. 3 February 1973
1053:. Omnibus Press.
1004:. 24 January 2000
931:, pp. 112–3.
608:Current ownership
392:American Columbia
183:companies in the
166:
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157:Country of origin
118:January 1973
89:(most catalogues)
16:(Redirected from
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378:As an EMI label
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871:on 29 May 2020
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1498:EMI Columbia
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1455:Bibliography
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37:Record label
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1298:12 February
1276:12 February
1229:12 February
1205:12 February
1181:28 February
1157:12 February
1123:12 February
1097:12 February
1066:28 February
1032:12 February
875:23 February
649:Graphophone
585:" in 1985,
545:EMI Records
476:the Seekers
464:the Animals
428:the Shadows
416:Russ Conway
408:CBS Records
332:moving-coil
320:J.P. Morgan
299:radio sales
281:of 80 rpm.
251:phonographs
223:EMI Records
214:) in 1938.
71:(1917–1922)
1511:Categories
1008:15 January
929:Burns 2000
914:Burns 2000
728:Burns 2000
699:2022-08-04
672:References
598:Angel Eyes
588:Jeanne Mas
583:Tarzan Boy
541:Parlophone
503:audiophile
488:Pink Floyd
420:John Barry
352:Parlophone
181:gramophone
142:Sony Music
107:1917-02-13
1445:Billboard
1338:. Discogs
1316:. Discogs
1294:. Discogs
579:Baltimora
496:beat boom
484:Jeff Beck
387:in 1990.
367:antitrust
303:Bell Labs
233:in 2013.
1411:25 March
1002:BBC News
984:24027031
955:See also
899:See also
767:Archived
753:archived
643:See also
593:Kiki Dee
460:Ken Dodd
275:acoustic
229:unit of
219:Columbia
1502:Discogs
1493:Discogs
261:of the
152:Various
144:in 1990
125:1973-01
123: (
115:Defunct
105: (
97:Founded
1471:
1386:20 May
1364:20 May
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845:8 June
820:8 June
791:8 June
635:, and
595:album
486:, and
133:Status
1254:7 May
1249:45cat
980:JSTOR
677:Notes
149:Genre
1469:ISBN
1413:2016
1388:2014
1366:2014
1344:2013
1322:2013
1300:2013
1278:2013
1256:2016
1231:2013
1207:2013
1183:2013
1159:2013
1146:ISBN
1125:2012
1099:2012
1068:2013
1055:ISBN
1034:2013
1010:2009
877:2020
847:2019
822:2019
793:2019
581:'s "
561:and
404:Epic
402:and
400:Okeh
350:and
253:and
241:The
1527:EMI
574:).
537:HMV
372:CBS
360:EMI
212:CBS
208:EMI
75:EMI
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