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Grafonola
Symphony Grand introduced in 1907, Grafonola Regent introduced in 1909, Columbia Mignon introduced in 1910, Grafonola Princess introduced in 1911, Columbia Colonial introduced in 1913, various Period Grafonolas introduced in 1917. In order to cater to increasingly prosperous clientele Columbia Phonograph Company begun to manufacture a series of ornate, limited edition period machines. These were highly priced (some as high as $ 2,100.00 ) special orders, which provided consumers with options to choose styles which matched their interior decor.
50:, Columbia's arch competitor, introduced a line of models in which the horn and other hardware were concealed within a cabinet made to look like fine furniture rather than a mechanical device. They named the new style a "Victrola". It quickly proved to be very popular and successful. Other makers, adopting the distinctive suffix, introduced their own "-ola" internal horn machines, such as Edison's Amberolas and Columbia's Grafonolas. They were soon outselling the external horn models.
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Two models were available: a portable table model and bigger stationary floor model, offering limited mobility through application of casters. The most notable table models included
Grafonola Favorite introduced in 1911 and Grafonola Savoy introduced in 1915. The most notable floor models included
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At first, like nearly all other early record players, all
Grafonolas were driven by a spring motor that the user had to wind up with a crank before playing a record or two. In 1915, Columbia began to introduce electric-motor-driven models, as a majority of urban areas had been wired to electrical
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grids. The electrified
Grafonolas supported both alternating and direct currents from 110 to 220 volts. Electrified Grafonolas never gained the popularity enjoyed by the spring-motor-driven versions due to substantially higher prices and lack of electrical service in rural areas.
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Grafonolas were manufactured under 1886 United States
Letters Patent No. 341,214 which Columbia Graphophone company acquired through its predecessor American Graphophone Company.
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Until late 1925, all record players reproduced sound by purely mechanical means and relied on a so-called "amplifying" horn to efficiently couple the vibrations of the stylus and
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American
Columbia Grafonolas continued to be manufactured up until 1923 when the company was purchased by British entrepreneur
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The
Virtual Gramophone: Canadian Historical Sound Recordings: Early Sound Recording and the Invention of the Gramophone
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The
Columbia Graphophone Company, 1923–1931: Commercial Competition, Cultural Plurality and Beyond
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Below are depictions of various
Grafonola models portrayed in retail advertisements.
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221:"C. A. Bell & S Tainter: Recording and Reproducing Speech and Other Sounds"
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197:, Retrieved from The Antique Phonograph Society website, February 26, 2016.
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Peter
Tschmuck. Creativity and Innovation in Music Industry. Second Edition
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John C. Freund. The Purchaser's Guide to the Music Industries. 1922 Edition
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The Vintage Phonograph Gallery. Electric-Motor Columbia Grafonola (1915)
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Lynn Bylton.The Columbia Graphophone and Grafonola, a beginner's guide
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History of the manufacturer: Columbia Phonograph Co. Inc.
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An advertisement for the Columbia Grafonola floor model
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to the space occupied by the listeners. In 1906, the
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