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3,000 metres (9,800 ft) which lasted for 50 kilometres (31 mi)—the longest continuous ski run in
Canadian history up to that point. Their accomplishment played a major role in generating worldwide interest in the Canadian Rockies. Today, mountaineers and skiers from around the world come to the Columbia Icefield to explore some of the classic routes discovered by these early pioneers of mountaineering.
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In March 1932, three men undertook a remarkable skiing journey from Jasper to Banff that covered about 500 kilometres (310 mi). When Cliff White, Joe Weiss, and
Russell Bennet reached the Columbia Icefield, they climbed to the summit of Snow Dome, and then made a downhill run descent of almost
349:
The view that lay before us in the evening light was one that does not often fall to the lot of modern mountaineers. A new world was spread at our feet: to the westward stretched a vast ice-field probably never before seen by the human eye, and surrounded by entirely unknown, unnamed and unclimbed
362:(3,618 m; 11,870 ft), then considered the "Matterhorn of the Rockies". In 1902, Outram made ten first ascents of peaks over 3,050 metres (10,010 ft) and discovered four new mountain passes in the Columbia Icefield area. Two of his first ascents in 1902 were
277:
The
Columbia Icefield was formed during the Great Glaciation, or Illinoisan period (238,000 to 126,000 BCE). The initial advancement of the ice field ended during the latter millennia of the Early Wisconsinan period (73,000 to 62,000 BCE), around the time
321:—a major trading route located north of the Icefield—when he climbed one of the adjacent mountain peaks. He reported his first ascent in his journal, describing it to be 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) in height. In the summer of 1884, geology professor
652:), because the weather station is located at an altitude of 1,981.20 m (6,500 ft). The average annual temperature is −2.1 °C (28.2 °F). The month of July is the warmest with an average temperature of 9.1 °C (48.38 °F).
405:(3,456 m; 11,339 ft) in 36 hours. During his 63-day visit to the Columbia Icefield, Ostheimer and his two companions walked over a 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) and climbed thirty peaks—twenty-five of which were first ascents.
284:
began to appear on the earth. The next major advance of the ice field occurred during the Late
Wisconsinan period (18,000 to 9,000 BCE), which marked the end of the major intercontinental land mass bridges. During the
312:
The
Columbia Icefield was one of the last major geological features in western Canada to be visited and recorded by Europeans, due to its isolation and harsh weather conditions. In April 1827, Scottish botanist
393:(3,566 m; 11,699 ft) in twenty-four hours—a combined distance of about 60 kilometres (37 mi). In 1927, A. J. Ostheimer discovered a new route to the North Peak Summit, made first ascents of
345:, moved up the glacier when the ridge gave way to crumbling rock, and made their way to the summit, where they discovered an ice field that extended to almost every horizon. Collie later wrote:
60:
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247:. It is about 325 square kilometres (125 sq mi) in area, 100 to 365 metres (328 to 1,198 ft) in depth and receives up to 7 metres (280 in) of snowfall per year.
389:(3,342 m; 10,965 ft) in five days. The following year, another American expedition led by William O. Field and guide Edward Feuz climbed both the North Twin Peak and the
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in search of
Douglas' giant peak. While unsuccessful, he did discover the route that would become the Icefield Parkway. In July 1898, British explorer
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506:. Hudson Bay, in some watershed divisions, is considered to be in the Arctic watershed, in which case this would arguably not be a
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peaked, then went through a period of recession, and then advanced again until 1840, when it began receding until the present day.
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and his friends Hugh
Stutfield and Herman Wooley set off in search of Douglas' giants, equipped by the famous Banff outfitter
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came to the
Canadian Rockies to recover his health after a nervous breakdown. The following year he made the first ascent of
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along the border of
British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, the ice field lies partly in the northwestern tip of
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370:(3,507 m; 11,506 ft), one of the most dangerous and difficult summits in the Rocky Mountains.
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Parts of the
Columbia Icefield and part of other icefields and glaciers are visible from the
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advance (9,000 to 7,000 BCE), humans were beginning to learn farming along the
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401:(3,505 m; 11,499 ft), and became the first climber to traverse the
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341:. On the morning of August 18, Collie and Wooley climbed the east side of
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from a high shoulder of the Columbia Icefield; on the way to The Twins (
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originate in the Columbia Icefield, as do tributary headwaters of the
1900:
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1918:
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305:, which lasted from about 1200 AD to 1900 AD. Around 1800, the
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rivers. The last major period of advance occurred during the
1727:"Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 3: Precipitation"
1695:"Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 2: Temperature"
558:
in the Canadian Rockies are located around the edges:
534:
and a sliver of the Columbia Icefield from Wilcox Pass
1767:
The Canadian Rockies: Early Travels and Explorations
385:(3,731 m; 12,241 ft), Mount Columbia, and
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1488:"Columbia Icefield Area and the Athabasca Glacier"
2637:Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site
1842:Columbia Icefield; Mt. Bryce right, our tent left
1665:"The Columbia Icefield and the Athabasca Glacier"
659:Climate data for Columbia Icefield (1951–1980)
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1640:. The Atlas of Canada. 2009. Archived from
463:The icefield was first reported in 1898 by
3135:Alberta–British Columbia foothills forests
2626:
1941:
1927:
1919:
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29:
2647:Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
127:
97:
67:
3207:Tourist attractions in British Columbia
2594:Category:Rivers of the Canadian Rockies
1814:
1451:
2589:List of rivers of the Canadian Rockies
1671:. Heartland Associates. Archived from
270:). The ramp to the right leads to the
23:. For the glacier in Washington, see
7:
1732:. Environment Canada. Archived from
1700:. Environment Canada. Archived from
2756:Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station
1895:Columbia Icefield Glacier Adventure
397:(3,450 m; 11,320 ft) and
366:(3,747 m; 12,293 ft) and
354:In 1900, former British clergyman
243:and partly in the southern end of
14:
1870:Peaks to the West of the Icefield
16:Ice field in the Canadian Rockies
2761:First Oil Well in Western Canada
1882:
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1848:
1834:
1817:
1663:Huck, Barbara; Whiteways, Doug.
126:
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96:
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59:
38:
325:explored the Great Divide from
19:For the glacier in Alaska, see
3202:Tourist attractions in Alberta
3197:Geology of the Rocky Mountains
3192:Ice fields of British Columbia
2701:Jasper Park Information Centre
1794:. Banff: Altitude Publishing.
1771:. Edmonton: M. G. Hurtig Ltd.
631:(3,450 m; 11,320 ft)
625:(3,456 m; 11,339 ft)
619:(3,566 m; 11,699 ft)
613:(3,684 m; 12,087 ft)
607:(3,505 m; 11,499 ft)
601:(3,490 m; 11,450 ft)
595:(3,747 m; 12,293 ft)
589:(3,090 m; 10,140 ft)
583:(3,507 m; 11,506 ft)
577:(3,491 m; 11,453 ft)
571:(3,450 m; 11,320 ft)
565:(3,619 m; 11,873 ft)
1:
3212:Great Divide of North America
1202:Average snowfall cm (inches)
1132:Average rainfall mm (inches)
502:), and south and west to the
471:after they had completed the
417:The icefield feeds six major
25:Columbia Glacier (Washington)
3140:North Central Rockies forest
1856:Skiing the Columbia Icefield
1786:Sandford, Robert W. (1993).
1669:In Search of Ancient Alberta
110:Show map of British Columbia
2866:Dune Za Keyih (Frog-Gataga)
2355:Unnamed Alberta–BC mountain
1272:Average precipitation days
918:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
778:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
3228:
2642:Waterton Biosphere Reserve
1903:(Jasper Columbia Icefield)
1435:List of glaciers in Canada
1412:
658:
510:continental divide point.
18:
3148:
2623:Parks and protected areas
1828:and the Columbia Icefield
1577:Sandford 1993, pp. 58–59.
1548:Sandford 1993, pp. 56–58.
1465:. Encyclopædia Britannica
1365:
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640:Columbia Icefield has an
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21:Columbia Glacier (Alaska)
3130:Alberta Mountain forests
2931:Northern Rocky Mountains
1901:Jasper Columbia Icefield
484:North Saskatchewan River
233:Canadian Rocky Mountains
2741:Abbot Pass Refuge Cabin
2358:(formerly Mount Pétain)
1763:Fraser, Esther (1969).
381:to summit the daunting
323:Arthur Philemon Coleman
44:Columbia Icefield with
3095:Ecozone and ecoregions
1618:cdnrockiesdatabases.ca
551:
535:
352:
274:
272:Stutfields (E & W)
182:52.15722°N 117.31389°W
3187:Ice fields of Alberta
2886:Height of the Rockies
1790:The Columbia Icefield
1603:Sandford 1993, p. 60.
1589:Sandford 1993, p. 59.
1568:Sandford 1993, p. 58.
1539:Sandford 1993, p. 56.
1521:Sandford 1993, p. 23.
541:
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258:
231:. Located within the
2736:Twin Falls Tea House
1891:at Wikimedia Commons
1492:Jasper National Park
708:Record high °C (°F)
554:Some of the highest
550:from Colum. Icefield
500:North Atlantic Ocean
475:of Mount Athabasca.
451:Saskatchewan Glacier
245:Jasper National Park
187:52.15722; -117.31389
1675:on February 8, 2005
1463:"Columbia Icefield"
1366:Average snowy days
1319:Average rainy days
988:Record low °C (°F)
848:Daily mean °C (°F)
498:(and thence to the
431:Castleguard Glacier
241:Banff National Park
227:in North America's
177: /
80:Show map of Alberta
3115:Montane Cordillera
2726:Kicking Horse Pass
2140:Continental Ranges
1415:Environment Canada
552:
536:
387:Mount Saskatchewan
275:
237:Continental Divide
140:Show map of Canada
3169:
3168:
3110:Boreal Cordillera
2980:Fortress Mountain
2958:
2957:
2911:Mount Assiniboine
2861:Close To The Edge
2856:Akamina-Kishinena
2751:Banff Park Museum
2539:Columbia Icefield
2134:Winston Churchill
1913:Columbia Icefield
1907:Columbia Icefield
1889:Columbia Icefield
1887:Media related to
1801:978-1-551-53619-4
1778:978-0-888-30115-4
1638:"Drainage Basins"
1614:"Mount Athabasca"
1430:Columbia Wetlands
1420:
1419:
599:Mount King Edward
587:Mount Castleguard
532:Athabasca Glacier
458:Icefields Parkway
446:Stutfield Glacier
426:Athabasca Glacier
360:Mount Assiniboine
307:Athabasca Glacier
221:Columbia Icefield
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193:Columbia Icefield
134:Columbia Icefield
104:Columbia Icefield
74:Columbia Icefield
33:Columbia Icefield
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3182:Canadian Rockies
3156:Geography portal
3015:Sunshine Village
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2891:Hole-in-the-Wall
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2574:Waputik Icefield
2458:North Kananaskis
1950:Canadian Rockies
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436:Columbia Glacier
335:J. Norman Collie
287:Crowfoot Glacier
209:outflow glaciers
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2706:Yellowhead Pass
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617:South Twin Peak
611:North Twin Peak
605:Mount Kitchener
575:Mount Athabasca
569:Mount Andromeda
516:
480:Athabasca River
469:Hermann Woolley
415:
399:Mount Kitchener
391:South Twin Peak
383:North Twin Peak
343:Mount Athabasca
253:
229:Rocky Mountains
223:is the largest
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2836:Historic Sites
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504:Pacific Ocean
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2995:Marmot Basin
2946:
2921:Mount Robson
2916:Mount Fernie
2820:Spray Valley
2696:Jasper House
2592:
2559:Saskatchewan
2538:
2353:
2319:Stanley Peak
2304:Saskatchewan
2229:Edith Cavell
2145:
2138:
2099:South Jasper
1789:
1766:
1741:. Retrieved
1734:the original
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1702:the original
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1668:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1632:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1573:
1544:
1496:. Retrieved
1491:
1467:. Retrieved
1062:mm (inches)
649:
639:
553:
507:
492:Arctic Ocean
477:
473:first ascent
462:
455:
441:Dome Glacier
416:
407:
372:
356:James Outram
353:
348:
311:
281:Homo sapiens
279:
276:
235:astride the
220:
218:
48:at the left.
3066:Lake Louise
3024:Communities
3010:Powder King
2985:Lake Louise
2963:Ski resorts
2926:Muncho Lake
2840:Frank Slide
2810:Sheep River
2795:Ghost River
2790:Elbow-Sheep
2785:Bragg Creek
2284:Resplendent
2209:Castleguard
2179:Assiniboine
2147:Hart Ranges
2029:Livingstone
1743:October 24,
1711:October 24,
1679:January 10,
1648:January 10,
1469:January 10,
581:Mount Bryce
548:King Edward
379:Conrad Kain
375:World War I
368:Mount Bryce
185: /
172:117°18′50″W
159:Coordinates
3176:Categories
3124:ecoregions
2990:Little Mac
2825:White Goat
2800:Kananaskis
2780:Bow Valley
2716:Howse Pass
2513:Yellowhead
2438:Kananaskis
2214:Clemenceau
2024:Kananaskis
1974:Beaverfoot
1897:(Brewster)
1623:2021-03-15
1441:References
1368:(≥ 0.2 cm)
1321:(≥ 0.2 mm)
1274:(≥ 0.2 mm)
496:Hudson Bay
494:, east to
373:Following
339:Bill Peyto
191: (
169:52°09′26″N
3081:Valemount
2871:Elk Lakes
2529:Athabasca
2508:White Man
2498:Vermilion
2398:Crowsnest
2383:Athabasca
2314:Snow Dome
2259:Kitchener
2184:Athabasca
2174:Andromeda
2162:Mountains
2119:Vermilion
2064:President
2054:Morrissey
2019:High Rock
2014:Foothills
1999:Fairholme
1989:Crowsnest
1909:(Bivouac)
1826:Snow Dome
1498:March 15,
1446:Citations
623:Snow Dome
556:mountains
528:Andromeda
524:Athabasca
514:Mountains
403:Snow Dome
295:Euphrates
225:ice field
3152:See also
3104:ecozones
3071:Sparwood
2906:Kwadacha
2830:Willmore
2815:Siffleur
2676:Kootenay
2656:National
2544:Crowfoot
2522:Glaciers
2488:Sunwapta
2478:Sinclair
2463:Palliser
2423:Highwood
2413:Fortress
2393:Carcajou
2249:Hungabee
2219:Columbia
2109:Terminal
2104:Sundance
2089:Sentinel
2059:Palliser
2009:Flathead
1424:See also
1413:Source:
1267:(253.1)
1127:(36.62)
1058:Average
1053:(−42.0)
1048:(−32.8)
1043:(−25.6)
1038:(−15.0)
1003:(−31.0)
998:(−22.0)
993:(−42.0)
544:Columbia
482:and the
419:glaciers
413:Glaciers
206:Terminus
153:Icefield
3046:Elkford
3036:Canmore
3005:Nakiska
2602:Peoples
2564:Vulture
2493:Tonquin
2473:Simpson
2448:Monkman
2362:Whymper
2349:Ulysses
2339:Trinity
2324:Sulphur
2299:Sarbach
2279:Pyramid
2199:Cascade
2189:Brazeau
2169:Alberta
2129:Waputik
2084:Sawback
2074:Rainbow
2044:Massive
2039:Maligne
1811:Gallery
1756:Sources
1262:(36.4)
1257:(31.4)
1252:(25.5)
1227:(13.8)
1222:(32.7)
1217:(23.2)
1212:(37.3)
1207:(42.1)
1197:(9.39)
1192:(0.11)
1187:(0.07)
1182:(0.70)
1177:(1.56)
1172:(2.18)
1167:(1.96)
1162:(2.30)
1157:(0.28)
1152:(0.12)
1147:(0.03)
1142:(0.04)
1137:(0.04)
1122:(3.18)
1117:(4.42)
1112:(4.45)
1107:(2.09)
1102:(1.99)
1097:(2.72)
1092:(2.94)
1087:(1.49)
1082:(2.76)
1077:(2.84)
1072:(3.30)
1067:(4.43)
1028:(21.0)
1023:(15.1)
1018:(10.0)
1008:(−9.0)
983:(18.5)
973:(10.2)
968:(21.4)
963:(31.1)
958:(36.9)
953:(37.2)
948:(32.4)
943:(25.7)
938:(14.5)
923:(−2.2)
913:(28.2)
908:(12.7)
903:(17.2)
898:(29.8)
893:(41.0)
888:(47.5)
883:(48.4)
878:(43.2)
873:(37.0)
868:(26.1)
863:(16.5)
858:(13.1)
843:(37.9)
838:(20.1)
833:(24.3)
828:(38.3)
823:(50.5)
818:(57.7)
813:(59.4)
808:(53.8)
803:(48.4)
798:(37.6)
793:(27.3)
788:(22.3)
783:(15.1)
773:(79.0)
768:(39.0)
763:(48.0)
758:(63.0)
753:(71.1)
748:(78.1)
743:(79.0)
738:(73.9)
733:(72.0)
728:(66.0)
723:(44.1)
718:(48.9)
713:(39.9)
636:Climate
251:History
3061:Jasper
3051:Fernie
2975:Fernie
2881:Hamber
2671:Jasper
2583:Rivers
2549:Hector
2503:Wapiti
2483:Summit
2453:Muncho
2433:Jarvis
2418:Fraser
2371:Passes
2329:Temple
2309:Smythe
2294:Rundle
2289:Robson
2254:Joffre
2244:Hosmer
2239:Hector
2234:Forbes
2204:Castle
2034:Lizard
2004:Fiddle
1957:Ranges
1915:Flickr
1798:
1775:
1247:(5.4)
1242:(0.8)
1237:(0.6)
1232:(3.9)
1033:(5.0)
1013:(0.0)
978:(5.4)
933:(5.7)
928:(4.1)
853:(6.4)
664:Month
646:Köppen
546:&
526:&
508:triple
350:peaks.
331:Jasper
297:, and
291:Tigris
266:&
3056:Field
3031:Banff
2896:Kakwa
2776:Parks
2666:Banff
2662:Parks
2569:Wapta
2554:Peyto
2428:Howse
2403:Elbow
2378:Abbot
2274:Pilot
2269:Heart
2264:Lyell
2194:Bryce
2094:Slate
2049:Misty
1737:(PDF)
1730:(PDF)
1705:(PDF)
1698:(PDF)
1265:642.9
1205:106.9
1195:238.6
1125:930.1
1115:112.3
1110:113.1
1065:112.6
1051:−41.1
1046:−36.0
1041:−32.0
1036:−26.1
1031:−15.0
1016:−12.2
1011:−17.8
1006:−22.8
1001:−35.0
996:−30.0
991:−41.1
976:−14.8
971:−12.1
931:−14.6
926:−15.5
921:−19.0
906:−10.7
856:−10.5
851:−14.2
703:Year
542:Mts.
522:Mts.
327:Banff
2681:Yoho
2591:and
2587:see
2468:Pine
2388:Bush
2344:Twin
2224:Cory
1979:Blue
1969:Bare
1964:Ball
1796:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1745:2020
1713:2020
1681:2015
1650:2015
1500:2021
1471:2015
1408:102
1314:157
1260:92.5
1255:79.7
1250:64.7
1245:13.8
1230:10.0
1225:35.0
1220:83.1
1215:58.9
1210:94.8
1180:17.8
1175:39.5
1170:55.4
1165:49.9
1160:58.5
1120:80.7
1105:53.0
1100:50.5
1095:69.1
1090:74.8
1085:37.9
1080:70.1
1075:72.1
1070:83.9
1026:−6.1
1021:−9.4
981:−7.5
966:−5.9
961:−0.5
941:−3.5
936:−9.7
911:−2.1
901:−8.2
896:−1.2
866:−3.3
861:−8.6
836:−6.6
831:−4.3
821:10.3
816:14.3
811:15.2
806:12.1
791:−2.6
786:−5.4
781:−9.4
771:26.1
756:17.2
751:21.7
746:25.6
741:26.1
736:23.3
731:22.2
726:18.9
700:Dec
697:Nov
694:Oct
691:Sep
688:Aug
685:Jul
682:Jun
679:May
676:Apr
673:Mar
670:Feb
667:Jan
478:The
467:and
299:Nile
219:The
150:Type
3122:WWF
3102:CEC
2534:Bow
2408:Elk
2079:Ram
1994:Elk
1984:Bow
1405:12
1402:11
1399:10
1381:13
1378:15
1375:15
1372:17
1361:57
1349:11
1346:12
1343:13
1340:14
1311:13
1308:13
1305:12
1302:14
1299:14
1296:13
1293:15
1290:11
1287:10
1284:14
1281:13
1278:15
1240:2.1
1235:1.4
1190:2.8
1185:1.9
1155:7.1
1150:3.1
1145:0.8
1140:0.9
1135:0.9
956:2.7
951:2.9
946:0.2
891:5.0
886:8.6
881:9.1
876:6.2
871:2.8
841:3.3
826:3.5
801:9.1
796:3.1
766:3.9
761:8.9
721:6.7
716:9.4
711:4.4
650:ETf
329:to
3178::
1667:.
1616:.
1594:^
1582:^
1553:^
1526:^
1508:^
1490:.
1479:^
1454:^
1396:2
1393:0
1390:1
1387:1
1384:5
1358:0
1355:0
1352:4
1337:2
1334:1
1331:0
1328:0
1325:0
648::
530:,
460:.
421::
293:,
1942:e
1935:t
1928:v
1804:.
1781:.
1747:.
1715:.
1683:.
1652:.
1626:.
1502:.
1473:.
644:(
268:S
264:N
195:)
27:.
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