Columbus Delano - Knowledge (XXG)

31: 1318:. Grant's ultimate goal was to convert the Indians to Christianity and assimilate them into the white culture in order to prepare them for full U.S. Citizenship; these fundamental principles continued to influence Indian Peace policy for the rest of the 19th Century. According to Delano, relocating the Indians to reservations was of primary importance, since this would supposedly protect them from the violence of white settlers as whites moved onto lands previously held by Native Americans. In addition, Christian organizations and missionaries operating on these reservations could "civilize" the Native Americans, in line with the widespread belief (including Delano's) that allowing the Indians to continue to practice their own culture would lead to their destruction. In Delano's view, his actions would accomplish Grant's goal by facilitating Indian assimilation into white culture. 1207:, incorporating Hayden's findings and discoveries and creating Yellowstone, the world's first national park. The law provided that the Secretary of the Interior exercise "exclusive control" over Yellowstone; As Delano was the incumbent, this made him the first overseer of the first national park in the world. The poaching of fish and wildlife, including bison, was forbidden, and Delano was authorized to preserve the "natural curiosities and wonders" found inside the park. Delano was now in charge of millions of acres of land, however, he was not provided any funding to care for it. Instead, he was given the power to grant 10-year leases in order to raise money to pay for maintaining the park. As soon as the park was created, Delano was inundated by requests for hotel concessions, and he also had to determine the control and use of existing facilities in the park's northern section. 1649:, did not complain about his departmental duties, and immediately investigated allegations of corruption. Chandler found things differently than Delano's explanations to Grant and decided the department needed major reforming. During his first month in office, he fired all the clerks in one room of the Patent Office; he noted that every desk was vacant, and concluded that the employees were either involved in corruption or lacked the integrity to reform the department. Almost twenty employees were found to be entirely fictitious; they had been created by a profiteering ring to defraud the government by falsely receiving pay for work that was not performed. Chandler also fired unqualified clerks who profiteered by hiring out their work to lower-paid replacements and pocketing the salary difference. 1534:, who was given legal authority by Congress in 1870 to appoint sutlers to traderships at Army posts near Indian reservations, which were controlled by Interior. Belknap, who had awarded Orvil Grant the four traderships, took advantage of the law to personally profit by arranging an illicit partnership at Fort Sill between his wife Carrie, Caleb P. Marsh, and sutler John S. Evans. After Carrie's death, Belknap married her sister Amanda, who continued the illicit tradership arrangement. Belknap's household received as much as $ 20,000 in illegal profits (nearly $ 500,000 in 2021), which Belknap needed in order to finance the lavish Washington D.C. entertainment lifestyle expected of cabinet members and other prominent political figures. 1681:

On the day of the assault he was in the company of Walter H. Smith, formerly solicitor of the Department of the Interior; Wright was accused of provoking a fight by questioning Delano's honesty as Secretary of the Interior and then striking Delano with his walking stick. Wright claimed that Delano had been verbally harassing him and that he then felt compelled to defend himself. Delano did not sustain serious injuries; Wright's defense was weakened by witness testimony that after the assault, he claimed credit for it, and stated that he would have continued if passers-by had not intervened. Wright was sentenced to 30 days in jail and fined $ 1,000. On April 8, 1880, President

5987: 1388:. The Sioux believed the amount offered by Congress was too low; recognizing that they would eventually lose the Black Hills, Red Cloud decided to negotiate and told Delano they would sign away the Black Hills if $ 25,000 in cash was first drawn from the Treasury Department, to ensure that the Sioux would be paid. Delano had no intention of giving Red Cloud cash, but rather a receipt for $ 25,000 from the Treasury and additional presents purchased at a later date and distributed to members of the tribe. Red Cloud insisted that he wanted the $ 25,000 in cash at the signing, which would be taken home and divided among the members of the tribe. 1333: 1400:

because they would at least receive something of value in consideration for signing away valueless hunting rights. He also informed Red Cloud that whites were going to take over the Black Hills anyway, so it would be best not to leave empty-handed. Concerned that they would not be paid if they signed an agreement first, Red Cloud asked Grant to withdraw the money from the Treasury, and hold it until after the signing. Grant refused and walked out, telling Red Cloud he had to sign over the Black Hills before any payment was made. On June 4, Delano offered Red Cloud an additional $ 25,000 in appropriations, but Red Cloud refused.

1302:. Delano argued that the Congressional Reconstruction Acts had been passed to "rescue order and government out of the chaos and confusion" that came from the Civil War. This included the enfranchisement of African Americans, most of them former slaves, who had been set "forever free" as a result of the war. Delano stated that if freedom meant anything it was that African Americans "should stand equal before the law and have a voice in legislation." According to Delano, southerners who rejected Republican Reconstruction opted for a subversive war against African Americans and white Republicans, including the formation of the 906: 6825: 6547: 1823: 1743: 1623:'s jurisdiction. In addition, the Indian Bureau dealt with many "intricate, delicate, and vexatious questions" growing out of previous Indian treaties. Delano further informed Grant that when he had to decide issues between competing claimants, those he ruled against often gave false and misleading statements rather than accept their loss, which was to Delano's detriment. Delano concluded by claiming a successful tenure, informing Grant that the Interior Department "has never been in a more prosperous or better condition than it now is." 1030:, mostly women and children. Twenty-eight children were kidnapped by the militia and held as ransom for the Apache warriors, who were not present at the time of the massacre. The people of Tucson drew national attention by the scale of their activity, resulting in Eastern philanthropists and President Grant denouncing their actions. Arizona citizens, however, believed the killings were justified and claimed that Apache warriors had killed mail runners and settlers near Tucson. President Grant sent Major General 1547: 1838:, America's and the world's first national park. The charges of misconduct and lax management made during Delano's tenure at the Interior did not include the new park, the management of which was seen as a success. Among its features, it outlawed poaching wildlife and served as a haven for small numbers of free-roaming bison, left after the slaughter of the great herds that, with the exception of Yellowstone, Delano had fully supported. On August 25, 1916, Congress created the 1496: 1122: 1468:, Grant's Secretary of the Treasury, stating that Surveyor General Silas Reed had made several corrupt contracts which financially benefited John Delano. Stevens also said both Reed and John Delano had blackmailed five deputy surveyors for $ 5,000. According to Stevens, Reed and Delano had coerced the deputy surveyors to pay John Delano before he would release the Interior Department warrants for land the deputy surveyors had sold to prospective settlers. Governor 1978: 1215:

banker. In 1874 Lanford requested that Delano petition Congress for appropriations to protect the park from poachers, unlicensed privateers, and trespassers. Delano agreed and demanded Congress appropriate $ 100,000 to set up a federal park agency to administer and protect the park for the public, and also asked for an increase in the terms of the concession leases from 10 to 20 years. The proposal was turned down; it was not until April 1877, during the

422: 863:; despite having received warnings of corruption including bribery of federal officials and failure to pay taxes, Delano took little or no action. The department did attempt to prevent the illegal manufacture and sale of whiskey in other areas; on January 31, 1870, an Internal Revenue raid in Georgia captured 18 illicit whiskey stills and their operators. The Whiskey Ring was finally stopped in 1875 during Grant's second term by Secretary of the Treasury 6069: 1734:. The corruption under Delano in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, an agency within the Interior Department, in particular eventually led to the end of agency being part of the political appointee and career civil servant systems and pushed it toward bureaucratization. Delano later defended his reputation by saying that the Interior Department was difficult to manage due to its expanding size and its many offices with disparate functions. 1653:

Affairs to be the most corrupt, and he replaced its commissioner and chief clerk. In addition to Indian Affairs, Chandler also investigated the Pension Bureau. This review resulted in the identification and removal of numerous fraudulent pensions, which saved the federal government hundreds of thousands of dollars. Chandler also revoked as many as 800 fraudulent land grants that had been approved during Delano's tenure.

1189: 867:. The ring leader, John McDonald was an acquaintance of President Grant and had requested from him a political appointment as superintending inspector of internal revenue in St. Louis. Grant then directed Delano to make the appointment. McDonald was convicted of fraud and theft and served 17 months in prison. In all, the investigation of the Whiskey Ring resulted in 110 convictions. Grant's private secretary, 1392: 1638: 959: 632: 1563:, who quickly initiated civil service and other reforms in the Department of the Interior. Delano's administration was investigated by Congress, Chandler, and a special presidential commission; his personal conduct was exonerated, but his reputation as an honest, capable administrator was damaged, and Delano never again ran for office or served in an appointed one. In April 1876, 1693: 1237:

increased at a rapid rate and became a source of numerous administrative problems. For the department head, controlling the bureaus and shaping policy was a daunting task; Delano argued that the complexities of the department made implementing civil service reform impractical. Under Delano's tenure, corruption permeated the whole department, including bogus agents in the

1245:. Delano ultimately resigned because of evidence that surveying contracts had been awarded to companies in which his son John, the chief clerk of the department, and Orvil (or Orville) Grant, the president's brother, had ownership interests; this was more or less permissible by the standards of the day, but to reform-minded individuals, including the editors of the 1306:. Delano said the Ku Klux Klan had in fourteen North Carolina counties killed 18 people and cruelly whipped 315 Republicans who had done nothing wrong. Delano said that evidence presented in prosecuting Klan members in the federal courts proved the "barbarity and treason" of the Ku Klux Klan. Grant ended up winning North Carolina and many other Southern states. 1892:) and rules, the Act put 11 percent of the federal workforce under civil service law, and reestablished the Civil Service Commission, to regulate political assessments and payoffs. Good men were appointed by Arthur to run the commission, and surprisingly, Arthur was friendly to reformers. The passage of the act was motivated by the assassination of President 2013: 938:

department required knowledge of dissimilar duties, and the ability to master complex details. During Delano's time as secretary, he faced several critical issues and his department was rapidly expanding; despite the challenges he served longer in the job than any other 19th-century incumbent. Delano aligned himself with Grant's private secretary

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controversy, while fraud prevailed in his Interior Department. There were accusations of an "Indian Ring" and corrupt agents who exploited Native American people. Westerners unhappy with Delano's rulings on land grants and other issues accused Delano's son John, an employee of the Interior Department, of corruption, bribery, and fraud in the

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decades, however, as Yellowstone bisons increased in number, herds were reduced, believing the animals had caused overgrazing. The practice of reducing the Yellowstone bison population ceased in 1968. However, by the 2000s, the reduction of Yellowstone bison herds resumed, "due to increasing numbers and litigation about migration into

1881:, a reformer, over his removal and jailing of the Ponca Indians. On December 18, 1880, a commission appointed Hayes, began an investigation of the department's treatment of the Ponca. On January 25, 1881, the commission reported to President Hayes the treatment of the Ponca was "needlessly disastrous and cruel". 1722:. Historians, however, are critical of Delano's overall tenure as Secretary of the Interior, especially for his loose anti-reform administrative style and for allowing corruption to permeate the department. As such, Delano was at odds with many of Grant's other Cabinet members, including Secretary of State 983:. Dodge said in 1867, "Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone." Delano said in an 1872 annual report, "The rapid disappearance of the game from the former hunting-grounds must operate largely in favor of our efforts to confine the Indians to smaller areas, and compel them to abandon their nomadic customs." 1688:

On December 3, 1889, Delano was elected president of the National Wool Growers Association, a lobbying group organized to advocate for tariff protection of the national wool industry. The association had been formed in 1865, and became more active in the 1880s as a response to the decline in domestic

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On April 3, 1880, John W. Wright, a judge from Indiana, was convicted at trial of having assaulted Delano on a Washington, D.C. street corner on October 12, 1877. Wright, who had been an Indian Agent in the Interior Department while Delano was secretary, had been convicted of fraud and blamed Delano.

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Aware that the U.S. House was investigating him, on March 2, 1876, Belknap visited Grant and immediately resigned. The House continued its inquiry and found him guilty of five articles of impeachment. Grant's attorney general placed Belknap under house arrest during his U.S. Senate trial. Though most

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civil rights. Railroad interests and African-American civil rights had been priorities for the Republican Party; on behalf of Huntington and Gould, Delano twice asked Akerman to change rulings that had gone against the Union Pacific, and both times Akerman refused. Delano then complained to Grant and

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did not have the constitutional authority to establish civil government in the former Confederate states. Delano argued that Congress, not the president, "was required to establish civil governments in all the states." In Delano's view, Johnson and Southern Democrats, who had previously supported the

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On July 14, 1834, Delano married Elizabeth Leavenworth of Mount Vernon, the daughter of M. Martin Leavenworth and Clara Sherman Leavenworth. Their children included daughter Elizabeth (1838–1904), who was the wife of Reverend John G. Ames of Washington, DC, and son John Sherman Delano (1841–1896), a

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serving under both Interior secretaries Cox and Delano. Although there was resistance to his appointment, the Senate confirmed Parker could legally hold office, and he was confirmed by the Senate. During Parker's tenure, lasting until August 1871, Indian wars decreased significantly from 101 in 1869

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In addition, Chandler simplified Patent Office rules, making patents easier to obtain and reducing the cost for applicants. In December 1875, Chandler banned persons known as "Indian Attorneys", whose claims to represent Native Americans in Washington were questionable. He found the Bureau of Indian

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surveying contracts without having been trained in surveying or map-making, and without providing any meaningful contribution to the fulfillment of the contracts; the obvious implication was John Delano had taken extortion money from illicit contract agreements. In March 1875, the former chief clerk

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Delano warned Grant that a war would likely break out if negotiations were not successful. When negotiations broke down, Grant was brought into the process to bargain directly with Red Cloud. Grant told Red Cloud that the Black Hills had no buffalo, so it would benefit the Indians to accept payment

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Under Article 12 of Grant's executive order, Land Office and Pension agent applicants in the Department of Interior were to be approved by a board of examiners. Delano, however, betrayed Grant and defied the order. Grant made no response. The Interior Department's varied and diverse responsibilities

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the legislation in 1874, accepting that the bison slaughter was accomplishing the goal of pacifying the Indians. From 1872 to 1874 the Indians killed approximately 1,215,000 bison as part of providing for their food, shelter, and other basic needs; American hunters slaughtered an estimated 4,374,000

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to chair the commission. The Commission reported that appointments and promotions would be controlled by examiners, and each federal department would create a board of examiners, while political assessments would be abolished. Grant ordered the implementation of the rules to be effective on January

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the first Supervisor of Yellowstone in 1872; Langford banned private toll roads and submitted a plan to build and maintain a park road system free to the public, but Congress refused to fund it. Congress also refused to give Langford a stipend, so he had to supplement his livelihood by working as a

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slaughter. Yellowstone is considered Delano's greatest achievement, where bison and other wildlife were legally protected. He was viewed an effective first administrator of America's first national park. While in office, Delano was an outspoken supporter of black American rights and opponent of the

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herd size to about two dozen animals. The U.S. Army, which administered Yellowstone, prior to the creation of the National Park Service, took over and protected the last remaining bison from further poaching. Bison from private herds were incorporated into Yellowstone, forming a northern herd. For

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In March 1871, Grant signed into law Congressional legislation that established the United States Civil Service Commission, designed to create reform rules and to regulate and reduce corruption in the federal workforce. Implementation of the rules was left to the discretion of the President. Grant

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and removing him from office, and argued that Grant should be protected by Congress from any attempt by Johnson to remove him. Unknown to Delano, on August 11, 1867, Grant had agreed to accept Johnson's offer to serve as interim Secretary of War, while simultaneously remaining general of the army.

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demanded that Grant fire Delano. Grant declined, telling Fish, "If Delano were now to resign, it would be retreating under fire and be accepted as an admission of the charges." The controversy did not abate; by mid-August, it became clear that Delano could not remain in office; Delano offered his

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In 1875, Delano's reputation for personal honesty came under increasing scrutiny as revelations of corruption in the Grant administration continued to be the subject of investigations and media revelations. Although Delano himself was not known to be personally corrupt, his tenure was shadowed by

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observations. Delano stated that Hayden's expedition was directed to "...secure as much information as possible, both scientific and practical...give your attention to the geological, mineralogical, zoological, botanical, and agricultural resources of the country." Delano also ordered Hayden to

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rancher, and served as president of the National Association of Wool Growers and the Ohio Wool Growers Association. He was also active in other businesses; he was president of the Springfield, Mount Vernon & Pittsburgh Railroad, and an original incorporator of the First National Bank of Mount

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In 1898, historian Joseph Patterson Smith said Delano had attained, "a long and distinguished career, as an eminent lawyer, an able businessman and one intimately identified with the governmental affairs of the state and nation." In 2001, historian Jean Edward Smith, taking a harsher view, said

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On September 26, 1875, Delano submitted to Grant a letter defending his tenure at the Department of the Interior; in essence, he argued that the size and complexity of his department made it difficult to manage effectively. Delano stated that he had resigned because he intended to return to his

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and could lead to an Indian war. Delano told Grant that a "general war with the Sioux would be deplorable. It would undo the good already accomplished by our efforts for peaceable relations." Whites immediately flocked to the area in search of gold; in 1875, Congress appropriated $ 25,000 (~$

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With Red Cloud's refusal, Delano reluctantly let the Indians take the unsigned agreement back to their tribal agencies for further discussion among the members of the tribe, with final terms and signatures to be negotiated later by an appointed commission. The failure of the Washington, D.C.

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in 1871, and becoming America's first national park overseer in 1872. In 1874, Delano requested that Congress protect Yellowstone through the creation of a federally funded administrative agency, the first Secretary of the Interior to request such preservation of a nationally important site.

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Grant appointed Delano to succeed Cox at the Interior Department; he served from November 1, 1870, until resigning on October 19, 1875. During Delano's tenure, the Interior Department was the largest bureaucracy in the federal government, including numerous patronage positions. Running the

1510:, at the expense of the Indians and soldiers. The higher the sale price on goods, that the Indians and soldiers would pay, the higher the profits. Even the sale of rifles to hostile Indian tribes was allowed, to make more money. The profits were split and sent to the other sutler partners. 1487:, although Orvil did no work. The chief clerk of the Cheyenne branch of the federal Surveying Office testified before Congress concerning Orvil. When asked whether Orvil did any work in the Wyoming Territory, the chief clerk said, "No, sir, I do not think he was ever in the territory." 1806:, and religion. Without the bison, the Plains Indians could not resist late 19th-century expansionism, including the development of the railroads in the American West. This policy led to more restrictive measures against Native Americans in the 1880s and 1890s, including the banning of 1774:

to serve as secretary of the interior. She was confirmed by the Senate on March 15, 2021, by a vote of 51–40. Following her swearing-in on March 16, she became the first Native American to serve as a Cabinet secretary and the second to serve in the Cabinet, after Republican former

839:, the appointment would be temporary until the U.S. Senate returned to session in January 1868, and either ratified or prohibited Stanton's removal. Johnson and Grant agreed to Grant's temporary appointment despite explicitly admitting that they disagreed on Reconstruction policy. 761:

and played a notable role in shepherding the passage of legislation in support of the Union war effort. Delano served as Chairman of the Judicial Committee and settled the matter of the right of soldiers to vote. Delano served as Chairman of the Ohio delegation that attended the

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to find them a location where they could be protected from attacks by white settlers. Delano advocated that all Apaches be put on reservations including young men and warriors, who were forming raiding parties, rather than just their old men and women. Grant sent Major General

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senators believed the evidence of Belknap's corruption, enough believed they lacked the jurisdiction to punish Belknap because he was no longer in office to acquit him. Despite escaping conviction, Belknap's reputation was so marred that he never returned to political office.

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Delano was traditionally viewed a 19th Century American "major mover and shaker." However, historians have strongly criticized Delano's weak oversight of the Interior, allowing rampant corruption, and for his treatment of Native Americans and endorsement of the Plains Indian

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Delano was rumored to have threatened Grant at Long Branch that he would expose Orvil to the public when Delano's resignation was enforced. He told Grant that he would quietly leave office after Congressional Indian fraud investigations were complete. In February 1876, the

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reported that Orvil made money in the Sioux country by "starving the squaws and children." Orvil testified before Congress that Grant had influenced the War Department to get him traderships. Orvil received rights to operate four trading posts, then set up "partners" who

501:, ceding their land to the United States, and assimilating them into white culture. The goal was for Indian tribes to be independent of federal funding. To compel the Native tribes to move to reservations, Delano supported the slaughter to the near extinction of the vast 465:

Delano advocated federal protection of African-Americans' civil rights, and argued that the former Confederate states should be administered by the federal government, but not as part of the United States until they met the requirements for readmission to the Union.

1802:, in order to compel the Indians to move to and remain on their reservations, a policy approved by President Grant and the U.S. Army. The demise of the bison herds during Delano's tenure led to the destruction of the Plains Indian culture, including their economy, 6920: 986:

Much of the destruction of bison was done by private, for-profit buffalo hunters; this policy allowed the slaughter of millions of bison on the American plains, forcing Indians to move to and remain on their reservations. The few free-roaming bison left in

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During the Civil War, Union generals practiced a "scorched earth" campaign against Confederate infrastructure that destroyed its vital food supplies, which aided in bringing about the Union's victory. During the late 1860s and early 1870s U.S. Army officers

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1, 1872. Grant dissolved the commission in 1874 after Congress refused to make the Commission rules permanent, and refused to provide permanent funding for the commission. Congressional interest in civil service reform would remain dormant until 1883.

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resignation and Grant accepted, but Grant did not make it public. Grant finally announced his acceptance of Delano's resignation on October 19, 1875, after Bristow threatened to resign if Delano was not replaced. Grant replaced Delano with

1422:, challenged Red Cloud's authority and started the armed resistance about which Delano had warned Grant. This challenge to Red Cloud's authority combined with Lakota unhappiness over white encroachment into the Black Hills resulted in the 934:, as did the New Idria Mining Company. Grant wanted no executive branch action taken, considering both claims to be fraudulent; Cox and Hoar disagreed and decided in favor of New Idria, which prompted Grant to request their resignations. 1054:, a permanent settlement, was established at the junction of the San Carlos and Gila Rivers, the location having been agreed upon by Howard and Eskiminzin. In October 1872, Howard also made a separate peace treaty with the Apache leader 1927:), a Democrat, was investigated by Congress. Vilas was a stockholder of the Superior Lumber Company and was suspected of profiteering. In 1889, the Senate investigation report concluded that Vilas did not personally profiteer. 6910: 1364:'s recent expedition. Grant sent the expedition, hoping to find gold in order to support his species currency policy; Delano opposed the move, believing travel through and eventual occupation of hunting grounds violated the 532:

at a time when reformer demands for a federal merit system were gaining support. Delano returned to Ohio to practice law, tend to his business interests, and raise livestock; he did not return to politics and died in 1896.

859:; these items could be produced for sale tax-free within the territory, but manufacturers routinely sold them in adjacent states without paying the taxes. He also proved unwilling or unable to cope with the frauds of the 1872:

In the aftermath of Delano's departure and retirement from the Interior in 1875 and Chandler reforms, the large department still experienced scandals but was much less pervasive than during Delano's tenure. During the

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Pension Bureau Commissioner. Raum was accused of taking kickback loans to expedite pension cases. A Democratic House investigation said Raum had "prostituted his office" and should be removed, but Harrison declined.

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business and domestic concerns in Ohio. He indicated that his duties as Secretary of the Interior were "laborious, difficult, and delicate" because he was required to supervise five disparate bureaus or offices:

1281:, a former Confederate soldier, knew of the outrages of the Klan and was zealous in prosecuting white Southerners who terrorized their black neighbors. That October, on Akerman's recommendation, Grant suspended 1705:

Delano died on October 23, 1896; he was interred at Mount Vernon's Mound View Cemetery, Lot 42, Section 16, Grave 4. Delano's death was sudden and unexpected, and took place at his "Lakehome" residence near

5073: 789:(March 4, 1865—March 3, 1867). During this term, Delano was chairman of the House Committee on Claims. Delano appeared to lose his bid for reelection in 1866, but successfully contested the election of 1661:

On his resignation from Grant's cabinet, Delano returned to Mount Vernon where for the next twenty years he served as president of the First National Bank of Mount Vernon. He was a longtime trustee of

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were protected from poaching by a federal law passed in 1872; during Delano's tenure, mounting criticism by the public forced Congress to pass legislation that would stop the bison slaughter on the

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was implicated, but acquitted at trial after Grant provided written testimony on his behalf. Additionally, Delano was cleared of involvement in another scandal in which Babcock was implicated, the

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Believing that the communal, collective, and nomadic lifestyles of Native American tribes led to war and impoverishment, Delano argued that the most humane Indian policy was to force tribes onto

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Delano betrayed his public trust while Secretary of the Interior by allowing corruption to pervade throughout his department, "at the expense of those who most needed government assistance: the

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to federally protect and administer Yellowstone and other national parks; Delano had proposed the creation of the agency in 1874. Yellowstone today generates around 4 million visitors per year.

445:. Forced to live on his own at an early age, Delano struggled to become a self-made man. Delano was elected U.S. Congressman from Ohio, serving two full terms and one partial one. Prior to the 1888:, that made civil service reform permanent, with the goal to reduce corruption and hire persons based on a merit system, rather than patronage. Patterned off Grant's Civil Service Commission ( 528:

and corruption permeated throughout the Interior Department during his tenure, and Grant requested Delano's resignation in 1875; he left office with his reputation damaged. Delano remained a

5986: 3177:"Certain letters of his which have been published in facsimile, indicate the possibility that Lucius N. Littauer, a representative of a New York district in the Lower House of Congress..." 801:, believing that the South was in chaos and that federal involvement in the Southern states, including the army, was necessary to keep the peace. He did not run for reelection in 1868. 30: 6900: 887:

were also implicated; Butterfield was forced to resign in October. Delano's reputation for personal honesty was not in question, which was an asset when Grant needed to nominate a new

855:; Delano served from March 11, 1869, to October 31, 1870. As commissioner, Delano tried with mixed success to collect federal revenue on alcohol and tobacco products manufactured in 1506:

In July 1875, Delano was rumored to know that Orvil Grant, the president's brother, had received Indian trading posts, that were a corrupt source of lucrative kickbacks, from the

6875: 3188:'s Vermont Marble Company received contracts for headstones at military cemeteries and construction of government buildings and monuments while Proctor served in the U.S. Senate. 1435: 578:, where Delano resided for the rest of his life. Delano was raised primarily by Luther Bateman, who died in 1817. After an elementary education Delano worked in a woolen mill in 1766:

In 2021, some 145 years after Delano left office in 1875, the position of secretary of the interior was first filled by a Native American. On December 17, 2020, president-elect

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showing Delano pretending to be Grant's arms, while offering kitchen utensils and a receipt for $ 25,000 to Red Cloud in exchange for the Black Hills, an offer Red Cloud refuses

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Confederacy, were conspiring to overthrow Congress by undermining its authority to make laws concerning Southern Reconstruction. As proof, Delano cited Johnson's September 1866

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half their profits to Orvil. Though Orvil claimed Grant had not known of the kickbacks, he expressed no remorse for his corruption, and his testimony left Grant embarrassed.

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resigned in 1870 because of Grant's decision to overrule them on the issue of the McGarrahan Claims; speculator William McGarrahan claimed title to a tract of mining land in

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On November 10, 1871, Delano advocated Grant that Apaches be given new reservation land in Arizona and New Mexico, following the recommendation of Indian Peace Commissioner

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To bolster the Reconstruction Acts and the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth constitutional amendments, Grant signed in 1870 Congressional legislation that created the

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for president. Delano actively campaigned for Lincoln, who won the presidency. The following year Delano served as Commissary-General of Ohio, on the staff of Governor

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for John Delano's financial benefit, and that Delano thanked Reed while also telling him "to be careful to do nothing that would have the semblance of wrong."

570:. Delano's father died in 1815, when Delano was six years old, and his family was put under the care of his uncle Luther Bateman. In 1817 the family moved to 1103:

as Akerman's replacement; Williams was seen as more favorable to railroad interests. On the issue of curtailing the Klan prosecutions, according to historian

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administration, that Congress appropriated one-tenth of Delano's request, $ 10,000, (~$ 264,082 in 2023) without any federal protection agency for the park.

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settlers. He was instrumental in the establishment of America's first national park, having supervised the first federally funded scientific expedition into

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gather information on Native American tribes who lived in the area. Hayden's expedition was outfitted by an extensive scientific team that included two

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wool production; wool growers faced increasing overseas competition and had gone from 50 million sheep producing wool in 1883 to 40 million in 1888.

2059: 1260: 1107:, "ith Akerman's departure on January 10, 1872, went any hope that the Republican party would develop as a national party of true racial equality." 848: 979:, and Secretary of the Interior Delano adopted a similar strategy against Native Americans in the west, whose primary food supply was free-roaming 686:

in a close general election, and served one term. Delano subsequently became involved in several business ventures; in 1850 he set up a successful

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after appearing on the ballot as a replacement for Samuel White Jr., who had died after winning the Whig nomination. He went on to defeat Democrat

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speech, in which Johnson said the national legislature was a "pretended Congress". In addition, Delano believed Johnson was conspiring to remove

6556: 6288: 6890: 5429: 643: 517: 150: 6588: 6320: 5522: 5487: 5452: 4997: 4844: 4629: 4535: 4511: 4450: 3113: 2892: 2819: 2419: 2030: 1957: 1079: 292: 245: 200: 1710:, at 11:00 AM. Delano's wife had fallen and broken her hip on October 20, an accident unrelated to Delano's death. She died in August 1897. 6476: 4386: 1964:, Grant's appointed Secretary of Treasury, said Secretary Delano was "a very mean dog," and deserved "the execration of every honest man." 1051: 457:; as a Whig, he was identified with the faction of the party that opposed the spread of slavery into the Western territories. He became a 3907: 6614: 6571: 6303: 6231: 3290: 3138:

Note: Many sitting members of the House and Senate received payments and salaries from companies with business before Congress, such as

1776: 786: 722: 659: 1356:

in what is now South Dakota. The Black Hills were the site of Sioux sacred religious rituals and spiritual ceremonies. Following the

757:

by the full legislature. Delano was nearly successful, losing the nomination to Wade by only two votes. In 1863, Delano served in the

1315: 478: 2451: 601:, and in 1834 he won election as Prosecuting Attorney for Knox County. He won reelection in 1836 and served two terms, 1835 to 1839. 6331: 5035: 4973: 4946: 4927: 4889: 4863: 4790: 4763: 4656: 4606: 4583: 4490: 4469: 4330: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2377: 1903:, Commissioner of the Pensions Office, was engaged in political activity, promising expedited approval to petitioners who voted for 1603:

Delano also reminded Grant that the Land Office dealt with complex railroad land grants, as well as issues resolving land titles in

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in part of South Carolina and sent federal troops there to enforce the law. After prosecutions by Akerman and his replacement,

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Delano's career prior to becoming Secretary of the Interior was not known for any scandals, nor has he been implicated in the

6564: 6356: 6296: 6151: 6114: 6031: 5746: 1759: 1274: 920: 900: 880: 662:, (March 4, 1845—March 3, 1847), and was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He also gave a speech denouncing the 560: 5334: 1050:

in May 1872 at Camp Grant. Howard also negotiated the release of six of the captive Apache children. In December 1872, the

6659: 5816: 5556: 5541: 5473: 4378: 2052:– The Bureau of Education is placed under Interior (later transferred to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare). 1996:, was founded on July 14, 1869. The unnamed town was officially named in honor of Columbus Delano, at the time Delano was 1459:

reported that John Delano was profiteering through Interior's Office of the Surveyor-General by accepting partnerships in

1411: 1369:

631,560 in 2023) for the purchase of the Black Hills, hoping that a cash payment would assuage the Sioux and prevent war.

1365: 1345: 831: 758: 224: 4563:"For the Benefit and Enjoyment of the People" A History of Concession Development In Yellowstone National Park, 1872-1966 6604: 6336: 6027: 5721: 3166:

received an annual retainer from the American Sugar Refining Company while sugar companies had business before Congress.

1822: 5322:"Rev. John G. Ames and wife have gone to Ohio, owing to the sudden death of the latter's only brother, Mr. John Delano" 6609: 6011: 5684: 1877:

administration, on May 31, 1880, a Senate committee reported on the Interior Department and Secretary of the Interior

1000:

bison, reducing the population to the point that it could not reproduce normally and continue to sustain the Indians.

836: 1550:

Delano's reputation, after his resignation, was lambasted by the press. An Indian holds Delano's scalp, May 13, 1876.

6809: 1719: 598: 454: 362: 905: 6784: 6774: 4561: 3314: 2001: 1858:." As of August 2019, Yellowstone had 4,829 bison from two herds, 3,667 northern bison, and 1,162 central bison. 1600:, in addition to "a mass of miscellaneous business unknown to any except those connected to the public service." 1116: 594: 450: 357: 4046: 663: 626: 558:

was of French ancestry; its first representative in America, Philip Delano, voyaged from Holland in 1621 on the

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the country was desperate for new wealth. In 1874 rumors spread of gold being discovered in the Black Hills by

1238: 875:, which was triggered when two New York financiers attempted to corner the gold market on September 24, 1869. 830:

as head of the army because of Grant's support for Congressional Reconstruction. As a result, Delano advocated

5141: 1291:, the Klan's power collapsed; by 1872, elections in the South saw African Americans voting in record numbers. 461:

when the party was founded as the major anti-slavery party after the demise of the Whigs in the 1850s. During

1989: 1423: 1414:

in exchange for the original $ 25,000 Congressional appropriation. Another group of Sioux chiefs, including

1314:

In 1873, Delano formally defined the methods to be used in attaining the goals of Grant's policy toward the

1295: 823: 2255: 2174: 6860: 6208: 6004: 5821: 5811: 5677: 2127: 2096:– Congress transferred territorial oversight from the secretary of state to the secretary of the interior. 1075: 754: 5256: 6880: 6634: 6411: 6171: 5241: 5226: 5211: 5196: 5181: 1839: 1827: 1473: 1327: 1288: 1229: 1211: 1100: 750: 4667: 2485:"We find in some of the Ohio papers Columbus Delano proposed as candidate of the Whigs for Governor..." 1546: 3794: 2628: 2626: 2350: 6855: 6850: 6789: 6764: 5926: 5836: 5826: 5354: 1395:

Red Cloud and his party travelling to Washington, D.C. to negotiate selling the Black Hills, May 1875

1083: 976: 742: 730: 5996: 4937:

Weisberger, Bernard A. (2002). "James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur". In Graff, Henry F. (ed.).

2004:. Delano's first post office opened in 1874. The town of Delano was incorporated as a city in 1915. 946:. Delano rejected the civil service reforms of his predecessor Cox and reverted the Interior to the 6895: 6719: 6704: 6654: 6644: 6496: 5906: 5370: 5052: 1938:), an Interior probe investigation found evidence Harrison's appointed Pension Bureau Commissioner 1900: 1874: 1682: 1216: 1144:. Delano gave specific instructions for Hayden to make a geographical map of the area and to make 1141: 1027: 1009: 872: 4702: 1495: 1121: 6749: 6699: 6689: 6684: 6521: 6351: 6276: 6177: 6128: 6122: 6085: 6051: 5871: 5796: 5776: 5766: 5656: 5642: 4819: 4747: 4681: 2455: 2130:, rather they were wards of the state (1871 Act), and their religion was not protected under the 1985: 1707: 1646: 1589: 1560: 1531: 1520: 1499: 1269:. To fight the outrages in the South by the Ku Klux Klan, Grant signed several laws known as the 1104: 1043: 972: 876: 868: 810: 775: 738: 712: 571: 494: 462: 446: 338: 88: 2541: 674:

Delano did not run for reelection in 1846, instead campaigning for the 1848 Whig nomination for

516:

Concerning government reform, Delano defied Grant's 1872 executive order to implement the first

3176: 2944: 2409: 6619: 6599: 6516: 6506: 6501: 6491: 6466: 6461: 6451: 6245: 6220: 6140: 5841: 5741: 5736: 5603: 5586: 5561: 5031: 5008: 4993: 4969: 4942: 4923: 4885: 4873: 4859: 4840: 4796: 4786: 4759: 4726: 4717: 4698:

Letters and Memorials of Wendell Phillips Garrison, Literary Editor of "The Nation", 1865-1906

4673: 4652: 4635: 4625: 4621: 4602: 4598: 4579: 4569:. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources. 4531: 4507: 4501: 4486: 4465: 4446: 4326: 3918: 3778: 3109: 3103: 2888: 2882: 2815: 2504: 2415: 2373: 2367: 2306: 2290: 2274: 1931: 1912: 1893: 1484: 1477: 1442: 1192: 1019: 943: 582:, and at other manual laboring jobs, becoming largely self-sufficient while still a teenager. 575: 551: 482: 321: 141: 129: 5102: 4834: 4809: 4737: 4370: 3996:"Deb Haaland makes history as first Native American Cabinet member after Senate confirmation" 2028:) are named after Delano. Delano Peak, in Utah, has an elevation of 12,174 ft (3,711 m). 1046:

to Arizona to help resolve the issue; Howard organized a peace conference with Apache leader

589:, Delano formally trained with Mount Vernon attorney Hosmer Curtis from 1830 to 1831, and he 6779: 6739: 6679: 6669: 6639: 6471: 6431: 6406: 6386: 6264: 6159: 6097: 6034: 5936: 5911: 5876: 5861: 5831: 5806: 5791: 5756: 5669: 5631: 5618: 5571: 5533: 5508: 5498: 5023: 4961: 4915: 4774: 4264: 3185: 3153: 3129: 1977: 1961: 1920: 1916: 1727: 1469: 1465: 1455: 1270: 1251:

and other newspapers, it represented a conflict of interest and breach of the public trust.

1247: 1200: 1095: 923: 909: 864: 856: 827: 790: 695: 675: 647: 614: 498: 470: 179: 117: 76: 64: 6769: 6759: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6709: 6694: 6531: 6486: 6481: 6421: 6371: 6239: 6214: 6165: 5971: 5951: 5931: 5866: 5781: 5438: 4983: 3812: 1939: 1904: 1731: 1666: 1483:

In addition to Delano's son, Grant's brother Orvil was paid for surveying services in the

1381: 1278: 1071: 1015: 939: 726: 579: 269: 4696: 2232: 2230: 1884:

In January 1883, President Arthur signed into law the landmark legislation, known as the

1685:

pardoned Wright, with his release from custody conditional upon the payment of the fine.

5094: 3868: 3866: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 1099:

suggested that Akerman should be removed. Grant agreed, and named former Oregon Senator

1034:

to keep the peace in Arizona; many Apaches had joined the U.S. military for protection.

6714: 6629: 6456: 6416: 6396: 6391: 6366: 6103: 5886: 5846: 5731: 4439: 3163: 3139: 1783: 1662: 1038: 818: 683: 510: 502: 5400: 3886: 3884: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3830: 3828: 3826: 1188: 6844: 6799: 6754: 6624: 6441: 6202: 6183: 6134: 6057: 5941: 5921: 5901: 5891: 5881: 5856: 5392: 4779: 4711: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2046:– Interior's Pacific Wagon Road Office improved the historic western emigrant routes. 1993: 1943: 1908: 1885: 1867: 1755: 1747: 1723: 1555: 1377: 1361: 1357: 1283: 1242: 1166: 1158: 947: 746: 555: 529: 525: 442: 4323:

California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State

1391: 6814: 6804: 6649: 6446: 6436: 6361: 5961: 5916: 5896: 5711: 5387: 4752: 3748: 3746: 2025: 1807: 1670: 1415: 1349: 1303: 1299: 1170: 1145: 1091: 1031: 992: 927: 860: 682:

by two votes at the January 1848 party convention; Ford went on to defeat Democrat

679: 635: 477:

during a time of rapid Westward expansionism, and contended with conflicts between

5406: 4258: 4125: 2522:"Ohio: The Whigs of Ohio held a mass convention on the 19th inst., at Columbus..." 2000:, during the Grant administration. The name of Delano was officially given by the 1637: 638:

defeated Delano by two votes to become Ohio's Whig candidate for governor in 1848.

4987: 4525: 4349: 1915:, a Republican, did nothing to stop the practice. In 1888, Secretary of Interior 437:(June 4, 1809 – October 23, 1896) was an American lawyer, rancher, banker, 6921:

Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio

6744: 6536: 6526: 5976: 5956: 5946: 5851: 5771: 4521: 4434: 4285: 3200:"Delano and his Friends: An Example of the Ways in Which the Indians are Robbed" 2871:

New York Times (November 11, 1871), Sec. Delano's Letter Relating to the Apaches

2733: 2062: 2021: 1878: 1835: 1799: 1771: 1476:, claimed that John Delano had accepted a $ 1,200 bribe from a Colorado banker, 1419: 1385: 1353: 1174: 1137: 996: 988: 884: 814: 687: 586: 521: 506: 486: 5383: 1018:

townspeople organized a militia, consisting of 6 Americans, 48 Mexicans and 94

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businessman who also worked with his father at the Department of the Interior.

6511: 5966: 5801: 5074:"Genocide by Other Means: U.S. Army Slaughtered Buffalo in Plains Indian Wars" 5014: 4552: 3709: 3707: 3705: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2084:

Yellowstone sponsored by the federal government. Delano instructed the survey.

1780: 1692: 1612: 1604: 1568: 1527: 1149: 1059: 1047: 931: 734: 438: 5321: 5307: 5293: 5279: 4800: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 3199: 2521: 2484: 1404:

negotiations to produce an agreement was lampooned in the June 19 edition of

6794: 4000: 3154:"Corruption in the Gilded Age Senate: Nelson W. Aldrich and the Sugar Trust" 1942:

took "lavish and illegal handouts". Tanner resigned and Harrison appointed

1811: 1803: 1767: 1373: 1162: 1087: 797:, June 3, 1868—March 3, 1869. After the Civil War Delano supported Radical 566: 5412: 4958:

It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West

4878: 4639: 4965: 2529:. Middlebury, VT. February 1, 1848. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com. 1846: 1154: 1082:. Ackerman's anti-railroad rulings were protested by railroad financiers 785:

Delano was again elected to the U.S. House in 1864, and he served in the

2492:. Middlebury, VT. August 17, 1847. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com. 2012: 4906: 4651:. Vol. 1–2. University of Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 4649:

The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians

4412: 3783:. Toledo, OH: Franklin Printing & Engraving. pp. 96, 113, 114. 2034:

Mount Delano, in Montana, has an elevation of 10,138 ft (3090 m).

1855: 1608: 1460: 1055: 5301:. Harrisburg, PA. April 8, 1880. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. 5287:. Lebanon, PA. October 13, 1877. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. 694:, which specialized in railroad bonds; it included a branch office in 666:

which earned him national recognition as an opponent of the conflict.

3207:. New York, NY. April 30, 1875. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. 1911:, the Republicans President and Vice President candidates. President 1620: 1507: 1298:, on July 24, 1872, Delano spoke out in favor of prosecutions of the 1178: 1023: 847:

Delano remained active in politics and supported Grant for president

698:

and operated for five years. In addition, Delano became a successful

4669:

Zachariah Chandler An Outline Sketch of His Life and Public Services

4151: 4149: 4147: 3819:. Washington, DC: Council of Independent Colleges. November 1, 2006. 3813:"Lakeholm Administration Building, Mount Vernon Nazarene University" 1294:

In a campaign speech supporting President Grant's reelection bid in

1273:

in 1870 and 1871. In May 1871, Grant ordered federal troops to help

554:, on June 4, 1809, the son of James Delano and Lucinda Bateman. The 2845: 617:

were distant cousins; they had great-great-grandparents in common.

5030:. New York, New York: Delacorte Press. pp. 187–190, 191–196. 4922:. New York, New York: Delacorte Press. pp. 163–176, 181–186. 3160:. Washington, DC: United States Capitol Historical Society: 14–38. 2369:

Politics & Peril: Mount Vernon, Ohio in the Nineteenth Century

2011: 1976: 1850: 1834:

Delano was the first Secretary of the Interior to be in charge of

1821: 1795: 1741: 1691: 1636: 1616: 1545: 1494: 1390: 1331: 1187: 1120: 980: 957: 904: 851:. When Grant became president in March 1869, he appointed Delano 793:. After unseating Morgan, Delano served for the remainder of the 766:. Lincoln was successfully nominated for a second term of office. 699: 630: 538: 5394:

The Department of Everything Else: Highlights of Interior History

5057:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774-Present

2457:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774-Present

1830:

was created in 1916. Delano had recommended its creation in 1874.

6911:

Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives

4024:"Deb Haaland confirmed as first Indigenous US cabinet secretary" 2509:. Madison, WI: Northwestern Historical Association. p. 289. 1182: 156: 6560: 6292: 6000: 5673: 5660: 5416: 2585: 4441:

The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace

2969: 2967: 2699: 2697: 2090:– Congress establishes Yellowstone as the first National Park. 5329:. Washington, DC. August 15, 1896 – via Newspapers.com. 3573: 3571: 3569: 3469: 3467: 717:

With the demise of the Whigs, Columbus Delano joined the new

3752: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3696: 3442: 3440: 3262: 3260: 3258: 2720: 2632: 1794:

Delano has also received criticism for allowing millions of

1565:

The Committee on the Expenditures in the Interior Department

5010:

Williams' Ohio State Register and Business Mirror, for 1857

4941:. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 269–292. 4858:. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 269–292. 3515: 3513: 3228: 3226: 3182:. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers: 1178. July 18, 1903. 2954: 2952: 2295:. Chicago, IL: Lewis Publishing Company. 1902. p. 189. 2276:

A History of Knox County, Ohio, from 1779 to 1862 Inclusive

1132:

In 1871, Delano organized America's first federally funded

3795:"The Collegian: The Lost Landmarks of Kenyon; Delano Hall" 2645: 2643: 2117:

said that Delano was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1832.

5315:. Elwood, IN. August 14, 1896 – via Newspapers.com. 5159:"Native tribes have lost 99% of their land in the United" 5123:"Meet Columbus Delano, Mount Vernon's mover & shaker" 4785:. New York, New York: Dell Publishing. pp. 115–140. 4344: 4342: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3500: 3498: 3142:'s annual retainer of $ 20,000 from an insurance company. 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2887:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 210. 2355:. New York, NY: Sheldon & Company. pp. 169, 173. 1530:

of this Indian Ring was not Delano, but Secretary of War

1380:(Sioux), and other Indian tribal leaders were brought to 16:

American politician and Secretary of Interior (1809–1896)

5335:"HON. COLUMBUS DELANO DIES SUDDENLY AT HIS HOME IN OHIO" 4252: 4250: 4248: 3953: 3951: 3341: 3339: 4836:

Elias Cornelius Boudinot: A Life on the Cherokee Border

4310:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 86. 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 3917:. City of Mount Vernon, Ohio. p. 9. Archived from 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3073: 3071: 3069: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2546:. Columbus, OH: Fred J. Heer, State Printer. p. 5. 2391: 2389: 2352:

The Ancestry of General Grant, and Their Contemporaries

2333: 1277:

in arresting Klansmen. Grant's second Attorney General

4260:

The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States

4132:. National Park Service Yellowstone. February 21, 2020 3245: 3243: 3241: 3108:. New York, NY: Garland Publishing, Inc. p. 246. 3044: 3042: 2236: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 4548:

Yellowstone National Park: Historical and Descriptive

4120: 4118: 4106: 2884:

Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier

2814:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 207. 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 1899:

Scandals continued to periodically surface. In 1884,

1436:

Ulysses S. Grant presidential administration scandals

5376:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

5028:

Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct

4920:

Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct

4781:

Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct

3872: 733:, and aided in raising and equipping troops for the 6255: 6230: 6193: 6150: 6113: 6076: 6042: 4773:McFeely, William S. (1974). "Ulysses S. Grant". In 4578:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 4325:. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 1025. 2855: 2853: 2372:. Zanesville, OH: New Concord, Press. p. 185. 1090:. Akerman was also instrumental in prosecuting the 416: 408: 400: 374: 353: 345: 328: 308: 303: 287: 275: 263: 240: 230: 218: 195: 185: 173: 147: 135: 123: 113: 94: 82: 70: 60: 41: 21: 6587:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 6319:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 5320: 5306: 5292: 5278: 4877: 4778: 4751: 4438: 3890: 3854: 3834: 3780:General Catalogue of Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 3681: 3649: 3198: 2673: 2614: 2520: 2483: 2318: 1464:of the Surveyor's Office, L. C. Stevens, wrote to 4909:: The Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 711–714. 4716:. Mt. Vernon, OH: A. A. Graham & Co. p. 3315:"Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 ~ P.L. 41-120" 2867: 2865: 2812:George Stoneman: a biography of the Union general 509:, which were essential to the maintenance of the 4701:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 4464:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 1615:, because those areas had previously been under 1352:had been given a huge reservation including the 1223:Defied Civil Service Executive order (1871–1874) 6901:Members of the Kenyon College Board of Trustees 5308:"Sudden Death of a Son of Hon. Columbus Delano" 4731:. Vol. II. Columbus: Henry Howe & Son. 4506:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses. 4383:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4155: 3908:"Mound View Cemetery: Self-Guided Walking Tour" 593:in 1831. Delano became active in politics as a 5662:Articles and topics related to Columbus Delano 5341:. Vol. 92, no. 64. October 24, 1896. 4574:Howard, James Henri; Le Claire, Peter (1995). 3130:"Will Attempt to Upset Plan of Reorganization" 1633:Reforms of the Ulysses S. Grant administration 1502:, boss of the Indian Ring and secretary of war 56:November 1, 1870 – September 30, 1875 6572: 6304: 6012: 5685: 4854:Simon, John Y. (2002). Henry F. Graff (ed.). 2939: 2937: 1849:had illegally killed and reduced Yellowstone 349:Mound View Cemetery, Mount Vernon, Ohio, U.S. 8: 6876:Members of the Ohio House of Representatives 5637:November 1, 1870 – September 30, 1875 5517:U.S. House of Representatives 5482:U.S. House of Representatives 5447:U.S. House of Representatives 5121:Jordan, Mark Sebastian (November 27, 2021). 4989:American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant 2740:. U.S. Department of the Interior. July 2015 2307:The Biographical Record of Knox County, Ohio 2292:The Biographical Record of Knox County, Ohio 2279:. Columbus, OH: Richard Nevins. p. 412. 2250: 2248: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 703:Vernon, of which he later became president. 4047:"Deb Haaland swearing in details announced" 2881:Ball, Durwood; Hutton, Paul Andrew (2009). 1185:teams and ambulances, and a support staff. 1022:Indians, which massacred 144 members of an 809:In September 1867, Delano made a speech on 725:in 1860, and he seconded the nomination of 546:Early life, education, and political career 6579: 6565: 6557: 6311: 6297: 6289: 6019: 6005: 5997: 5692: 5678: 5670: 5657: 5425: 5413: 4676:: The Post and Tribune Company Publishers. 4179: 3320:. 16 Stat. 544. USLaw.Link. March 3, 1871. 3134:The Standard: A Weekly Insurance Newspaper 3009: 2985: 2973: 2958: 2414:. Washington, DC: CQ Press. p. 1052. 1862:Corruption aftermath and the Pendleton Act 1567:confirmed that Reed had set up an illicit 1255:Supported Ku Klux Klan prosecutions (1872) 1177:, an artist, a photographer, a physician, 741:. In 1862 Delano was a candidate for the 520:'s recommendations. With the exception of 109:March 11, 1869 – October 31, 1870 29: 18: 6866:United States secretaries of the interior 5701:United States Secretaries of the Interior 5182:"Speech of Hon. Columbus Delano, of Ohio" 4839:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 4503:William Babcock Hazen: The Best Hated Man 4485:. Lawrence, KS: Regents Press of Kansas. 4413:History of the Department of the Interior 2945:A Brief History of Science in Yellowstone 2134:. Indians were given citizenship in 1924. 2038:Notable Department of the Interior events 1798:to be slaughtered, with the exception of 1754:In March 1869, President Grant appointed 151:U.S. House of Representatives 5598:March 11, 1869 – October 31, 1870 4808:Ohio State Board of Agriculture (1884). 4215: 4203: 3105:The American Presidents: Critical Essays 2703: 2661: 2597: 2268: 2266: 2254:The Biographical Dictionary of America, 2173:The Biographical Dictionary of America, 1261:1872 United States presidential election 621:United States Representative (1845–1847) 4968:: University of Oklahoma Press Norman. 4902:History of the Republican Party in Ohio 4239: 3969: 3625: 3613: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3548: 3504: 3485: 3473: 3330: 3301: 3278: 2928: 2916: 2147: 2106: 44:United States Secretary of the Interior 4824:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4817: 4686:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4679: 4191: 4167: 4094: 3981: 3942: 3560: 3446: 3345: 3266: 3249: 3136:. Boston, MA. July 1, 1905. p. 7. 3060: 3048: 3033: 3021: 2997: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2785: 2649: 2154: 1790:Bison slaughter and Indian suppression 1070:In June 1871 Grant's Attorney General 749:. With Republicans in control of the 644:United States House of Representatives 259:March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847 214:March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867 4666:The Detroit Post and Tribune (1880). 4601:: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 4560:Culpin, Mary Shivers (January 2003). 4227: 4082: 4070: 3957: 3801:. Kenyon College. September 19, 2013. 3637: 3519: 3489: 3458: 3431: 3419: 3398: 3386: 3369: 3357: 3232: 3217: 3089: 3077: 2797: 2758: 2688: 2561: 2470: 2395: 2201: 1140:, which was headed by U.S. Geologist 1004:Apache massacre and peace (1871–1872) 169:June 3, 1868 – March 3, 1869 7: 6906:Grant administration cabinet members 5493:March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867 5458:March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847 5093:Grant, Ulysses S. (April 16, 1872). 4387:United States Department of Commerce 3817:Historic Campus Architecture Project 3764: 2586:Ohio State Board of Agriculture 1884 2573: 1810:, polygamy, bride payments, and the 1750:, the 54th secretary of the interior 1554:Both Bristow and Secretary of State 1407:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper 1338:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper 1052:San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation 5528:June 3, 1868 – March 3, 1869 5103:"Yellowstone Visitation Statistics" 4695:Garrison, Wendell Phillips (1909). 1074:denied land and bond grants to the 642:In 1844, Delano was elected to the 6589:Ohio's 13th congressional district 6321:Ohio's 10th congressional district 5523:Ohio's 13th congressional district 5488:Ohio's 13th congressional district 5453:Ohio's 10th congressional district 5353:Delano, Columbus (July 24, 1872). 5097:. The American Presidency Project. 4939:The Presidents A Reference History 4884:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 4856:The Presidents A Reference History 4462:The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant 3162:Note: In another example, Senator 2349:Marshall, Edward Chauncey (1869). 2126:Indians at this time did not have 2072:Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition 1426:, which started in February 1876. 817:, in which he said that President 707:Republican Party and the Civil War 650:by only 12 votes, 9,297 to 9,285. 14: 6926:American people of French descent 6916:19th-century American politicians 6871:Commissioners of Internal Revenue 5157:Wade, Lizzie (October 28, 2021). 5053:"Delano, Columbus, (1809 - 1896)" 4992:. Random House Publishing Group. 4739:Secrets of the Great Whiskey Ring 4545:Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1904). 3753:The Detroit Post and Tribune 1880 3738:The Detroit Post and Tribune 1880 3726:The Detroit Post and Tribune 1880 3714:The Detroit Post and Tribune 1880 3697:The Detroit Post and Tribune 1880 2721:The Detroit Post and Tribune 1880 1896:by a disgruntled office seeker. 1770:announced that he would nominate 1582:United States General Land Office 1430:Resignation and corruption (1875) 6823: 6545: 6067: 5985: 5594:Commissioner of Internal Revenue 5355:"Speech of Hon. Columbus Delano" 5095:"Executive Order April 16, 1872" 5076:. Indian Country. Archived from 4899:Smith, Joseph Patterson (1898). 4624:: University of Nebraska Press. 4482:The Presidency of Andrew Johnson 4022:Lakhani, Nina (March 15, 2021). 2634:The Presidency of Andrew Johnson 2540:Ohio Secretary of State (1902). 2273:Norton, Anthony Banning (1862). 2082:Hayden Geological Survey of 1871 1675:Mount Vernon Nazarene University 853:Commissioner of Internal Revenue 843:Commissioner of Internal Revenue 721:. Delano was a delegate to the 441:, and a member of the prominent 420: 97:Commissioner of Internal Revenue 5371:"Columbus Delano (id: D000214)" 4618:Red Cloud and the Sioux problem 2060:Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition 753:, winning their nomination was 390: 6886:People from Mount Vernon, Ohio 5626:U.S. Secretary of the Interior 5017:: C. S. Williams. p. 170. 4728:Historical Collections of Ohio 3291:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 3152:Sternstein, Jerome L. (1978). 1818:Yellowstone and bison recovery 1760:commissioner of Indian Affairs 1193:Lower Falls of the Yellowstone 926:and Secretary of the Interior 921:United States Attorney General 901:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant 881:Treasurer of the United States 692:Delano, Dunlevy, & Company 1: 6891:People from Shoreham, Vermont 5557:Ohio House of Representatives 5542:Ohio House of Representatives 5515:Member of the 5480:Member of the 5445:Member of the 5430:U.S. House of Representatives 5409:Access Date: December 1, 2021 5403:Access Date: December 1, 2021 5072:Jawort, Adrian (2011-05-09). 4647:Prucha, Francis Paul (1984). 4263:. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 1384:to negotiate the sale of the 1078:, a company connected to the 963: 913: 883:, and Grant's brother in law 759:Ohio House of Representatives 591:attained admission to the bar 4713:History of Knox County, Ohio 4555:: The Robert Clarke Company. 4460:Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). 2810:Fordney, Ben Fuller (2008). 1322:Black Hills take over (1875) 1310:Defined Indian policy (1873) 1228:appointed New York reformer 1126:Hayden Geological Expedition 1094:in the South and protecting 835:Under the provisions of the 805:Reconstruction speech (1867) 550:Columbus Delano was born in 5242:"Judge Wright Sent to Jail" 4814:. Columbus: Myers Brothers. 4811:Thirty-Eighth Annual Report 4595:Encyclopedia of Indian Wars 4593:Michno, Gregory F. (2003). 4530:. New York: Penguin Press. 4156:Howard & Le Claire 1995 3102:Urofsky, Melvin I. (2000). 2503:Rerick, Rowland H. (1902). 2408:Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2016). 2020:Certain mountains in Utah ( 1934:Republican administration ( 1241:and thieving clerks in the 587:self-directed legal studies 469:Delano served as President 6942: 5357:. Raleigh, North Carolina. 5280:"Fine Specimen of a Judge" 5227:"Certain Surveying Frauds" 5212:"Secretary Delano Resigns" 4500:Cooper, Edward S. (2005). 4479:Castel, Albert E. (1979). 3184:Note: In a third example, 1865: 1630: 1433: 1325: 1258: 1114: 1007: 898: 773: 710: 624: 6821: 6595: 6543: 6327: 6257:Secretary of the Interior 6078:Secretary of the Treasury 6065: 5983: 5707: 5667: 5639: 5623: 5615: 5610: 5600: 5591: 5583: 5578: 5568: 5553: 5547: 5540: 5530: 5513: 5505: 5495: 5478: 5470: 5460: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5423: 5142:"The invasion of America" 5022:Williams, R. Hal (1974). 4833:Parins, James W. (2006). 4742:. St. Louis: W. S. Bryan. 4321:Durham, David L. (1998). 2002:Southern Pacific Railroad 1998:Secretary of the Interior 1919:, appointed by President 1117:Yellowstone National Park 895:Secretary of the Interior 889:Secretary of the Interior 564:, the sister ship of the 475:Secretary of the Interior 428: 299: 252: 207: 162: 102: 49: 37: 28: 6092:William Adams Richardson 5418:Offices and distinctions 5369:United States Congress. 5257:"Political Wool Growers" 5197:"Whisky Raid in Georgia" 5007:Williams, C. S. (1857). 4914:Sproat, John G. (1974). 4710:Hill, N. N. Jr. (1881). 4616:Olson, James C. (1965). 4379:National Geodetic Survey 4306:Gudde, Erwin G. (1969). 2543:Ohio Election Statistics 1992:, originally a terminal 1726:, Secretary of Treasury 1665:, which awarded him the 1239:Bureau of Indian Affairs 518:Civil Service Commission 5327:Washington Evening Star 5144:. Aeon. January 7, 2015 4956:White, Richard (1991). 4736:McDonald, John (1880). 4445:. New York: Doubleday. 4415:Access Date: 12/14/2021 4350:"Mount Delano, Montana" 4257:Gannett, Henry (1905). 3777:Kenyon College (1899). 2411:Guide to U.S. Elections 2335:Washington Evening Star 1730:, and Attorney General 1720:Crédit Mobilier scandal 1696:Delano, elder statesman 1574: 1296:Raleigh, North Carolina 1111:Yellowstone (1871–1872) 1080:Crédit Mobilier scandal 954:Bison slaughter (1870s) 824:Swing Around the Circle 6209:James William Marshall 5339:Sacramento Daily Union 4308:California Place Names 2366:Porter, Lorle (2005). 2238:Sacramento Daily Union 2115:Sacramento Daily Union 2017: 1982: 1831: 1758:, a Seneca Indian, to 1751: 1697: 1642: 1551: 1503: 1412:Treaty of Fort Laramie 1396: 1366:Treaty of Fort Laramie 1346:Treaty of Fort Laramie 1341: 1196: 1129: 1076:Union Pacific Railroad 967: 942:and Secretary of Navy 917: 755:tantamount to election 639: 6232:Secretary of the Navy 6172:George Henry Williams 5407:Mount Delano, Montana 5221:. September 27, 1875. 5107:National Park Service 4108:National Park Service 2943:Greater Yellowstone, 2015: 1980: 1866:Further information: 1840:National Park Service 1828:National Park Service 1825: 1745: 1695: 1657:Later life and career 1640: 1631:Further information: 1549: 1498: 1449:Surveyor General Ring 1434:Further information: 1394: 1335: 1328:Black Hills Gold Rush 1326:Further information: 1289:George Henry Williams 1259:Further information: 1191: 1134:scientific expedition 1124: 1115:Further information: 1058:, who settled on the 1026:Indian settlement at 961: 908: 899:Further information: 774:Further information: 751:Ohio General Assembly 711:Further information: 690:banking partnership, 670:Campaign for governor 658:Delano served in the 634: 625:Further information: 380:Elizabeth Leavenworth 5299:Harrisburg Telegraph 5191:. September 7, 1867. 4725:Howe, Henry (1891). 3874:Harrisburg Telegraph 3755:, pp. 346, 348. 3616:, pp. 221, 825. 3360:, pp. 179, 183. 3012:, pp. 108, 262. 2859:Michno, pp. 248, 249 1645:Delano's successor, 1084:Collis P. Huntington 837:Tenure of Office Act 764:Baltimore Convention 743:United States Senate 737:at the start of the 731:William Dennison Jr. 664:Mexican–American War 627:Mexican–American War 5579:Government offices 5266:. December 4, 1889. 5206:. February 6, 1870. 4748:McFeely, William S. 4218:, pp. 193–194. 4206:, pp. 189–190. 4073:, pp. 219–220. 3972:, pp. 265–266. 3915:mountvernonohio.org 3799:Kenyoncollegian.com 3767:, pp. 397–398. 3740:, pp. 344–345. 3628:, pp. 823–825. 3604:, pp. 821–822. 3592:, pp. 220–221. 3580:, pp. 819–820. 3522:, pp. 586–587. 3492:, pp. 559–560. 3476:, pp. 131–132. 3449:, pp. 564–565. 3434:, pp. 186–187. 3401:, pp. 185–186. 3304:, pp. 273–274. 3281:, pp. 829–830. 3269:, pp. 481–482. 3235:, pp. 544–547. 3220:, pp. 543–545. 2846:Arizona Apache Wars 2706:, pp. 211–212. 2637:, pp. 136–137. 2473:, pp. 712–713. 1951:Personal reputation 1875:Rutherford B. Hayes 1683:Rutherford B. Hayes 1217:Rutherford B. Hayes 1142:Ferdinand V. Hayden 1066:Akerman feud (1871) 1014:On April 30, 1871, 1010:Camp Grant massacre 605:Marriage and family 595:National Republican 451:National Republican 358:National Republican 6277:Zachariah Chandler 6195:Postmaster General 6178:Edwards Pierrepont 6129:William W. Belknap 6123:John Aaron Rawlins 6086:George S. Boutwell 6052:Elihu B. Washburne 6044:Secretary of State 5643:Zachariah Chandler 5611:Political offices 5313:Elwood Daily Press 5285:Lebanon Daily News 5189:The New York Times 4874:Smith, Jean Edward 4754:Grant: A Biography 3892:The New York Times 3856:Lebanon Daily News 3836:The New York Times 3683:The New York Times 3651:The New York Times 2734:"Past Secretaries" 2675:The New York Times 2616:The New York Times 2320:Elwood Daily Press 2031: NAVD 88 2018: 1986:Delano, California 1983: 1973:Delano, California 1832: 1781:Kaw Nation citizen 1752: 1738:Indian advancement 1698: 1647:Zachariah Chandler 1643: 1641:Zachariah Chandler 1561:Zachariah Chandler 1552: 1532:William W. Belknap 1504: 1500:William W. Belknap 1474:Colorado Territory 1397: 1342: 1267:Justice Department 1197: 1130: 1105:William S. McFeely 1101:George H. Williams 1044:Oliver Otis Howard 973:William T. Sherman 968: 962:Bison skull pile, 918: 877:Daniel Butterfield 869:Orville E. Babcock 832:impeaching Johnson 781:Return to Congress 776:Reconstruction Era 770:Reconstruction Era 739:American Civil War 723:Chicago Convention 713:American Civil War 640: 495:small reservations 447:American Civil War 339:Mount Vernon, Ohio 89:Zachariah Chandler 6838: 6837: 6832: 6831: 6554: 6553: 6286: 6285: 6246:George M. Robeson 6221:James Noble Tyner 6141:J. Donald Cameron 5994: 5993: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5640:Succeeded by 5634: 5604:Alfred Pleasonton 5601:Succeeded by 5587:Edward A. Rollins 5569:Succeeded by 5531:Succeeded by 5496:Succeeded by 5461:Succeeded by 5401:Delano Peak, Utah 5294:"Washington News" 5236:. April 12, 1876. 5024:Woodward, C. Vann 4999:978-1-58836-992-5 4916:Woodward, C. Vann 4846:978-0-8032-3752-0 4775:Woodward, C. Vann 4631:978-0-8032-5817-4 4622:Lincoln, Nebraska 4599:Missoula, Montana 4537:978-1-59420-487-6 4513:978-0-8386-4089-0 4452:978-0-385-53241-9 4371:"Delano Peak M 5" 4158:, pp. 36–38. 4097:, pp. 5, 59. 3906:Briscoe, Debbie. 3115:978-0-8153-2184-2 2976:, pp. 94–95. 2894:978-0-8061-3997-5 2821:978-0-7864-3225-7 2664:, pp. 21–26. 2652:, pp. 95–97. 2527:Middlebury Galaxy 2490:Middlebury Galaxy 2421:978-1-4833-8036-0 2033: 2016:Delano Peak, Utah 1932:Benjamin Harrison 1913:Chester A. Arthur 1901:William W. Dudley 1894:James A. Garfield 1714:Historical legacy 1485:Wyoming Territory 1478:Jerome B. Chaffee 1443:Wyoming Territory 1372:In mid-May 1875, 1210:Delano appointed 1199:On March 1, 1872 944:George M. Robeson 597:, and later as a 576:Knox County, Ohio 552:Shoreham, Vermont 432: 431: 322:Shoreham, Vermont 142:Alfred Pleasonton 130:Edward A. Rollins 6933: 6827: 6826: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6558: 6549: 6548: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6290: 6265:Jacob Dolson Cox 6160:Ebenezer R. Hoar 6152:Attorney General 6115:Secretary of War 6098:Benjamin Bristow 6071: 6070: 6035:Ulysses S. Grant 6021: 6014: 6007: 5998: 5989: 5694: 5687: 5680: 5671: 5658: 5632:Ulysses S. Grant 5629: 5616:Preceded by 5584:Preceded by 5572:Henry B. Banning 5548:Preceded by 5534:George W. Morgan 5525: 5509:George W. Morgan 5506:Preceded by 5499:George W. Morgan 5490: 5471:Preceded by 5455: 5436:Preceded by 5426: 5414: 5380: 5358: 5342: 5330: 5324: 5316: 5310: 5302: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5267: 5261: 5252: 5251:. April 4, 1880. 5246: 5237: 5231: 5222: 5216: 5207: 5201: 5192: 5186: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5059:. Washington D.C 5041: 5018: 5003: 4984:White, Ronald C. 4979: 4952: 4933: 4910: 4895: 4883: 4869: 4850: 4829: 4823: 4815: 4804: 4784: 4769: 4757: 4743: 4732: 4721: 4706: 4691: 4685: 4677: 4662: 4643: 4612: 4589: 4570: 4568: 4556: 4541: 4517: 4496: 4475: 4456: 4444: 4416: 4410: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4346: 4337: 4336: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4282: 4269: 4268: 4254: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4122: 4113: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4045:Chavez, Aliyah. 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3924:on April 7, 2016 3923: 3912: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3841: 3832: 3821: 3820: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3679: 3656: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3523: 3517: 3508: 3502: 3493: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3253: 3247: 3236: 3230: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3186:Redfield Proctor 3183: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3037: 3036:, pp. 1, 2. 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2962: 2956: 2947: 2941: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2899: 2898: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2860: 2857: 2848: 2843: 2826: 2825: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2638: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2548: 2547: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2453: 2426: 2425: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2384: 2383: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2346: 2340: 2331: 2325: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2270: 2261: 2257:Delano, Columbus 2252: 2243: 2234: 2205: 2199: 2180: 2176:Delano, Columbus 2171: 2158: 2152: 2135: 2124: 2118: 2111: 2029: 1962:Benjamin Bristow 1921:Grover Cleveland 1917:William F. Vilas 1728:Benjamin Bristow 1627:Chandler reforms 1575:Delano's defense 1470:Edward M. McCook 1466:Benjamin Bristow 1456:New-York Tribune 1316:Native Americans 1271:Enforcement Acts 1248:New-York Tribune 1201:Ulysses S. Grant 1096:African American 965: 924:Ebenezer R. Hoar 915: 910:Ulysses S. Grant 879:, the Assistant 865:Benjamin Bristow 857:Indian Territory 828:Ulysses S. Grant 791:George W. Morgan 719:Republican Party 676:Governor of Ohio 648:Caleb J. McNulty 615:Ulysses S. Grant 585:After beginning 499:Indian Territory 471:Ulysses S. Grant 424: 394: 392: 335: 332:October 23, 1896 318: 316: 304:Personal details 295: 278: 266: 257: 248: 236:George W. Morgan 233: 221: 212: 203: 191:George W. Morgan 188: 180:George W. Morgan 176: 167: 153: 138: 126: 118:Ulysses S. Grant 107: 85: 73: 65:Ulysses S. Grant 54: 33: 19: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6824: 6819: 6591: 6585: 6555: 6550: 6546: 6541: 6323: 6317: 6287: 6282: 6271:Columbus Delano 6251: 6240:Adolph E. Borie 6226: 6215:Marshall Jewell 6189: 6166:Amos T. Akerman 6146: 6109: 6072: 6068: 6063: 6038: 6025: 5995: 5990: 5981: 5703: 5698: 5663: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5636: 5628: 5621: 5606: 5597: 5589: 5574: 5565: 5559: 5551: 5536: 5527: 5521: 5519: 5511: 5501: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5476: 5466: 5457: 5451: 5449: 5441: 5439:Alfred P. Stone 5419: 5384:Columbus Delano 5368: 5365: 5352: 5349: 5333: 5319: 5305: 5291: 5277: 5274: 5259: 5255: 5244: 5240: 5229: 5225: 5214: 5210: 5199: 5195: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5164: 5162: 5156: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5131: 5129: 5120: 5111: 5109: 5101: 5092: 5083: 5081: 5080:on July 2, 2016 5071: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5048: 5038: 5021: 5006: 5000: 4982: 4976: 4955: 4949: 4936: 4930: 4913: 4905:. Vol. 1. 4898: 4892: 4872: 4866: 4853: 4847: 4832: 4816: 4807: 4793: 4772: 4766: 4746: 4735: 4724: 4709: 4694: 4678: 4665: 4659: 4646: 4632: 4615: 4609: 4592: 4586: 4576:The Ponca Tribe 4573: 4566: 4559: 4544: 4538: 4520: 4514: 4499: 4493: 4478: 4472: 4459: 4453: 4433: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4411: 4400: 4391: 4389: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4272: 4256: 4255: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4180:Weisberger 2002 4178: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4124: 4123: 4116: 4105: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3994:King, Ledyard. 3993: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3964: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3889: 3882: 3871: 3864: 3853: 3844: 3833: 3824: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3751: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3680: 3659: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3526: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3496: 3488:, p. 819; 3484: 3480: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3256: 3248: 3239: 3231: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3180:Harper's Weekly 3175: 3174: 3170: 3158:Capitol Studies 3151: 3150: 3146: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3076: 3067: 3063:, pp. 4–5. 3059: 3055: 3047: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3010:Chittenden 1904 3008: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2986:Chittenden 1904 2984: 2980: 2974:Chittenden 1904 2972: 2965: 2959:Chittenden 1904 2957: 2950: 2942: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2902: 2895: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2863: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2829: 2822: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2710: 2702: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2672: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2648: 2641: 2631: 2624: 2613: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2551: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2506:History of Ohio 2502: 2501: 2497: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2454: 2429: 2422: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2387: 2380: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2332: 2328: 2317: 2313: 2304: 2300: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2272: 2271: 2264: 2253: 2246: 2235: 2208: 2200: 2183: 2172: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2132:First Amendment 2125: 2121: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2040: 2024:) and Montana ( 2010: 1975: 1970: 1958:Native American 1953: 1940:James R. Tanner 1905:James G. Blaine 1870: 1864: 1820: 1808:medicine making 1792: 1763:to 58 in 1870. 1746:Deb Haaland of 1740: 1732:Amos T. Akerman 1716: 1703: 1667:honorary degree 1659: 1635: 1629: 1577: 1544: 1516:New York Herald 1493: 1451: 1438: 1432: 1424:Great Sioux War 1382:Washington D.C. 1376:, Chief of the 1344:Under the 1868 1330: 1324: 1312: 1279:Amos T. Akerman 1263: 1257: 1225: 1119: 1113: 1072:Amos T. Akerman 1068: 1012: 1006: 956: 940:Orville Babcock 903: 897: 845: 807: 783: 778: 772: 727:Abraham Lincoln 715: 709: 672: 656: 629: 623: 607: 580:Lexington, Ohio 548: 513:' way of life. 449:, Delano was a 435:Columbus Delano 396: 393: 1834) 388: 384: 381: 366: 361: 354:Political party 337: 333: 320: 314: 312: 291: 276: 270:Alfred P. Stone 264: 258: 253: 244: 231: 219: 213: 208: 199: 186: 174: 168: 163: 154: 149: 136: 124: 108: 103: 83: 71: 55: 50: 24: 23:Columbus Delano 17: 12: 11: 5: 6939: 6937: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6843: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6576: 6569: 6561: 6552: 6551: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6293: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6243: 6236: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6218: 6212: 6206: 6199: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6156: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6104:Lot M. Morrill 6101: 6095: 6089: 6082: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6055: 6048: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6001: 5992: 5991: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5638: 5630:Served under: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5602: 5599: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5567: 5555:Member of the 5552: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5529: 5512: 5507: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5494: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5381: 5364: 5363:External links 5361: 5360: 5359: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5331: 5317: 5303: 5289: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5264:New York Times 5253: 5249:New York Times 5238: 5234:New York Times 5223: 5219:New York Times 5208: 5204:New York Times 5193: 5176: 5175:New York Times 5173: 5172: 5171: 5154: 5138: 5118: 5099: 5090: 5069: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5036: 5019: 5004: 4998: 4980: 4974: 4953: 4947: 4934: 4928: 4911: 4896: 4890: 4870: 4864: 4851: 4845: 4830: 4805: 4791: 4770: 4764: 4744: 4733: 4722: 4707: 4692: 4663: 4657: 4644: 4630: 4613: 4607: 4590: 4584: 4571: 4557: 4542: 4536: 4518: 4512: 4497: 4491: 4476: 4470: 4457: 4451: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4398: 4375:NGS Data Sheet 4362: 4338: 4331: 4313: 4298: 4286:"City History" 4270: 4244: 4242:, p. 492. 4232: 4230:, p. 554. 4220: 4208: 4196: 4194:, p. 184. 4184: 4172: 4170:, p. 173. 4160: 4143: 4114: 4099: 4087: 4085:, p. 219. 4075: 4063: 4037: 4026:. The Guardian 4014: 3986: 3984:, p. 362. 3974: 3962: 3960:, p. 112. 3947: 3945:, p. 200. 3935: 3898: 3880: 3862: 3842: 3822: 3804: 3786: 3769: 3757: 3742: 3730: 3728:, p. 345. 3718: 3716:, p. 344. 3701: 3699:, p. 343. 3689: 3657: 3642: 3640:, p. 587. 3630: 3618: 3606: 3594: 3582: 3565: 3563:, p. 561. 3553: 3551:, p. 132. 3524: 3509: 3507:, p. 819. 3494: 3478: 3463: 3461:, p. 586. 3451: 3436: 3424: 3422:, p. 186. 3403: 3391: 3389:, p. 185. 3374: 3372:, p. 182. 3362: 3350: 3348:, p. 564. 3335: 3333:, p. 830. 3323: 3306: 3294: 3283: 3271: 3254: 3237: 3222: 3210: 3190: 3168: 3164:Nelson Aldrich 3144: 3140:Chauncey Depew 3121: 3114: 3094: 3082: 3080:, p. 589. 3065: 3053: 3038: 3026: 3014: 3002: 2990: 2988:, p. 107. 2978: 2963: 2948: 2933: 2931:, p. 374. 2921: 2919:, p. 373. 2900: 2893: 2873: 2861: 2849: 2827: 2820: 2802: 2800:, p. 212. 2790: 2763: 2761:, p. 250. 2751: 2725: 2723:, p. 340. 2708: 2693: 2691:, p. 584. 2681: 2666: 2654: 2639: 2622: 2602: 2600:, p. 170. 2590: 2578: 2576:, p. 281. 2566: 2564:, p. 713. 2549: 2532: 2512: 2495: 2475: 2463: 2427: 2420: 2400: 2398:, p. 712. 2385: 2378: 2358: 2341: 2326: 2311: 2298: 2282: 2262: 2244: 2206: 2204:, p. 711. 2181: 2159: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2119: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2075: 2065: 2053: 2047: 2039: 2036: 2009: 2006: 1981:Seal of Delano 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1952: 1949: 1863: 1860: 1819: 1816: 1791: 1788: 1784:Charles Curtis 1777:vice president 1739: 1736: 1715: 1712: 1702: 1699: 1663:Kenyon College 1658: 1655: 1628: 1625: 1576: 1573: 1543: 1540: 1492: 1489: 1450: 1447: 1431: 1428: 1323: 1320: 1311: 1308: 1256: 1253: 1230:William Curtis 1224: 1221: 1212:N. P. Langford 1112: 1109: 1067: 1064: 1039:Vincent Colyer 1020:Tohono O'odham 1008:Main article: 1005: 1002: 955: 952: 896: 893: 844: 841: 819:Andrew Johnson 811:Reconstruction 806: 803: 799:Reconstruction 782: 779: 771: 768: 708: 705: 684:John B. Weller 678:. He lost to 671: 668: 655: 652: 622: 619: 606: 603: 547: 544: 542:Ku Klux Klan. 511:Plains Indians 483:White American 463:Reconstruction 430: 429: 426: 425: 418: 414: 413: 410: 406: 405: 402: 398: 397: 386: 382: 379: 378: 376: 372: 371: 355: 351: 350: 347: 343: 342: 336:(aged 87) 330: 326: 325: 310: 306: 305: 301: 300: 297: 296: 289: 285: 284: 279: 273: 272: 267: 261: 260: 250: 249: 242: 238: 237: 234: 228: 227: 222: 216: 215: 205: 204: 197: 193: 192: 189: 183: 182: 177: 171: 170: 160: 159: 148:Member of the 145: 144: 139: 133: 132: 127: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 100: 99: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 74: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 47: 46: 39: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6938: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6861:Delano family 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6635:W. Whittlesey 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6600:E. Whittlesey 6598: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6582: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6568: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6314: 6309: 6307: 6302: 6300: 6295: 6294: 6291: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6203:John Creswell 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6184:Alphonso Taft 6182: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6135:Alphonso Taft 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6059: 6058:Hamilton Fish 6056: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6015: 6010: 6008: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5988: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5688: 5683: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5644: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5620: 5614: 5609: 5605: 5596: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5546: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5526: 5524: 5518: 5510: 5504: 5500: 5491: 5489: 5483: 5475: 5469: 5465: 5464:Daniel Duncan 5456: 5454: 5448: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5160: 5155: 5143: 5139: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5039: 5037:0-440-05923-2 5033: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5005: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4975:0-8061-2567-5 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4948:0-684-31226-3 4944: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4929:0-440-05923-2 4925: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4893: 4891:0-684-84927-5 4887: 4882: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4865:0-684-31226-3 4861: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4813: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4792:0-440-05923-2 4788: 4783: 4782: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4765:0-393-01372-3 4761: 4756: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4664: 4660: 4658:0-8032-8734-8 4654: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4608:0-87842-468-7 4604: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4585:0-8032-7279-0 4581: 4577: 4572: 4565: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4492:9780700601905 4488: 4484: 4483: 4477: 4473: 4471:9780700624843 4467: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4443: 4442: 4436: 4435:Brands, H. W. 4432: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4414: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4332:1-884995-14-4 4328: 4324: 4317: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4299: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4216:Williams 1974 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204:Williams 1974 4200: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4182:, p. 75. 4181: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4038: 4025: 4018: 4015: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3936: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3781: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3684: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3324: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3117: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2961:, p. 93. 2960: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2704:Garrison 1909 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2662:McDonald 1880 2658: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2617: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2598:Williams 1857 2594: 2591: 2588:, p. 99. 2587: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2499: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2379:9781887932257 2375: 2371: 2370: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2239: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2141: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994:railroad town 1991: 1988:, located in 1987: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1944:Green B. Raum 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1909:John A. Logan 1906: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886:Pendleton Act 1882: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1868:Pendleton Act 1861: 1859: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1756:Ely S. Parker 1749: 1748:Laguna Pueblo 1744: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724:Hamilton Fish 1721: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1648: 1639: 1634: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1556:Hamilton Fish 1548: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1437: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1378:Oglala Lakota 1375: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362:George Custer 1359: 1358:Panic of 1873 1355: 1351: 1347: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1284:habeas corpus 1280: 1276: 1275:U.S. Marshals 1272: 1268: 1262: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1243:Patent Office 1240: 1234: 1231: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167:ornithologist 1164: 1160: 1159:meteorologist 1156: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1065: 1063: 1062:reservation. 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1011: 1003: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 984: 982: 978: 977:Richard Dodge 974: 960: 953: 951: 949: 948:spoils system 945: 941: 935: 933: 929: 925: 922: 911: 907: 902: 894: 892: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 842: 840: 838: 833: 829: 825: 820: 816: 812: 804: 802: 800: 796: 795:40th Congress 792: 788: 787:39th Congress 780: 777: 769: 767: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 747:Benjamin Wade 745:seat held by 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 714: 706: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 669: 667: 665: 661: 660:29th Congress 653: 651: 649: 645: 637: 633: 628: 620: 618: 616: 611: 604: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 568: 563: 562: 557: 556:Delano family 553: 545: 543: 540: 534: 531: 527: 526:spoils system 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 503:buffalo herds 500: 496: 491: 488: 484: 480: 479:Native tribes 476: 472: 467: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 443:Delano family 440: 436: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 377: 373: 369: 364: 360:(before 1834) 359: 356: 352: 348: 346:Resting place 344: 340: 331: 327: 323: 311: 307: 302: 298: 294: 293:10th district 290: 286: 283: 282:Daniel Duncan 280: 274: 271: 268: 262: 256: 251: 247: 246:13th district 243: 239: 235: 229: 226: 223: 217: 211: 206: 202: 201:13th district 198: 194: 190: 184: 181: 178: 172: 166: 161: 158: 152: 146: 143: 140: 134: 131: 128: 122: 119: 116: 112: 106: 101: 98: 93: 90: 87: 81: 78: 75: 69: 66: 63: 59: 53: 48: 45: 40: 36: 32: 27: 20: 6881:Ohio lawyers 6674: 6664: 6376: 6270: 5761: 5624: 5619:Jacob D. Cox 5592: 5554: 5550:Walt Whitney 5514: 5479: 5474:John O'Neill 5444: 5393: 5388:Find a Grave 5374: 5338: 5326: 5312: 5298: 5284: 5263: 5248: 5233: 5218: 5203: 5188: 5165:February 16, 5163:. Retrieved 5148:February 16, 5146:. Retrieved 5130:. Retrieved 5126: 5110:. Retrieved 5106: 5082:. Retrieved 5078:the original 5061:. Retrieved 5056: 5027: 5009: 4988: 4957: 4938: 4919: 4901: 4879: 4855: 4835: 4810: 4780: 4753: 4738: 4727: 4712: 4697: 4668: 4648: 4617: 4594: 4575: 4562: 4547: 4526: 4522:Chernow, Ron 4502: 4481: 4461: 4440: 4390:. Retrieved 4374: 4365: 4353:. Retrieved 4322: 4316: 4307: 4301: 4289:. Retrieved 4259: 4240:Calhoun 2017 4235: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4134:. Retrieved 4129: 4107: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4066: 4054:. Retrieved 4050: 4040: 4028:. Retrieved 4017: 4005:. Retrieved 3999: 3989: 3977: 3970:Calhoun 2017 3965: 3938: 3926:. Retrieved 3919:the original 3914: 3901: 3891: 3873: 3855: 3835: 3816: 3807: 3798: 3789: 3779: 3772: 3760: 3733: 3721: 3692: 3682: 3650: 3645: 3633: 3626:Chernow 2017 3621: 3614:Chernow 2017 3609: 3602:Chernow 2017 3597: 3590:Chernow 2017 3585: 3578:Chernow 2017 3556: 3549:McFeely 1974 3505:Chernow 2017 3486:Chernow 2017 3481: 3474:McFeely 1974 3454: 3427: 3394: 3365: 3353: 3331:Chernow 2017 3326: 3309: 3302:Calhoun 2017 3297: 3286: 3279:Chernow 2017 3274: 3252:, p. 2. 3213: 3205:New York Sun 3204: 3193: 3179: 3171: 3157: 3147: 3133: 3124: 3104: 3097: 3085: 3056: 3051:, p. 4. 3029: 3024:, p. 2. 3017: 3005: 3000:, p. 1. 2993: 2981: 2929:McFeely 1981 2924: 2917:McFeely 1981 2883: 2876: 2811: 2805: 2793: 2754: 2742:. Retrieved 2737: 2728: 2684: 2674: 2669: 2657: 2633: 2615: 2593: 2581: 2569: 2542: 2535: 2526: 2515: 2505: 2498: 2489: 2478: 2466: 2456: 2410: 2403: 2368: 2361: 2351: 2344: 2339:, p. 7. 2334: 2329: 2324:, p. 3. 2319: 2314: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2285: 2275: 2256: 2237: 2175: 2150: 2122: 2114: 2109: 2093: 2087: 2077: 2067: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2026:Mount Delano 2019: 1984: 1954: 1935: 1929: 1924: 1898: 1889: 1883: 1871: 1844: 1833: 1793: 1765: 1753: 1717: 1708:Mount Vernon 1704: 1687: 1679: 1660: 1651: 1644: 1619:'s and then 1602: 1578: 1564: 1553: 1536: 1525: 1515: 1512: 1505: 1482: 1454: 1452: 1439: 1416:Sitting Bull 1405: 1402: 1398: 1371: 1350:Oglala Sioux 1343: 1337: 1313: 1304:Ku Klux Klan 1300:Ku Klux Klan 1293: 1282: 1264: 1246: 1235: 1226: 1209: 1204: 1198: 1171:mineralogist 1146:astronomical 1131: 1092:Ku Klux Klan 1069: 1036: 1032:George Crook 1013: 985: 969: 936: 928:Jacob D. Cox 919: 861:Whiskey Ring 846: 808: 784: 716: 691: 680:Seabury Ford 673: 657: 641: 636:Seabury Ford 612: 608: 584: 572:Mount Vernon 565: 559: 549: 535: 515: 492: 468: 434: 433: 334:(1896-10-23) 319:June 4, 1809 288:Constituency 277:Succeeded by 254: 241:Constituency 232:Succeeded by 225:John O'Neill 209: 196:Constituency 187:Succeeded by 164: 137:Succeeded by 104: 84:Succeeded by 51: 6856:1896 deaths 6851:1809 births 6397:O. F. Moore 6367:H. A. Moore 6279:(1875–1877) 6273:(1870–1875) 6267:(1869–1870) 6248:(1869–1877) 6223:(1876–1877) 6217:(1874–1876) 6205:(1869–1874) 6186:(1876–1877) 6180:(1875–1876) 6174:(1871–1875) 6168:(1870–1871) 6162:(1869–1870) 6143:(1876–1877) 6131:(1869–1876) 6106:(1876–1877) 6100:(1874–1876) 6094:(1873–1874) 6088:(1869–1873) 6060:(1869–1877) 6037:(1869–1877) 5562:Knox County 5132:December 3, 4355:December 1, 4291:December 1, 4192:Sproat 1974 4168:Sproat 1974 4095:Culpin 2003 3982:Michno 2003 3943:Cooper 2005 3561:Brands 2012 3447:Brands 2012 3346:Brands 2012 3267:Prucha 1984 3250:Delano 1872 3061:Culpin 2003 3049:Culpin 2003 3034:Culpin 2003 3022:Culpin 2003 2998:Culpin 2003 2786:Jawort 2011 2650:Parins 2006 2155:Jordan 2021 2128:citizenship 2074:Yellowstone 2063:Yellowstone 2022:Delano Peak 1990:Kern County 1930:During the 1879:Carl Schurz 1836:Yellowstone 1800:Yellowstone 1772:Deb Haaland 1542:Resignation 1521:kicked back 1491:Indian Ring 1420:Crazy Horse 1386:Black Hills 1354:Black Hills 1205:Organic Act 1203:signed the 1175:topographer 1138:Yellowstone 989:Yellowstone 885:Abel Corbin 815:Eaton, Ohio 688:Wall Street 613:Delano and 522:Yellowstone 507:Yellowstone 505:outside of 487:Yellowstone 453:and then a 370:(1860–1896) 365:(1834–1860) 265:Preceded by 220:Preceded by 175:Preceded by 125:Preceded by 72:Preceded by 6896:Ohio Whigs 6845:Categories 6610:Leadbetter 5952:Kempthorne 5727:McClelland 5566:1864-1865 5272:Newspapers 5127:Knox Pages 5015:Cincinnati 4758:. Norton. 4553:Cincinnati 4392:2021-01-12 4228:Smith 2001 4083:White 1991 4071:White 1991 3958:White 1991 3638:Smith 2001 3520:Smith 2001 3490:White 2016 3459:Smith 2001 3432:Olson 1965 3420:Olson 1965 3399:Olson 1965 3387:Olson 1965 3370:Olson 1965 3358:Olson 1965 3233:Smith 2001 3218:Smith 2001 3090:Grant 1872 3078:Smith 2001 2798:White 1991 2759:Simon 2002 2689:Smith 2001 2562:Smith 1898 2471:Smith 1898 2396:Smith 1898 2202:Smith 1898 2142:References 1613:New Mexico 1605:California 1569:slush fund 1150:barometric 1060:Chiricahua 1048:Eskiminzin 1028:Camp Grant 932:California 735:Union Army 696:Cincinnati 530:spoils man 459:Republican 409:Profession 368:Republican 315:1809-06-04 6765:Fiesinger 6705:Outhwaite 6655:Worcester 6497:I. Foster 6427:C. Foster 6347:Davenport 6332:Patterson 6032:President 5972:Bernhardt 5827:Ballinger 5817:Hitchcock 5161:. Science 5112:August 3, 4820:cite book 4801:577314170 4682:cite book 4056:March 17, 4030:March 16, 4007:March 16, 4001:USA TODAY 3765:Hill 1881 2574:Howe 1891 2056:1869–1870 2044:1856–1873 2008:Mountains 1936:1889-1893 1925:1885-1889 1845:By 1902, 1812:Sun Dance 1804:cosmology 1768:Joe Biden 1598:Education 1374:Red Cloud 1163:zoologist 1155:botanists 1088:Jay Gould 891:in 1870. 873:Gold Ring 567:Mayflower 439:statesman 417:Signature 255:In office 210:In office 165:In office 114:President 105:In office 77:Jacob Cox 61:President 52:In office 6785:Baumhart 6775:Baumhart 6750:Overmyer 6740:Anderson 6700:Converse 6695:Atherton 6685:Southard 6645:Lindsley 6605:Spangler 6532:Kucinich 6387:Sweetser 6337:Jennings 5907:Hathaway 5822:Garfield 5802:H. Smith 5777:Kirkwood 5767:Chandler 5752:Browning 5737:C. Smith 5732:Thompson 5717:McKennan 5347:Speeches 5046:Internet 4986:(2016). 4966:Oklahoma 4876:(2001). 4750:(1981). 4524:(2017). 4437:(2012). 4136:June 22, 4051:Ict News 3928:July 11, 2744:July 14, 2738:doi.gov/ 2260:, p. 226 2179:, p. 225 1847:poachers 1590:Pensions 995:. 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