1207:"A strong currency like the CFA franc makes exports from the CFA-franc zone much more costly than they would ordinarily be and as a result economic growth suffers accordingly. Since most of the countries that use the currency are poor, mostly agricultural economies, this has put a stranglehold on their trade and made them overly dependent upon continuing, privileged access to French and, though them, European markets. That this effectively recreates a quasi-colonial trading relationship between France and its former African colonies that benefits France mightily has not been lost on observers. - See more at:
1044:
1072:
909:
961:
758:
1013:
935:
810:
1025:
745:
732:
896:
1058:
797:
1001:
948:
784:
719:
33:
922:
771:
836:
653:
141:
franc. This requirement remains unchanged for the
Central African CFA franc, which wasn't reformed in 2019 (the reform concerned only the West African CFA franc). The currency has been criticized for restricting the sovereignty of the African member states, effectively putting their monetary policy in the hands of the
591:. Subsequently, a reform of the West African CFA franc was initiated. In May 2020, the French National Assembly agreed to end the French engagement in the West African CFA franc. The countries using the currency will no longer have to deposit half of their foreign exchange reserves with the French Treasury.
610:
On April 25, 2023, the subject of the CFA franc was discussed at the ministerial meeting of the
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and France. The French perceive the guarantee provided to the CFA franc, and the assurance of its convertibility, as a pillar of economic stability
574:
Critics point out that the currency is controlled by the French treasury, and in turn
African countries channel more money to France than they receive in aid and have no sovereignty over their monetary policies. In January 2019, Italian ministers accused France of impoverishing Africa through the CFA
1420:
140:
guaranteed by France: €1 = F.CFA 655.957 exactly. In order to ensure this convertibility guarantee, member countries were required to deposit half of their foreign exchange reserves with the French
Treasury, but this requirement was dropped in 2019 (effective in 2021) for the West African CFA
361:
Over time, the number of countries and territories using the CFA franc has changed as some countries began introducing their own separate currencies. A couple of nations in West Africa have also chosen to adopt the CFA franc since its introduction, despite the fact that they had never been French
331:
17 October 1948 to 31 December 1959 – F.CFA 1 = 2 French francs (the CFA franc had followed the French franc's devaluation versus the US dollar in
January 1948, but on 18 October 1948, the French franc devalued again and this time the CFA franc was revalued against the French franc to
152:. In May 2020, the French National Assembly agreed to end the French engagement in the West African CFA franc, including the foreign reserve deposit requirements, thereby facilitating the transition to the Eco. Despite initial plans for a monetary union by late 2020, setbacks including the
629:
currency code XAF). They are distinguished in French by the meaning of the abbreviation CFA. These two CFA francs have the same exchange rate with the euro (1 euro = 655.957 XOF = 655.957 XAF), and they are both guaranteed by the French treasury
567:'s 2008 assessment of the CFA's link to the euro noted that "benefits from economic integration within each of the two monetary unions of the CFA franc zone, and even more so between them, remained remarkably low" but that "the peg to the
287:
to spare them the strong devaluation, thereby making it easier for them to import goods from France (and simultaneously making it harder for them to export goods to France). French officials presented the decision as an act of generosity.
1724:
546:, the European Central Bank and the Economic and Financial Committee informed about the implementation of the agreements and inform the Committee prior to changes of the parity between the euro and the CFA and Comorian francs
558:
The currency has been criticized for making national monetary policy for the developing countries of French West Africa all but impossible, since the CFA's value is pegged to the euro (whose monetary policy is set by the
1663:
563:). Others disagree and argue that the CFA "helps stabilize the national currencies of Franc Zone member-countries and greatly facilitates the flow of exports and imports between France and the member-countries". The
328:
is the consequence of the creation of the CFA franc, which spared the French
African colonies the devaluation of December 1945 (before December 1945, 1 local franc in these colonies was worth 1 French franc).
1629:
145:. Others argue that the CFA "helps stabilize the national currencies of Franc Zone member-countries and greatly facilitates the flow of exports and imports between France and the member-countries".
612:
1728:
689:
1732:
1667:
293:
1638:
1671:
598:(ECOWAS), which includes the members of UEMOA, plans to introduce its own common currency for its member states by 2027, for which they have also formally adopted the name
1386:
886:
513:
483:
196:
colony). These fourteen countries have a combined population of 210.4 million people (as of 2023), and a combined GDP of US$ 313.7 billion (as of 2023).
335:
1 January 1960 to 11 January 1994– F.CFA 1 = NF 0.02 (1 January 1960: the French franc redenominated, with 100 old francs becoming 1 new franc)
866:
611:
for the region. France remains “open” and “available” to CEMAC proposals to reform monetary cooperation in
Central Africa, as has happened in West Africa.
571:
and, since 1999, to the euro as exchange rate anchor is usually found to have had favourable effects in the region in terms of macroeconomic stability".
332:
offset almost all of this new devaluation of the French franc; after
October 1948, the CFA followed all the successive devaluations of the French franc)
821:
These eight countries have a combined population of 147.6 million people (as of 2023), and a combined GDP of US$ 199.4 billion (as of 2023).
1532:
595:
1169:"International Law and Monetary Sovereignty. The Current Problems of the International Mastery of the CFA Franc and the Crisis of Sovereign Equality"
972:
These six countries have a combined population of 62.8 million people (as of 2023), and a combined GDP of US$ 114.3 billion (as of 2023).
709:
317:. This exchange rate was changed only twice, in 1948 and in 1994 (besides nominal adaptation to the new French franc in 1960 and the Euro in 1999).
549:
Any change to the nature or scope of the agreements would require
Council approval on the basis of a Commission recommendation and ECB consultation
2775:
1771:
1236:
304:, wishing not to impose on her far-away daughters the consequences of her own poverty, is setting different exchange rates for their currency.
148:
On 22 December 2019, it was announced that the West
African currency would be reformed and replaced by an independent currency to be called
2058:
1845:
1265:
1599:
1513:
1972:
1635:
512:
In their present forms and states of implementation, the agreements are unlikely to present any obstacle to a smooth functioning of
1989:
1835:
1825:
2790:
2622:
2480:
2262:
2220:
1784:
1012:
532:
Modifications to the existing agreements will not lead to any obligations for the European Central or any national central bank
109:
countries. Although separate, the two CFA franc currencies have always been at parity and are effectively interchangeable. The
1379:
1211:", FOREX Africa: The CFA Franc aka The African Euro, By Jeffrey Cavanaugh AFKI Original Published: 12 February 2014, 02:11pm,
1100:
1840:
1441:
487:
224:) and the independence of these African countries at the beginning of the 1960s. Since independence, CFA is taken to mean
1577:
2780:
1830:
1024:
1326:
1279:
2785:
1982:
1375:
1739:
1928:
1815:
1764:
350:
1712:
2765:
2490:
2302:
1867:
1810:
1348:
830:
459:
415:
118:
96:
49:
2770:
2475:
2134:
2119:
1955:
1301:
914:
169:
1212:
1208:
1595:
2324:
2020:
1872:
1702:
341:
1 January 1999 onwards – F.CFA 100 = €0.152449 or €1 = F.CFA 655.957. (1 January 1999: the
1651:
1529:
2307:
2169:
647:
126:
79:
41:
156:, global geopolitical uncertainties, and failure to meet criteria resulted in a postponement until 2027.
2189:
2151:
2129:
2048:
1938:
1918:
1757:
1548:
The role of the euro in Sub-Saharan Africa and in the CFA franc zone, Economic papers 347, November 2008
966:
560:
519:
221:
142:
1681:
2038:
2485:
2319:
2015:
1948:
1887:
1455:
1000:
503:
264:
338:
12 January 1994 to 31 December 1998– F.CFA 1 = F 0.01. An overnight 50% devaluation.
2600:
2573:
2535:
2510:
2365:
2255:
1933:
1820:
1686:
1302:"From CFA to ECO: Opportunities and Challenges of Economic and Monetary Cooperation in West Africa"
1240:
543:
408:
301:
276:
133:
575:
franc, and criticism continued from various African organizations. On 21 December 2019, President
2627:
2590:
2179:
2164:
2053:
1977:
1960:
1923:
1892:
1855:
1485:
1077:
470:
165:
2525:
1226:
Economic Integration and Development in Africa, Henry Kyambalesa, Mathurin C. Houngnikpo, p. 88
17:
2739:
2697:
2669:
2194:
2139:
1943:
1906:
1882:
986:
940:
576:
455:
324:
26 December 1945 to 16 October 1948 – F.CFA 1 = 1.70 French franc. This 70 centime
189:
153:
2617:
2595:
2568:
2515:
2465:
2348:
2213:
2104:
2043:
2003:
1877:
1792:
1510:
1475:
1467:
1180:
1115:
1110:
633:
217:
1682:
Decision of the Council of Europe on 23 November 1998 regarding the CFA and Comorian francs
2637:
2520:
2460:
2433:
2423:
2343:
2292:
2184:
2174:
2084:
2025:
1965:
1745:
Aubin Nzaou-Kongo, International Law and Monetary Sovereignty, African Review of Law, 2020
1706:
1642:
1536:
1517:
1095:
848:
665:
584:
499:
397:
284:
70:
61:
2702:
535:
The French Treasury will guarantee the free convertibility at a fixed parity between the
349:
The 1960 and 1999 events merely reflect changes of currency in use in France: the actual
1327:"Challenges to Single Currency Surmountable—Finance Minister Tells West African Leaders"
2692:
2657:
2652:
2578:
2558:
2495:
2428:
2331:
2248:
2229:
2159:
2124:
2114:
2109:
1805:
1130:
1090:
599:
588:
564:
527:
393:
289:
149:
106:
638:), but the two currencies are only legal tender in their respective member countries.
164:
CFA francs are used in fourteen countries: twelve nations formerly ruled by France in
2759:
2647:
2642:
2443:
2377:
2360:
2099:
2094:
2089:
1489:
1049:
750:
621:
There are two different currencies called the CFA franc: the West African CFA franc (
466:
371:
181:
2240:
1184:
2632:
2563:
2553:
2530:
2505:
2500:
2470:
2418:
1800:
1063:
737:
568:
523:
448:
437:
426:
382:
314:
268:
260:
256:
1578:"West Africa regional bloc adopts new plans to launch ECO single currency in 2027"
1559:
1471:
979:
unique to each participating country, and common reverse, in a fashion similar to
1744:
587:
of France announced an initiative to replace the West African CFA Franc with the
2455:
2438:
2389:
1689:, Africa Recovery, Department of Public Information, United Nations (April 1999)
1125:
763:
580:
272:
89:
2744:
2734:
2687:
2605:
1120:
1039:
980:
872:
422:
404:
389:
177:
518:
Nothing in the agreements can be construed as implying an obligation for the
353:
of the CFA franc versus the French franc/euro only changed in 1948 and 1994.
2718:
2674:
2314:
1105:
280:
252:
92:
1213:
http://afkinsider.com/41946/forex-africa-african-euro/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf
1209:
http://afkinsider.com/41946/forex-africa-african-euro/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf
78:
used by 210 million people (as of 2023) in fourteen African countries: the
32:
325:
105:, i.e. "Financial Cooperation in Central Africa" in English), used in six
2679:
2271:
1085:
901:
876:
626:
622:
507:
185:
110:
75:
1720:
1659:
1603:
835:
1480:
989:, the only former Spanish colony in the zone, adopted the CFA in 1984.
976:
863:("Financial Cooperation in Central Africa"). It is issued by the BEAC (
802:
699:
652:
491:
433:
1547:
367:
173:
1168:
1266:"France ratifies law officially ending 75 years of West Africa CFA"
490:
addressed the monetary agreements France had with the CFA Zone and
2276:
2072:
1780:
953:
834:
789:
724:
695:
651:
193:
1749:
392:
leaves (in 1972, according to another source) and begins issuing
1699:
927:
815:
776:
536:
444:
378:
342:
313:
The CFA franc was created with a fixed exchange rate versus the
137:
88:, i.e. "African Financial Community" in English), used in eight
2244:
1753:
694:, i.e., "Central Bank of the West African States"), located in
498:
The agreements are unlikely to have any material effect on the
1416:
251:
The CFA franc was created on 26 December 1945, along with the
1560:"West Africa: ECOWAS Heads of State Name Single Currency ECO"
686:("African Financial Community"). It is issued by the BCEAO (
1237:"West Africa renames CFA franc but keeps it pegged to euro"
975:
In 1975, Central African CFA banknotes were issued with an
1456:"France à fric: the CFA zone in Africa and neocolonialism"
871:, i.e., "Bank of the Central African States"), located in
1676:(in French, but more extensive than the English version)
882:
Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale
418:
leaves for French franc, which changed later to the Euro
255:. The reason for their creation was the weakness of the
625:
currency code XOF), and the Central Africa CFA franc (
396:, the Malagasy franc, which ran concurrently with the
2727:
2711:
2539:
2411:
2285:
2150:
2071:
2002:
1905:
1854:
1791:
345:
replaced FRF at the rate of 6.55957 FRF for 1 euro)
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
2381:
1687:"For better or worse: the euro and the CFA franc"
887:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
690:Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
484:Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
1280:"West Africa's Eco currency remains an illusion"
542:The competent French authorities shall keep the
298:
220:of Africa") between 1958 (establishment of the
1421:"World Economic Outlook Database - April 2024"
300:In a show of her generosity and selflessness,
2399:
2256:
1765:
1349:"Is West Africa ready for a single currency?"
705:Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine
526:to support the convertibility of the CFA and
27:Two common currencies of 14 African countries
8:
2661:
2609:
2582:
2545:
2393:
2369:
2352:
2335:
880:
864:
858:
852:
703:
687:
681:
675:
669:
631:
225:
211:
205:
100:
83:
2447:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1173:African Review of Law and Critical Thinking
2263:
2249:
2241:
2077:
2008:
1911:
1860:
1772:
1758:
1750:
1652:Franc zone information at Banque de France
1636:Franc zone information at Banque de France
1530:Le mot du Directeur de l'agence de Mayotte
860:Coopération financière en Afrique centrale
232:Coopération financière en Afrique centrale
102:Coopération Financière en Afrique centrale
1479:
596:Economic Community of West African States
710:West African Economic and Monetary Union
702:, for the eight countries of the UEMOA (
606:Debate on ending the Central African CFA
554:Criticism and replacement in West Africa
210:("French colonies of Africa"); then for
31:
1142:
996:
879:, for the six countries of the CEMAC (
867:Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale
1442:Communauté Financière Africaine franc
1392:from the original on 20 February 2024
680:('Financial Community of Africa') or
407:leaves, replacing the franc with the
283:. New currencies were created in the
204:Between 1945 and 1958, CFA stood for
69:
7:
1260:
1258:
1222:
1220:
1203:
1201:
357:Changes in countries using the franc
2662:
2583:
2353:
2336:
1600:Central Bank of West African States
1307:. policycenter.ma. 1 September 2021
1509:IEDOM/Banque de France - History,
1380:"2023 World Population Data Sheet"
25:
1329:. mofep.gov.gh. 18 September 2023
440:, which changed later to the Euro
429:, which changed later to the Euro
235:
230:(African Financial Community) or
1440:Encyclopædia Britannica Online,
1070:
1056:
1042:
1023:
1011:
999:
959:
946:
933:
920:
907:
894:
808:
795:
782:
769:
756:
743:
730:
717:
2623:Saint Pierre and Miquelon franc
2481:French Equatorial African franc
1713:Passé et Avenir du Franc C.F.A.
1185:10.6084/m9.figshare.12808835.v3
839:Central African CFA franc coins
683:Communauté Financière Africaine
677:Communauté financière d'Afrique
539:and the CFA and Comorian francs
400:(1 ariary = 5 Malagasy francs).
227:Communauté Financière Africaine
85:Communauté Financière Africaine
18:Communaute Financiere Africaine
1740:The CFA franc zone and the EMU
1101:Currencies related to the euro
843:The Central Africa CFA franc (
213:Communauté française d'Afrique
1:
2776:Currencies introduced in 1945
1472:10.1080/01436597.2019.1585183
1030:1000 West African CFA francs.
488:Council of the European Union
207:Colonies françaises d'Afrique
1018:500 West African CFA francs.
660:The West African CFA franc (
656:West African CFA franc coins
482:In 1998, in anticipation of
2059:Water supply and sanitation
1376:Population Reference Bureau
1167:Nzaou-Kongo, Aubin (2020).
514:economic and monetary union
411:(1 ouguiya = 5 CFA francs).
263:. When France ratified the
2807:
1841:People's Republic of Benin
1816:Second Franco-Dahomean War
1700:Central Bank of Madagascar
1282:. dw.com. 2 September 2021
828:
645:
381:leaves and begins issuing
370:leaves and begins issuing
294:French Minister of Finance
2491:French West African franc
2207:
2080:
2011:
1914:
1863:
1811:First Franco-Dahomean War
1351:. Brookings. 30 July 2021
1239:. Reuters. Archived from
831:Central African CFA franc
447:rejoins (1 CFA franc = 2
416:Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
119:Central African CFA franc
97:Central African CFA franc
50:Central African CFA franc
2476:French Camerounian franc
1630:History of the CFA franc
915:Central African Republic
296:, was quoted as saying:
180:, which withdrew), plus
99:(where "CFA" stands for
82:(where "CFA" stands for
2325:French Polynesian franc
1723: to English:
1705:29 October 2018 at the
1662: to English:
1641:2 December 2016 at the
1535:27 January 2012 at the
1528:IEDOM/Banque de France
857:, where CFA stands for
674:, where CFA stands for
478:European Monetary Union
265:Bretton Woods Agreement
132:Both CFA francs have a
2791:Currencies of Cameroon
2610:
2546:
2540:
2448:
2400:
2394:
2382:
2370:
1846:Mercenary coup attempt
1511:Historique des billets
1444:; accessed 2008.12.05.
881:
865:
859:
853:
840:
704:
688:
682:
676:
670:
657:
648:West African CFA franc
632:
522:(ECB) or any national
306:
267:in December 1945, the
226:
212:
206:
127:West African CFA franc
101:
84:
80:West African CFA franc
65:
53:
42:West African CFA franc
1460:Third World Quarterly
967:Republic of the Congo
838:
655:
561:European Central Bank
520:European Central Bank
222:French Fifth Republic
143:European Central Bank
74:) is the name of two
35:
2486:French Guianan franc
2320:New Caledonian franc
1831:Presidential Council
1454:Taylor, Ian (2019).
1006:A F.CFA 1 coin.
469:joins (1 franc = 65
2781:Fixed exchange rate
2680:US occupation franc
2601:Ruanda-Urundi franc
2536:Luxembourgish franc
2366:Liechtenstein franc
1821:Republic of Dahomey
1606:on 12 December 2012
1516:3 July 2013 at the
1243:on 22 December 2019
544:European Commission
458:joins (1 franc = 4
409:Mauritanian ouguiya
302:metropolitan France
277:fixed exchange rate
134:fixed exchange rate
71:[fʁɑ̃seɛfɑ]
2786:French West Africa
2628:Schaffhausen frank
2591:New Hebrides franc
1078:Numismatics portal
841:
658:
275:in order to set a
259:immediately after
111:ISO currency codes
54:
2753:
2752:
2698:Westphalian frank
2670:Unterwalden frank
2238:
2237:
2203:
2202:
2067:
2066:
1998:
1997:
1973:Political parties
1929:Foreign relations
1901:
1900:
987:Equatorial Guinea
941:Equatorial Guinea
577:Alassane Ouattara
456:Equatorial Guinea
190:Equatorial Guinea
154:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
2798:
2766:Economy of Benin
2684:
2665:
2664:
2618:St. Gallen frank
2613:
2586:
2585:
2574:Monégasque franc
2569:Martinique franc
2549:
2543:
2516:Guadeloupe franc
2511:Graubünden frank
2466:Dominican franco
2451:
2403:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2356:
2355:
2349:Djiboutian franc
2339:
2338:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2242:
2223:
2216:
2078:
2034:
2009:
1912:
1861:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1751:
1736:
1722:
1718:
1675:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1602:. Archived from
1592:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1556:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1526:
1520:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1483:
1466:(6): 1064–1088.
1451:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1384:
1372:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1164:
1111:Djiboutian franc
1080:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1027:
1015:
1003:
965:
963:
962:
952:
950:
949:
939:
937:
936:
926:
924:
923:
913:
911:
910:
900:
898:
897:
884:
870:
862:
856:
814:
812:
811:
801:
799:
798:
788:
786:
785:
775:
773:
772:
762:
760:
759:
749:
747:
746:
736:
734:
733:
723:
721:
720:
707:
693:
685:
679:
673:
637:
494:and ruled that:
229:
218:French Community
215:
209:
104:
87:
73:
48:
40:
21:
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2799:
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2771:Economy of Chad
2756:
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2723:
2707:
2682:
2638:Solothurn frank
2521:Katangese franc
2461:Cambodian franc
2434:Appenzell frank
2424:Albanian Franga
2407:
2344:Congolese franc
2293:Burundian franc
2281:
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2199:
2146:
2120:Public holidays
2063:
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1994:
1956:Law enforcement
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1199:
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1096:Congolese franc
1076:
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1069:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1048:
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1031:
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528:Comorian francs
480:
398:Malagasy ariary
359:
320:Exchange rate:
311:
285:French colonies
249:
244:
202:
162:
107:Central African
46:
45:
38:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
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2650:
2645:
2640:
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2615:
2603:
2598:
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2588:
2579:Moroccan franc
2576:
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2561:
2559:Malagasy franc
2556:
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2533:
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2523:
2518:
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2508:
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2473:
2468:
2463:
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2453:
2441:
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2413:
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2387:
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2018:
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1596:"Présentation"
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1268:. 21 May 2020.
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829:Main article:
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646:Main article:
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394:its own francs
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2379:
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2376:
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2359:
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467:Guinea-Bissau
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188:colony), and
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182:Guinea-Bissau
179:
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159:
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146:
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139:
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59:
51:
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34:
30:
19:
2703:Zürich frank
2683:(unofficial)
2633:Schwyz frank
2564:Malian franc
2554:Luzern frank
2526:Korçë frange
2506:Glarus frank
2501:Geneva franc
2471:French franc
2419:Aargau frank
2297:
2275:
2190:Prostitution
2152:Demographics
2049:Trade unions
2030:
1939:Human rights
1919:Constitution
1836:Kérékou coup
1646:(in English)
1628:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1543:
1524:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1463:
1459:
1449:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1394:. Retrieved
1353:. Retrieved
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1274:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1231:
1188:. Retrieved
1179:(1): 25–61.
1176:
1172:
1064:Money portal
985:
974:
971:
844:
842:
820:
738:Burkina Faso
661:
659:
642:West African
620:
617:Institutions
609:
594:The broader
593:
573:
569:French franc
557:
524:central bank
481:
438:French franc
427:French franc
360:
348:
319:
315:French franc
312:
299:
269:French franc
261:World War II
257:French franc
250:
236:Institutions
231:
203:
163:
147:
131:
122:
114:
90:West African
57:
55:
29:
2693:Vlorë frank
2456:Berne frank
2439:Basel frank
2390:Swiss franc
2286:Circulating
2135:Paralympics
2016:Agriculture
1949:LGBT rights
1888:Departments
1717:(in French)
1656:(in French)
1481:10023/20714
1247:22 December
1126:Swiss franc
764:Ivory Coast
581:Ivory Coast
436:leaves for
425:leaves for
290:René Pleven
172:(excluding
2760:Categories
2745:Ural franc
2735:Gold franc
2688:Vaud franc
2606:Saar franc
2280:or similar
2272:Currencies
2105:Literature
2033:(currency)
2031:CFA franc
1934:Government
1826:Soglo coup
1396:5 February
1190:5 December
1137:References
1121:Reichsmark
981:euro coins
405:Mauritania
390:Madagascar
362:colonies.
192:(a former
186:Portuguese
184:(a former
178:Mauritania
95:, and the
76:currencies
36:Usage of:
2719:UIC franc
2675:Uri frank
2315:CFP franc
2298:CFA franc
2180:Languages
2165:Education
2054:Transport
1978:President
1966:Air Force
1924:Elections
1856:Geography
1721:Translate
1660:Translate
1564:AllAfrica
1490:159201283
1426:14 August
1106:CFP franc
885:, i.e., "
854:Franc CFA
708:, i.e., "
671:Franc CFA
281:US dollar
279:with the
253:CFP franc
93:countries
66:franc CFA
58:CFA franc
2728:See also
2230:Category
2195:Religion
2140:Football
2130:Olympics
1961:Military
1944:Abortion
1907:Politics
1883:Communes
1785:articles
1703:Archived
1639:Archived
1533:Archived
1514:Archived
1387:Archived
1086:AM-Franc
1036:See also
902:Cameroon
877:Cameroon
627:ISO 4217
623:ISO 4217
508:Eurozone
500:monetary
460:bipkwele
273:devalued
247:Creation
238:below).
125:for the
117:for the
2712:Private
2611:Franken
2412:Defunct
2395:Franken
2371:Franken
2214:Outline
2090:Cuisine
2073:Culture
2044:Tourism
2039:Fishing
2004:Economy
1878:Climate
1868:Borders
1793:History
1731:,
1727:,
1719: (
1670:,
1666:,
1658: (
1610:20 July
1582:REUTERS
993:Gallery
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