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449:. These messages necessarily assume that the recipient has similar visual capabilities and can understand basic mathematics and geometry. A common critique of pictorial systems is that they presume a shared understanding of special shapes, which may not be the case with a species with substantially different vision, and therefore a different way of interpreting visual information. For instance, an arrow representing the movement of some object might be misinterpreted as a weapon firing.
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868:. This electric musical instrument produces a quasi-monochromatic signal, which is easily detectable across interstellar distances. There were seven musical compositions in the First Theremin Concert for Aliens. The 14-minute analog transmission of the theremin concert would take almost 50 hours by digital means; see
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Primarily, this structure modeling focuses on the search for generic human and inter-species language universals to devise computational methods by which language may be discriminated from non-language, and core structural syntactic elements of unknown languages may be detected. Aims of this research
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This research focuses on the event that we receive a signal or message that is either not directed at us (eavesdropping) or one that is in its natural communicative form. To tackle this difficult, but probable scenario, methods are being developed that will detect if a signal has structure indicative
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project to transmit crowdsourced messages to extraterrestrial intelligence (METI). This was followed by an attempt to extend the syntax used in the Lone Signal hailing message to communicate in a way that, while neither mathematical nor strictly logical, was nonetheless understandable given the prior
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Algorithmic communication systems are a relatively new field within CETI. In these systems, which build upon early work on mathematical languages, the sender describes a small set of mathematic and logic symbols that form the basis for a rudimentary programming language that the recipient can run on
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bitmap that, when properly arranged into 73 rows and 23 columns, shows the numbers one through ten; the atomic numbers of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus; the formulas for the sugars and bases that make up the nucleotides of DNA; the number of nucleotides in the human genome; the
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Minsky, Marvin, talk given at
Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI), Proceedings of a conference held at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, Yerevan, USSR, 5–11 September 1971. Edited by Carl Sagan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1973. p.
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was convinced that pinpoints of light observed on Mars and Venus were the lights of large cities. He spent years of his life trying to get funding for a giant mirror with which to signal the
Martians. The mirror would be focused on the Martian desert, where the intense reflected sunlight could be
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The problem goal is therefore to separate language from non-language without dialogue, and learn something about the structure of language in the passing. The language may not be human (animals, aliens, computers, etc.), the perceptual space may be unknown, and human language structure cannot be
1048:. Algorithmic communication has a number of advantages over static pictorial and mathematical messages, including: localized communication (the recipient can probe and interact with the programs within a message, without transmitting a reply to the sender and then waiting years for a response),
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messages consisted of a few digital sections – "Rosetta Stone", a copy of the
Arecibo Message, the Bilingual Image Glossary, and the Braastad message – as well as text, audio, video, and other image files submitted for transmission by people around the world. The "Rosetta Stone" was composed by
1130:, while many (but not all) other data sequences do not. It has been proposed that an alien language also might conform to such a distribution. When displayed in a log-log graph of frequency vs. rank, this distribution would appear as a somewhat straight line with a slope of approximately -1.
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Dr John
Elliott: research into developing strategies, which are based on receiving a 'natural' language message, that look at developing algorithms to detect if an ET signal has intelligent-like structure and if so, then how to decipher its content. Author of many papers in this area and a
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had previously been observed on the dark side of Venus, and he postulated that it was caused by a great fire festival put on by the inhabitants to celebrate their new emperor. Later he revised his position, stating that the
Venusians could be burning their rainforest to make more farmland.
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that is constructed by connecting coordinates in an n-dimensional space via mathematics and logic operations, for example: (1,0,0) <-- (OR (0,0,1) (0,0,2)). Using this method, one may describe an arbitrarily complex computing substrate as well as the instructions to be executed on it.
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contributor to SETI's book on interstellar communication. Other contributions include message design and construction; member of: International
Academy of Astronautics, SETI Permanent Study Group; International Task Group for the Post-detection identification of unknown radio signals.
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Section 1 represents a coherent-sounding radio signal with slow
Doppler wavelength tuning to imitate transmission from the Sun's center. This signal was transmitted in order to help extraterrestrials detect the TAM and diagnose the radio propagation effect of the interstellar medium.
1052:(the message might contain algorithms that process data elsewhere in the message), and the ability to embed proxy agents within the message. In principle, a sophisticated program when run on a fast enough computing substrate, may exhibit complex behavior and perhaps, intelligence.
257:, could be used to communicate with other planets, and that he even had observed repetitive signals of what he believed were extraterrestrial radio communications coming from Venus or Mars in 1899. These "signals" turned out to be terrestrial radiation, however.
526:, and represents a multi-page bitmap that builds a vocabulary of symbols representing numbers and mathematical operations. The message proceeds from basic mathematics to progressively more complex concepts, including physical processes and objects (such as a
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was a good idea. That same week, a statement was released, signed by many in the SETI community, that a "worldwide scientific, political, and humanitarian discussion must occur before any message is sent". On 28 March 2015, a related essay was written by
314:, "Astraglossa" is an essay describing a system for combining numbers and operators in a series of short and long pulses. In Hogben's system, short pulses represent numbers, while trains of long pulses represent symbols for addition, subtraction, etc.
292:, expands upon Astraglossa to create a general-purpose language derived from basic mathematics and logic symbols. Several researchers have expanded further upon Freudenthal's work. A dictionary resembling Lincos was featured in the Carl Sagan novel
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was created; the first person to establish interplanetary communication would be awarded 100,000 francs, under one stipulation: Mars was excluded because Madame Guzman thought communicating with Mars would be too easy to deserve a prize.
225:, which stated that the farthest planets from the sun are the oldest – therefore Mars was more likely to have advanced civilizations than Venus. Subsequent investigations focused on contacting Martians. In 1877,
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announced he had discovered "canali" ("channels" in
Italian, which occur naturally, and mistranslated as "canals", which are artificial) on Mars. This was followed by thirty years of enthusiasm about the possibility of
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in the company of dolphins. He tried to determine whether he could communicate non-verbally with dolphins, and also tried to determine if some extraterrestrial radio signals are intelligent communications. Similarly,
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If a sequence can be tokenized, that is, separated into "words", an unknown human language may be distinguished from many other data sequences by the frequency distribution of the tokens. Human languages conform to a
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of an intelligent source, categorize the type of structure detected, and then decipher its content, from its physical level encoding and patterns to the parts-of-speech that encode internal and external ontologies.
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double helix structure of DNA; a simple illustration of a human being and its height; the human population of Earth; a diagram of the Solar System; and an illustration of the
Arecibo telescope with its diameter.
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spacecraft when they launched in 1972 and 1973. The plaques depict the specific location of the Solar System within the galaxy and the Earth within the Solar System, as well as the form of the human body.
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researcher): Believes that aliens may think similarly to humans because of shared constraints, permitting communication. First proposed the idea of including algorithms within an interstellar message.
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in a stream of tokens may indicate whether the stream contains linguistic or other structured content. If the line angles at 45°, the stream contains such content. If the line is flat, it does not.
187:, that was proposed to be a signal for extraterrestrials. The sum of two squares whose sides are the two legs (blue and red) is equal to the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (purple).
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by teaching dolphins
English (successful with rhythms, not with understandability, given their different mouth/blowhole shapes). He practiced various disciplines of spirituality and also ingested
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include contributing to the understanding of language structure and the detection of intelligent language-like features in signals, in order to aid the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
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that were inscribed with diagrams similar to the Pioneer plaques, depicting the human form, the Solar System, and its location. Also included were recordings of images and sounds from Earth.
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thought he saw a giant city and evidence of agriculture on the Moon, but astronomers using more powerful instruments refuted his claims. Gruithuisen also believed he saw evidence of life on
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2293:"Increasing our ignorance of language: identifying language structure in an unknown signal' Proceedings of CoNLL-2000: International Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning"
95:, discovered by archeologists. Much of the research effort is directed at how to overcome similar problems of decipherment that arise in many scenarios of interplanetary communication.
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atom). The message was designed with a noise-resistant format and characters that make it resistant to alteration by noise. These messages were transmitted in 1999 and 2003 from
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compare the complexity of cetacean and human languages to help determine whether a specific signal from space is complex enough to represent a message that needs to be decoded.
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Some researchers have concluded that in order to communicate with extraterrestrial species, humanity must first try to communicate with Earth's intelligent animal species.
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Section 3 represents a well-known Arecibo-like binary digital information: the logotype of the TAM, bilingual Russian and English greeting to aliens, and image glossary.
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as a sort of blackboard. Giant trenches several hundred yards wide could delineate twenty-mile-wide shapes. Then the trenches would be filled with water, and then enough
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In the 19th century, many books and articles speculated about the possible inhabitants of other planets. Many people believed that intelligent beings might live on the
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Laurence Doyle (SETI Institute): studies animal communication, and has developed statistical measures of complexity in animal utterances as well as human language.
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presumed, but must begin somewhere. The language signal should be approached from a naive viewpoint, increasing ignorance and assuming as little as possible.
1031:-2 message contained text, images, video, music, the Dutil/Dumas message, a copy of the 1974 Arecibo message, BIG = Bilingual Image Glossary, the AI program
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87:, algorithmic communication systems (ACETI), and computational approaches to detecting and deciphering "natural" language communication. There remain many
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Since travel to other planets was not possible at the time, some people suggested ways to signal extraterrestrials even before radio was discovered.
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tundra. The outlines of the shapes would have been ten-mile-wide strips of pine forest, whereas the interiors could be filled with rye or wheat.
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2012:
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is a paper describing a language similar in syntax to Astraglossa and Lincos, but which builds its vocabulary around known physical properties.
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There are multiple independent organizations and individuals engaged in CETI research; the generic application of abbreviations CETI and SETI (
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1502:"Statement - Regarding Messaging To Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) / Active Searches For Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Active SETI)"
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that theoretically could be understood by another technological civilization. The best-known CETI experiment of its kind was the 1974
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Elliott, John (2002b). "The filtration of inter-galactic objets trouvés and the identification of the Lingua ex Machina hierarchy".
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Pictorial communication systems seek to describe fundamental mathematical or physical concepts via simplified diagrams sent as
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Sagan also edited a nonfiction book on the subject. An updated collection of articles on the same topic was published in 2011.
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to six star systems resembling that of the Sun on August 29 and September 3 and 4, 2001. The message consists of three parts:
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could be poured on top of the water to burn for six hours. Using this method, a different signal could be sent every night.
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Elliott, J; Atwell, E. (2000). "Is anybody out there: the detection of intelligent and generic language-like features".
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messages, as well as a general technique for generating 2-D symbols that remain recognizable even if corrupted by noise.
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Proceedings of IASTED International Conference on Circuits, Signals and Systems, (CSS 2004), Clearwater Beach, Florida
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A plot of the rank versus frequency for the first 10 million words in 30 Wikipedias (dumps from October 2015) in a
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explored in some depth how a message might be constructed to allow communication with an alien civilization, using
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Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics (Book 28)
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By the late 1800s, the possibility of life on the Moon was put to rest. Astronomers at that time believed in the
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Brian McConnell: developed framework for algorithmic communication systems (ACETI) from 2000 to 2002.
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2554:"Animal Communications, Information Theory, and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)"
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McConnell, Brian S. 2002 Algorithmic Communication with ETI & Mixed Media Message Composition
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1982:
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72:) in this article should not be taken as referring to any particular organization (such as the
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Proceedings of 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)
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NASA SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Microwave Observing Project sites in 1992
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2582:"Information theory, animal communication, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence"
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1939:
Devito, C. & Oerle, R (1990). "A Language Based on the Fundamental Facts of Science".
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Doyle, Laurance R.; Mccowan, Brenda; Johnston, Simon; Hanser, Sean F. (February 2011).
1768:
1603:
1561:"Venus-Earth-Mars: Comparative Climatology and the Search for Life in the Solar System"
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1501:
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1335:
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In 2010, Michael W. Busch created a general-purpose binary language later used in the
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Meanwhile, other astronomers were looking for signs of life on other planets. In 1822,
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2495:
Zaitsev, A (August 29, 2001). "Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI)".
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942:
337:
261:
246:
238:
231:
128:
118:, discussed active SETI and whether transmitting a message to possible intelligent
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2261:
Proceedings of World Space Congress: The 53rd International Astronautical Congress
1447:
249:
mentioned many times during his career that he thought his inventions such as his
2949:
2481:
2375:"'Through The Wormhole' Host Morgan Freeman: 'We Can't Be' Alone In The Universe"
2131:
1742:
4004:
3926:
3901:
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2750:, 16, 78 (1962). Reprinted in A. G. W. Cameron, ed., Interstellar Communication.
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Section 2 is analog information representing musical melodies performed on the
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3931:
3906:
3747:
3681:
3559:
3478:
2922:
2762:
Vakoch, D. A. (Ed.). (2011) - Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence
2403:"Through the Wormhole: Information Theory : Video : Science Channel"
2179:"First stage identification of syntactic elements, An extraterrestrial signal"
1219:
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1795:
1003:
908:
735:
2292:
1952:
1612:
340:
as a starting point, followed by various universal principles and facts of
2724:
Beyond Contact: A Guide to SETI and Communicating with Alien Civilizations
3865:
3423:
3398:
3310:
3303:
3198:
3129:
1478:
1326:
1061:
983:
865:
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570:
527:
199:
92:
51:
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2501:
1585:
1262:, Scientific Manager of transmitting from Evpatoria Planetary Radar the
1254:
with Boris Pshenichner, Lev Gindilis, Lilia Filippova, et al., composed
849:, Gindilis, Pshenichner, Filippova) and teens, was transmitted from the
179:
3208:
3183:
2887:
1626:
Garelik, Glenn; Nash, J. Madeleine; Woodbury, Richard (July 18, 1988).
1382:
1114:
854:
636:
610:
363:
Busch general-purpose binary language used in Lone Signal transmissions
173:
30:
2656:
2183:
Proceedings of IAC 2001: The 52nd International Astronautical Congress
3691:
3203:
3111:
842:
446:
372:
definition of terms and concepts in the Lone Signal hailing message.
195:
123:
1818:. Vol. 18, no. 3. July 20, 1931. p. 3. Archived from
541:
Star systems to which the messages were sent include the following:
4099:
438:
Example of a high-resolution pictorial message to potential eti at
2086:"Extending the syntax used by the Lone Signal Active SETI project"
1987:
1108:
1088:(a.k.a. LGM), developed by Brian McConnell, describes a universal
499:
433:
210:
178:
154:
2291:
Elliott, J; Atwell, E & Whyte, B (2000). Daelemans, W (ed.).
1774:
Wizard: the life and times of Nikola Tesla: biography of a genius
2973:
1659:. AAPPL Artists & Photographers Press, Limited. p. 52.
1223:
1155:
1131:
150:
146:
3751:
2772:
2157:"Unsupervised Discovery of Language Structure in Audio Signals"
1699:
Owen, T. C. (2001) "Solar system: origin of the solar system",
2330:
Elliott, John (2007). "A post-detection decipherment matrix".
1322:
1222:: co-authored the Arecibo message and was heavily involved in
1210:
1190:
1066:
878:
Star systems to which the message was sent are the following:
1138:
explains that the slope of a line that represents individual
2062:
1213:
2753:
Oberhaus, D. (2019) Extraterrestrial Languages. MIT Press.
2704:
Communication with Alien Intelligence, 1985, Marvin Minsky
3969:
Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication
1448:"Should We Call the Cosmos Seeking ET? Or Is That Risky?"
1239:
Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication
1636:. Vol. 132, no. 3. p. 50. Archived from
4052:
3712:
Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
1285:) created the binary encoding system for the ongoing
355:
Published in 1992 by Carl Devito and Richard Oehrle,
2676:
Dumas, Stepane. The 1999 and 2003 messages explained
538:. Richard Braastad coordinated the overall project.
357:
A language based on the fundamental facts of science
351:
A language based on the fundamental facts of science
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3894:
3828:
3785:
3632:
3568:
3507:
3462:
3320:
3120:
3025:
2989:
2942:
2899:
2872:
2865:
2806:
2518:"Clasificación de Mensajes de Radio Interestelares"
290:
Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse
116:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2295:: 25–30 Association for Computational Linguistics.
2128:"Передача и поиски разумных сигналов во Вселенной"
1767:
1717:"A Short History of Martian Canals and Mars Fever"
1637:
3092:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
3082:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
234:. Eventually the Martian canals proved illusory.
3815:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
3379:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
1927:Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence
1903:Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence
40:communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
18:Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence
2657:Braastad, Richard, The Extraterrestrial Sermons
2237:Elliott, J. (2002a). "Detecting languageness".
1296:) is the chief science officer for the ongoing
79:CETI research has focused on four broad areas:
1966:Busch, Michael W.; Reddick, Rachel M. (2010).
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2784:
2712:(revised). New York: The Viking Press (1958)
2286:
2284:
2282:
2254:
2252:
2232:
2230:
2201:Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
2194:
2192:
2177:Elliott, J; Atwell, E & Whyte, B (2001).
1941:Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
168:that a giant triangle and three squares, the
8:
2533:"The Ketamine Secrets of 'Ecco the Dolphin'"
2325:
2323:
2172:
2170:
2150:
2148:
2122:
2120:
870:The First Musical Interstellar Radio Message
242:used to burn figures into the Martian sand.
3687:History of the extraterrestrial life debate
3384:Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal
2743:Morrison, P. "Interstellar Communication",
1776:. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Pub. p.
1420:"Greetings, E.T. (Please Don't Murder Us.)"
534:in Russia under the scientific guidance of
98:On 13 February 2015, scientists (including
3770:
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3748:
3002:Planetary habitability in the Solar System
2869:
2791:
2777:
2769:
2405:. Discovery Communications. Archived from
2013:"Testing SETI Messages (Extended version)"
2500:
1986:
1602:
1584:
83:languages, pictorial systems such as the
4172:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
3820:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
3429:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
3097:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
2668:Cattermole, P., & Moore, P. (1997).
1686:Cattermole, P., & Moore, P. (1997).
1533:"Should We Keep a Low Profile in Space?"
1023:Cosmic Call 2 (Cosmic Call 2003) message
880:
851:70-m dish of Evpatoria Deep Space Center
543:
374:
70:search for extraterrestrial intelligence
48:search for extraterrestrial intelligence
29:
4059:
3234:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
2433:"Communication with Alien Intelligence"
2011:Busch, Michael W.; Reddick, Rachel. M.
1559:Launius, Roger D. (19 September 2012).
1410:
2309:
2298:
2106:
2095:
2039:
2028:
3135:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
2726:. O'Reilly, Cambridge, Massachusetts
2627:Stirone, Shannon (February 7, 2019).
2575:
2573:
2548:
2546:
1446:Borenstein, Seth (13 February 2015).
269:Mathematical and scientific languages
50:(SETI) that focuses on composing and
7:
3087:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
3072:Habitability of neutron star systems
2832:Viking lander biological experiments
1975:Astrobiology Science Conference 2010
1474:"Scientist: 'Try to contact aliens'"
3836:List of interstellar radio messages
3062:Habitability of binary star systems
3037:Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems
2747:Philosophical Society of Washington
2710:Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel
1836:Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel
1744:Rockets, missiles, and space travel
498:, transmitted in 1974, was a 1,679-
3697:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
3540:Hypothetical types of biochemistry
3067:Habitability of natural satellites
2692:Martin, Martin C. 1991 SETI Puzzle
1715:Chayka, Kyle (28 September 2015).
1507:University of California, Berkeley
1472:Ghosh, Pallab (12 February 2015).
1373:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
1242:, a 2014 essay collection on CETI.
1065:, designed by Paul Fitzpatrick at
25:
3077:Habitability of red dwarf systems
2757:Team Encounter, Cosmic Call, 2003
2460:"A Teen-Age Message to the Stars"
2458:Zaitsev, Alexander (2002-03-18).
457:Two etched plaques, known as the
4134:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4035:
4024:
4023:
3229:Life Investigation For Enceladus
2373:Freeman, David (March 5, 2012).
1418:Johnson, Steven (28 June 2017).
1274:2003, Scientific consultant for
91:in human communication, such as
2606:10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.11.018
2352:10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.02.006
2273:10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.08.012
3219:Journey to Enceladus and Titan
1968:"Testing SETI Messages Design"
114:) at an annual meeting of the
1:
3352:Berkeley SETI Research Center
3052:Extraterrestrial liquid water
2672:. Cambridge University Press.
2482:"Interstellar Radio Messages"
1690:. Cambridge University Press.
1656:Our Universe: An Introduction
1186:messages with Stephane Dumas.
3672:Extraterrestrials in fiction
3545:Interplanetary contamination
3042:Circumstellar habitable zone
2926:(unusual light fluctuations)
2918:(unusual light fluctuations)
2910:(unusual light fluctuations)
2531:Jone, Tom (March 16, 2015).
1929:. SUNY Press, 2011, 500 pgs.
1853:. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
1500:Various (13 February 2015).
1035:, and the Braastad message.
999:
979:
961:
940:
919:
901:
787:
762:
733:
707:
681:
652:
626:
597:
568:
396:
280:Lincos (artificial language)
194:proposed in 1819 to use the
89:undeciphered writing systems
3779:Interstellar communications
3530:Extraterrestrial hypothesis
1849:Freudenthal H, ed. (1960).
1769:"Martian Fever (1895–1896)"
1425:The New York Times Magazine
461:, were included aboard the
207:Franz von Paula Gruithuisen
4188:
3244:Mars sample-return mission
2629:"Meet the Alien Whisperer"
2516:Alexander Zaitsev (2011).
2267:(3–4): IAA–02–IAA.9.2.10.
1368:Human–animal communication
1315:interspecies communication
1305:Interspecies communication
1172:Stephane Dumas: developed
828:
277:
164:is often credited with an
4018:
2997:Earliest known life forms
2722:McConnell, Brian S. 2001
2480:Zaitsev, A (5 Oct 2006).
1880:. New York: W.W. Norton.
1874:Hogben, Lancelot (1963).
1097:Natural language messages
532:Evpatoria Planetary Radar
3798:Breakthrough Initiatives
3362:Breakthrough Initiatives
2059:"Lone Signal – Encoding"
1766:Seifer, Marc J. (1996).
1260:Cosmic Call 2003 Message
1256:Bilingual Image Glossary
1248:(IRE, Russia): composed
1050:forward error correction
253:, used in the role of a
172:, could be drawn on the
3466:extraterrestrial beings
3057:Galactic habitable zone
2764:, New York: SUNY Press.
1702:Encyclopædia Britannica
1628:"Space: Onward to Mars"
1571:(3). MDPI AG: 255–273.
274:Lincos (Lingua cosmica)
223:Kant-Laplace hypothesis
3614:Planetarium hypothesis
3604:Hart–Tipler conjecture
3589:Dark forest hypothesis
3579:Aestivation hypothesis
3298:Venus In Situ Explorer
3102:Planetary habitability
2891:(misidentified quasar)
2883:(misidentified pulsar)
2308:Cite journal requires
2105:Cite journal requires
2038:Cite journal requires
1705:, Deluxe CDROM edition
1158:pioneer, composed the
1118:
478:Launched in 1977, the
442:
188:
35:
4167:Interstellar messages
4162:Technology in society
4157:Extraterrestrial life
3990:Extraterrestrial life
3917:Sebastian von Hoerner
3886:Voyager Golden Record
3717:Post-detection policy
3619:Rare Earth hypothesis
3444:Voyager Golden Record
3337:Allen Telescope Array
3172:Enceladus Life Finder
3107:Superhabitable planet
2800:Extraterrestrial life
1112:
1073:that is derived from
437:
310:Published in 1963 by
284:Published in 1960 by
227:Giovanni Schiaparelli
192:Joseph Johann Littrow
182:
55:interstellar messages
46:) is a branch of the
33:
3841:A Message from Earth
3808:Breakthrough Message
3707:Planetary protection
3594:Firstborn hypothesis
3584:Berserker hypothesis
3555:Mediocrity principle
3372:Breakthrough Message
2990:Life in the Universe
2155:Elliott, J. (2004).
2084:Chapman, Charles R.
1901:Sagan, Carl (1973).
1877:Science in Authority
1822:on November 8, 2007.
1300:active SETI project.
1276:A Message From Earth
1226:throughout his life.
1128:Zipfian distribution
1039:Algorithmic messages
820:Multi-modal messages
536:Alexander L. Zaitsev
507:Cosmic Call messages
183:Illustration of the
162:Carl Friedrich Gauss
3937:Linda Salzman Sagan
3846:Across the Universe
3803:Breakthrough Listen
3520:Directed panspermia
3499:Reptilian humanoids
3367:Breakthrough Listen
3347:Arecibo Observatory
3293:Titan Mare Explorer
2866:Signals of interest
2826:Murchison meteorite
2814:Shergotty meteorite
2598:2011AcAau..68..406D
2344:2007AcAau..61..712E
2213:2000JBIS...53...13E
2185:: AA–01–IAA.9.2.07.
1997:2010LPICo1538.5070B
1838:. The Viking Press.
1834:Ley, Willy (1958).
1642:on August 28, 2008.
1586:10.3390/life2030255
1577:2012Life....2..255L
1292:Jacob Haqq Misra: (
1281:Michael W. Busch: (
1086:Logic Gate Matrices
1081:Logic Gate Matrices
482:probes carried two
300:its film adaptation
255:"resonant receiver"
185:Pythagorean theorem
3642:Ancient astronauts
3239:Mars Geyser Hopper
3167:Enceladus Explorer
2807:Events and objects
2697:2005-02-13 at the
2662:2016-08-03 at the
1653:Moore, P. (2006).
1538:The New York Times
1189:Paul Fitzpatrick (
1154:(SETI Institute):
1119:
443:
430:Pictorial messages
189:
134:The New York Times
36:
4050:
4049:
3947:Aleksandr Zaitsev
3922:Nikolai Kardashev
3745:
3744:
3275:SpaceX Red Dragon
3190:Rosalind Franklin
2985:
2984:
2844:Allan Hills 84001
2838:Allan Hills 77005
2586:Acta Astronautica
2332:Acta Astronautica
1925:Vakoch, Douglas.
1860:978-0-444-53393-7
1787:978-1-55972-329-9
1721:Popular Mechanics
1666:978-1-904332-41-1
1531:(28 March 2015).
1393:Waterhole (radio)
1319:psychedelic drugs
1246:Alexander Zaitsev
1020:
1019:
1013:September 4, 2001
993:September 4, 2001
973:September 3, 2001
955:September 3, 2001
934:September 3, 2001
817:
816:
427:
426:
260:Around 1900, the
131:and published in
120:extraterrestrials
16:(Redirected from
4179:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4066:
4058:
4039:
4027:
4026:
4010:San Marino Scale
3980:Astrolinguistics
3912:Hans Freudenthal
3881:Teen Age Message
3871:Hello from Earth
3772:
3765:
3758:
3749:
3722:San Marino Scale
3662:Brookings Report
3609:Neocatastrophism
3515:Cosmic pluralism
3489:Little green men
3464:Types of alleged
3389:Astrolinguistics
2978:
2970:
2969:(unknown origin)
2966:Fast radio burst
2962:
2954:
2935:
2934:(unknown origin)
2931:HD 164595 signal
2927:
2919:
2911:
2892:
2884:
2870:
2820:Nakhla meteorite
2793:
2786:
2779:
2770:
2745:Bulletin of the
2682:Active SETI Page
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2592:(3–4): 406–417.
2577:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2409:on 29 March 2013
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2338:(7–8): 712–715.
2327:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2124:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2088:. Archived from
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2065:on June 20, 2013
2061:. Archived from
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2024:
2018:. Archived from
2017:
2007:
2005:
1999:. Archived from
1990:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1741:Ley, W. (1953).
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1588:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1415:
1363:Astrolinguistics
1289:hailing message.
1268:Teen Age Message
1251:Teen Age Message
1197:system based on
1146:CETI researchers
881:
838:Teen-Age Message
831:Teen Age Message
825:Teen-Age Message
544:
440:Proxima Centauri
414:
375:
286:Hans Freudenthal
21:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4014:
3951:
3942:Iosif Shklovsky
3890:
3856:Bracewell probe
3851:Arecibo message
3824:
3781:
3776:
3746:
3741:
3737:Xenoarchaeology
3727:Technosignature
3628:
3564:
3550:Kardashev scale
3503:
3465:
3458:
3454:Xenolinguistics
3419:Project Phoenix
3409:Project Cyclops
3394:Lincos language
3357:Bracewell probe
3342:Arecibo message
3323:
3316:
3214:Icebreaker Life
3116:
3028:
3021:
2981:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2861:
2802:
2797:
2767:
2699:Wayback Machine
2680:Dutil, Dumas,
2664:Wayback Machine
2652:
2650:Further reading
2647:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2502:physics/0610031
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2382:Huffington Post
2377:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2307:
2297:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2104:
2094:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2037:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1947:(12): 561–568.
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1788:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1358:Animal language
1348:
1307:
1199:lambda calculus
1160:Arecibo message
1148:
1099:
1090:virtual machine
1083:
1075:lambda calculus
1071:virtual machine
1058:
1046:virtual machine
1041:
1025:
913:August 29, 2001
833:
827:
822:
509:
496:Arecibo message
492:
490:Arecibo message
476:
459:Pioneer plaques
455:
432:
412:
365:
353:
324:science fiction
320:
312:Lancelot Hogben
308:
282:
276:
271:
143:
104:David Grinspoon
85:Arecibo message
59:Arecibo message
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4185:
4183:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4032:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Drake equation
3982:
3977:
3972:
3965:
3963:Alien language
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Pioneer plaque
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3634:Related topics
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3624:Zoo hypothesis
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Drake equation
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3404:Pioneer plaque
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3254:Northern Light
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3181:
3178:Europa Clipper
3174:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3122:Space missions
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2977:(radio signal)
2971:
2963:
2961:(inconclusive)
2955:
2953:(radio source)
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2915:EPIC 204278916
2912:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:978-0596000370
2720:
2718:978-1568493022
2706:
2701:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2670:Atlas of Venus
2666:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2619:
2569:
2558:SETI Institute
2542:
2523:
2508:
2487:
2472:
2450:
2431:(April 1985).
2429:Minsky, Marvin
2420:
2394:
2365:
2319:
2310:|journal=
2278:
2248:
2226:
2188:
2166:
2144:
2116:
2107:|journal=
2092:on 2014-08-21.
2076:
2050:
2040:|journal=
2025:on 2013-06-30.
2006:on 2013-07-01.
1958:
1931:
1918:
1911:
1893:
1886:
1866:
1859:
1841:
1826:
1801:
1786:
1758:
1747:. Viking Press
1733:
1707:
1692:
1688:Atlas of Venus
1679:
1665:
1645:
1618:
1551:
1520:
1492:
1464:
1438:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Pioneer plaque
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:Brenda McCowan
1336:Robert Freitas
1332:Laurance Doyle
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1290:
1279:
1270:2001, and the
1243:
1230:Douglas Vakoch
1227:
1217:
1204:
1201:
1187:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1147:
1144:
1136:Laurance Doyle
1098:
1095:
1082:
1079:
1069:, describes a
1057:
1054:
1040:
1037:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
991:
986:
981:
978:
977:
974:
971:
966:
963:
960:
959:
958:December 2057
956:
953:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
932:
927:
924:
918:
917:
916:February 2070
914:
911:
906:
903:
900:
899:
896:
893:
892:Constellation
890:
888:HD designation
885:
841:, composed by
829:Main article:
826:
823:
821:
818:
815:
814:
809:
806:
803:
798:
792:
786:
785:
780:
779:September 2044
777:
774:
769:
764:
761:
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755:
752:
749:
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738:
732:
731:
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723:
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709:
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694:
689:
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680:
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674:
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634:
628:
625:
624:
619:
616:
613:
608:
602:
596:
595:
590:
587:
584:
579:
573:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:Constellation
554:
548:
520:Stéphane Dumas
508:
505:
491:
488:
484:golden records
475:
474:Voyager probes
472:
454:
453:Pioneer probes
451:
431:
428:
425:
424:
419:
416:
410:
405:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
384:Constellation
382:
379:
364:
361:
352:
349:
319:
316:
307:
304:
278:Main article:
275:
272:
270:
267:
142:
139:
100:Douglas Vakoch
74:SETI Institute
27:Branch of SETI
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4184:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:Fermi paradox
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
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3961:
3960:
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3800:
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3735:
3733:
3730:
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3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
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3710:
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3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
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3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
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3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
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3637:
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3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:Fermi paradox
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:Fermi paradox
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Nordic aliens
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:Energy beings
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3324:communication
3319:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3017:Life on Titan
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Life on Venus
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:Misidentified
2871:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:Yamato 000593
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:EllaZ Systems
2685:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2634:
2633:Broken Nature
2630:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2439:. p. 127
2438:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2302:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2134:on 2012-02-10
2133:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2032:
2021:
2014:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1905:. MIT Press.
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1810:"Tesla at 75"
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1529:Shostak, Seth
1524:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:John C. Lilly
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:): editor of
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:Marvin Minsky
1205:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1193:): developed
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1016:January 2059
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
976:January 2059
975:
972:
970:
967:
964:
962:
957:
954:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
936:
933:
931:
928:
925:
923:
920:
915:
912:
910:
907:
904:
902:
898:Arrival date
897:
894:
891:
889:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
871:
867:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
832:
824:
819:
813:
812:Cosmic Call 2
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
784:
783:Cosmic Call 2
781:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
759:
758:Cosmic Call 2
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
742:
739:
737:
734:
730:
729:Cosmic Call 2
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
710:
708:
704:
703:Cosmic Call 2
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
687:
684:
682:
678:
677:Cosmic Call 1
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
661:
658:
656:
653:
649:
648:Cosmic Call 1
646:
643:
641:June 30, 1999
640:
638:
635:
632:
629:
627:
623:
622:Cosmic Call 1
620:
618:February 2057
617:
615:June 30, 1999
614:
612:
609:
606:
603:
601:
598:
594:
593:Cosmic Call 1
591:
589:November 2069
588:
585:
583:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
564:
562:Arrival date
561:
558:
555:
553:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
515:
506:
504:
501:
497:
489:
487:
485:
481:
473:
471:
468:
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
441:
436:
429:
423:
420:
417:
415:July 10, 2013
411:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
392:
390:Arrival date
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
376:
373:
370:
362:
360:
358:
350:
348:
345:
344:and science.
343:
339:
338:prime numbers
335:
331:
330:
325:
317:
315:
313:
305:
303:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
281:
273:
268:
266:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
243:
240:
237:The inventor
235:
233:
228:
224:
219:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
186:
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
166:1820 proposal
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
140:
138:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
4129:Solar System
4041:Space Portal
4034:
4022:
3975:Astrobiology
3967:
3814:
3732:UFO religion
3677:Extremophile
3657:Biosignature
3652:Astroecology
3647:Astrobiology
3599:Great Filter
3414:Project Ozma
3378:
3322:Interstellar
3309:
3302:
3280:
3268:Perseverance
3267:
3259:
3189:
3176:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3047:Earth analog
3029:habitability
3012:Life on Mars
2744:
2723:
2709:
2708:Ley, Willy.
2669:
2636:. Retrieved
2632:
2622:
2589:
2585:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:
2536:
2526:
2511:
2490:
2475:
2464:. Retrieved
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2436:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:the original
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:
2368:
2335:
2331:
2301:cite journal
2264:
2260:
2242:
2238:
2204:
2200:
2182:
2160:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2098:cite journal
2090:the original
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2053:
2031:cite journal
2020:the original
2001:the original
1978:
1974:
1961:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1921:
1902:
1896:
1876:
1869:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1820:the original
1813:
1804:
1773:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1743:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1710:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1655:
1648:
1639:the original
1631:
1621:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1536:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1505:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1477:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1388:Time capsule
1325:and (later)
1313:worked with
1308:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1237:
1194:
1183:
1182:: developed
1173:
1124:
1120:
1104:
1100:
1085:
1084:
1060:
1059:
1042:
1032:
1026:
877:
874:
863:
859:
845:scientists (
836:
834:
805:July 6, 2003
776:July 6, 2003
751:July 6, 2003
722:July 6, 2003
696:July 6, 2003
670:July 1, 1999
644:October 2067
586:May 24, 1999
550:Designation
540:
512:
510:
493:
477:
456:
444:
381:Designation
366:
356:
354:
346:
327:
322:In the 1985
321:
309:
293:
289:
283:
262:Guzman Prize
259:
247:Nikola Tesla
244:
239:Charles Cros
236:
232:life on Mars
220:
204:
190:
159:
144:
132:
129:Seth Shostak
108:Seth Shostak
97:
81:mathematical
78:
67:
61:composed by
43:
39:
37:
4117:Spaceflight
4005:Prix Guzman
3927:Jon Lomberg
3902:Frank Drake
3861:Cosmic Call
3793:Active SETI
3667:Exotheology
3479:Grey aliens
3332:Active SETI
3260:Opportunity
3140:BioSentinel
2958:Wow! signal
2907:KIC 8462852
2856:CI1 fossils
2462:. Cplire.ru
1513:14 February
1485:12 February
1457:14 February
1398:Wow! Signal
1353:Active SETI
1298:Lone Signal
1294:Lone Signal
1287:Lone Signal
1283:Lone Signal
1272:Cosmic Call
1264:Cosmic Call
1184:Cosmic Call
1174:Cosmic Call
1152:Frank Drake
1029:Cosmic Call
725:August 2040
514:Cosmic Call
422:Lone Signal
369:Lone Signal
342:mathematics
306:Astraglossa
215:Ashen light
63:Frank Drake
52:deciphering
4151:Categories
3932:Carl Sagan
3907:Ann Druyan
3702:Noogenesis
3682:Hemolithin
3560:Panspermia
3508:Hypotheses
3484:Insectoids
3449:Water hole
2950:SHGb02+14a
2923:VVV-WIT-07
2638:2021-01-12
2563:2021-01-12
2466:2012-08-21
2443:27 October
2245:: 323–328.
2138:2008-02-05
1912:0262191067
1887:1245639935
1405:References
1266:1999, the
1220:Carl Sagan
1180:Yvan Dutil
1134:scientist
937:July 2047
930:Ursa Major
895:Date sent
801:Ursa Major
699:April 2036
692:Cassiopeia
673:April 2051
559:Date sent
524:Yvan Dutil
467:Pioneer 11
463:Pioneer 10
413:2013-07-10
398:Gliese 526
387:Date sent
334:Carl Sagan
318:Carl Sagan
251:Tesla coil
170:Pythagoras
112:David Brin
4093:Astronomy
3572:solutions
3439:setiQuest
3434:SETI@home
3249:Mars 2020
3224:Laplace-P
3161:Dragonfly
3146:Curiosity
3027:Planetary
2614:0094-5765
2360:0094-5765
2221:0007-084X
2207:: 13–22.
1988:0911.3976
1595:2075-1729
996:May 2057
909:Delphinus
772:Andromeda
245:Inventor
153:, and/or
4029:Category
3866:CosmicOS
3829:Messages
3786:Programs
3424:SERENDIP
3399:NIROSETI
3311:Viking 2
3304:Viking 1
3209:Foton-M3
3199:ExoLance
3130:Beagle 2
2695:Archived
2660:Archived
1981:: 5070.
1953:11540499
1796:33865102
1613:25371106
1544:29 March
1479:BBC News
1452:Phys.org
1346:See also
1327:ketamine
1321:such as
1278:project.
1195:CosmicOS
1062:CosmicOS
1056:CosmicOS
866:theremin
808:May 2049
767:HD 10307
754:May 2044
571:16 Cyg A
565:Message
528:hydrogen
393:Message
200:kerosene
174:Siberian
93:Linear A
4141:Science
4081:Society
4069:Biology
4055:Portals
3288:Tanpopo
3184:ExoMars
2888:CTA-102
2880:CP 1919
2594:Bibcode
2378:(video)
2340:Bibcode
2209:Bibcode
1993:Bibcode
1751:23 July
1726:23 July
1672:23 July
1604:4187128
1573:Bibcode
1431:28 June
1383:SETIcon
1115:log-log
855:Ukraine
847:Zaitsev
843:Russian
637:Sagitta
611:Sagitta
480:Voyager
447:bitmaps
329:Contact
295:Contact
141:History
122:in the
3995:Lincos
3895:People
3692:MERMOZ
3281:Spirit
3204:EXPOSE
3154:Darwin
3112:Tholin
2858:(2011)
2852:(2000)
2846:(1984)
2840:(1977)
2834:(1976)
2828:(1969)
2822:(1911)
2816:(1865)
2730:
2716:
2612:
2413:25 May
2387:25 May
2358:
2219:
2069:7 July
1951:
1909:
1884:
1857:
1794:
1784:
1663:
1611:
1601:
1593:
1140:tokens
1004:193664
965:126053
951:Gemini
943:37 Gem
922:47 UMa
905:197076
790:47 UMa
747:Cancer
736:55 Cnc
714:245409
666:Cygnus
662:190360
655:Gl 777
633:178428
607:190406
600:15 Sge
582:Cygnus
578:186408
408:Boötes
404:119850
326:novel
196:Sahara
124:cosmos
110:, and
4105:Stars
3956:Other
3283:rover
3270:rover
3262:rover
3192:rover
3148:rover
2943:Other
2900:Stars
2497:arXiv
2023:(PDF)
2016:(PDF)
2004:(PDF)
1983:arXiv
1971:(PDF)
1117:scale
1009:Draco
989:Hydra
984:76151
969:Virgo
947:50692
926:95128
884:Name
797:95128
743:75732
718:Orion
547:Name
500:pixel
378:Name
211:Venus
155:Venus
2974:BLC1
2728:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2610:ISSN
2537:Vice
2445:2013
2437:Byte
2415:2013
2389:2013
2356:ISSN
2314:help
2217:ISSN
2111:help
2071:2013
2044:help
1979:1538
1949:PMID
1907:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1815:Time
1792:OCLC
1782:ISBN
1753:2018
1728:2018
1674:2018
1661:ISBN
1633:Time
1609:PMID
1591:ISSN
1565:Life
1546:2015
1515:2015
1487:2015
1459:2015
1433:2017
1338:and
1258:for
1234:METI
1224:SETI
1156:SETI
1132:SETI
1033:Ella
1027:The
835:The
688:4872
522:and
511:The
494:The
465:and
418:2031
298:and
151:Mars
147:Moon
44:CETI
38:The
2602:doi
2348:doi
2269:doi
1778:157
1599:PMC
1581:doi
1323:LSD
1211:MIT
1191:MIT
1067:MIT
853:in
686:Hip
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