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1111:, OSP engineers are responsible for the structural design and placement of cellular towers and telephone poles as well as calculating pole capabilities of existing telephone or power poles onto which new plant is being added. Structural calculations are required when boring under heavy traffic areas such as highways or when attaching to other structures such as bridges. Shoring also has to be taken into consideration for larger trenches or pits. Conduit structures often include encasements of slurry that needs to be designed to support the structure and withstand the environment around it (soil type, high traffic areas, etc.).
1134:(CAD) software, for how telecom plant facilities will be placed. Often when working with municipalities trenching or boring permits are required and drawings must be made for these. Often these drawings include about 70% or so of the detailed information required to pave a road or add a turn lane to an existing street. Structural calculations are required when boring under heavy traffic areas such as highways or when attaching to other structures such as bridges. As civil engineers, telecom engineers provide the modern communications backbone for all technological communications distributed throughout civilizations today.
1087:, is then installed to allow connections to be made more easily from the wire center to the destination point and ties up fewer facilities by not having dedication facilities from the wire center to every destination point. The plant is then taken directly to its destination point or to another small closure called a terminal, where access can also be gained to the plant, if necessary. These access points are preferred as they allow faster repair times for customers and save telephone operating companies large amounts of money.
254:
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1145:, the OSP engineer is a telephone operating company's face and voice to the local authorities and other utilities. OSP engineers often meet with municipalities, construction companies and other utility companies to address their concerns and educate them about how the telephone utility works and operates. Additionally, the OSP engineer has to secure real estate in which to place outside facilities, such as an easement to place a cross-connect box.
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more power, clocking, and alarm monitoring facilities if there are currently not enough available to support the new equipment being installed. Finally, the CO engineer is responsible for designing how the massive amounts of cable will be distributed to various equipment and wiring frames throughout the wire center and overseeing the installation and turn up of all new equipment.
1072:(OSP) engineers are also often called field engineers, because they frequently spend much time in the field taking notes about the civil environment, aerial, above ground, and below ground. OSP engineers are responsible for taking plant (copper, fiber, etc.) from a wire center to a distribution point or destination point directly. If a distribution point design is used, then a
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144:(PSTN), radio networks, and television networks. Computer communication across the Internet is one of many examples of telecommunication. Telecommunication plays a vital role in the world economy, and the telecommunication industry's revenue has been placed at just under 3% of the gross world product.
1122:
or gradual loss in intensity and loop loss calculations are required to determine cable length and size required to provide the service called for. In addition power requirements have to be calculated and provided to power any electronic equipment being placed in the field. Ground potential has to be
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A CO engineer is responsible for integrating new technology into the existing network, assigning the equipment's location in the wire center, and providing power, clocking (for digital equipment), and alarm monitoring facilities for the new equipment. The CO engineer is also responsible for providing
913:
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors. Wireless operations permit services, such as long-range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The
139:
Telecommunication systems are generally designed by telecommunication engineers which sprang from technological improvements in the telegraph industry in the late 19th century and the radio and the telephone industries in the early 20th century. Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that
1090:
The plant facilities can be delivered via underground facilities, either direct buried or through conduit or in some cases laid under water, via aerial facilities such as telephone or power poles, or via microwave radio signals for long distances where either of the other two methods is too costly.
1137:
Unique to telecom engineering is the use of air-core cable which requires an extensive network of air handling equipment such as compressors, manifolds, regulators and hundreds of miles of air pipe per system that connects to pressurized splice cases all designed to pressurize this special form of
654:
The first wide area network fibre optic cable system in the world seems to have been installed by
Rediffusion in Hastings, East Sussex, UK in 1978. The cables were placed in ducting throughout the town, and had over 1000 subscribers. They were used at that time for the transmission of television
898:
Wired communications make use of underground communications cables (less often, overhead lines), electronic signal amplifiers (repeaters) inserted into connecting cables at specified points, and terminal apparatus of various types, depending on the type of wired communications used.
1020:
or gradual loss in intensity and loop loss calculations are required to determine cable length and size required to provide the service called for. In addition, power requirements have to be calculated and provided to power any electronic equipment being placed in the wire center.
185:
who developed the register — a telegraph terminal that integrated a logging device for recording messages to paper tape. This was demonstrated successfully over three miles (five kilometres) on 6 January 1838 and eventually over forty miles (sixty-four kilometres) between
201:
was completed on 27 July 1866, allowing transatlantic telecommunication for the first time. Earlier transatlantic cables installed in 1857 and 1858 only operated for a few days or weeks before they failed. The international use of the telegraph has sometimes been dubbed the
607:
because it is flexible and can be bundled into cables. It is especially advantageous for long-distance communications, because light propagates through the fiber with little attenuation compared to electrical cables. This allows long distances to be spanned with few
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Installation suppliers or their sub-contractors are expected to provide requirements with their products, features, or services. These services might be associated with the installation of new or expanded equipment, as well as the removal of existing equipment.
1123:
taken into consideration when placing equipment, facilities, and plant in the field to account for lightning strikes, high voltage intercept from improperly grounded or broken power company facilities, and from various sources of electromagnetic interference.
645:
After a period of research starting from 1975, the first commercial fiber-optic communications system was developed, which operated at a wavelength around 0.8 μm and used GaAs semiconductor lasers. This first-generation system operated at a bit rate of
170:
225:
in every major city of the United States by the mid-1880s. Despite this, transatlantic voice communication remained impossible for customers until
January 7, 1927, when a connection was established using radio. However no cable connection existed until
935:
A telecom equipment engineer is an electronics engineer that designs equipment such as routers, switches, multiplexers, and other specialized computer/electronics equipment designed to be used in the telecommunication network infrastructure.
566:
ARPANET's development centered around the
Request for Comment process and on 7 April 1969, RFC 1 was published. This process is important because ARPANET would eventually merge with other networks to form the Internet, and many of the
1028:(IP) facilities, cellular radio sites, and other emerging-technology equipment environments within telecommunication networks, it is important that a consistent set of established practices or requirements be implemented.
650:
with repeater spacing of up to 10 km. Soon on 22 April 1977, General
Telephone and Electronics sent the first live telephone traffic through fiber optics at a 6 Mbit/s throughput in Long Beach, California.
559:— a technology that allows chunks of data to be sent between different computers without first passing through a centralized mainframe. A four-node network emerged on 5 December 1969. This network soon became the
488:
After commercial long distance telephone service was established via communication satellites, a host of other commercial telecommunications were also adapted to similar satellites starting in 1979, including
1118:, OSP engineers are responsible for the resistance, capacitance, and inductance (RCL) design of all new plant to ensure telephone service is clear and crisp and data service is clean as well as reliable.
669:
In the late 1990s through 2000, industry promoters, and research companies such as KMI, and RHK predicted massive increases in demand for communications bandwidth due to increased use of the
140:
assist the process, such as the television, radio and telephone, are common in many parts of the world. There are also many networks that connect these devices, including computer networks,
627:, England, when they showed that the losses of 1000 dB/km in existing glass (compared to 5-10 dB/km in coaxial cable) was due to contaminants, which could potentially be removed.
384:, also launched in 1960, was the world's first active repeater satellite. Satellites these days are used for many applications such as uses in GPS, television, internet and telephone uses.
56:
to strategic mass developments. A telecommunication engineer is responsible for designing and overseeing the installation of telecommunications equipment and facilities, such as complex
221:
held the master patent for the telephone that was needed for such services in both countries. The technology grew quickly from this point, with inter-city lines being built and
1195:
806:, which has emerged as the most commonly used transmission medium for long-distance communications. Optical fiber is a thin strand of glass that guides light along its length.
477:, where no submarine cables are in service. There are also some continents and some regions of countries where landline telecommunications are rare to nonexistent, for example
99:
services. They use a variety of equipment and transport media to design the telecom network infrastructure; the most common media used by wired telecommunications today are
3769:
997:, CO engineers are responsible for the structural design and placement of racking and bays for the equipment to be installed in as well as for the plant to be placed on.
944:
A network engineer is a computer engineer who is in charge of designing, deploying and maintaining computer networks. In addition, they oversee network operations from a
1838:
Dahlman, Erik; Parkvall, Stefan; Beming, Per; Bovik, Alan C.; Fette, Bruce A.; Jack, Keith; Skold, Johan; Dowla, Farid; Chou, Philip A.; DeCusatis, Casimer (2009).
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with remote "dumb terminals" remained popular throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s. However, it was not until the 1960s that researchers started to investigate
306:
shades, which were by most accounts the first true television pictures. This led to a public demonstration of the improved device on 26 January 1926 again at
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922:, acoustic energy, etc.) to transfer information without the use of wires. Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances.
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on 24 May 1844. The patented invention proved lucrative and by 1851 telegraph lines in the United States spanned over 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometres).
461:, caused some decline in the use of satellites for fixed telephony in the late 20th century, but they still exclusively service remote islands such as
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independently developed a version of the electrical telegraph that he unsuccessfully demonstrated on 2 September 1837. Soon after he was joined by
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industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls etc.) which use some form of energy (e.g.
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Alexander Graham Bell's big box telephone, 1876, one of the first commercially available telephones - National Museum of
American History
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802:. Copper wire is used to carry signals to long distances using relatively low amounts of power. Another example of a physical medium is
241:. The scientific principles of their invention would not be utilized for several decades, when they were first deployed in military and
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that the
Internet relies upon today were specified through the Request for Comment process. In September 1981, RFC 791 introduced the
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A central-office engineer is responsible for designing and overseeing the implementation of telecommunications equipment in a
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were developed that were compact and therefore suitable for transmitting light through fiber optic cables for long distances.
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1016:(RCL) design of all new plant to ensure telephone service is clear and crisp and data service is clean as well as reliable.
282:). In December 1901, he would go on to established wireless communication between Britain and Newfoundland, earning him the
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is usually air, but solids and liquids may also act as transmission media for sound. Many transmission media are used as
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built the first complete, commercially successful wireless telegraphy system based on airborne electromagnetic waves (
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The first commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the
Atlantic in the cities of
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data traffic was increasing exponentially, at a faster rate than integrated circuit complexity had increased under
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Overall, CO engineers have seen new challenges emerging in the CO environment. With the advent of Data
Centers,
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The first and historically most important application for communication satellites was in intercontinental
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publicly demonstrated the transmission of moving silhouette pictures at the London department store
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which seeks to design and devise systems of communication at a distance. The work ranges from basic
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505:. The earliest adaption for most such services occurred in the 1990s as the pricing for commercial
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Telecommunications engineer working to maintain London's phone service during World War 2, in 1942.
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1799:"GR-1275, Central Office/Network Environment Equipment Installation/Removal Generic Requirements"
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modes of communication and information transfer, such as wireless telephony services, radio and
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666:, based on Desurvire optimized laser amplification technology. It went into operation in 1988.
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730:(information source) that takes information and converts it to a signal for transmission. In
481:, plus large regions of Australia, South America, Africa, Northern Canada, China, Russia and
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1342:"Program criteria for telecommunications engineering technology or similarly named programs"
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754:, transmitters are necessary component parts of many electronic devices that communicate by
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was launched on
December 13, 1962, and became the first satellite to broadcast across the
360:
voice messages. It was used to send a
Christmas greeting to the world from U.S. President
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conducted the world's first wireless telephone call via modulated lightbeams projected by
17:
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2011:
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579:(TCP) — thus creating the TCP/IP protocol that much of the Internet relies upon today.
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to his Complex Number Calculator in New York and receive the computed results back at
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1979:
1817:"GR-1502, Central Office/Network Environment Detail Engineering Generic Requirements"
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1080:
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803:
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was able to wirelessly transmit a human voice. On March 25, 1925, Scottish inventor
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1994:
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and converts the information carried by them to a usable form. It is used with an
673:, and commercialization of various bandwidth-intensive consumer services, such as
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410:(Post Office) to develop satellite communications, it was launched by NASA from
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over which the signal is transmitted. For example, the transmission medium for
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2157:
2113:
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1461:"Communication By Wire And "Wireless": The Wonders of Telegraph and Telephone"
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copper cable to keep moisture out and provide a clean signal to the customer.
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box is placed in a strategic location to feed a determined distribution area.
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1570:"Significant Achievements in Space Communications and Navigation, 1958-1964"
1541:
1227:
1130:, OSP engineers are responsible for drafting plans, either by hand or using
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482:
438:
399:
210:
191:
128:
858:. The information produced by the receiver may be in the form of sound (an
846:) that receives and converts the signal back into required information. In
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1509:
Icons of invention: the makers of the modern world from Gutenberg to Gates
1287:
527:
302:. In October 1925, Baird was successful in obtaining moving pictures with
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95:. Ultimately, telecom engineers are responsible for providing high-speed
230:
was inaugurated on September 25, 1956, providing 36 telephone circuits.
2818:
2803:
1288:"The First Telecommunications Engineering Program in the United States"
635:
560:
415:
387:
257:
111:. Telecommunications engineers also provide solutions revolving around
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2130:
1922:
1875:
810:
769:
624:
381:
214:
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Commonly used tools to perform installation and removal of equipment
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2078:
1349:
Criteria for accrediting engineering technology programs 2012-2013
1212:
1098:
1053:
963:
872:
818:
791:
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634:, with attenuation low enough for communication purposes (about 20
592:
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318:. It formed the basis of semi-experimental broadcasts done by the
252:
227:
169:
124:
36:
30:"Communications Engineering" redirects here. For the journal, see
1555:
83:
Telecommunication is a diverse field of engineering connected to
2775:
1352:
647:
603:
Optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and
376:
balloon served as a passive reflector for radio communications.
365:
2971:
1879:
798:. One of the most common physical medias used in networking is
2967:
2021:
414:
on July 10, 1962, the first privately sponsored space launch.
655:
channels, not available because of local reception problems.
1751:
531:
Symbolic representation of the Arpanet as of September 1974
76:
systems. Telecommunications engineering also overlaps with
1493:"History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy"
274:
Over several years starting in 1894, the Italian inventor
1723:"What is wireless communication technology and its types"
850:, a radio receiver is an electronic device that receives
398:
as part of a multi-national agreement between AT&T,
1617:
Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet
980:(CO for short), also referred to as a wire center or
623:
proposed optical fibers at STC Laboratories (STL) at
352:
The first U.S. satellite to relay communications was
952:
infrastructure, or supervises interconnections in a
630:
Optical fiber was successfully developed in 1970 by
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638:/km), and at the same time GaAs (Gallium arsenide)
1035:Several other factors must be considered such as:
551:. This configuration of a centralized computer or
1286:Burnham, Gerald O.; et al. (October 2001).
813:may also constitute a transmission medium for
445:, where they are then transmitted a receiving
390:was the first active, direct relay commercial
2983:
1891:
1663:"Radio Frequency, RF, Technology and Design,
8:
706:Basic elements of a telecommunication system
563:, which by 1981 would consist of 213 nodes.
2906:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
3038:
2990:
2976:
2968:
2942:
1898:
1884:
1876:
1703:(3rd ed.). The Gale Group, Inc. 1979
1305:American Society for Engineering Education
968:Typical Northern Telecom DMS100 Telephone
1840:Communications engineering desk reference
738:a transmitter or radio transmitter is an
1103:Engineer (OSP) climbing a telephone pole
310:. Baird's first devices relied upon the
1466:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
1275:
1004:, CO engineers are responsible for the
356:in 1958, which used a tape recorder to
3770:Electrical and electronics engineering
1039:Regulations and safety in installation
372:; the 100-foot (30 m) aluminized
1544:. Tesla Memorial Society of New York.
1202:List of electrical engineering topics
1196:List of electrical engineering topics
7:
3803:
2952:
1408:"Wiring up the 'Victorian internet'"
1406:Redfern, Martin (29 November 2005).
1281:
1279:
809:The absence of a material medium in
539:was able to transmit problems using
32:Communications Engineering (journal)
3813:
1640:Hellman, Martin E. (11 June 2003).
27:Subfield of electronics engineering
1313:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2001.tb00655.x
575:(IPv4) and RFC 793 introduced the
513:Computer networks and the Internet
25:
509:continued to drop significantly.
431:Public Switched Telephone Network
142:public switched telephone network
3822:
3812:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3662:
2951:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2541:Free-space optical communication
1863:
1642:"Moore's Law and Communications"
1459:Page, Arthur W. (January 1906).
1428:"Connected Earth: The telephone"
1296:Journal of Engineering Education
453:in Earth orbit. Improvements in
320:British Broadcasting Corporation
1842:. Academic Press. p. 544.
1376:"The Electromagnetic Telegraph"
455:submarine communications cables
3849:Telecommunications engineering
1556:"The Baird Television Website"
1512:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 161–168.
750:. In addition to their use in
507:satellite transponder channels
322:beginning September 30, 1929.
286:in 1909 (which he shared with
233:In 1880, Bell and co-inventor
46:Telecommunications engineering
1:
1701:The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1374:Calvert, J. B. (April 2000).
1042:Removal of hazardous material
914:term is commonly used in the
660:transatlantic telephone cable
577:Transmission Control Protocol
314:and thus became known as the
199:transatlantic telegraph cable
158:Transatlantic telegraph cable
3020:List of engineering branches
2927:Telecommunication portal
2708:Telecommunications equipment
1748:"ATIS Telecom Glossary 2007"
1579:. NASA. 1966. pp. 30–32
1186:History of telecommunication
1166:Electronic design automation
2444:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
573:Internet Protocol version 4
400:Bell Telephone Laboratories
62:plain old telephone service
58:electronic switching system
3865:
2148:Telecommunications history
1774:"What is a Central Office"
1750:. atis.org. Archived from
1506:Klooster, John W. (2009).
1355:. October 2011. p. 23
931:Telecom equipment engineer
906:
891:
832:
780:
742:which, with the aid of an
720:
709:
586:
516:
329:
263:
243:fiber-optic communications
162:Invention of the telephone
151:
29:
18:Communications Engineering
3788:
3660:
3005:
2915:
2756:Public Switched Telephone
2568:telecommunication circuit
2529:Fiber-optic communication
2274:Francis Blake (telephone)
2069:Optical telecommunication
1870:Communication engineering
1665:Radio Receiver Technology
1181:Fiber-optic communication
946:network operations center
662:to use optical fiber was
589:Fiber-optic communication
503:satellite Internet access
348:Satellite Internet access
2667:Orbital angular-momentum
2104:Satellite communications
1943:Communications satellite
1619:. Simon & Schuster.
1238:Telecommunications cable
1141:As political and social
392:communications satellite
332:Communications satellite
166:History of the telephone
117:satellite communications
3681:Bachelor of Engineering
3523:Engineering mathematics
2546:Molecular communication
2369:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2198:Undersea telegraph line
1933:Cable protection system
1778:www.frankoverstreet.com
1540:Vujovic, Ljubo (1998).
1058:Engineers working on a
960:Central-office engineer
569:communication protocols
523:History of the Internet
491:mobile satellite phones
451:geostationary satellite
427:long distance telephony
148:Telegraph and telephone
50:electronics engineering
3780:Structural engineering
3775:Mechanical engineering
3518:Engineering management
2688:Communication protocol
2474:Charles Sumner Tainter
2289:Walter Houser Brattain
2234:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2042:Information revolution
1697:"Wired Communications"
1615:Hafner, Katie (1998).
1171:Electronic engineering
1104:
1085:serving area interface
1066:
1064:serving area interface
1050:Outside-plant engineer
973:
903:Wireless communication
884:
796:communications channel
773:
702:
600:
535:On 11 September 1940,
532:
422:on November 22, 1963.
284:Nobel Prize in physics
261:
260:crystal radio receiver
235:Charles Sumner Tainter
175:
74:microwave transmission
42:
3760:Aerospace engineering
3673:Engineering education
2662:Polarization-division
2394:Narinder Singh Kapany
2359:Erna Schneider Hoover
2279:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2259:Alexander Graham Bell
1990:online video platform
1671:Radio-Electronics.com
1491:Glover, Bill (2006).
1442:"History of AT&T"
1395:. Burndy Library Inc.
1389:Dibner, Bern (1959).
1208:Professional engineer
1132:Computer-aided design
1102:
1083:box, also known as a
1062:box, also known as a
1057:
967:
880:communication tower,
876:
815:electromagnetic waves
768:
696:
596:
530:
457:, through the use of
316:mechanical television
270:History of television
256:
219:Alexander Graham Bell
197:The first successful
173:
78:broadcast engineering
40:
3701:Graduate certificate
2504:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2464:Almon Brown Strowger
2434:Charles Grafton Page
2089:Prepaid mobile phone
2017:Electrical telegraph
1872:at Wikimedia Commons
1156:Computer engineering
1116:electrical engineers
1109:structural engineers
1002:electrical engineers
995:structural engineers
848:radio communications
640:semiconductor lasers
499:satellite television
402:, NASA, the British
362:Dwight D. Eisenhower
344:Satellite television
249:Radio and television
154:Electrical telegraph
3686:Bachelor of Science
3528:Engineering physics
3512:Engineering drawing
3034:Interdisciplinarity
2454:Johann Philipp Reis
2213:Wireless revolution
2175:The Telephone Cases
2032:Hydraulic telegraph
1772:Overstreet, Frank.
1258:Wired communication
1243:Transmission medium
1161:Computer networking
894:Wired communication
888:Wired communication
788:Transmission medium
783:Transmission medium
777:Transmission medium
632:Corning Glass Works
605:computer networking
519:Computer networking
408:French National PTT
404:General Post Office
223:telephone exchanges
93:systems engineering
3288:Telecommunications
3193:Naval architecture
2652:Frequency-division
2629:Telephone exchange
2499:Charles Wheatstone
2429:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2404:Innocenzo Manzetti
2339:Reginald Fessenden
2074:Optical telegraphy
1907:Telecommunications
1677:on 27 January 2012
1392:The Atlantic Cable
1191:Information theory
1105:
1067:
982:telephone exchange
974:
916:telecommunications
885:
774:
736:telecommunications
703:
601:
553:mainframe computer
533:
292:Reginald Fessenden
280:radio transmission
262:
204:Victorian Internet
176:
43:
3836:
3835:
3765:Civil engineering
3711:Licensed engineer
3706:Engineer's degree
3658:
3657:
3490:Building services
3473:Health technology
3334:Chemical reaction
3283:Signal processing
2965:
2964:
2703:Store and forward
2698:Data transmission
2612:Network switching
2563:Transmission line
2409:Guglielmo Marconi
2374:Internet pioneers
2239:Mohamed M. Atalla
2208:Whistled language
1868:Media related to
1849:978-0-12-374648-1
1598:"George Stlibetz"
1542:"Tesla Biography"
1223:Telecommunication
1026:Internet Protocol
740:electronic device
712:Telecommunication
679:Internet Protocol
545:Dartmouth College
441:telephones to an
358:store and forward
276:Guglielmo Marconi
97:data transmission
48:is a subfield of
16:(Redirected from
3856:
3826:
3816:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3666:
3253:Electromechanics
3039:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2796:Notable networks
2786:Wireless network
2726:Cellular network
2718:Types of network
2693:Computer network
2580:Network topology
2494:Thomas A. Watson
2349:Oliver Heaviside
2334:Philo Farnsworth
2309:Daniel Davis Jr.
2284:Charles Bourseul
2244:John Logie Baird
1953:Data compression
1948:Computer network
1900:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1867:
1853:
1825:
1824:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1673:. Archived from
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1566:
1560:
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1546:
1545:
1537:
1531:
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1528:
1526:
1503:
1497:
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1478:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1438:
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1424:
1418:
1417:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1346:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1292:
1283:
1218:Receiver (radio)
1176:Electronic media
940:Network engineer
844:information sink
835:Receiver (radio)
557:packet switching
463:Ascension Island
296:John Logie Baird
266:History of radio
188:Washington, D.C.
21:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3784:
3731:
3715:
3691:Master's degree
3667:
3654:
3568:Instrumentation
3431:
3373:
3339:Electrochemical
3292:
3278:Radio frequency
3217:
3144:
3108:Municipal/Urban
3032:
3030:
3024:
3001:
2996:
2966:
2961:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2853:
2790:
2712:
2676:
2633:
2582:
2574:
2515:
2508:
2414:Robert Metcalfe
2269:Tim Berners-Lee
2217:
2037:Information Age
1909:
1904:
1860:
1850:
1837:
1834:
1832:Further reading
1829:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1797:
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1792:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1757:
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1746:
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1731:
1729:
1727:EngineersGarage
1721:
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1716:
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1704:
1695:
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1400:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1151:
1128:civil engineers
1097:
1052:
991:
962:
942:
933:
928:
911:
905:
896:
890:
837:
831:
785:
779:
725:
719:
714:
708:
691:
675:video on demand
591:
585:
525:
517:Main articles:
515:
495:satellite radio
435:telephone calls
394:. Belonging to
350:
340:Satellite radio
336:Satellite phone
330:Main articles:
328:
272:
264:Main articles:
251:
168:
152:Main articles:
150:
137:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3862:
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3810:
3800:
3789:
3786:
3785:
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3777:
3772:
3767:
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3757:
3756:
3755:
3750:
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3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3720:Related topics
3717:
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3677:
3675:
3669:
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3640:Sustainability
3637:
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3622:
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3515:
3509:
3504:
3502:Geoengineering
3499:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3483:Rehabilitation
3480:
3478:Pharmaceutical
3475:
3470:
3465:
3463:Bioinformatics
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3422:Semiconductors
3419:
3414:
3412:Nanotechnology
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
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3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3128:Transportation
3125:
3120:
3115:
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3100:
3095:
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2647:Space-division
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2520:
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2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Camille Tissot
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Claude Shannon
2456:
2451:
2449:Tivadar Puskás
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Antonio Meucci
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:Charles K. Kao
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Harold Hopkins
2361:
2356:
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2346:
2341:
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2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
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2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Emile Berliner
2261:
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2236:
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2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2203:Videotelephony
2200:
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2188:
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2133:
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2106:
2101:
2099:Radiotelephone
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2086:
2081:
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2066:
2065:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1985:Internet video
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
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1960:
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1945:
1940:
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1911:
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1859:
1858:External links
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1198:(alphabetical)
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1096:
1093:
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990:
987:
978:central office
970:Central Office
961:
958:
941:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
907:Main article:
904:
901:
892:Main article:
889:
886:
833:Main article:
830:
827:
781:Main article:
778:
775:
721:Main article:
718:
715:
710:Main article:
707:
704:
690:
687:
621:George Hockham
617:Charles K. Kao
587:Main article:
584:
581:
537:George Stibitz
514:
511:
447:satellite dish
412:Cape Canaveral
370:Echo satellite
327:
324:
250:
247:
149:
146:
136:
133:
131:technologies.
109:optical fibers
105:coaxial cables
54:circuit design
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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2:
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3183:Manufacturing
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3173:Biomechanical
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3071:Environmental
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3051:Architectural
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2672:Code-division
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2657:Time-division
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2583:and switching
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2547:
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2539:
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2534:optical fiber
2532:
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2527:
2525:
2524:Coaxial cable
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2439:Radia Perlman
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2329:Lee de Forest
2327:
2325:
2324:Thomas Edison
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Donald Davies
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
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2300:
2299:Claude Chappe
2297:
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2144:
2143:Smoke signals
2141:
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2134:
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2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:Semiconductor
2119:
2115:
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2110:
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2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
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1986:
1983:
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1980:Digital media
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1754:on 2008-03-02
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1626:0-684-83267-4
1622:
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1608:
1603:
1602:Kerry Redshaw
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1359:September 22,
1354:
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1326:September 22,
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1253:Two-way radio
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1081:cross-connect
1077:
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1074:cross-connect
1071:
1070:Outside plant
1065:
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1060:cross-connect
1056:
1049:
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1038:
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869:
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862:), images (a
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804:optical fiber
801:
797:
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749:
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598:Optical fiber
595:
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583:Optical fiber
582:
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564:
562:
558:
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549:New Hampshire
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475:Easter Island
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443:earth station
440:
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354:Project SCORE
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67:
66:optical fiber
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
3744:Engineering
3590:Mechatronics
3443:Agricultural
3287:
3093:Geotechnical
3061:Construction
2639:Multiplexing
2514:Transmission
2479:Nikola Tesla
2469:Henry Sutton
2424:Samuel Morse
2354:Robert Hooke
2319:Amos Dolbear
2254:John Bardeen
2173:
2153:Telautograph
2057:Mobile phone
2012:Edholm's law
1995:social media
1928:Broadcasting
1839:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:the original
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1700:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:the original
1670:
1664:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1635:
1616:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1581:. Retrieved
1576:
1564:
1550:
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1508:
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1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1470:
1464:
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1422:
1411:
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1369:
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1348:
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
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1294:
1140:
1136:
1125:
1113:
1106:
1089:
1078:
1068:
1034:
1030:
1023:
999:
992:
975:
972:Installation
943:
934:
912:
897:
868:digital data
864:video signal
860:audio signal
838:
808:
786:
752:broadcasting
726:
668:
657:
653:
644:
629:
614:
602:
565:
534:
487:
471:Diego Garcia
467:Saint Helena
459:fiber-optics
429:. The fixed
424:
386:
368:launched an
351:
290:). In 1900,
273:
232:
208:
196:
179:Samuel Morse
177:
138:
101:twisted pair
82:
64:facilities,
60:, and other
45:
44:
3818:Wikiproject
3573:and Control
3563:Information
3387:Biomaterial
3317:Bioresource
3308:/Bioprocess
3306:Biochemical
3258:Electronics
3029:Specialties
2999:Engineering
2839:NPL network
2551:Radio waves
2489:Alfred Vail
2399:Hedy Lamarr
2384:Dawon Kahng
2344:Elisha Gray
2304:Yogen Dalal
2229:Nasir Ahmed
2163:Teleprinter
2027:Heliographs
1473:: 8408–8422
1430:. BT. 2006.
1307:: 653–657.
1248:Transmitter
1120:Attenuation
1018:Attenuation
1010:capacitance
954:data center
920:radio waves
852:radio waves
823:radio waves
800:copper wire
760:cell phones
748:radio waves
746:, produces
732:electronics
728:Transmitter
723:Transmitter
717:Transmitter
699:transmitter
683:Moore's Law
541:teleprinter
380:, built by
312:Nipkow disk
239:photophones
183:Alfred Vail
70:IP networks
3737:Glossaries
3558:Industrial
3538:Facilities
3533:Explosives
3458:Biomedical
3453:Automation
3402:Metallurgy
3312:Biological
3263:Microwaves
3223:Electrical
3168:Automotive
3150:Mechanical
3123:Structural
3088:Geological
3076:Ecological
3066:Earthquake
2885:Antarctica
2844:Toasternet
2766:Television
2249:Paul Baran
2181:Television
2165:(teletype)
2158:Telegraphy
2136:transistor
2114:Phryctoria
2084:Photophone
2062:Smartphone
2052:Mass media
1758:2008-03-16
1583:2009-10-31
1577:NASA-SP-93
1477:2009-07-10
1270:References
1233:Television
1204:(thematic)
1143:ambassador
1014:inductance
1006:resistance
948:, designs
758:, such as
658:The first
479:Antarctica
406:, and the
378:Courier 1B
364:. In 1960
308:Selfridges
300:Selfridges
288:Karl Braun
85:electronic
3696:Doctorate
3610:Packaging
3580:Logistics
3553:Geomatics
3514:/graphics
3407:Molecular
3397:Corrosion
3379:Materials
3359:Petroleum
3349:Molecular
3231:Broadcast
3213:Tribology
3163:Aerospace
3098:Hydraulic
2869:Americas
2858:Locations
2829:Internet2
2590:Bandwidth
2294:Vint Cerf
2191:streaming
2169:Telephone
2109:Semaphore
2000:streaming
1821:Telcordia
1803:Telcordia
1321:109942681
1228:Telephone
1095:Sub-roles
989:Sub-roles
882:cell site
610:repeaters
483:Greenland
439:land line
326:Satellite
211:New Haven
192:Baltimore
129:broadband
68:cabling,
3843:Category
3798:Category
3727:Engineer
3635:Software
3630:Security
3605:Ontology
3595:Military
3585:Robotics
3548:Forensic
3468:Clinical
3427:Surfaces
3417:Polymers
3392:Ceramics
3369:Reaction
3298:Chemical
3236:Computer
3158:Acoustic
3113:Offshore
3081:Sanitary
2937:Category
2824:Internet
2814:CYCLADES
2731:Ethernet
2681:Concepts
2605:terminal
2556:wireless
2379:Bob Kahn
2222:Pioneers
2047:Internet
1938:Cable TV
1446:AT&T
1413:BBC News
1263:Wireless
1149:See also
950:backbone
909:Wireless
878:Wireless
840:Receiver
829:Receiver
817:such as
689:Concepts
671:Internet
646:45
615:In 1966
396:AT&T
374:PET film
304:halftone
121:internet
113:wireless
3808:Commons
3650:Textile
3645:Systems
3615:Privacy
3600:Nuclear
3364:Process
3322:Genetic
3268:Optical
3248:Control
3241:outline
3208:Thermal
3198:Railway
3138:Railway
3133:Traffic
3056:Coastal
3015:Outline
3010:History
2957:Commons
2947:Outline
2900:Oceania
2819:FidoNet
2804:ARPANET
2617:circuit
2186:digital
1915:History
1783:22 June
1732:22 June
1707:22 June
1681:22 June
1647:22 June
1604:. 1996.
1525:22 June
1448:. 2006.
856:antenna
744:antenna
561:ARPANET
433:relays
420:Pacific
416:Relay 1
388:Telstar
258:Marconi
135:History
3828:Portal
3625:Survey
3620:Safety
3507:Design
3327:Tissue
3203:Sports
3188:Marine
3178:Energy
3103:Mining
2895:Europe
2865:Africa
2849:Usenet
2809:BITNET
2746:Mobile
2622:packet
2131:MOSFET
2126:device
1923:Beacon
1846:
1623:
1516:
1319:
1012:, and
811:vacuum
792:sounds
770:Copper
697:Radio
625:Harlow
473:, and
449:via a
382:Philco
346:, and
215:London
164:, and
107:, and
72:, and
3448:Audio
3436:Other
3354:Paper
3273:Power
3118:River
3043:Civil
2878:South
2873:North
2834:JANET
2771:Telex
2761:Radio
2600:Nodes
2595:Links
2516:media
2094:Radio
2079:Pager
2007:Drums
1973:video
1968:image
1958:audio
1573:(PDF)
1345:(PDF)
1317:S2CID
1303:(4).
1291:(PDF)
1213:Radio
926:Roles
866:) or
819:light
772:wires
756:radio
664:TAT-8
437:from
228:TAT-1
125:Wi-Fi
89:civil
3543:Fire
3344:Food
2890:Asia
2776:UUCP
2736:ISDN
1844:ISBN
1785:2017
1734:2017
1709:2017
1683:2017
1649:2017
1621:ISBN
1527:2017
1514:ISBN
1471:XIII
1361:2012
1353:ABET
1328:2012
1079:The
821:and
734:and
701:room
648:Mbps
619:and
521:and
501:and
366:NASA
268:and
213:and
190:and
127:and
91:and
3753:M–Z
3748:A–L
3495:MEP
3031:and
2781:WAN
2751:NGN
2741:LAN
2022:Fax
1963:DCT
1309:doi
1126:As
1114:As
1107:As
1000:As
993:As
762:,
547:in
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1600:.
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1347:.
1315:.
1301:90
1299:.
1293:.
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1480:.
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1378:.
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1330:.
1311::
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34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
