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records, and jailing leaders. This crackdown made
Prestes change his tactics, forcing him to spread additional agents throughout the army to recruit new conspirators and bolster his forces while continuing to defy Vargas by having the ANL continue to host their illegal rallies throughout the summer of 1935. By August 1935, Prestes had completed drafting his plans for the installation of a communist regime by way of military uprising in several regions to trigger strikes and revolution.
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1303:
628:
485:. Communist agents identified these political divisions within the movement, particularly the differences between officers who rallied with Artur Bernardes and those who wished for social reform. The communists took full control of the movement by March 1935 after expelling unsympathetic officers from the cause. This would act to hinder the movement, which had initially intended to begin the uprising during Carnival week, in 1935.
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Without the support of the working class, and restricted to the three cities, the rebellion was quickly and violently put down after several weeks of fighting. Rebels would eventually lay down their arms and were spared from execution by Vargas, who sought criminal trials only against the leaders of
642:
Despite its failure, the communist revolt gave Vargas the pretext for acquiring more power. After
November 1935, the National Congress of Brazil approved a series of laws that restricted its own power, while the executive gained almost unlimited powers of repression. This process culminated in the
550:
At the time, Vargas' government had acknowledged the threat of revolution posed by members of the ANL, reaching the same conclusion as the
Comintern when it decided to back the conspiracy. In July, the government moved against the ANL, with troops raiding offices, confiscating propaganda, seizing
500:
Members of the ANL viewed Vargas as a revolutionary who would continue to further plunge the country towards an authoritarian regime. The movement's platform was the fight against the exploitation of Brazil by international capital, the struggle for land reform and the struggle for democracy: for
661:
There is no complete assessment of the victims, with loyalists and insurgents joining in all the events that took place. Among the insurgents it is difficult to find a complete list with the names of the victims, but it is estimated that at least one hundred died in the Recife uprising alone and
531:
Upon his return, thanks to his reputation among military officers, Prestes assumed control of the conspiracy and plans for the revolution to come. With
Prestes heading the conspiracy, the Comintern felt confident in financially supporting the movement allowing the movement to grow exponentially,
594:
with organized communist elements failed to act, as the military intercepted orders destined to communist cells in both cities. The
Brazilian military confined the insurgents to the Federal District, cutting off communications between the rebel cells, isolating the uprisings to their respective
602:
President Vargas accused the revolutionary conspirators of being against God, against the motherland, and against the concept of family, demonizing those who participated. From then on, intense persecution affected not only communists but also all government opponents. Thousands of people were
578:
In Rio de
Janeiro, the 3rd Infantry Regiment and the 2nd Infantry Regiment would have attacked their comrades who slept if military leaders had not taken extra precautions after the revolutionary uprisings in the north of the country. The most dramatic episode of the communist uprising was the
574:
From Rio de
Janeiro, LuĂs Carlos Prestes the day before was still attempting to rally support from other high ranking military officials, including Newton Estillac Leal, who would ignore his plea and inform the government of these attempts at communication. Citizens in Natal and Recife were
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in 1931 following a visit to Moscow. Prestes' requests for membership into Brazil's
Communist Party were ignored for years, while away from Brazil, until a directive was issued by the Comintern, directly requesting his acceptance into the organization.
488:
During this time the
National Liberation Alliance was created in Brazil, inspired by popular fronts that emerged in Europe to prevent Nazi-fascist political advance. The ANL would serve to expand the conspiracy by attracting many military personnel,
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was publicly announced as the ANL's honorary president following the party's announcement of its formation, based on his involvement in leading the revolutions of the 1920s and his high esteem among military officials. A revolutionary forerunner of
524:, along with communists Harry Berger, Argentine Rodolfo Ghioldi, León-Julles Vallée, Franz Paul Gruber, and American Victor Alan Baron, who would join the Comintern's delegation to Brazil. The delegation from the Comintern was accompanied by a
547:) to pass the 1935 National Security law outlawing the political alliance formed by the ANL. This legislation inhibited Prestes' ability to rally widespread support from the masses, who worried about becoming targeted by the government.
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declared himself against the constitutional regime despite his authoritative role. Other opposing factions within Brazil's politics shared his point of view that the new government was weak and thus began to plot its overthrow.
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These efforts gave the revolutionaries connections to most garrisons in the country by
October 1934, although three factions would form within the revolutionary movement, causing a clash of ideas. The first group, based in
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Among the loyalist troops involved in the fighting there were 22 fatalities. The Brazilian Army lists a total of 30 victims without, however, disclosing whether they were loyalists or insurgents.
423:
In July 1934, with the approval of Brazil's new constitution and the election of Vargas, the country entered a period of constitutional normality, although no one was satisfied. President
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481:, which was then called the Communist Party of Brazil, began its efforts to take control of the movement by January 1935 after the planning for an uprising caught the attention of the
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The plot to overthrow the government was begun in 1934 by disgraced military officers who lost power and prestige as a result of collaborating with former Brazilian president
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another twenty in the Praia Vermelha uprising in Rio de Janeiro, which leaves uncounted the deaths occurring in Natal and other barracks in Rio de Janeiro.
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where communists successfully created a provisional government just outside the city for some time. The next day, another military uprising took place in
471:
672:, girlfriend of the PCB's secretary general, to be assassinated. Prestes suspected that she was a police informant, which later proved to be a mistake.
141:
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439:. Using their position within the military, conspirators began an effort to siphon military weapons from police forces and recruited military men of
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arrested across the country for their direct or indirect involvement in the uprising. Congressmen, senators, and even the mayor of Rio de Janeiro,
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72:
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795:"Re-Imagining the Cavalier of Hope: The Brazilian Communist Party and the Images of Luiz Carlos Prestes." Twentieth Century Communism, 2009
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coup of 10 November 1937, which closed the National Congress of Brazil, canceled the upcoming 1938 presidential elections, and installed
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451:, was led by military officers and civilians seeking social reform. The second faction was made up of military personnel who shared
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Senior military leaders were rightfully fearful that the communist element in their midst would take over their movement. The
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In early 1936, in an attempt to find those responsible for the failure of the uprising, Prestes ordered the 16-year-old
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In April 1935, Prestes would be sent back to Brazil following a winter season in Moscow with his wife, fellow communist
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Thanks to information provided to Vargas by Filinto Muller, Vargas was able to connect the conspirators to the
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distributed military surplus to fight along with the insurgent revolutionaries against loyalist troops.
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The Politics in the Barracks: Revolts and Protests by Officers in the Brazilian Military Dictatorship
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ideals, while the third was composed of communists within the military, both enlisted and officers.
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607:, would be incarcerated. The regime arrested and tortured Prestes, while deporting his wife,
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The 3rd Infantry Regiment barracks in Rio de Janeiro on fire after the communist insurrection
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allowing the party to produce new propaganda and initiate new communist youth programs.
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Despite uprisings in three major urban centers, other populated centers such as
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Communist civilians and rebel soldiers stand guard near the captured aircraft
474:, learned of the conspiracy against the government as early as October 1934.
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860:
In the Moscow Archives: The Secret History of the 1935 Brazilian Revolution
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Barracks of the 3rd Infantry Regiment, epicentre of the communist uprising
539:. In response, Vargas successfully urged the National Congress of Brazil (
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agent who saw to their security during and after the trip to Brazil.
400:
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208:
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cities and preventing communist leaders from organizing cohesively.
458:
The movement during this time would find itself infiltrated by the
407:
between 23 and 27 November 1935. The uprising was supported by the
725:
Brazilian Marines arriving to hold back advancing communist troops
626:
1001:
811:
Estratégias da ilusão: a revolução mundial e o Brasil, 1922-1935
632:
466:
agent Johann Heinrich Amadeus de Graaf, and Vargas' government.
1005:
559:
The first military uprising broke out on 23 November 1935, in
463:
29:
943:"The Communist Intentona: what is a fact and what is a rumor"
631:
Monument to the Victims of the Uprising, at Praia Vermelha,
411:(PCB), then called the Communist Party of Brazil, and the
27:
Brazilian military revolt against President GetĂșlio Vargas
647:
as a dictator. This period of dictatorship is called the
713:
Rio de Janeiro Police Corps near the seat of government
874:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
1647:
1554:
1474:
1443:
1378:
1317:
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913:"Irrompe em Natal e Recife um movimento extremista"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1177:Brazil-United States Political-Military Agreement
134:
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8:
579:attempt to conquer the Aviation Regiment in
571:, the capital of the country at that time.
1024:
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1002:
470:, an officer loyal to Vargas based in the
131:
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
760:
679:
443:rank and below to form a combat force.
383:and leftist low-rank military against
69:"Brazilian communist uprising of 1935"
567:. On the 27th, a revolt broke out in
395:ANL). It took place in the cities of
7:
365:Brazilian communist uprising of 1935
135:Brazilian communist uprising of 1935
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1502:Companhia SiderĂșrgica Belgo-Mineira
158:23 â 27 November 1935 (4 days)
1713:â Brazilian military junta of 1930
25:
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1301:
949:from the original on 2016-03-03.
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599:the movement and collaborators.
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1631:Celina Vargas do Amaral Peixoto
1386:Law School of Rio Grande do Sul
845:On Guard Against the Red Menace
808:Pinheiro, Paulo SĂ©rgio (1992).
771:(in Portuguese). Archived from
387:'s government on behalf of the
45:needs additional citations for
1398:Rio-grandense Republican Party
1059:President of Rio Grande do Sul
887:Chirio, Maud (15 March 2012).
393:Aliança Nacional Libertadora -
1:
1339:Federal Law No. 2,004 of 1953
962:"Interview - Martha Nussbaum"
769:"A revolta comunista de 1935"
1418:Brazilian Academy of Letters
1096:Constitutionalist Revolution
924:. Rio de Janeiro. 1935-11-26
615:, where she later died in a
545:Congresso Nacional do Brasil
537:National Liberation Alliance
437:Brazilian Revolution of 1930
389:National Liberation Alliance
282:National Liberation Alliance
1600:Manuel do Nascimento Vargas
653:, which lasted until 1945.
375:) was a military revolt in
1825:
1492:Brazilian Election Justice
1379:Personal life and politics
1327:Brazilian Coffee Institute
1128:1937 Brazilian coup d'Ă©tat
1111:National Security Tribunal
966:The Philosophers' Magazine
843:Sa Motta, Rodrigo (2020).
501:Bread, Land, and Freedom.
18:Communist uprising of 1935
1707:
1667:Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith
1299:
1039:
960:Nussbaum, Martha (2008).
479:Brazilian Communist Party
409:Brazilian Communist Party
348:
317:
296:Brazilian Communist Party
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1762:Cultural representations
1238:Brazilian ships attacked
1209:Battle of Monte Castello
1182:Potenji River Conference
1143:Nationalization campaign
814:. Companhia das Letras.
793:Santana, Marco Aurelio.
460:Communist International
413:Communist International
1587:Manuel Sarmanho Vargas
1413:Brazilian Labour Party
1281:Manifesto dos Mineiros
1231:Battle of the Atlantic
1050:(1930â1945; 1951â1954)
639:
605:Pedro Ernesto Baptista
318:Commanders and leaders
1692:GetĂșlio Vargas Museum
1466:1950 general election
1461:1945 general election
1456:1934 general election
1451:1930 general election
1370:Rua Tonelero shooting
630:
555:Outbreak of uprisings
349:Casualties and losses
1804:Rebellions in Brazil
1794:Communist rebellions
1214:Battle of Collecchio
1153:Good Neighbor policy
1138:Integralist Uprising
974:10.5840/tpm200840112
522:Olga Benario Prestes
54:improve this article
1799:Communism in Brazil
1352:O petrĂłleo Ă© nosso!
1048:President of Brazil
505:LuĂs Carlos Prestes
381:LuĂs Carlos Prestes
373:Intentona Comunista
343:LuĂs Carlos Prestes
1687:Presidente GetĂșlio
1365:Impeachment effort
1106:Communist Uprising
1091:Revolution of 1930
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617:concentration camp
403:, and the capital
190:Government victory
1789:Conflicts in 1935
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1682:Presidente Vargas
1541:Banco do Nordeste
1319:Second Presidency
1293:Ousting of Vargas
1219:Battle of Montese
1164:A cobra vai fumar
1148:March to the West
1133:1937 Constitution
1101:1934 Constitution
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581:Campo dos Afonsos
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569:Rio de Janeiro
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468:Filinto Muller
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110:November 2015
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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37:
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926:. Retrieved
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797:. p. 1.
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777:. Retrieved
773:the original
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613:Nazi Germany
609:Olga Benario
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228:Police Corps
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1695: [
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1618:Vargas Neto
1612:Iara Vargas
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1073:(1946â1951)
1061:(1928â1930)
650:Estado Novo
514:proletariat
510:Che Guevara
435:during the
1809:Vargas Era
1778:Categories
1583:(daughter)
1403:Castilhism
1123:Cohen Plan
928:2024-08-25
779:2015-11-02
755:References
749:Vargas Era
657:Casualties
541:Portuguese
495:socialists
419:Background
369:Portuguese
80:newspapers
1655:Queremism
1608:(brother)
1531:Vale S.A.
1526:Petrobras
1444:Elections
992:1354-814X
983:1866/3293
623:Aftermath
588:SĂŁo Paulo
491:Catholics
449:SĂŁo Paulo
312:Comintern
1672:Populism
1627:(nephew)
1602:(father)
1482:Banrisul
947:Archived
830:26067080
743:See also
441:sergeant
163:Location
1648:Related
1614:(niece)
1067:Senator
676:Gallery
379:led by
94:scholar
1564:(wife)
1555:Family
1475:Legacy
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401:Recife
377:Brazil
214:Brazil
187:Result
180:Brazil
174:, and
172:Recife
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916:(PDF)
611:, to
561:Natal
397:Natal
168:Natal
101:JSTOR
87:books
1536:BNDE
1519:CTPS
1269:DASP
1069:for
1056:13th
988:ISSN
893:ISBN
826:OCLC
816:ISBN
633:Urca
590:and
363:The
155:Date
73:news
1546:FNM
1514:CLT
1487:CSN
1264:CNP
1252:DIP
1204:FEB
978:hdl
970:doi
526:GRU
464:MI6
56:by
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1697:pt
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