359:
February 3–7, 1930, the “Unification
Conference” resulted in the creation of the Vietnamese Communist Party (Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), which became a part of the Comintern's Vietnamese activities. A few days later, around February 10, 1930, signed statutes by Ho Chi Minh were brought back to Saigon, detailing the creation of the Vietnamese Communist Party which combined, and effectively dissolved the individual parties it merged. Throughout the process of “unification”, Ho Chi Minh maintained a strong leadership role, being responsible for corresponding with the party delegates and having chaired the Conference.
281:
nationalist militia that lacked commitment to the cause of communism. These concerns about the Tân Việt's commitment to the cause of communism stemmed from the fact that the organization's manifesto made no explicit mention of establishing a communist state as an end-goal. Because of its origins, it did not share the same focus on social revolution as the
Communist Party of Vietnam had, instead prioritizing national independence.
325:
founding in 1925, and eventually became the first official leader of the
Communist League. Following the merger of the Indochinese Communist League into the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1929, Trần became Secretary-General of the newly united Communist Party. Trần was arrested in 1931 by French authorities and was tortured, eventually dying in custody that same year.
338:, who eventually took control of a reunified Vietnamese Communist Party, into which the Indochinese Communist League was absorbed, demonstrated reticence towards the League's commitment to communist ideals. The Tân Việt, and later the Indochinese Communist League, were often described as “communist in spirit” but a militant nationalist group at its core.
233:. French colonialism triggered widespread discontent amongst local populations throughout the early twentieth century, causing various political organizations whose primary purpose was resisting French colonialism to form. Some of these movements identified with communism, however, others were formed along more conservative, bourgeois lines.
314:
182:
The League gained its name following a factional split of the
Communist Party of Vietnam in 1929. The League came to prominence following the suppression of anti-colonial activities in the Annam protectorate by the French colonial authorities; these initiatives came from both conservative nationalist
288:
party which sought emancipation from French colonial rule but also had the explicit end goal of establishing a socialist state. However, the party was rather disorganized and thus could not mobilize to realize these goals. The
Communist Party of Annam called for the overthrow of colonial authorities
341:
The focus of the
Indochinese Communist League and its predecessor organizations, the Tân Việt and the Restoration Society, on liberation from colonial rule rather than establishing a communist system caused significant discord within the League itself, and the broader Communist movement in Vietnam.
363:
Vietnam as members, the League as an organization had no unified voice of its own at the
Unification Conference. The Indochinese Communist League was simply absorbed into the Communist Party of Vietnam as a “communist-oriented” revolutionary group rather than as a founding member in its own right.
354:
By 1931, the
Indochinese Communist League ceased to exist as a freestanding political organization, following directives given to Ho Chi Minh from the Comintern form a unified Communist Party of Vietnam. Comintern functionaries, such as Ho Chi Minh, began to see the existence of multiple communist
362:
The
Unification Conference was dominated by the Indochinese Communist Party and the Annam Communist Party (a separate organization, not to be confused with the Indochinese Communist League). Although members of the Indochinese Communist League were able to join the newly formed Communist Party of
324:
was a major figure in multiple communist movements in
Vietnam, having been a member of the Indochinese Communist League's predecessor organizations including the Tân Việt and the Restoration Society. A former schoolteacher, Trần was one of the earliest members of the Restoration Society after its
358:
A directive titled “On the Formation of a Communist Party in Indochina” on the 27th of October, 1929 initiated the proceedings which would see the re-unification of communist movements in French Indochina under one Communist Party at the so-called “Unification Conference”. Held in Hong Kong from
431:
2004 Volume 1 – Page 649 "Tân Việt Cách mệnh Đảng (Revolutionary Party of the New Vietnam)... Sometime toward the end of 1929, the Tân Việt party apparently also decided to become communist and to change the name of the organization to the Indochinese Communist League (Đông Dương Cộng sản Liên
333:
While the Indochinese Communist League was a “communist movement” it did not share the same goals as other Communist organizations in French Indochina; namely the primacy of establishing a communist state. The League (formerly the Tân Việt) was anti-imperialist and opposed French colonial rule,
299:
The League relied upon the support of workers, students and members of the local intelligentsia in the region of Annam. However, it also found unlikely allies in more conservative, bourgeois organizations which shared its goal of securing national independence from France. As the League grew in
280:
The choice of the name "Indochinese Communist League" was the result of the Tân Việt rebranding itself at a conference on January 1, 1930. The apparent intention of this rebranding was to dispel rumours circulating amongst the wider communist movement in Vietnam that the Tân Việt was simply a
345:
This ideal of "national unity" caused some within the Indochinese Communist League to become disillusioned with the group's apparent lack of political action. Several of the League's members decided to join movements which had the express goal of establishing a communist state, including the
342:
Ho Chi Minh, who during the late 1920s was acting on behalf of the Communist International, promoted the ideal of a "great national unity"; national liberation, according to this philosophy, could only come with the unification of all regardless of class, region or political conviction.
191:(Communist International) to create a unified Communist Party in French Indochina. Prior to its absorption into the Communist Party of Vietnam, the league maintained its own political organizations, including worker's associations, students associations, and a women's organization.
355:
parties, each linked to a certain region of Vietnam, as a manifestation of "regionalism." This alleged "regionalism" was conceived of as an obstacle to establishing a unified communist party in Vietnam; the main goal of the Communist International as it concerned Vietnam.
295:
Although the establishment of a communist state was not the main goal of the Tân Việt, it was seen as prudent to draw a connection between communism and national liberation from colonialism. Thus, the Tân Việt chose to rebrand itself as the "Indochinese Communist League".
183:
groups and communists who had a shared interest in resisting colonial rule by France. Eventually, members of the Indochinese Communist League joined the Communist Party of Vietnam, following directives from the
300:
prominence it produced offshoot organizations which represented the interests of specific groups. These organizations included a worker's association, a student's association and a women's association.
460:
2008 Page 244 "Later, a number of cadres in the New Vietnam Revolutionary Party (TVCMĐ) – Hà Huy Tập, Trần Phú, and Trần Phạm Hồ – disbanded and formed the Indo-Chinese Communist League"
1124:
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Contemporary organizations to the Indochinese Communist League also had focuses which did not align with the program of the party. The Communist Party of Indochina was a
1114:
1119:
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251:), which was founded in 1925. The organization gained prominence following a factional split of the Communist Party of Vietnam (commonly known as the
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69:
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Trần Phú, founder of the Indochinese Communist League, later Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Vietnam (circa. 1930)
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80:
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157:(Revolutionary Party of the New Vietnam) as well as the "Restoration Society" between 1925 and 1930.
120:
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265:; many Vietnamese communists were involved with the CCP, especially in southern cities such as
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762:"Ideological Influences on the Revolutionary High Tide: The Comintern, Class War and Peasants"
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which was established in 1928. Prior to this, it had been known as the "Restoration Society" (
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Republicanism, communism, Islam : cosmopolitan origins of revolution in Southeast Asia
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Republicanism, communism, Islam : cosmopolitan origins of revolution in Southeast Asia
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165:
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however, it did not prioritize the establishment of a Communist state as an end-goal.
1088:
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793:
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Republicanism, Communism, Islam: cosmopolitan origins of revolution in Southeast Asia
372:
Chesneaux, Jean. “Stages of Development of the Vietnam National Movement 1862-1940.”
1038:, 33-34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. doi:10.1017/9781108973809.003.
425:
383:“Communist's Remains Found in Grave.” AP NEWS. Associated Press, January 11, 1999.
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31:
141:) was one of the three communist groups of 1929–1930 which formed the base of the
976:
Manning, Russell (2017). "Ho Chi Minh: The Impact of His Leadership: 1910-1945".
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269:. In the wake of the split, three communist organizations appeared: the
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146:
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429:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East ...
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996:
458:
Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National Struggle
257:) in 1929. This split was primarily the result of suppression of the
853:
711:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 42.
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had been established as a French colony under the authority of the
312:
898:"The Revolutionary Youth League: Cradle of Communism in Vietnam"
709:
Vietnam's Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology
533:
Croissant, Aurel (2022). "Vietnam: The Socialist Party State.".
481:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 255–256.
965:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 121–123.
947:. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press. pp. 8–9.
820:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 121–123.
689:. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press. pp. 8–9.
671:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 121–123.
631:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 233–234.
584:. Ithaca New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 233–234.
567:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 121–123.
24:
Communist League of Indochina (Đông Dương Cộng sản Liên đoàn)
1034:
Gunn, Geoffrey C. "Setting Up in Hong Kong and Arrest." In
385:
https://apnews.com/article/71d2794a6ef2c8f66a70cacd75b59c8a
241:
The Indochinese Communist League was formerly known as the
392:
The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862-1874
1056:
The Communist Road To Power In Vietnam: Second Edition
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and the so-called “counter-revolutionary bourgeoisie.
217:). Three regions, which now form the modern state of
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Vietnam syndrome : impact on US foreign policy
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537:. Edinburgh: Springer, Cham. pp. 402–407.
237:Evolution into the Indochinese Communist League
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612:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
509:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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273:, the Indochinese Communist League, and the
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401:. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1978.
1125:1930 disestablishments in French Indochina
945:History of Vietnamese Communism, 1925-1976
838:. London: Hurst & Company. p. 97.
687:History of Vietnamese Communism, 1925-1976
649:. London: Hurst & Company. p. 97.
446:. London: Hurst & Company. p. 97.
399:History of Vietnamese Communism: 1925-1976
18:
1105:History of the Communist Party of Vietnam
836:Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years, 1919-1941
647:Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years, 1919-1941
444:Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years, 1919-1941
1115:Political parties disestablished in 1930
852:Simons, G. L. (Geoffrey Leslie) (1998).
346:prominent Communist Party of Indochina.
1120:1929 establishments in French Indochina
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535:Comparative Politics of Southeast Asia
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1110:Political parties established in 1929
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1100:Defunct political parties in Vietnam
408:New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.
378:https://doi.org/10.1093/past/7.1.63
160:The cadres who led the change were
858:. St. Martin's Press. p. 83.
221:were incorporated into Indochina:
14:
1135:1930 disestablishments in Vietnam
200:Influence of French colonial rule
16:Political party in Southeast Asia
963:Vietnamese Communism, 1925-1945
818:Vietnamese Communism, 1925-1945
669:Vietnamese Communism, 1925-1945
565:Vietnamese Communism, 1925-1945
432:đoàn). The factionalism of ..."
1130:1929 establishments in Vietnam
1:
138:Đông Dương Cộng sản Liên đoàn
133:Communist League of Indochina
1095:Communist parties in Vietnam
834:Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2017).
760:Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2011).
645:Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2017).
442:Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2017).
271:Communist Party of Indochina
70:Tân Việt Revolutionary Party
1053:Duiker, William J. (1981).
896:Duiker, William J. (1972).
1161:
394:. New York: Praeger, 1991.
143:Communist Party of Vietnam
81:Communist Party of Vietnam
1145:1930s in French Indochina
1140:1920s in French Indochina
1059:. Routledge. p. 32.
961:Kim Khanh, Huynh (1986).
914:10.1017/s0305741000052255
816:Kim Khanh, Huynh (1986).
667:Kim Khanh, Huynh (1986).
563:Kim Khanh, Huynh (1986).
404:Simons, Geoffrey Leslie.
106:
1036:Ho Chi Minh in Hong Kong
766:South East Asia Research
578:Sidel, John, T. (2021).
475:Sidel, John, T. (2021).
376:7, no. 1 (1955): 63–75.
275:Communist Party of Annam
728:Pre-Communist Indochina
259:Chinese Communist Party
155:Tân Việt Cách mệnh Đảng
1001:. Taylor and Francis.
943:Pike, Douglas (1978).
778:10.5367/sear.2011.0069
685:Pike, Douglas (1978).
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153:. It was formerly the
149:, and within colonial
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737:10.4324/9780203379431
731:. London: Routledge.
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209:French Third Republic
995:Smith, R.B. (2012).
627:Sidel, John (2021).
998:Communist Indochina
902:The China Quarterly
707:Tuoung, Vu (2017).
214:Troiséme Republique
111:Politics of Vietnam
932:– via JSTOR.
374:Past & Present
319:
1008:978-1-136-60479-9
746:978-0-203-37943-1
591:978-1-5017-5563-7
488:978-1-5017-5563-7
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984:(1): 59–67.
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223:Cochinchina
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309:Trần Phú
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37:Trần Phú
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32:Leader
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790:S2CID
227:Annam
177:]
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