823:
843:
785:
56:
344:
42:
773:
800:
742:
105:
761:
274:
80:
594:. Average egg size is a breadth of 42.6–44.0 mm (1.68–1.73 in), a length of 58.1–60.6 mm (2.29–2.39 in) and a weight of 61.2–66.6 g (2.16–2.35 oz). The incubation period ranges from 28 to 32 days. The female does all the incubating and is abandoned by the male about 1 to 2 weeks into incubation. The young remain in the nest for about 24–36 hours.
336:
733:
during the 1970s, representing slightly less than 4% of the total waterfowl killed in Canada during that period, and less than 1% of the total waterfowl killed in the US. Both the breeding and winter habitats of these birds have been degraded by clearance and pollution. However, the common goldeneye
517:
Adult males range from 45–51 cm (18–20 in) and weigh approximately 1,000 g (2.2 lb), while females range from 40–50 cm (16–20 in) and weigh approximately 800 g (1.8 lb). The common goldeneye has a wingspan of 77–83 cm (30–33 in). The species is named for
598:
is quite common with other common goldeneyes, and occurs less frequently with other duck species. The broods commonly start to mix with other females' broods as they become more independent or are abandoned by their mothers. Goldeneye young have been known to be competitively killed by other
1463:
518:
its golden-yellow eyes. Adult males have a dark head with a greenish gloss and a circular white patch below the eye, a dark back and a white neck and belly. Adult females have a brown head and a mostly grey body. Their legs and feet are orange-yellow.
1439:
2021:
568:
and most winter in protected coastal waters or open inland waters at more temperate latitudes. Naturally, they nest in cavities in large trees, where they return year after year, though they will readily use
822:
842:
1380:
Pöysä, Hannu; Rask, Martti; Nummi, Petri (1994). "Acidification and ecological interactions at higher trophic levels in small forest lakes: the perch and the common goldeneye".
784:
1453:
1787:
1182:"Nest-site limitation and density dependence of reproductive output in the common goldeneye Bucephala clangula: implications for the management of cavity-nesting birds"
1305:
Eadie, John McA.; Kehoe, F. Patrick; Nudds, Thomas D. (1988-08-01). "Pre-hatch and post-hatch brood amalgamation in North
American Anatidae: a review of hypotheses".
2174:
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1817:
1240:
2412:
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Natural tree cavities chosen for nest sites include those made by broken limbs and those made by large woodpeckers, specifically
2086:
1450:
427:
220:
2192:
2226:
1995:
1899:
1972:
1740:
1145:
Dow, Hilary; Fredga, Sven (1985). "Selection of nest sites by a hole-nesting duck, the
Goldeneye Bucephala clangula".
447:
as Europe but in 1761 restricted this to Sweden. The common goldeneye is now one of three species placed in the genus
55:
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2104:
1496:
1029:
772:
104:
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343:
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1416:
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256:
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760:
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705:
454:
444:
1890:
41:
2257:
1959:
1852:
1807:
1597:
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1977:
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508:, 1838) – subarctic from west Alaskan mainland to Labrador and New Brunswick, south through northern USA
437:
199:
910:
378:
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1941:
1910:
1802:
1683:
1541:
1269:
1193:
791:
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1015:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 495.
615:
Common goldeneyes are diving birds that forage under water. Year-round, about 32% of their prey is
587:
526:
491:
419:
69:
2218:
1481:
995:(in Latin) (2nd ed.). Stockholmiae: Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 43.
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1389:
856:
852:
297:
99:
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Common goldeneyes are aggressive and territorial ducks, and have elaborate courtship displays.
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2008:
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Fauna svecica, sistens animalia sveciae regni mammalia, aves amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes
943:
Eadie, J. M.; Mallory, M. L.; Lumsden, H. G. (1995). "Common
Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)".
829:
2309:
2140:
1812:
1771:
1632:
1314:
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975:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 125.
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1258:"Nest parasitism and hatching success in a population of Goldeneyes Bucephala clangula"
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1097:"Common Goldeneye Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
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495:
472:
397:
1326:
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1215:
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116:
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Waterfowl of North
America, Europe, and Asia : an identification guide
335:
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570:
549:
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366:
166:
136:
1951:
1393:
2130:
1936:
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688:
624:
2270:
719:
Agreement on the
Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
1923:
810:
672:
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561:
545:
464:
meaning "bullheaded" or "large-headed". The specific epithet is from
126:
2166:
1846:
1344:(Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture.
1318:
952:
725:) applies. Around 188,300 common goldeneyes were killed annually by
2065:
2039:
2034:
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660:
640:
544:. They are found in the lakes and rivers of boreal forests across
541:
465:
401:
342:
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652:
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are the predominant prey during migration and winter. Locally,
656:
734:
in North
America is known to derive short-term benefits from
663:, while females and their broods have been preyed upon by
717:
The common goldeneye is one of the species to which the
607:. The young are capable of flight at 55–65 days of age.
396:, "head"), a reference to the bulbous head shape of the
453:
that was introduced in 1858 by the
American naturalist
1256:
Eriksson, Mats O. G.; Andersson, Malte (1982-03-01).
486:, 1758) – subarctic from Scotland and Scandinavia to
1859:
1780:
1754:
1733:
1707:
1666:
1575:
1524:
498:, north Mongolia and Heilongjiang (northeast China)
911:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680455A132529366.en
1788:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
1451:Feathers of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
1356:"Common Goldeneye Minnesota Conservation Summary"
1767:Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002
1436:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1497:
1124:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8:
1065:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
631:are the predominant prey while nesting and
494:(southeast Russia), in south through north
1847:
1793:Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
1504:
1490:
1482:
1445:Common Goldeneye wildlife photos and voice
1342:Food Habits of North American Diving Ducks
272:
78:
54:
40:
31:
1838:Rarely shot because of declining numbers.
1281:
1205:
909:
651:They themselves may fall prey to various
1232:Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America
878:
756:
525:has a longer and thicker bill than the
400:. The species name is derived from the
1798:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
377:. Its closest relative is the similar
1067:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1044:. International Ornithologists' Union
1038:"Screamers, ducks, geese & swans"
1024:
1022:
1009:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
381:. The genus name is derived from the
7:
2118:eb12bb88-5908-4714-bd4a-e24a719547d4
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
2398:IUCN Red List least concern species
2154:common-goldeneye-bucephala-clangula
1180:Pöysä, H.; Pöysä, S. (2002-06-13).
897:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1159:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1985.tb05034.x
790:Just after a dive - showing clear
422:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
25:
1818:Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom
945:The Birds of North America Online
468:"clangere" meaning "to resound".
1425:Common Goldeneye Species Account
1207:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00726.x
1042:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
1012:Check-List of Birds of the World
841:
821:
798:
783:
771:
759:
548:and the northern United States,
103:
1340:Cottam, Clarence (April 1939).
886:BirdLife International (2018).
1464:Common goldeneye photo gallery
703:) and American red squirrels (
540:Their breeding habitat is the
1:
1440:eNature.com: Common Goldeneye
1466:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1427:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1229:Baldassarre, Guy A. (2014).
347:Female goldeneye with chicks
2418:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1741:League Against Cruel Sports
1307:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2434:
1186:Journal of Applied Ecology
1120:Reeber, Sébastien (2015).
1063:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1836:
1470:Interactive range map of
1382:Annales Zoologici Fennici
1361:. Minnesota Audubon. 2014
1283:10.1080/00063658209476737
904:: e.T22680455A132529366.
457:. The genus name is from
443:. Linnaeus specified the
418:The common goldeneye was
303:
296:
280:
271:
233:
228:
205:
198:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
1417:Internet Bird Collection
1412:"Common goldeneye media"
1036:, eds. (December 2023).
643:can be important foods.
536:Distribution and habitat
2413:Birds described in 1758
706:Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
339:Bucephala clangula Pair
1808:Driven grouse shooting
749:
348:
340:
2318:Paleobiology Database
1519:in the United Kingdom
1101:www.allaboutbirds.org
744:
346:
338:
326:(Linnaeus, 1758)
2113:Fauna Europaea (new)
1803:Countryside Alliance
1684:European fallow deer
1542:Red-legged partridge
1447:at nature-photos.org
792:nictitating membrane
588:pileated woodpeckers
388:("bullheaded", from
365:) is a medium-sized
265:(American goldeneye)
246:(Eurasian goldeneye)
1431:Common Goldeneye -
1274:1982BirdS..29...49E
1198:2002JApEc..39..502P
599:goldeneye mothers,
492:Kamchatka Peninsula
318:Linnaeus, 1758
310:Linnaeus, 1758
70:Conservation status
2375:Bucephala-clangula
2027:bucephala-clangula
1929:bucephala-clangula
1916:Bucephala_clangula
1891:Bucephala clangula
1861:Bucephala clangula
1477:IUCN Red List maps
1472:Bucephala clangula
1456:2018-03-04 at the
1433:Bucephala clangula
1032:; Donsker, David;
890:Bucephala clangula
849:Bucephala clangula
834:Orconectes virilis
750:
736:lake acidification
420:formally described
379:Barrow's goldeneye
362:Bucephala clangula
349:
341:
209:Bucephala clangula
2385:
2384:
2305:Open Tree of Life
1853:Taxon identifiers
1844:
1843:
1628:Northern shoveler
1613:Pink-footed goose
1562:Eurasian woodcock
1082:978-1-4081-2501-4
1034:Rasmussen, Pamela
830:northern crayfish
745:Eggs, Collection
697:northern flickers
639:eggs and aquatic
619:, 28% is aquatic
605:red-necked grebes
592:black woodpeckers
333:
332:
323:Clangula clangula
291: Nonbreeding
266:
260:
247:
241:
93:
35:Common goldeneye
16:(Redirected from
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2403:Bucephala (bird)
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1772:Hunting Act 2004
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1648:Common goldeneye
1633:Northern pintail
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747:Museum Wiesbaden
701:Colaptes auratus
611:Food and feeding
596:Brood parasitism
475:are recognised:
407:("to resound").
353:common goldeneye
327:
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240:(Linnaeus, 1758)
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191:B. clangula
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671:spp.), various
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560:, and northern
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523:B. c. americana
521:The subspecies
515:
502:B. c. americana
433:Systema Naturae
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252:B. c. americana
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1537:Grey partridge
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1460:at ornithos.de
1448:
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1406:
1405:External links
1403:
1400:
1399:
1388:(4): 397–404.
1372:
1347:
1332:
1297:
1248:
1241:
1221:
1192:(3): 502–510.
1172:
1137:
1131:978-0691162669
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987:Linnaeus, Carl
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441:Anas clangula
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1708:Other quarry
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1603:Canada goose
1567:Common snipe
1557:Black grouse
1513:Game animals
1471:
1432:
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1363:. Retrieved
1350:
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1268:(1): 49–54.
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807:Rideau River
727:duck hunters
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713:Conservation
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157:Anseriformes
29:
2331:SeaLifeBase
2253:Neotropical
2214:NatureServe
2162:iNaturalist
1885:Wikispecies
1828:Deer forest
1623:Tufted duck
1593:Wood pigeon
1030:Gill, Frank
1007:Mayr, Ernst
917:12 November
857:Kuivasjärvi
853:Kaijonlahti
695:) and even
633:crustaceans
623:and 10% is
617:crustaceans
564:. They are
554:Scandinavia
513:Description
386:boukephalos
229:Subspecies
49:Adult male
2392:Categories
2370:Xeno-canto
1746:Animal Aid
1699:Water deer
1547:Red grouse
1525:Game birds
1262:Bird Study
1106:2020-09-26
873:References
571:nest boxes
496:Kazakhstan
473:subspecies
462:oukephalos
436:under the
398:bufflehead
375:goldeneyes
355:or simply
1734:Opponents
1689:Sika deer
1327:0008-4301
1292:0006-3657
1216:1365-2664
1167:1474-919X
647:Predators
577:Behaviour
573:as well.
566:migratory
506:Bonaparte
450:Bucephala
371:Bucephala
357:goldeneye
257:Bonaparte
185:Species:
178:Bucephala
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
2219:2.101051
2206:22680455
2180:11008974
2053:45510601
1965:22680455
1960:BirdLife
1949:BioLib:
1870:Wikidata
1781:See also
1679:Roe deer
1674:Red deer
1517:shooting
1454:Archived
1394:23735678
989:(1761).
969:(1758).
689:raccoons
625:molluscs
582:Breeding
550:Scotland
527:nominate
488:Sakhalin
484:Linnaeus
414:Taxonomy
405:clangere
367:sea duck
298:Synonyms
217:Linnaeus
167:Anatidae
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
2131:2498326
2001:bob2180
1937:Avibase
1720:Red fox
1638:Gadwall
1583:Mallard
1365:23 July
1270:Bibcode
1194:Bibcode
1048:28 June
865:Finland
851:in icy
828:With a
815:Ontario
753:Gallery
679:spp.),
677:Mustela
673:weasels
629:Insects
621:insects
430:of his
426:in the
394:kephale
259:, 1838)
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
2362:159197
2310:166683
2284:159197
2258:comgol
2245:107022
2193:175141
2138:GNAB:
2087:EURING
2066:BUCPCL
2040:comgol
1988:comgol
1924:ARKive
1904:comgol
1876:Q29865
1392:
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1290:
1239:
1214:
1165:
1128:
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811:Ottawa
661:eagles
641:plants
562:Russia
556:, the
546:Canada
373:, the
289:
283:
2357:WoRMS
2336:73599
2323:83459
2175:IRMNG
2105:96544
2074:EUNIS
2035:eBird
1985:BOW:
1978:10078
1390:JSTOR
1359:(PDF)
669:Ursus
665:bears
653:hawks
542:taiga
466:Latin
402:Latin
2349:2896
2292:ODNR
2279:OBIS
2240:NCBI
2201:IUCN
2188:ITIS
2167:6990
2126:GBIF
2092:2180
2061:EPPO
2014:NM25
1973:BOLD
1952:8488
1667:Deer
1588:Teal
1515:and
1367:2015
1323:ISSN
1288:ISSN
1237:ISBN
1212:ISSN
1163:ISSN
1147:Ibis
1126:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1050:2024
919:2021
902:2018
861:Oulu
723:AEWA
681:mink
659:and
657:owls
637:fish
603:and
490:and
471:Two
390:bous
351:The
221:1758
147:Aves
2344:TSA
2227:NBN
2149:IBC
2079:923
2048:EoL
2022:CMS
2009:CoL
1996:BTO
1911:ADW
1900:ABA
1755:Law
1475:at
1315:doi
1278:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
