365:
342:
44:
57:
354:
3774:
3786:
391:. It is a tall, roughly hairy plant reaching up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in height. The hollow, ridged stem with bristly hairs arises from a large tap root. The leaves can reach 50 centimetres (20 in) in length. They are once or twice pinnate, hairy and serrated, divided into 3–5 lobed segments.
1697:
The plant is common in grassland, herb-rich meadows, in hedges, meadows and woods, road verges and railway embankments, waste and cultivated ground. It grows especially well on moist, improved nitrogen-rich soils. It can occur in mountain areas up to 2,500 m (8,200 ft) of altitude.
412:, either flat or slightly convex, 4–25 cm in diameter, usually with 10–25 hairy, somewhat unequal rays, each 2–12 cm long. Each flower has five white or rarely pinkish-white to purplish petals. The central flowers of the umbel have radial symmetry (
445:), albeit at much lower concentrations, and there is evidence that the sap from common hogweed can also produce phytophotodermatitis (burns and rashes) in sensitive individuals when contaminated skin is exposed to sunlight.
3645:
Species
Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas
1384:, that is, the outer petals of the marginal flowers of a secondary umbel are only slightly enlarged, and either slightly incised at the apex or not incised at all. Only var.
1095:, that is, the outer petals of the marginal flowers of a secondary umbel are markedly larger, often two or more times as large as the inner petals. In 1846, the German botanist
364:
1758:
derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed. The young shoots are considered excellent eating by many foragers.
4062:
4124:
3822:
3426:
423:
The characteristic 'farm yardy' smell or the observation that pigs would eat the foliage and roots of hogweed is perhaps the origin of its common name.
3621:
New
England Wild Flower Society's Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England
420:) since the outermost petals are enlarged. The winged fruits are flattened schizocarps, elliptical to rounded and glabrous, about 7–12 mm long.
4010:
4075:
4023:
315:. It is native to most of Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, but is introduced in North America and elsewhere. Other common names include
4219:
4147:
3778:
3188:
3629:
3608:
1906:
1668:
but much less so in other parts of the country. The species has been introduced into North
America. In particular, it has been introduced to
4339:
4329:
2949:
2895:
2841:
2787:
2733:
2683:
2629:
2575:
2509:
2010:
1826:
3997:
3285:
1725:
The flowers are pollinated by insects such as beetles, wasps and especially flies. As its name suggests, the small picture-winged fly
3068:
4334:
4324:
3706:
1985:
1958:
4049:
2931:
2877:
2823:
2769:
2715:
2665:
2611:
2557:
2491:
1808:
4198:
1353:(along with each of its four forms) has an ovary overgrown with soft, blunt, spreading hairs whereas the ovary of var.
4080:
4111:
3603:. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 110. Bronx, New York, USA: The New York Botanical Garden Press.
3163:
4283:
4245:
2941:
2887:
2833:
2779:
2725:
2675:
2621:
2567:
2501:
1953:. Botanical Society of the British Isles Handbook, No. 2. London: British Museum (Natural History). p. 197.
1818:
1714:
extends from June to
September, with peak flowering and seed ripening occurring in July and August, respectively. In
3850:
4232:
2987:
2982:
2937:
2883:
2829:
2775:
2721:
2671:
2617:
2563:
2497:
2409:
2404:
2371:
2366:
2321:
2316:
2280:
2275:
2242:
2237:
1868:
1863:
1814:
1664:
is native to most of Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. For example, it occurs in southern and southwestern
1331:
536:
56:
4129:
3916:
3046:
4152:
1718:, seed dispersal occurs during late September and early October, which usually coincides with the winds of the
1096:
431:
312:
4237:
3790:
3430:
3717:
3370:
3878:
1319:
3697:
Tutin, T. G.; Heywood, V. H.; Burges, N. A.; Valentine, D. H.; Walters, S. M.; Webb, D. A., eds. (1968).
1357:(and each of its four forms) has short, stiff, ascending hairs with pointy tips. The hairs of var.
1138:
173:
4028:
3246:
341:
1769:
and to treat gynecological and fertility problems and impotence. It is also sometimes recommended for
4139:
3971:
2455:
437:
2168:
474:
except that it has yellowish-green flowers that are actinomorphic throughout the umbel arrangement.
43:
3479:
1733:
1686:
1043:
458:
4103:
1773:. However, there are no clinical studies to prove its efficacy at treating any of these problems.
1747:
plants survey conducted by AgriLand, a project supported by the UK Insect
Pollinators Initiative.
4319:
4291:
4224:
3963:
3797:
3747:
3685:
3502:
3462:
3192:
1396:
1335:
532:
197:
51:
3561:
3522:
3110:
2122:
4067:
3643:
4173:
3945:
3702:
3625:
3604:
3346:
3281:
2104:
2069:
2006:
1981:
1954:
1902:
1743:
was rated in the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a
1719:
1364:
Half of the forms lack the typical floral symmetry of the other forms. Similar to
Petermann's
1064:
353:
321:
150:
3619:
1107:
that lacks this characteristic. Subsequently, various authors have referred to it as f.
4178:
3739:
3677:
3338:
2096:
2059:
1330:
is not a correct name (see above). The remaining names are validly published. According to
4160:
3398:
3076:
2945:
2891:
2837:
2783:
2729:
2679:
2625:
2571:
2505:
1822:
1727:
1381:
1304:
1300:
1092:
442:
417:
413:
401:
388:
292:
94:
4211:
2196:
531:
accepts 8 subspecies in addition to the nominate subspecies. As of
September 2023,
4206:
3140:
1901:(Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics. p. 864.
1669:
1646:
1296:
527:
405:
81:
3278:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
2457:
Analytischer
Pflanzenschlüssel für botanischer Excursionen in der Umgegend von Leipzig
2100:
4313:
3639:
3326:
1715:
1134:
means "almost regular", a reference to the atypical marginal flowers of the variety.
490:
189:
3751:
3450:
3325:
Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015).
4296:
4188:
3950:
1894:
1731:
is found on hogweed. The leaves are commonly mined by the larvae of the leaf miner
1116:
1100:
522:
308:
3927:
3624:. Illustrated by Elizabeth Farnsworth and Gordon Morrison. Yale University Press.
3327:"Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers"
3032:
1299:. Each of the listed forms differs from its corresponding variety with respect to
4273:
4250:
4116:
4098:
4090:
4036:
3910:
3164:"Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum): Best Management Practices in Ontario"
2969:
2392:
2225:
1766:
1691:
416:), while the flowers around the perimeter of the umbel have bilateral symmetry (
330:
304:
3773:
441:(Sosnowsky's hogweed). It contains some of the same phytophototoxic compounds (
3743:
2354:
2304:
2263:
1851:
1776:
The seeds can be dried and used as a spice, with a flavour similar to that of
398:
384:
373:
289:
17:
4002:
3901:
3984:
1292:
3350:
2108:
2073:
4263:
3785:
4258:
3937:
3895:
3041:
2064:
2048:"The presently known distribution of furocoumarins (psoralens) in plants"
2047:
2022:
1777:
1770:
1323:
1048:
296:
140:
120:
107:
4165:
3806:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
3506:
4015:
3958:
3689:
3119:
State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1755:
1694:, botanists have been unable to identify the taxon to subspecies rank.
130:
4041:
3342:
1665:
409:
326:
300:
3872:
3681:
2915:
2861:
2807:
2753:
2703:
2649:
2595:
2541:
2479:
4054:
3989:
3718:"On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous
1796:
363:
352:
340:
68:
3976:
3876:
3463:
https://gallowaywildfoods.com/hogweed-seed-parkin-cake-recipe/
2046:
Pathak, M.A.; Daniels, Farrington; Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1962).
2180:
1744:
1361:
may be so short, they may not be visible to the naked eye.
2148:
2146:
2023:"Common Hogweed - Identification, Edibility, Distribution"
1062:
of Europe. As of October 2023, POWO accepts these taxa as
27:
Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae
1653:'vertebra') refers to the shape of the segmented stem.
539:(POWO) accept 18 and 14 subspecies, respectively.
325:
of North America). The flowers provide a great deal of
3203:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1761:
In eastern European countries and especially Romania,
3648:(1st ed.). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii
3885:
1690:) has been introduced in the United States, but in
470:. The latter is similar to the typical subsp.
3169:. Ontario Invasive Plant Council, Peterborough, ON
3162:MacDonald, Francine; Anderson, Hayley (May 2012).
1932:
1930:
408:as sometimes claimed. The flowers are arranged in
3451:https://www.wildfooduk.com/wild-plants/hogweed-2/
3429:. Conservation Grade. 2014-10-15. Archived from
2460:. Leipzig: Carl Heinrich Reclam sen. p. 176
2299:
2297:
1676:in Canada are rare. Some authorities claim that
3576:occurring in Poland and neighbouring countries"
2706:Heracleum sphondylium var. chaetocarpoides
1846:
1844:
1842:
3808:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
3427:"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?"
3121:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1334:, each of the names in the previous list is a
521:is highly variable throughout its range, many
2087:Bowers, A.G. (1999). "Phytophotodermatitis".
1322:since Gawłowska did not properly specify the
8:
3701:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
2482:Heracleum sphondylium var. subregulare
1706:In Europe, the primary flowering season of
1392:were found to be common in Poland in 1961.
3873:
3276:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
3075:Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Archived from
42:
31:
3097:
3019:
3007:
2528:
2441:
2063:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1976:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
1349:Based on Gawłowska's taxonomy, var.
3312:
3300:
2429:
2341:
2164:
2152:
1972:
1970:
1921:
1401:
1025:Unlike WFO, POWO recognizes subsp.
541:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1788:
1141:constructed the following taxonomy for
239:
210:
3233:
3221:
3195:Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum
2191:
2189:
2089:American Journal of Contact Dermatitis
576:(Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Dobignard
3201:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1287:. It is distinguished from var.
241:
212:
7:
4140:80d8c089-c50c-4a3e-917f-0792b3e5b386
2395:Heracleum sphondylium subsp. elegans
2052:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
1978:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
1936:
3580:Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica
3541:Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica
2950:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2896:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2842:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2788:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2734:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2684:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2630:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2576:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2510:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1827:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2454:Petermann, Wilhelm Ludwig (1846).
1368:, the marginal flowers of f.
1058:of North America into subsp.
1037:at species rank, with subsp.
489:described by the Swedish botanist
25:
3523:"Research on the distribution of
3478:Brummitt, R. K. (December 1971).
2001:Parnell, J. and Curtis, Y. 2012.
4238:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:843179-1
3784:
3772:
3141:"Heracleum sphondylium Linnaeus"
2398:(Crantz) Schübl. & G.Martens
1951:Umbellifers of the British Isles
719:(Crantz) Schübl. & G.Martens
55:
3732:Plant Systematics and Evolution
3661:Sheppard, A. W. (March 1991). "
2932:International Plant Names Index
2878:International Plant Names Index
2824:International Plant Names Index
2770:International Plant Names Index
2716:International Plant Names Index
2666:International Plant Names Index
2612:International Plant Names Index
2558:International Plant Names Index
2492:International Plant Names Index
1809:International Plant Names Index
1326:in each case. The name f.
911:(Litard. & Maire) Dobignard
1899:New Flora of the British Isles
525:have been described. In 1968,
493:in 1753 (the other four being
1:
3821:West, Roger (2 August 2020).
2101:10.1016/S1046-199X(99)90006-4
1645:, meaning "vertebrate" (from
1137:In 1961, the Polish botanist
3560:Gawłowska, Maria J. (1961).
3521:Gawłowska, Maria J. (1957).
4340:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3280:. London: A & C Black.
2942:Harvard University Herbaria
2888:Harvard University Herbaria
2834:Harvard University Herbaria
2780:Harvard University Herbaria
2726:Harvard University Herbaria
2676:Harvard University Herbaria
2622:Harvard University Herbaria
2568:Harvard University Herbaria
2502:Harvard University Herbaria
1819:Harvard University Herbaria
862:(Lam.) Bonnier & Layens
813:(Schleich. ex Gaudin) Briq.
372:, showing the heart-shaped
4356:
4330:Medicinal plants of Europe
3599:Gilman, Arthur V. (2015).
2988:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2983:Plants of the World Online
2938:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2884:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2830:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2776:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2722:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2672:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2618:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2564:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2498:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2410:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2405:Plants of the World Online
2372:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2367:Plants of the World Online
2322:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2317:Plants of the World Online
2281:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2276:Plants of the World Online
2243:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2238:Plants of the World Online
1869:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1864:Plants of the World Online
1815:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1332:Plants of the World Online
537:Plants of the World Online
485:is one of five species of
3744:10.1007/s00606-006-0493-y
3562:"Taxonomy of the species
3047:Missouri Botanical Garden
2005:. Cork University Press.
1395:As of August 2023, other
600:(L.) Bonnier & Layens
319:(not to be confused with
203:
196:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
4335:Plants described in 1753
4325:Medicinal plants of Asia
3403:Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851"
1657:Distribution and habitat
1097:Wilhelm Ludwig Petermann
1083:The marginal flowers of
517:Since the morphology of
432:Heracleum mantegazzianum
3618:Haines, Arthur (2011).
3465:Retrieved 20 June 2024
3453:Retrieved 20 June 2024
3251:— European cow-parsnip"
3069:"Den Virtuella Floran:
1320:validly published names
1279:is there designated as
1271:The typical variety of
1119:of the infraspecies is
456:is often confused with
1924:, pp. 235, 245–6.
377:
361:
350:
256:Heracleum sphondylium
4189:Heracleum_sphondylium
3917:Heracleum sphondylium
3887:Heracleum sphondylium
3853:Heracleum sphondylium
3825:Heracleum sphondylium
3800:Heracleum sphondylium
3791:Heracleum sphondylium
3779:Heracleum sphondylium
3720:Heracleum sphondylium
3716:Zych, Marcin (2006).
3663:Heracleum sphondylium
3564:Heracleum sphondylium
3525:Heracleum sphondylium
3249:Heracleum sphondylium
3113:Heracleum sphondylium
3071:Heracleum sphondylium
3035:Heracleum sphondylium
2972:Heracleum sphondylium
2918:Heracleum sphondylium
2864:Heracleum sphondylium
2810:Heracleum sphondylium
2756:Heracleum sphondylium
2652:Heracleum sphondylium
2598:Heracleum sphondylium
2544:Heracleum sphondylium
2266:Heracleum cyclocarpum
2199:Heracleum sphondylium
2125:Heracleum sphondylium
2003:Webb's An Irish Flora
1949:Tutin, T. G. (1980).
1854:Heracleum sphondylium
1799:Heracleum sphondylium
1741:Heracleum sphondylium
1708:Heracleum sphondylium
1678:Heracleum sphondylium
1662:Heracleum sphondylium
1388:and its form f.
1340:Heracleum sphondylium
1281:Heracleum sphondylium
1273:Heracleum sphondylium
1257:Heracleum sphondylium
1245:Heracleum sphondylium
1233:Heracleum sphondylium
1221:Heracleum sphondylium
1209:Heracleum sphondylium
1195:Heracleum sphondylium
1183:Heracleum sphondylium
1171:Heracleum sphondylium
1159:Heracleum sphondylium
1150:Heracleum sphondylium
1143:Heracleum sphondylium
1121:Heracleum sphondylium
1085:Heracleum sphondylium
519:Heracleum sphondylium
483:Heracleum sphondylium
464:Heracleum sphondylium
454:Heracleum sphondylium
427:Heracleum sphondylium
395:Heracleum sphondylium
381:Heracleum sphondylium
370:Heracleum sphondylium
367:
358:Heracleum sphondylium
356:
344:
295:in the carrot family
277:Heracleum sphondylium
215:Pastinaca sphondylium
183:Heracleum sphondylium
36:Heracleum sphondylium
3793:at Wikimedia Commons
3601:New Flora of Vermont
3487:of North America to
3379:www.eakringbirds.com
3257:. Native Plant Trust
2228:Heracleum carpaticum
2206:. World Flora Online
2065:10.1038/jid.1962.106
438:Heracleum sosnowskyi
435:(giant hogweed) and
280:, commonly known as
236:Heterotypic synonyms
3571:Heracleum sibiricum
3532:Heracleum sibiricum
3489:H. sphondylium
3407:British Leaf Miners
3401:Phytomyza spondylii
2307:Heracleum sibiricum
2181:Tutin et al. (1968)
2027:Galloway Wild Foods
1763:H. sphondylium
1734:Phytomyza spondylii
1687:Heracleum sibiricum
1674:H. sphondylium
1397:infraspecific names
1295:(hairiness) of the
1044:Heracleum sibiricum
1041:being a synonym of
985:(Blanch.) Kerguélen
625:(Manden.) P.H.Davis
459:Heracleum sibiricum
397:is most commonly a
244:Heracleum australe
223:Sphondylium vulgare
165:H. sphondylium
3859:Euro+Med Plantbase
3835:Botany in Scotland
3670:Journal of Ecology
2127:: Similar Species"
1475:O.Bolòs & Vigo
1139:Maria J. Gawłowska
1079:Other infraspecies
1033:, and subsp.
837:(Guss.) H.Neumayer
696:(K.Koch) P.H.Davis
533:World Flora Online
523:infraspecific taxa
499:H. austriacum
378:
362:
351:
207:Homotypic synonyms
4307:
4306:
4174:Open Tree of Life
3879:Taxon identifiers
3849:Hand, R. (2011).
3789:Media related to
3631:978-0-300-17154-9
3610:978-0-89327-516-7
3482:Heracleum lanatum
3480:"Relationship of
3343:10.1111/plb.12328
3224:, pp. 497–8.
2357:Heracleum maximum
1908:978-1-5272-2630-2
1720:September equinox
1672:, but reports of
1641:The species name
1634:
1633:
1065:Heracleum maximum
1053:Heracleum lanatum
1023:
1022:
1009:(Pančić) Brummitt
935:(Velen.) Brummitt
649:(Maire) Dobignard
507:H. sibiricum
322:Heracleum maximum
299:, which includes
273:
272:
264:
252:
227:
219:
16:(Redirected from
4347:
4300:
4299:
4287:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4254:
4253:
4241:
4240:
4228:
4227:
4215:
4214:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4169:
4168:
4156:
4155:
4143:
4142:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4117:NBNSYS0000003710
4107:
4106:
4094:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4019:
4018:
4006:
4005:
3993:
3992:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3966:
3954:
3953:
3941:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3788:
3777:Data related to
3776:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3738:(3–4): 159–179.
3729:
3724:
3712:
3693:
3667:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3635:
3614:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3575:
3568:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3536:
3529:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3501:(796): 578–584.
3486:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3107:
3101:
3098:Gawłowska (1957)
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3067:Arne Anderberg.
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3029:
3023:
3020:Gawłowska (1961)
3017:
3011:
3008:Gawłowska (1961)
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2926:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2872:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2818:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2764:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2660:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2606:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2552:
2538:
2532:
2529:Gawłowska (1961)
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2486:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2451:
2445:
2442:Gawłowska (1961)
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2399:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2361:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2270:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2019:
2013:
1999:
1988:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1891:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1858:
1848:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1803:
1793:
1624:
1621:
1602:
1599:
1581:
1580:(F.Malý) Nikolic
1578:
1560:
1557:
1539:
1536:
1518:
1517:(Kitag.) H. Ohba
1515:
1497:
1494:
1476:
1473:
1455:
1452:
1434:
1433:(Koidz.) H. Ohba
1431:
1402:
1310:Neither f.
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1129:
1075:, respectively.
1071:and subsp.
1070:
1057:
1010:
1007:
986:
983:
961:
960:(Schur) Brummitt
958:
936:
933:
912:
909:
888:
885:
863:
860:
838:
835:
814:
811:
790:
787:
767:
764:
743:
740:
720:
717:
697:
694:
674:
671:
650:
647:
626:
623:
601:
598:
577:
574:
542:
462:, also known as
429:is smaller than
262:
259:
250:
247:
225:
217:
185:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4295:
4290:
4282:
4280:
4272:
4270:
4262:
4257:
4249:
4244:
4236:
4231:
4223:
4218:
4210:
4205:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4185:
4177:
4172:
4164:
4161:Observation.org
4159:
4151:
4146:
4138:
4136:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4089:
4088:MichiganFlora:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4035:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3975:
3970:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3881:
3863:
3861:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3820:
3811:
3809:
3796:
3769:
3756:
3754:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3709:
3696:
3682:10.2307/2260795
3665:
3660:
3651:
3649:
3638:
3632:
3617:
3611:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3550:
3548:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3484:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3409:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3373:Euleia heraclei
3369:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3313:Sheppard (1991)
3311:
3307:
3301:Sheppard (1991)
3299:
3295:
3288:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2790:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2686:
2658:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2605:(Le Gall) Gawł.
2604:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2578:
2550:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2430:Sheppard (1991)
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2342:Brummitt (1971)
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2165:Linnaeus (1753)
2163:
2159:
2153:Sheppard (1991)
2151:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2131:iNaturalist.org
2121:
2120:
2116:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2011:978-185918-4783
2000:
1991:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1928:
1922:Sheppard (1991)
1920:
1916:
1909:
1893:
1892:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1753:
1728:Euleia heraclei
1704:
1659:
1639:
1622:
1613:
1600:
1591:
1579:
1570:
1559:(Honda) H. Ohba
1558:
1555:tsaurugisanense
1549:
1538:(Gawlowska) Soó
1537:
1528:
1516:
1507:
1495:
1486:
1474:
1465:
1453:
1444:
1432:
1423:
1386:chaetocarpoides
1359:chaetocarpoides
1355:chaetocarpoides
1305:leaf morphology
1301:floral symmetry
1289:chaetocarpoides
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1213:chaetocarpoides
1201:
1189:
1178:(Le Gall) Gawł.
1177:
1165:
1127:
1103:of subsp.
1081:
1068:
1055:
1008:
999:
984:
975:
959:
956:transsilvanicum
950:
934:
925:
910:
901:
886:
877:
861:
852:
836:
827:
812:
803:
788:
779:
765:
756:
741:
732:
718:
709:
695:
686:
672:
663:
648:
639:
624:
615:
599:
590:
575:
566:
515:
503:H. panaces
495:H. alpinum
480:
451:
449:Similar species
443:furanocoumarins
402:perennial plant
389:flowering plant
339:
293:perennial plant
269:
257:
245:
238:
237:
232:
218:(L.) Calest.
209:
208:
192:
187:
181:
168:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4353:
4351:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:wfo-0000720220
4288:
4278:
4268:
4255:
4242:
4229:
4216:
4203:
4193:
4183:
4170:
4157:
4144:
4134:
4121:
4108:
4095:
4085:
4072:
4059:
4046:
4033:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3968:
3955:
3942:
3932:
3922:
3907:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3846:
3818:
3794:
3782:
3781:at Wikispecies
3768:
3767:External links
3765:
3764:
3763:
3713:
3707:
3699:Flora Europaea
3694:
3676:(1): 235–258.
3658:
3640:Linnaeus, Carl
3636:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3596:
3557:
3518:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3418:
3390:
3362:
3317:
3315:, p. 249.
3305:
3293:
3287:978-1408179505
3286:
3268:
3238:
3236:, p. 342.
3226:
3214:
3180:
3154:
3132:
3102:
3090:
3059:
3024:
3012:
3010:, Fig. 1.
3000:
2961:
2907:
2853:
2799:
2745:
2695:
2641:
2587:
2551:(Gaudin) Gawł.
2533:
2521:
2471:
2446:
2434:
2432:, p. 235.
2422:
2384:
2346:
2334:
2293:
2255:
2217:
2185:
2173:
2157:
2155:, p. 236.
2142:
2114:
2079:
2058:(3): 225–239.
2038:
2014:
1989:
1966:
1959:
1941:
1926:
1914:
1907:
1881:
1838:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1765:is used as an
1752:
1749:
1703:
1700:
1684:(a synonym of
1670:eastern Canada
1658:
1655:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1376:, and f.
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1166:(Gaudin) Gawł.
1091:are typically
1080:
1077:
1029:, subsp.
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
996:
995:
992:
989:
987:
972:
971:
968:
965:
962:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
922:
921:
918:
915:
913:
898:
897:
895:
892:
889:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
824:
823:
821:
818:
815:
800:
799:
796:
793:
791:
789:(Boiss.) Briq.
776:
775:
773:
770:
768:
753:
752:
749:
746:
744:
729:
728:
725:
723:
721:
706:
705:
703:
700:
698:
683:
682:
680:
677:
675:
660:
659:
656:
653:
651:
636:
635:
632:
629:
627:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
563:
562:
557:
552:
549:Flora Europaea
545:
528:Flora Europaea
514:
511:
479:
476:
450:
447:
347:H. sphondylium
338:
335:
286:common hogweed
271:
270:
268:
267:
266:
265:
253:
235:
234:
233:
231:
230:
229:
228:
220:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
194:
193:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
162:
160:
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Common Hogweed
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4352:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3847:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3708:0-521-06662-X
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3444:
3433:on 2019-12-14
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3391:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3366:
3363:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:Plant Biology
3328:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3234:Haines (2011)
3230:
3227:
3223:
3222:Gilman (2015)
3218:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3173:September 19,
3165:
3158:
3155:
3147:September 25,
3142:
3136:
3133:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3103:
3100:, p. 68.
3099:
3094:
3091:
3079:on 2018-09-20
3078:
3074:
3072:
3063:
3060:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3022:, p. 38.
3021:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2962:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2908:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2800:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2746:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2696:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2642:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2588:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2447:
2444:, p. 34.
2443:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2385:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2218:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:0-340-40170-2
1983:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:Great Britain
1713:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:atropurpureum
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:(Michx.) Dorn
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:angustifolium
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1429:akasimontanum
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:actinomorphic
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:or var.
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:described an
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1005:verticillatum
1002:
998:
997:
993:
990:
988:
982:
981:trifoliolatum
978:
974:
973:
969:
966:
963:
957:
953:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
932:
928:
924:
923:
919:
916:
914:
908:
904:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
884:
880:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
859:
855:
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
834:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
794:
792:
786:
782:
778:
777:
774:
771:
769:
763:
759:
755:
754:
750:
747:
745:
739:
735:
731:
730:
726:
724:
722:
716:
712:
708:
707:
704:
701:
699:
693:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
676:
673:(Porcius) Soó
670:
666:
662:
661:
657:
654:
652:
646:
642:
638:
637:
633:
630:
628:
622:
618:
614:
613:
609:
606:
603:
597:
593:
589:
588:
584:
581:
579:
573:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
550:
546:
544:
543:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
520:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Carl Linnaeus
488:
484:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
455:
448:
446:
444:
440:
439:
434:
433:
428:
424:
421:
419:
415:
414:actinomorphic
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
375:
371:
366:
359:
355:
348:
343:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
313:giant hogweed
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
261:
254:
249:
242:
240:
224:
221:
216:
213:
211:
202:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
178:
175:
174:Binomial name
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3886:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:
3852:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:
3828:
3824:
3810:. Retrieved
3805:
3799:
3755:. Retrieved
3735:
3731:
3719:
3698:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3644:
3620:
3600:
3588:. Retrieved
3583:
3579:
3570:
3563:
3549:. Retrieved
3544:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3510:. Retrieved
3498:
3494:
3488:
3481:
3472:Bibliography
3458:
3446:
3435:. Retrieved
3431:the original
3421:
3410:. Retrieved
3406:
3400:
3393:
3382:. Retrieved
3378:
3372:
3365:
3354:. Retrieved
3337:(1): 56–62.
3334:
3330:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3277:
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3254:
3248:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3200:
3194:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3143:. Canadensys
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3118:
3112:
3105:
3093:
3083:20 September
3081:. Retrieved
3077:the original
3070:
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3040:
3034:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2981:
2975:
2974:subsp.
2971:
2964:
2953:. Retrieved
2930:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2899:. Retrieved
2876:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2845:. Retrieved
2822:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2791:. Retrieved
2768:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2737:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2698:
2687:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2633:. Retrieved
2610:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2579:. Retrieved
2556:
2548:stenophyllum
2547:
2543:
2536:
2524:
2513:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2456:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2365:
2356:
2349:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2315:
2306:
2284:. Retrieved
2274:
2265:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2236:
2227:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2198:
2176:
2160:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2124:
2117:
2095:(2): 89–93.
2092:
2088:
2082:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:
2017:
2002:
1977:
1960:0-90-115802X
1950:
1944:
1917:
1898:
1895:Stace, C. A.
1872:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1830:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1791:
1775:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1711:
1710:subsp.
1707:
1705:
1696:
1685:
1681:
1680:subsp.
1677:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1618:
1614:
1596:
1592:
1575:
1571:
1554:
1550:
1533:
1529:
1512:
1508:
1491:
1487:
1470:
1466:
1449:
1445:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1399:are in use:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1342:subsp.
1339:
1327:
1315:
1314:nor f.
1312:stenophyllum
1311:
1309:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:subsp.
1272:
1270:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1163:stenophyllum
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1130:The epithet
1124:
1120:
1117:correct name
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:infraspecies
1088:
1087:subsp.
1084:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1004:
1000:
980:
976:
955:
951:
930:
926:
906:
902:
887:(L.) Simonk.
882:
878:
857:
853:
832:
828:
808:
804:
784:
780:
766:(Willd.) Soó
761:
757:
737:
733:
714:
710:
691:
687:
668:
664:
644:
640:
620:
616:
595:
591:
571:
567:
559:
554:
548:
547:
526:
518:
516:
506:
502:
498:
494:
486:
482:
481:
471:
467:
466:subsp.
463:
457:
453:
452:
436:
430:
426:
425:
422:
394:
393:
380:
379:
369:
357:
346:
345:Close-up of
320:
316:
309:ground elder
285:
281:
276:
275:
274:
255:
243:
222:
214:
182:
180:
164:
163:
151:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
4284:cow-parsnip
4212:kew-2846164
4099:NatureServe
4037:iNaturalist
3911:Wikispecies
3829:sphondylium
3725:(Apiaceae)"
2976:sphondylium
2868:intermedium
2167:, pp.
1937:Zych (2006)
1767:aphrodisiac
1712:sphondylium
1692:New England
1649:σπόνδυλος,
1643:sphondylium
1619:rubriflorum
1390:intermedium
1380:are nearly
1374:intermedium
1366:subregulare
1351:sphondylium
1344:sphondylium
1328:subregulare
1307:, or both.
1285:sphondylium
1277:sphondylium
1249:intermedium
1187:subregulare
1154:sphondylium
1132:subregulare
1125:subregulare
1113:subregulare
1109:subregulare
1105:sphondylium
1093:zygomorphic
1089:sphondylium
1047:. In 1971,
1031:cyclocarpum
692:cyclocarpum
472:sphondylium
418:zygomorphic
368:Drawing of
337:Description
331:pollinators
317:cow parsnip
305:cow parsley
260:macrocarpum
248:wendtioides
95:Angiosperms
4314:Categories
4207:Plant List
3827:ssp.
3823:"Hogweed,
3547:(1): 61–68
3537:in Poland"
3491:of Europe"
3437:2017-10-18
3412:2023-08-19
3384:2023-08-19
3356:2023-08-19
3189:USDA, NRCS
2993:13 October
2955:2023-10-13
2922:commutatum
2901:2023-10-13
2847:2023-10-13
2793:2023-10-13
2760:spectabile
2739:2023-10-13
2689:2023-10-13
2656:subaequale
2635:2023-10-13
2581:2023-10-13
2515:2023-10-13
2464:15 October
2136:2023-08-23
2032:2022-06-17
1832:2023-08-20
1784:References
1513:nipponicum
1378:commutatum
1372:, f.
1370:subaequale
1283:var.
1261:commutatum
1225:spectabile
1211:var.
1199:subaequale
1152:var.
1123:var.
1115:, but the
1039:flavescens
1027:carpaticum
907:suaveolens
858:pyrenaicum
785:granatense
762:flavescens
669:carpaticum
645:aurasiacum
621:artvinense
572:algeriense
535:(WFO) and
513:Subspecies
399:polycarpic
385:herbaceous
374:schizocarp
290:herbaceous
4320:Apioideae
3864:29 August
3590:8 October
3586:(1): 3–39
3551:8 October
3512:20 August
3261:23 August
3255:Go Botany
3125:23 August
2946:Libraries
2892:Libraries
2838:Libraries
2784:Libraries
2730:Libraries
2680:Libraries
2626:Libraries
2602:dissectum
2572:Libraries
2506:Libraries
2415:22 August
2377:22 August
2360:W.Bartram
2327:22 August
2286:22 August
2248:22 August
1823:Libraries
1682:sibiricum
1651:spondylos
1637:Etymology
1597:dissectum
1471:fontqueri
1316:dissectum
1175:dissectum
1069:W.Bartram
1035:sibiricum
883:sibiricum
738:embergeri
487:Heracleum
468:sibiricum
159:Species:
152:Heracleum
65:Kingdom:
4271:VASCAN:
4259:Tropicos
4186:PalDat:
4104:2.135608
4068:11163838
4055:843179-1
3935:BioLib:
3896:Wikidata
3840:8 August
3812:3 August
3757:8 August
3752:40995627
3652:3 August
3642:(1753).
3507:23311734
3351:25754608
3207:4 August
3191:(n.d.).
3052:3 August
3042:Tropicos
2920:f.
2866:f.
2814:mirabile
2812:f.
2758:f.
2654:f.
2600:f.
2546:f.
2210:4 August
2109:10357718
2074:13941836
1897:(2019).
1874:3 August
1778:cardamom
1771:epilepsy
1409:Tropicos
1324:basionym
1293:pilosity
1259:f.
1247:f.
1237:mirabile
1235:f.
1223:f.
1197:f.
1185:f.
1173:f.
1161:f.
1060:montanum
1049:Brummitt
931:ternatum
809:montanum
478:Taxonomy
406:biennial
404:, not a
297:Apiaceae
251:Murb.
198:Synonyms
141:Apiaceae
137:Family:
121:Asterids
108:Eudicots
4264:1700138
4016:3034830
3959:Ecocrop
3902:Q752675
3690:2260795
3495:Rhodora
2485:Peterm.
2231:Porcius
2169:249–250
1756:Borscht
1702:Ecology
1492:lanatum
1336:synonym
1291:by the
1190:Peterm.
1128:Peterm.
1073:elegans
1051:lumped
1003:subsp.
979:subsp.
954:subsp.
929:subsp.
905:subsp.
881:subsp.
856:subsp.
833:orsinii
831:subsp.
807:subsp.
783:subsp.
760:subsp.
736:subsp.
715:elegans
713:subsp.
690:subsp.
667:subsp.
643:subsp.
619:subsp.
596:alpinum
594:subsp.
570:subsp.
376:(fruit)
349:flowers
288:, is a
282:hogweed
147:Genus:
131:Apiales
127:Order:
69:Plantae
4220:PLANTS
4179:903088
4137:NZOR:
4042:163682
4003:151232
3977:581673
3928:154823
3925:APDB:
3750:
3705:
3688:
3628:
3607:
3505:
3485:Michx.
3349:
3284:
2944:&
2934:(IPNI)
2890:&
2880:(IPNI)
2836:&
2826:(IPNI)
2782:&
2772:(IPNI)
2728:&
2718:(IPNI)
2678:&
2668:(IPNI)
2624:&
2614:(IPNI)
2570:&
2560:(IPNI)
2504:&
2494:(IPNI)
2269:K.Koch
2107:
2072:
2009:
1984:
1957:
1905:
1821:&
1811:(IPNI)
1666:Poland
1623:H.Ohba
1601:H.Ohba
1056:Michx.
505:, and
410:umbels
327:nectar
301:fennel
263:Lange
4281:WiO:
4225:HESP6
4196:PFI:
4148:NZPCN
4130:40919
4081:29671
4063:IRMNG
4029:70346
3998:EUNIS
3990:HERSP
3951:3KXGQ
3938:40341
3748:S2CID
3728:(PDF)
3686:JSTOR
3503:JSTOR
3167:(PDF)
2925:Gawł.
2871:Gawł.
2817:Gawł.
2763:Gawł.
2709:Gawł.
2659:Gawł.
1647:Greek
1615:H. s.
1593:H. s.
1572:H. s.
1553:var.
1551:H. s.
1534:rarum
1532:var.
1530:H. s.
1511:var.
1509:H. s.
1490:var.
1488:H. s.
1469:var.
1467:H. s.
1454:Jacq.
1448:var.
1446:H. s.
1427:var.
1425:H. s.
1297:ovary
1264:Gawł.
1252:Gawł.
1240:Gawł.
1228:Gawł.
1216:Gawł.
1202:Gawł.
1001:H. s.
977:H. s.
952:H. s.
927:H. s.
903:H. s.
879:H. s.
854:H. s.
829:H. s.
805:H. s.
781:H. s.
758:H. s.
742:Maire
734:H. s.
711:H. s.
688:H. s.
665:H. s.
641:H. s.
617:H. s.
592:H. s.
568:H. s.
383:is a
360:fruit
226:Gray
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
4274:2585
4251:8656
4233:POWO
4199:3642
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