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209:." Though both common household chemicals, accidents involving the mixing of ammonia and bleach are rare, because the potentially lethal danger in their chemical reaction is a widely circulated cautionary tale amongst some American families and so could possibly be considered common knowledge in those populations, but may not extend to wider populations.
140:
In broader terms, common knowledge is used to refer to information that an agent would accept as valid, such as information that multiple users may know. Assigning something the label of common knowledge requires certain considerations about the involved community, group, society and/or individuals,
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Defining something as common knowledge can differ based on circumstances because there are variations in what is considered common knowledge amongst different groups. The variation can come from the time period, culture, population, class, age, demographic, and other circumstances. For example, The
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On a larger global scale, it is not possible to define almost any knowledge as common knowledge because it is difficult to know how far a fact has spread in global populations without large-scale global population studies. For example, the current president of the United States might be considered
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Common knowledge is not always stable, and can shift over time to create new common knowledge. Knowledge that was once considered common knowledge amongst a group, society, or community might later become known as false. For example, for centuries it was common knowledge in Europe that the Sun
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It is hard to define fact from belief and thus there are scholars who prefer to separate common knowledge from common belief. Common belief is something that is more easily defined because the requirement is only that a majority of people within a specific group, community, or society believe
129:. Since individuals often have different knowledge bases, common knowledge can vary and it may sometimes take large-scale studies to know for certain what is common knowledge amongst large groups of people. Often, common knowledge does not need to be
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common knowledge in much of the world because of the power associated with that position, but one cannot assume that there is global recognition of this fact as common knowledge without further research into the knowledge of global populations.
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Many techniques have been developed in response to the question of distinguishing truth from fact in matters that have become "common knowledge". Techniques for how to shape common knowledge can vary through professional settings.
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might be considered common knowledge among people residing in the United States of a certain age, but cannot be considered common knowledge when considering the general population of other countries.
198:." Many capital cities of developed countries are considered common knowledge by most people, but one cannot claim this as common knowledge for global populations without further research.
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235:, which may draw on "facts" someone believes to be "common knowledge". The use of common knowledge in law varies between countries.
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revolved around the Earth, but after years of arguments, it is now common knowledge that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
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something to be true whereas common knowledge must meet this requirement and also prove that the belief is a fact.
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in which the knowledge is referenced. Common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science,
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362:, volume 41, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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608:"Knowledge on Tap: Police Science and Common Knowledge in the Legal Regulation of Drunkenness"
566:"From Pythagoreans to Kepler: the dispute between the geocentric and the heliocentric systems"
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that is publicly known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the
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511:"Common Knowledge, Learning, and Citation Practices in University Writing"
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Theodossiou, E.; Danezis, E.; Manimanis, V.N.; Kalyva, E.M. (2002).
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Epistemic Logic for
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
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407:"Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment"
277:, an attempt to capture common sense in a computer system
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R. Fagin, J. Y. Halpern, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi.
152:Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
405:Halpern, Joseph Y.; Moses, Yoram (1990-07-01).
375:. "Assertion". Pages 315–322 in P. Cole (ed.).
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570:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
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98:Learn how and when to remove this message
61:This article includes a list of general
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141:the time period, and the location.
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133:Common knowledge is distinct from
67:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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592:– via University of Athens.
582:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2002.01.07
358:J-J Ch. Meyer and W van der Hoek
43:Common knowledge (disambiguation)
27:Statement widely known to be true
473:Journal of Economic Perspectives
467:Geanakoplos, John (1992-11-01).
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311:List of common misconceptions
286:Obliteration by incorporation
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329:Reasoning about Knowledge
680:Concepts in epistemology
612:Law & Social Inquiry
353:Harvard University Press
291:Preference falsification
245:Common knowledge (logic)
201:"It is dangerous to mix
30:Not to be confused with
349:: A philosophical study
331:, The MIT Press, 1995.
281:Knowledge falsification
82:more precise citations.
665:Sociology of knowledge
301:Social constructionism
527:10.58680/rte201113468
377:Syntax and Semantics
41:For other uses, see
670:Social epistemology
433:10.1145/79147.79161
382:: Pragmatics, 1978.
260:Conventional wisdom
227:In legal settings,
509:Shi, Ling (2011).
485:10.1257/jep.6.4.53
469:"Common Knowledge"
411:Journal of the ACM
231:generally exclude
194:is the capital of
660:Consensus reality
373:Stalnaker, Robert
270:Cultural practice
265:Cultural heritage
255:Consensus reality
229:rules of evidence
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88:August 2019
80:introducing
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387:References
347:Convention
123:literature
63:references
675:Consensus
640:144058223
632:0897-6546
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576:: 89–98.
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535:0034-527X
493:0895-3309
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145:Variation
119:community
115:knowledge
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239:See also
185:Examples
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316:Factoid
233:hearsay
203:ammonia
76:improve
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419:arXiv
223:Legal
192:Paris
628:ISSN
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