349:
vendors from multiple backgrounds. It is understood in a lease or contract that they will share space with these different vendors. With apartments, there are two different types of common areas a developer can have. One would be under contract and the other would be under lease. Apartments that rent by the unit (i.e. conventional housing) are signed for by one individual. That one individual legally decides the use of the common area should they ever gain a roommate in the future. If an apartment complex leases by the bedroom, there is a clause or paragraph detailing how the space is to be used equally between all lease holders. Lastly, there are state-owned and mandated common areas. Forts and bases, government run facilities, and even jails have common areas. There is no agreement in a lease stating how those areas should be used. There are different kinds of common areas and all of them have different rules and stipulations. They all have different legal proceedings should something happen in those areas.
311:, or otherwise change the common area, permission may have to be obtained from the director of residential life. Legally, there is nothing that a tenant can do if they do not approve of their common area furnishings, decorations, etc. unless it interferes directly with a disability. Anything pertaining to religion or beliefs are all covered under the Fair Housing Law. The only way to control common areas in this regard is if a serious threat was posed. State-run universities do have the authority to prohibit use of common areas should they see fit (whether that be decorating, furnishings, or physical use). For-profit housing can only limit these things to some extent. They cannot legally control every aspect of common area use because of the aforementioned Fair Housing Laws.
27:
49:
756:"We have no difficulty concluding that the officers' entry into the third-floor common area was legal; they carried a warrant for those premises, and they were accompanied by McWebb, who provided the key that they used to open the door giving access to the third-floor common area. If the officers had known, or should have known, that the third floor contained two apartments before they entered the living quarters on the third floor, and thus had been aware of the error in the warrant, they would have been obligated to limit their search to McWebb's apartment."
38:
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room". These areas are generally centrally located and for everyone's use within the businesses involved. There can be stipulations on conduct within the common areas as well as availability of the common areas. Businesses may also have common areas within themselves. Typically the businesses with common areas will have their own rules that cater to their business type, policy, and company vision.
790:
415 U.S. 164, 169, and 171 n. 7 (1974) ("The authority which justifies the third-party consent does not rest upon the law of property, with its attendant historical and legal refinements, . . . but rests rather on mutual use of the property by persons generally having joint access or control for most
319:
Common area also applies to organizations such as shopping malls and strip malls, in which multiple businesses operate. Oftentimes, business parks, malls, and other multi-company facilities will have a common area. This could be any one of the examples listed above or it could take form of a "break
348:
Depending upon the common area type (i.e. business, residential, state-owned) there are certain precautions one must take with utilizing them. Some require leases, some require contracts, and some only require a spoken pledge. For example, businesses may share common areas in a store that accepts
270:
the US Supreme Court held that "a warrantless entry is valid when based upon the consent of a third party whom the police, at the time of the entry, reasonably believe to possess common authority over the premises, but who in fact does not do so." Furthermore, the court held:
791:
purposes, so that it is reasonable to recognize that any of the co-inhabitants has the right to permit the inspection in his own right and that the others have assumed the risk that one of their number might permit the common area to be searched"), found at
418:
281:, 394 U.S. 731, 740 (1969) (holding that defendant who left a duffel bag at another's house and allowed joint use of the bag "assumed the risk that would allow someone else to look inside"). As the Court's
134:, the "area which is available for use by more than one person..." The common areas are those that are available for common use by all tenants, (or) groups of tenants and their invitees. In
275:
a person who permits others to have "joint access or control for most purposes ... assume the risk that might permit the common area to be searched." 415 U.S., at 171, n. 7; see also
388:
361:
is the percentage of the building's area shared by tenants or space that are dedicated to the common areas of a building used to calculate the difference between the net (usable) and
285:
analysis makes clear, third-party consent limits a person's ability to challenge the reasonableness of the search only because that person voluntarily has relinquished some of his
911:
868:
Arizona
Department of Revenue, Property Tax Division, Guideline, Residential Common Areas, March 31, 2000, citing Arizona Revised Statutes sections 42-13401 et seq., found at
368:
That portion of the space is considered "lost" because it cannot be directly leased and the maintenance and operation costs must be covered by the other rentable areas.
75:
872:
172:, all the tenants in common collectively own the common areas, meaning that any one individual owner does not possess more control over the land than any other owner.
307:
of colleges and universities, the common areas are those spaces in a dorm that are for the use of all the student residents. In order to paint murals, improve with
142:, it is "An area inside a housing development owned by all residents or by an overall management structure which charges each tenant for maintenance and upkeep."
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States vary in how they tax common areas, for real estate tax purposes. It may depend on whether it is a condo or a co-op. For example, the
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taxes "residential common areas" in housing developments with a flat tax, but common areas of condominiums and
735:
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413:{\displaystyle {\text{Loss factor }}={\frac {\text{(Rentable area – Usable area)}}{\text{Rentable area}}}}
308:
286:
839:
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971:
37:
1001:
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431:, ANSI/BOMA Z65.1-2010 for measuring floor area and calculating gross leasable area and loss factor.
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964:"Office Buildings: Standard Methods of Measurement and Calculating Rentable Area (2010)"
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Appalachian State
University, Dept. of Housing and Residence Life web site (Boone, NC)
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law, which is owned by one person, but which may be used by a group of persons.
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624:. laws.com retrieved from real-estate.laws.com Accessed 28 November 2012.
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by sharing access or control over his property with another person.
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47:
36:
25:
680:
Tracy, William, Understanding Common and
Useable Areas, found at
736:"It's up to the landlord to maintain a building's common areas"
912:"How is loss factor calculated?...and more questions answered"
58:
74:
deal primarily with the Global North and do not represent a
260:
found that police may enter a common area when executing a
23:
Place in a building designated for all its inhabitants' use
635:"Landlord Tenant Common Areas Law & Legal Definition"
83:
391:
412:
357:In commercial real estate in the US, a building's
715:Multi-housing Laundry Association (MLA) web site
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208:parking lots, spots, ramps, or other such areas,
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72:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
617:
615:
510:
508:
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344:Stipulations with various common area types
779:, 439 U.S. 128 (1978), dissent by Justice
382:The loss factor is calculated as follows:
859:. (Pdf document.) Accessed May 8, 2008.
698:United Housing Foundation, Inc. v. Forman
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
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489:Reserves for common-interest developments
400:
392:
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110:Learn how and when to remove this message
968:Building Owners and Managers Association
918:. Korangy Publishing Inc. Archived from
898:Building Owners and Managers Association
425:Building Owners and Managers Association
676:
674:
672:
500:
379:, but the formulas for each term vary.
682:Building Area Measurement LLC web site
843:, 497 U.S. 177, 194 (1990), found at
809:, 497 U.S. 177, 179 (1990), found at
701:, 421 U.S. 837, 856 (1975), found at
429:American National Standards Institute
7:
403:(Rentable area – Usable area)
324:Real estate taxation of common areas
762:, 480 U.S. 79, 87 (1987), found at
942:"Glossary of Square Footage Terms"
890:Real Estate Investment and Finance
879:. (pdf doc). Accessed May 8, 2008
783:, dissenting, footnote 11, citing
214:the roof of an apartment building,
195:Examples of common areas include:
168:In any situation where there is a
14:
211:washing machines or laundry room,
734:Spitz, H. May (15 August 2005).
427:has established a standard with
63:
944:. Building Area Measurement LLC
441:Common area maintenance charges
1:
829:415 U.S. 164, 171 n. 7 (1974)
43:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
145:Common areas often exist in
448:, also known as a "commons"
86:, discuss the issue on the
1018:
15:
870:Pinal County, AZ web site
595:"Pride of Texas web site"
516:"St. George.com glossary"
484:Loss factor (real estate)
340:are assessed separately.
825:United States v. Matlock
795:. Accessed May 8, 2008.
786:United States v. Matlock
766:. Accessed May 6, 2008.
705:. Accessed May 8, 2008.
220:washrooms in lobby area,
16:Not to be confused with
992:Real estate terminology
847:. Accessed May 8, 2008.
813:. Accessed May 8, 2008.
724:. Accessed May 8, 2008.
639:definitions.uslegal.com
375:is often confused with
138:and other parts of the
970:. 2010. Archived from
658:City of davis web site
414:
363:gross (billable) areas
296:
287:expectation of privacy
56:
45:
34:
840:Illinois v. Rodriguez
806:Illinois v. Rodriguez
684:Accessed May 8, 2008.
415:
267:Illinois v. Rodriguez
51:
40:
29:
916:The Real Deal online
764:Findlaw.com web site
759:Maryland v. Garrison
541:"Fx Realty web site"
389:
253:Maryland v. Garrison
175:This differs from a
92:create a new article
84:improve this article
738:. Los Angeles Times
41:Common area at the
30:A common area in a
922:on 7 December 2011
875:2009-01-06 at the
720:2008-03-31 at the
663:2011-07-25 at the
581:2008-07-24 at the
464:Common Travel Area
410:
283:assumption-of-risk
238:recreational areas
235:fitness facilities
57:
46:
35:
997:Real property law
777:Rakas v. Illinois
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407:
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394:Loss factor
170:tenancy in common
151:gated communities
132:real property law
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94:, as appropriate.
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599:the original
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545:the original
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520:the original
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422:
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372:
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338:golf courses
327:
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276:
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265:
264:. Also, in
251:
249:
229:living rooms
226:store rooms.
194:
176:
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159:cooperatives
155:condominiums
144:
123:
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1002:Condominium
845:Findlaw.com
811:Findlaw.com
793:Findlaw.com
781:Byron White
742:16 December
703:Findlaw.com
622:Common Area
469:Condominium
446:Common land
377:load factor
373:loss factor
359:loss factor
353:Loss factor
181:common land
128:real estate
124:common area
986:Categories
926:5 December
644:2009-03-12
605:2008-05-06
551:2008-05-06
526:2008-05-06
495:References
452:Common law
241:club house
217:elevators,
205:stairways,
202:corridors,
147:apartments
54:makerspace
18:Common Era
775:See also
479:Kehrwoche
474:Curtilage
100:July 2023
88:talk page
873:Archived
718:Archived
661:Archived
579:Archived
435:See also
309:fixtures
292:—
246:Case law
232:kitchens
199:lobbies,
191:Examples
82:You may
576:kwcondo
334:Arizona
185:English
177:commons
126:is, in
32:library
948:13 May
256:, the
161:, and
330:state
136:Texas
90:, or
950:2013
928:2011
744:2017
423:The
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332:of
303:In
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