45:
31:
113:
244:
71:
532:. These lemurs show linear hierarchy, adult female dominance, and the presence of conciliatory behavior after aggressions. Additionally, stress levels (measured via self-directed behaviors) decrease at the increase of the hierarchical position of individuals within the social group and reconciliation is able to bring stress down to the baseline levels.
418:
dense fur of the body is primarily brown or gray-brown, with a lighter gray or tan underside. The fur on the back of their hands is often a medium orange or reddish color, and their long, bushy tail may either be similar in color to the dorsal pelage or, more commonly, a darker shade of gray, black, or brown.
544:
of about 120 days, the young are born in
September and October. Single births are most common, but twins have been reported. The young are weaned after about 4 to 5 months. Sexual maturity occurs at about 18 months, and females give birth to their first young at 2 years old. Life span can be as long
417:
in that they exhibit little-to-no sexual dichromatism: in both males and females, the face, muzzle and crown are dark gray or black, with white or tan "cheeks" of varying thickness. Some individuals may have pale-colored eyebrow patches, and the eyes are almost always a deep orange-red. The short,
412:
The common brown lemur has a total length of 84 to 101 cm (33 to 40 in), including 41 to 51 cm (16 to 20 in) of tail. Weight ranges from 2 to 3 kg (4.4 to 6.6 lb). Common brown lemurs are unique amongst
955:
Alison Jolly; Naoki Koyama; Hantanirina
Rasamimanana; Helen Crowley; George Williams (2006). "Berenty Reserve: a research site in southern Madagascar". In A. Jolly; R. W. Sussman; N. Koyama; H. Rasamimanana (eds.).
517:, and the two species sometimes travel together. In the areas of overlap, the two species also adapt their activity patterns to avoid conflict. For example, the mongoose lemur can become primarily
421:
Due to the species' history of containing all fellow brown lemurs as subspecies, they are very commonly misidentified in images and texts, and often confused with other species (such as
1827:
1629:
503:
in the west, but more than 20 hectares in the east. Groups include members of both sexes, including juveniles, and there are no discernible dominance hierarchies.
1694:
607:, as well as in inland Madagascar connecting the eastern and western ranges. They also live on the island of Mayotte, although this population has been
1812:
1784:
1603:
1069:
Gomes, Ana Paula N.; Amin, Omar M.; Olifiers, Natalie; Bianchi, Rita de Cassia; Souza, Joyce G. R.; Barbosa, Helene S.; Maldonado, Arnaldo (2019).
1642:
1144:
905:
828:
558:
The common brown lemur's diet consists primarily of fruits, young leaves, and flowers. In some locations it eats invertebrates, such as
1822:
965:
939:
876:
766:
716:
44:
233:
499:
They normally live in groups of 5 to 12, but group size can be larger, especially on
Mayotte. Groups occupy home ranges of 1 to 9
1668:
1686:
1647:
1432:
1373:
1681:
1564:
1423:
1414:
1137:
706:
1699:
496:. They spend about 95% of their time in upper layers of the forest and less than 2% of their time on the ground.
465:
346:
112:
1441:
30:
1260:
480:
Consistent with its large range, the common brown lemur occupies a variety of forest types, including lowland
382:
373:
1491:
1130:
1556:
1720:
1569:
1341:
217:
460:
in northeast
Madagascar in the Galoko, Manongarivo and Tsaratanana Massifs. There is also overlap and
1817:
1590:
1538:
1459:
1296:
583:
364:
1529:
1450:
820:
657:
60:
1269:
1051:
1018:"Scratching around stress: hierarchy and reconciliation make the difference in wild brown lemurs
998:
672:
608:
272:
107:
75:
1725:
931:
925:
1634:
868:
338:
Five additional currently recognized species of lemur were until 2001 considered subspecies of
1577:
1332:
1305:
1278:
1210:
1201:
1108:
1043:
961:
935:
901:
872:
824:
762:
722:
712:
510:
activity and continue into the night, especially during full moons and during the dry season.
441:
426:
422:
355:
1748:
1382:
1098:
1090:
1033:
990:
812:
652:
493:
489:
461:
1707:
1660:
1475:
893:
596:
243:
813:
574:). It can tolerate greater levels of toxic compounds from plants than other lemurs can.
1543:
1314:
1103:
1070:
861:
578:
514:
433:
1806:
1655:
1323:
1190:
1122:
702:
643:
634:
600:
174:
80:
1055:
1002:
577:
The common brown lemur from a
Brazilian zoo was found to be a host of an intestinal
1582:
1397:
1356:
1079:(Carnivora: Procyonidae) from Brazil, with Notes on the Genus and a Key to Species"
698:
1775:
1038:
1017:
1738:
1673:
1616:
1523:
1242:
604:
457:
1094:
892:
Lisa Gould; Michelle
Sauther (2007). "Lemuriformes". In Christina J. Campbell;
1225:
994:
981:
Norscia, I.; Palagi, E. (2010). "Do wild brown lemurs reconcile? Not always".
513:
In the western part of its range, the common brown lemur overlaps that of the
507:
481:
323:
194:
1514:
1075:
Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) in the Brown-Nosed Coati
448:) in the east. They can be distinguished from these species by the fact that
1287:
1154:
726:
567:
541:
518:
319:
184:
124:
1112:
1047:
927:
Primate
Ecology and Social Structure Volume 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers
1769:
1712:
1508:
1172:
571:
144:
711:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115.
1789:
1608:
1184:
500:
485:
327:
164:
1621:
1551:
1178:
1166:
563:
559:
154:
134:
1485:
896:; Katherine C. MacKinnon; Melissa Panger; Simon K. Bearder (eds.).
1733:
587:. It is unknown if the worm originates from Brazil or Madagascar.
524:
At
Berenty (south Madagascar) there is a population of introduced
315:
97:
91:
708:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
595:
The common brown lemur lives in western
Madagascar north of the
540:
The common brown lemur's mating season is May and June. After a
1595:
1489:
1126:
628:
626:
624:
472:, in the northeast portion of the common brown lemur's range.
506:
They are primarily active during the day, but can exhibit
456:
is more reddish. There is also some overlap with the
432:
Similar lemur species within their range include the
1759:
1498:
1395:
1354:
1223:
1199:
958:
Ringtailed Lemur Biology: Lemur catta in Madagascar
860:
570:. It also eats bark, sap, soil and red clay (see
521:during the dry season in the areas of overlap.
400:should continue to be considered subspecies of
658:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8207A115562499.en
1138:
392:However, a number of zoologists believe that
8:
1828:Taxa named by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
429:) or with various other unrelated hybrids.
1486:
1145:
1131:
1123:
863:The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates
242:
69:
43:
29:
20:
1102:
1037:
919:
917:
757:Russell Mittermeier; et al. (2006).
656:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
620:
806:
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802:
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854:
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848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
7:
644:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
599:and eastern Madagascar between the
14:
1813:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1016:Palagi, E.; Norscia, I. (2010).
111:
1433:Southern lesser bamboo lemur (
1374:Black-and-white ruffed lemur (
54:both in Peyrieras, Madagascar
1:
1424:Western lesser bamboo lemur (
1415:Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (
1039:10.3109/10253890.2010.505272
673:"Checklist of CITES Species"
633:Irwin, M.; King, T. (2020).
452:is more of a grey color and
326:and has been introduced to
1844:
1442:Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (
1095:10.2478/s11686-019-00080-6
924:Robert W. Sussman (1999).
1823:Mammals described in 1796
1472:
1161:
1153:Extant species of family
995:10.1007/s10164-010-0228-y
466:white-fronted brown lemur
347:White-fronted brown lemur
278:
271:
250:
241:
223:
216:
108:Scientific classification
106:
89:
67:
58:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
705:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1342:Blue-eyed black lemur (
1261:Sanford's brown lemur (
898:Primates in Perspective
374:Red-fronted brown lemur
1460:Greater bamboo lemur (
1297:Collared brown lemur (
440:) in the west and the
1721:Paleobiology Database
1451:Golden bamboo lemur (
815:Mammals of Madagascar
811:Nick Garbutt (2007).
651:: e.T8207A115562499.
383:Sanford's brown lemur
1270:White-headed lemur (
1252:Common brown lemur (
759:Lemurs of Madagascar
584:Pachysentis dollfusi
408:Physical description
365:Collared brown lemur
286:van der Hoeven, 1844
52:Female with juvenile
1333:Red-bellied lemur (
1306:Gray-headed lemur (
1279:Red-fronted lemur (
1211:Ring-tailed lemur (
1083:Acta Parasitologica
983:Journal of Ethology
488:rainforests, moist
61:Conservation status
24:Common brown lemur
1383:Red ruffed lemur (
1071:"A New Species of
960:. pp. 32–42.
859:Noel Rowe (1996).
427:gray-headed lemurs
423:red-fronted lemurs
314:) is a species of
306:common brown lemur
1800:
1799:
1492:Taxon identifiers
1483:
1482:
1408:
1367:
1236:
907:978-0-19-517133-4
830:978-0-300-12550-4
494:deciduous forests
490:evergreen forests
442:red-bellied lemur
356:Gray-headed lemur
322:. It is found in
302:
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287:
101:
84:
1835:
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1487:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1315:Mongoose lemur (
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1133:
1124:
1117:
1116:
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773:
772:
761:(2nd ed.).
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689:
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542:gestation period
293:
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259:
251:Distribution of
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229:
116:
115:
95:
78:
73:
72:
47:
33:
21:
16:Species of lemur
1843:
1842:
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1708:Observation.org
1706:
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1513:
1512:
1507:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1468:
1435:H. meridionalis
1426:H. occidentalis
1405:(Bamboo lemurs)
1404:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1364:(Ruffed lemurs)
1363:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1324:Crowned lemur (
1232:
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1229:
1219:
1195:
1157:
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1120:
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894:Agustin Fuentes
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597:Betsiboka River
593:
581:parasitic worm,
579:acanthocephalan
556:
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526:E. fulvus rufus
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1613:
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1557:eulemur-fulvus
1548:
1544:Eulemur_fulvus
1535:
1530:Eulemur fulvus
1520:
1504:
1502:
1500:Eulemur fulvus
1496:
1495:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1473:
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1469:
1467:
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1457:
1448:
1444:H. alaotrensis
1439:
1430:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1352:
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1349:
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1339:
1335:E. rubriventer
1330:
1321:
1312:
1308:E. cinereiceps
1303:
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1149:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1089:(3): 587–595.
1061:
1020:Eulemur fulvus
1008:
973:
966:
947:
940:
913:
906:
900:. p. 53.
884:
877:
836:
829:
774:
767:
732:
717:
690:
664:
637:Eulemur fulvus
619:
618:
616:
613:
611:there by man.
592:
589:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:as 30+ years.
537:
534:
515:mongoose lemur
477:
474:
454:E. rubriventer
446:E. rubriventer
434:mongoose lemur
409:
406:
390:
389:
380:
371:
362:
360:E. cinereiceps
353:
335:
332:
318:in the family
311:Eulemur fulvus
300:
299:
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296:
294:Schlegel, 1866
288:
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269:
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227:Eulemur fulvus
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209:E. fulvus
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1347:
1345:
1344:E. flavifrons
1340:
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1275:
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1259:
1257:
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1250:
1248:
1246:
1243:Black lemur (
1241:
1240:
1238:
1233:(True lemurs)
1228:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1191:Strepsirrhini
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741:
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733:
728:
724:
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718:0-801-88221-4
714:
710:
709:
704:
703:Wilson, D. E.
700:
699:Groves, C. P.
694:
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678:
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601:Mangoro River
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462:hybridization
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342:. These are:
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317:
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267:= introduced
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218:Binomial name
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175:Strepsirrhini
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36:
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1761:Lemur fulvus
1760:
1499:
1474:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1396:
1384:
1376:V. variegata
1375:
1355:
1343:
1334:
1326:E. coronatus
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1281:E. rufifrons
1280:
1272:E. albifrons
1271:
1262:
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1224:
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1200:
1086:
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926:
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681:. Retrieved
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648:
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636:
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591:Distribution
582:
576:
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539:
536:Reproduction
529:
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523:
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479:
470:E. albifrons
469:
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431:
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411:
401:
397:
394:E. albifrons
393:
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351:E. albifrons
350:
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337:
310:
309:
305:
303:
290:
282:
262:
256:
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226:
224:
208:
207:
195:
18:
1818:True lemurs
1617:iNaturalist
1524:Wikispecies
1299:E. collaris
1288:Red lemur (
1263:E. sanfordi
1077:Nasua nasua
1073:Pachysentis
1032:(1): 93–7.
989:: 181–185.
930:. pp.
819:. pp.
679:. UNEP-WCMC
605:Tsaratanana
482:rainforests
458:black lemur
387:E. sanfordi
369:E. collaris
291:mayottensis
234:É. Geoffroy
1807:Categories
1417:H. griseus
1189:Suborder:
867:. p.
615:References
609:introduced
568:millipedes
508:cathemeral
324:Madagascar
261:= native,
171:Suborder:
94:Appendix I
76:Vulnerable
1776:Q41165599
1453:H. aureus
1398:Hapalemur
1317:E. mongoz
1254:E. fulvus
1245:E. macaco
1165:Kingdom:
1155:Lemuridae
519:nocturnal
464:with the
450:E. mongoz
438:E. mongoz
402:E. fulvus
340:E. fulvus
320:Lemuridae
253:E. fulvus
203:Species:
185:Lemuridae
131:Kingdom:
125:Eukaryota
1770:Wikidata
1734:Species+
1687:12100040
1635:10221571
1509:Wikidata
1476:Category
1462:H. simus
1385:V. rubra
1290:E. rufus
1213:L. catta
1185:Primates
1179:Mammalia
1173:Chordata
1171:Phylum:
1167:Animalia
1113:31286360
1056:21758712
1048:20666657
1003:45324039
727:62265494
701:(2005).
683:18 March
572:geophagy
530:collaris
501:hectares
492:and dry
476:Behavior
398:E. rufus
378:E. rufus
334:Taxonomy
273:Synonyms
181:Family:
165:Primates
155:Mammalia
145:Chordata
141:Phylum:
135:Animalia
121:Domain:
81:IUCN 3.1
1790:8417685
1674:1000996
1609:2436419
1515:Q790691
1357:Varecia
1226:Eulemur
1183:Order:
1177:Class:
1104:6814649
932:186–187
564:spiders
560:cicadas
549:Ecology
486:montane
415:Eulemur
328:Mayotte
283:bruneus
196:Eulemur
191:Genus:
161:Order:
151:Class:
96: (
79: (
1749:108871
1746:uBio:
1726:239189
1648:572864
1596:326525
1552:ARKive
1111:
1101:
1054:
1046:
1026:Stress
1001:
964:
938:
904:
875:
827:
823:–156.
765:
725:
715:
236:, 1796
1713:83411
1700:13515
1630:IRMNG
1622:43613
1583:6H9MK
1570:16318
1202:Lemur
1052:S2CID
999:S2CID
677:CITES
316:lemur
264:green
98:CITES
92:CITES
38:Male
1785:GBIF
1739:5490
1695:NCBI
1661:8207
1656:IUCN
1643:ITIS
1604:GBIF
1565:BOLD
1109:PMID
1044:PMID
962:ISBN
936:ISBN
902:ISBN
873:ISBN
825:ISBN
763:ISBN
723:OCLC
713:ISBN
685:2015
649:2020
603:and
566:and
554:Diet
425:and
396:and
304:The
1682:MSW
1669:MDD
1591:EoL
1578:CoL
1539:ADW
1099:PMC
1091:doi
1034:doi
991:doi
821:155
653:doi
258:red
1809::
1787::
1772::
1736::
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1107:.
1097:.
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1085:.
1081:.
1050:.
1042:.
1030:14
1028:.
1024:.
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987:29
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934:.
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871:.
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