583:. The researchers also aimed to determine the types and amounts of endemic invertebrates consumed by E. coqui, shedding light on the potential ecological consequences of their invasion. The experimental design involved the collection and analysis of 696 E. coqui individuals from 11 different sites in Hawaii. The specimens were categorized based on sex and life stage, and their stomach contents were examined to identify and quantify the invertebrates they consumed. Several methods were employed to collect invertebrates from different microhabitats, including flying insects captured using UV light traps, foliage invertebrates collected from understory plants, and extracted litter invertebrates. Statistical analyses, such as ANOVAs and PCAs, were utilized to assess factors like microhabitat use, prey diversity, and prey selection across sites and classes. Subadults and adults showed different microhabitat preferences, with subadults often found on leaves and adults distributed more evenly on trunks and leaves.
771:(January-February) and increased activity during the transition to the wet season (March-April) and the peak during the wet season (May-July). Both precipitation and temperature were positively correlated with reproductive activity. In terms of male reproduction, there was variability in mating success among males, but the relative variance in male mating success was relatively low compared to other anuran breeding aggregations. The practice of male parental care contributed to this low variance, as males caring for eggs typically reduced their calling activity. The study did not find evidence supporting a large male advantage or size-assortative mating. Instead, male mating success was correlated with calling effort, emphasizing the importance of active participation in
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treatments on ornamental plants to kill coquí eggs, subadults, and adults. This can reduce the potential spread of the species through the trade of plants. Physical control methods, such as hand-capture, can be effective for small populations of common coquí frogs. Chemical control methods, such as the use of caffeine and water solutions, are also being tested for their efficacy in controlling the species on a larger scale. Citric acid has also been suggested as a potential control method, although its efficacy has not been demonstrated. An evolving variety of management practices are being explored and implemented in order to control and reduce the population of common coquí frogs in invaded areas.
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species of neotropical frogs, the common coquí and the cave coquí (Eleutherodactylus cooki). The researchers found that jumping performance declined with an increase in water loss and a longer duration of exposure to dehydrating conditions. The common coquí, which occupies a wider range of habitats, including dry forests, had a slightly higher rate of water loss and lower cutaneous resistance than the cave coquí. However, these differences were not significant enough to explain the different geographic distributions of the two species. The study suggests that behavioral adaptations, rather than physiological differences, may play a role in the common coquí's ability to survive in drier habitats.
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success. The research utilized mark-recapture methods and sound pressure level measurements to estimate population sizes and investigate the acoustic presence of E. coqui. Population study plots were established in east Hawaii at Pu'ainako and Lava Tree State
Monument (LTSM), and long-term study plots were maintained in Puerto Rico. Census surveys were conducted over multiple seasons, and adult frogs were marked and recaptured to estimate population sizes. Invertebrate predators were also counted during frog censuses. Sound pressure level readings were recorded at various sites in east Hawaii to assess the intensity of frog chorusing.
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research involved two surveys: one to quantify potential habitat range and another to quantify habitat use. The researchers found that coquis used most available habitats, but adults and juveniles showed different preferences regarding plant species, habitat structural components, and heights from the forest floor. The quantitative analysis revealed that adult and juvenile coquis exhibited opposite associations with important plant species in the forest, such as
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Data was collected over two years, covering various seasons to observe potential seasonality in reproductive activities. The research aimed to understand the influences of environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall on the reproductive behaviors of E. coqui. It sought to explore the relationships between male body size, calling behavior, and mating success, as well as investigate the factors influencing female reproductive success, including
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490:. As an invasive species, it can reach up to 91,000 individuals/ha, almost 5 times its maximum density in its native Puerto Rico. Higher densities in its invaded range are likely bolstered by a release from native predators, lack of interspecific competitors, and abundant food availability. In Hawaii, they have been found at a maximum of 1,170 m (3,840 ft) above sea level. They were previously introduced in the
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been commonly through the nursery trade, and as a result many people are reluctant to buy plants from nurseries that might be infected. Those began to perform quarantines and de-infestations in order to improve their prospects. Coquis also affect real estate values in residential neighborhoods, as many refrain from buying houses where their sleep would be disturbed by the up to 73 dB call of the common coquí.
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434:, where the species is rarer. The common coquí is the most abundant frog in Puerto Rico, with densities estimated at 20,000 individuals/ha. Densities fluctuate depending on the season and habitat. Generally, densities are higher during the latter half of the wet season and decrease during the dry season. The species is considered a habitat generalist, occurring in a wide range of habitats, including
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predator-prey interactions. The researchers hypothesized that the pattern polymorphism observed in Coqui frogs is a result of selective pressures from visual predators, primarily birds, which develop search tactics and perceive the color patterns of their amphibian prey. The paper also discussed the potential factors influencing pattern polymorphisms, including
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transforming the ecological dynamics in Hawaii, capitalizing on the absence of native or exotic predators and abundant retreat sites, leading to unusually high population densities compared to its native habitat in Puerto Rico. The invasion is not only altering the sonic environment but also influencing the arthropod predatory regime in
Hawaiian forests.
445:, tree holes, and under trunks, rocks or trash. Since the species does not require bodies of water to reproduce, they can be found on most altitudes, provided sufficient moisture is available. In Puerto Rico, they are found from sea level to a maximum of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). Adults generally tend to be found at higher altitudes than juveniles.
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growth, and leaf-litter decomposition. In the small-scale experiment, enclosures were used to examine the influence of E. coqui on invertebrates, herbivory, and plant growth. Meanwhile, the large-scale experiment utilized removal plots to evaluate the broader impact of E. coqui on ecosystem processes in a natural forest setting.
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preferred heights closer to the forest floor. The researchers used goodness-of-fit G-statistics to assess whether coquis exhibited a random distribution with respect to plant species, habitat structural components, and height. The results indicated nonrandom spatial distributions, suggesting that coquis had specific preferences.
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These consistent trends across both small and large scales emphasize the potential scale-dependent nature of species effects on ecosystem dynamics. The frog displayed ecological significance as a vertebrate predator in influencing invertebrate communities and nutrient cycling within the tropical forest ecosystem.
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humidity is higher. The younger coqui populations live in the understory on leaves during the drier periods. The leaves are particularly common with this population because they provide protection from invaders. As they grow into adulthood, the coquis journey up to the canopy and begin the process stated above.
224:. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night, which serves two purposes; the "co" serves to repel other males and establish territory while the "quí" serves to attract females. The auditory systems of males and females respond preferentially to different notes of the male call, displaying
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were consuming E. coqui. Contrary to expectations, the research found that rats, known to be nocturnal and arboreal, did not consume the invasive frog. Instead, rats predominantly consumed plant material, indicating that E. coqui is unlikely to significantly impact rat populations. However, the study
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in
Spanish) is used both as a way of attracting a mate and to establish a territorial boundary. A coqui may enter another's territory and challenge the incumbent by starting his call, at which point they may engage in a sort of singing duel (which can last for several minutes). The first to falter in
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The study pointed to the apparent lack of effective frog predators in Hawaii, possibly contributing to the high population densities. SPL readings indicated that many sites in east Hawaii had intense frog chorusing, suggesting the potential for further expansion. The findings suggest that E. coqui is
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Common coqui are nocturnal and their behavior is influenced by the surrounding environment, specifically the moisture levels. When humidity levels rise at night they emerge and begin climbing to their homes in the canopy. As these humidity levels decrease they move back down to lower levels where the
332:. These species are all native to Puerto Rico and are distinguished from each other by their physical characteristics and vocalizations (Joglar and López, 1997). This taxonomic classification reflects the evolutionary relationships between the common coquí and other species within the animal kingdom.
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Adults had a negative association with leaves but a positive association with leaf litter, while juveniles showed the opposite trend. There were also differences in the distribution with respect to height, with adults being more evenly distributed and preferring heights around 1.1 m, while juveniles
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A comparative behavioral study between frog species identified possible explanation for jump and hydration level correlations. The paper, "Water loss, cutaneous resistance, and effects of dehydration on locomotion of
Eleutherodactylus frogs," examines the effects of water loss and dehydration on two
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Findings revealed that the presence of E. coqui led to a 28% reduction in aerial invertebrates, with significant declines in herbivory rates by approximately 80%. In addition, there was evidence of increased foliage production and enhanced leaf-litter decomposition rates in the presence of E. coqui.
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Field experiments by the
Luquillo Experimental Division of the Caribbean National investigated the reproductive phenology, ecology, and patterns of male and female reproductive success in Eleutherodactylus coqui. The researchers focused on a second-growth rainforest near the El Verde Field Station.
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forms. Both males and females fight off intruders from their nests by jumping, chasing and sometimes biting. The males are the primary caretakers of the eggs. They offer protection and moist environments through skin contact. They will leave during very dry periods in order to collect more moisture
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Common coquís in areas where their density exceeds 51,000/ha could consume over 300,000 invertebrates per night. Because of their large populations, Hawaii worries about both economic and ecological impacts. The common coquí currently costs this state nearly 3 million dollars a year. Its spread has
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The study revealed that E. coqui populations in Hawaii, particularly at LTSM, exhibited significantly higher population densities than native populations in Puerto Rico. The Pu'ainako site, recently colonized by E. coqui, showed a growing population with low juvenile counts initially, suggesting a
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A study conducted by Karen H. Beard aimed to perform a quantitative analysis of adult and juvenile
Eleutherodactylus coqui habitat preferences in Puerto Rico. The study focused on the Luquillo Experimental Forest, a subtropical wet forest where the coqui is the most abundant nocturnal species. The
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One study aimed to investigate the population densities of
Eleutherodactylus coqui in newly invaded areas of Hawaii compared to its native habitat in Puerto Rico to understand the rapid expansion and high population densities of E. coqui in Hawaii, exploring potential factors contributing to its
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Experiments investigated the diet and foraging behavior of the invasive
Eleutherodactylus coqui species in Hawaii, and their potential impact on the local invertebrate communities. The study explored the prey preferences of different life stages (subadults, adult males, and adult females) across
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A study by
Lawrence and Stewart aimed to explore the spatial and temporal variation in color pattern morphology in the Coqui frog population in northeastern Puerto Rico. The researchers recorded pattern morphs for 9,950 frogs captured at nine locations over a 25-year period. The data revealed 21
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The known lifespan of the common coquí is up to 6 years in the wild, but the majority of adults do not live past one year. The species is generally believed to have a relatively short lifespan, with most individuals living for less than a year. In a study of the population dynamics of the common
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Invasive management practices against the common coquí frog aim to control and reduce the population of this species in areas where it has been introduced, such as Hawaii. Preventative measures include banning the intentional transport of frogs, as well as the implementation of hot-water shower
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Experiments conducted in the Bisley
Watersheds of Puerto Rico explored the ecological impact of Eleutherodactylus coqui on various components of the local ecosystem. The research involved small-scale and large-scale experiments to assess the effects on invertebrate populations, herbivory, plant
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as a larva in water. Thus, a fully independent froglet emerges from the egg, with a small tail that is lost shortly after. This stage of direct development has allowed the coqui to become a successful terrestrial colonizer in tropical areas. Eggs hatch within eight weeks and reach reproductive
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to vent, from 30 to 37 mm (1.2 to 1.5 in), with an average of 34 mm (1.3 in), while full-grown females measure from 36 to 52 mm (1.4 to 2.0 in), with an average of 41 mm (1.6 in). The location of the frog also affects the size, for example the higher the
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The coquí is preyed upon by various vertebrate and invertebrate predators. The study explored the evolutionary adaptations in color and pattern variations that reduce the risk of predation. The concept of camouflage, cryptic coloration, and disruptive patterns were discussed in the context of
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and reportedly poor climbers, opportunistically consumed E. coqui, suggesting a potential role in controlling the invasive frog population. Approximately 6.6-19.2% of mongoose prey items by weight consisted of E. coqui. The cane toad, on the other hand, did not consume E. coqui in the study.
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of coquís is from 17 to 26 days. The maturation period, the time from egg to reproductive coquí, is around eight months. Unlike most frogs, which lay their eggs in water, coquís lay their eggs on palm tree leaves or other terrestrial plants. Abandoned bird nests are also used as nests by
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in the Hawaiian Islands, where it was accidentally introduced in the late 1980s, most likely as a stowaway on potted plants, and quickly established itself on all four major islands. It is now considered a pest species by the State of Hawaii, and is on a list of 100 of the world's worst
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keeping up with the cadence is considered the loser and leaves the area without resorting to physical violence. This behavior is consistent across different species (which have distinctive calls), so it is possible to hear a duel where one coqui sings "COQUI" and another "COQUIRIQUI".
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coquí, researchers found that the species has a high mortality rate, with only a small proportion of individuals surviving to reach adulthood. This high mortality is likely due to a variety of factors, including predation, disease, and competition for resources.
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In Hawaiian forests, researchers investigated the invasive population to understand their potential predators and their impact on the ecosystem. Research conducted in Lava Tree State Park aimed to investigate whether introduced predators such as rats, the small
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The results revealed that E. coqui exhibited prolonged breeding behavior, engaging in reproductive activities every month throughout the study. However, there was distinct seasonality, with reduced calling and clutch deposition during the
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are found in natural habitats including the human mountain forest at elevations less than 1,200 meters and in the dry forest. They are found specifically within the under story of forests at all elevations up to the canopy.
546:. The frogs are opportunistic sit-and-wait predators, and will forage on any abundant prey. Males will occasionally consume eggs from their own clutch, likely to provide supplemental nourishment while guarding their nests.
320:, of which the common coquí is a member, is the largest genus of frogs in the world, with over 700 known species. The common coquí is closely related to other members of the Eleutherodactylidae family, including the
590:, were overrepresented in the stomach contents compared to environmental samples, suggesting prey preference. Lastly, the study concluded on potential vulnerabilities of endemic invertebrates to E. coqui predation.
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For females, clutch size was strongly related to body size and exhibited seasonal variation. Male parental care and nest site quality significantly impacted hatching success. The results suggested that
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rapid establishment of reproductive populations within one to two years. The sex ratio was male-biased, and the population density in Hawaii was estimated to be three times higher than in Puerto Rico.
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and local habitat matching. The authors suggested that these factors, along with the likely heritability of pattern morphs, contribute to the maintenance of multiple patterns in the Coqui population.
1986:
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The diet compositions varied among life stages, with subadults consuming more prey and exhibiting greater prey diversity than adults. Certain invertebrate groups, including ants and
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distinct pattern morphs, including stripes, bars, and spots. Significant differences in morph frequencies were observed among locations, with longitudinal stripes more common in
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232:, and it has become an unofficial territorial symbol of Puerto Rico. The frog is also found elsewhere, and is usually considered an invasive species outside Puerto Rico.
1687:
Walsh, Joseph S. (September 1992). "Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History.Albert Schwartz , Robert W. Henderson".
2072:
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Calling males eat less prey than quiet males, which consume most of their food by midnight, while calling males had eaten only 18% of their food by the same hour.
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665:. Females usually lay between 16 and 40 eggs, four to six times each year, at about eight-week intervals. Eggs are guarded from predators—other common coquís and
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is influenced by major habitat disturbances. The researchers suggested that the polymorphism is maintained, at least in part, by local habitat matching driven by
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elevation, the larger the coquis become. The size differences between sexes are a result of additional energy consumption related to breeding behavior by males.
2147:
2198:
1504:"The Effects of the Frog Eleutherodactylus coqui on Invertebrates and Ecosystem Processes at Two Scales in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico"
518:, which can consume, as a population, 114,000 invertebrates each night per hectare. Diets vary depending on age and size, but are primarily composed of
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1725:
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783:, particularly in selecting mates based on their parental care quality and nest site, could significantly impact female reproductive success.
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1658:"Population Densities of the Coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Newly Invaded Hawaii and in Native Puerto Rico"
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2218:
389:, and spot and bar morphs more common in forests. The analysis also showed temporal shifts in morph frequencies immediately following
225:
256:
1567:
1132:
1040:
360:, Coquís possess sticky pads on the tips of their toes which help them adhere to moistened or slippery surfaces They do not possess
1883:
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Lawrence, Woolbright L.; Hara, Arnold H.; Jacobsen, Christopher M.; Mautz, William J.; Benevides Jr., Francis L. (March 2006).
328:
316:, was first described by Spanish naturalist José Félix de Arroyo de la Cuesta, in 1875 (Arroyo de la Cuesta, 1875). The genus
1981:
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185:
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1994:
296:. This family is also known as the "robber" or "thief" frogs. This genus contains 185 species, which are found in the
1946:
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2152:
1502:
Beard, Karen H.; Eschtruth, Anne K.; Vogt, Kristiina A.; Vogt, Daniel J.; Scatena, Frederick N. (November 2003).
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share nests with the coquí. This method of reproduction allows the coquí to live in forests, mountains and other
438:
322:
1165:
1627:"Quantitative Assessment of Habitat Preferences for the Puerto Rican Terrestrial Frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui"
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maturity within one year. The common coqui releases their young from the egg using an egg tooth that the genus
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1315:
312:. It is part of the order Anura, which includes all frogs and toads. The scientific name of the common coquí,
1584:
1390:
1908:
1866:
1089:"Spatial and Temporal Variation in Color Pattern Morphology in the Tropical Frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui"
956:
Narins, Peter M.; Robert R. Capranica (1976). "Sexual Differences in the Auditory System of the Tree Frog
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The common coquís are often found in cohabitation with humans. Because of their unrestricted habitat use,
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297:
229:
1999:
1722:
1316:"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database"
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1585:"Water loss, cutaneous resistance, and effects of dehydration on locomotion of Eleutherodactylus frogs"
2020:
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2007:
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Woolbright, Lawrence L.; Stewart, Margaret M. (1987). "Foraging Success of the Tropical Frog,
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Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History
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1273:"Neotropical Frogs in Hawaii: Status and Management Options for an Unusual Introduced Pest"
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1282:. Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for USDA national Wildlife Research Center.
805:
301:
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1592:
Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
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1791:"Potential Predators of an Invasive Frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) in Hawaiian Forests"
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Common coquís reproduce over the entire year, but breeding activity peaks around the
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without direct dependency on water. Since eggs are laid on land, coquís bypass the
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stage, proceeding to develop limbs within their eggs, rather than going through a
255:
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1968:
1940:
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430:, where they are widespread and abundant; the only notable exception occurs in
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Karen H. Beard; Robert Al-Chokhachy; Nathania C. Tuttle; Eric O'Neill (2008).
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1545:(2). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH): 281–291.
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Boudjelas, Souyad; Browne, Michael; De Poorter, Maj; Lowe, Sarah (2000).
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1824:"Ha'ikū Residents Bring Back Quiet Nights Through Coqui Control Program"
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1973:
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1744:"Reproductive Ecology of the Puerto Rican Frog Eleutherodactylus coqui"
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Jarrod H. Fogarty; Francisco J. Vilella (2002). "Population dynamic of
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Beard, Karen H.; McCullough, Sarah; Eschtruth, Anne K. (March 2003).
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Kraus, Fred; Campbell, Earl W.; Allison, Allen; Pratt, Thane (1999).
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Rogowitz, G. L.; Cortés-Rivera, M.; Nieves-Puigdoller, K. (1999).
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1535:"Diet of the Invasive Frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, in Hawaii"
1754:(1). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles: 34–40.
1668:(1). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles: 122–126
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The common coquí was described as a species new to science by
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Lawrence, Woolbright L.; Stewart, Margaret M. (4 June 2008).
1637:(1). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles: 10–17
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coloration on the top with rust-tan flanks and a light-gray
237:
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10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0193:PDOECI]2.0.CO;2
1416:(Puerto Rican Coqui, Coquí Común) in Dominican Republic".
1742:
Townsend, Daniel S.; Stewart, Margaret M. (March 1994).
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Common coquís are native to the islands of Puerto Rico,
526:, while adults consume more varied diets that include
1915:
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1898:Children Story About Coqui; El Coqui De Madagascar
1338:"Population density estimates and growth rates of
502:, but these populations have now been eradicated.
1123:Douglas P. Reagan; Robert B. Waide, eds. (1996).
228:. The common coquí is a very important aspect of
574:Invasive Population Diet Impact on Local Ecology
1152:in Cordillera Forest reserves of Puerto Rico".
1031:Henderson, Robert W.; Schwartz, Albert (1991).
1789:Beard, Karen H.; Pitt, William C. (May 2006).
1323:International Union for Conservation of Nature
877:List of amphibians and reptiles of Puerto Rico
1003:Thomas, R. (1966). "New species of antillean
935:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T56522A3041672.en
8:
1878:Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR):
910:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2021).
734:The coqui's distinct calls may be heard here
1280:Usda Wildlife Services - Staff Publications
1271:Campbell, Earl W. III; Kraus, Fred (2002).
514:The common coquí is a generalist nocturnal
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522:. Juveniles consume smaller prey, such as
452:can commonly be found in homes and parks.
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29:
20:
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1801:(3). Cambridge University Press: 345–347
1514:(6). Cambridge University Press: 607–617
1260:– via Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk.
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813:revealed that mongooses, despite being
441:, mountains, and urban areas, found in
1559:The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians
1125:The Food Web of a Tropical Rain Forest
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267:
1721:Listen to this species's mating call
393:in 1989, indicating that the pattern
340:Full-grown male coquís measure, from
7:
1303:Coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui)
882:List of endemic fauna of Puerto Rico
481:. It has become a densely populated
2199:IUCN Red List least concern species
921:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
465:The species has been introduced to
754:Influences on reproductive success
226:sex difference in a sensory system
14:
1556:Wells, Kentwood D. (2010-02-15).
364:and are not adapted to swimming.
286:in 1966. It belongs to the genus
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1412:Joglar, R.L.; Rios, N. (1998). "
1065:Global Invasive Species Database
856:
842:
828:
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717:by perching above ground level.
461:Invasive population distribution
268:Problems playing this file? See
253:
73:
1893:Control of Coqui Frog in Hawaii
1689:The Quarterly Review of Biology
1562:. University of Chicago Press.
1533:Beard, Karen H. (16 May 2007).
1389:. issg Database. Archived from
1127:. University Of Chicago Press.
1035:. University Press of Florida.
329:Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
1284:University of Nebraska–Lincoln
864:Amphibians and Reptiles portal
787:Invasive management strategies
1:
1240:Frog Introductions to Hawaii"
2214:Endemic fauna of Puerto Rico
2204:Amphibians described in 1966
1077:National Wildlife Federation
413:Native and invasive habitats
1795:Journal of Tropical Ecology
1508:Journal of Tropical Ecology
1009:Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci
607:Habitat-behavioral research
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371:A coquí next to a US penny
348:Coquís are muddy-brown in
2219:Amphibians of Puerto Rico
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671:snails—by the males. The
323:Eleutherodactylus jasperi
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1467:: The Cost of Calling".
616:and Heliconia carabea.
561:Native ecological impact
432:Puerto Rican dry forests
401:from visual predators.
220:belonging to the family
1987:Eleutherodactylus-coqui
1961:Eleutherodactylus_coqui
1947:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1917:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1880:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1465:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1438:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1414:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1385:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1340:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1195:www.upane.it, Upane -.
1150:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1059:Eleutherodactylus coqui
982:10.1126/science.1257772
958:Eleutherodactylus coqui
914:Eleutherodactylus coqui
556:Eleutherodactylus coqui
380:Evolutionary morphology
336:Morphology and lifespan
314:Eleutherodactylus coqui
206:Eleutherodactylus coqui
179:Eleutherodactylus coqui
1748:Journal of Herpetology
1662:Journal of Herpetology
1631:Journal of Herpetology
1346:Journal of Herpetology
1154:Journal of Herpetology
887:Puerto Rican spindalis
800:
686:Puerto Rican bullfinch
658:
637:
557:
488:invasive alien species
372:
298:Southern United States
242:
199:, widely known as the
1604:10.1007/s003600050209
1418:Herpetological Review
1247:Herpetological Review
798:
745:The coqui's call (or
710:for their offspring.
656:
635:
555:
370:
292:which in Greek means
241:
1440:) - Species Profile"
928:: e.T56522A3041672.
872:Fauna of Puerto Rico
763:and hatching rate.
636:Lava Tree State Park
230:Puerto Rican culture
16:Species of amphibian
974:1976Sci...192..378N
579:multiple sites and
418:Native distribution
407:apostatic selection
222:Eleutherodactylidae
209:), is a species of
137:Eleutherodactylidae
40:Conservation status
1886:2019-05-21 at the
1728:2021-10-15 at the
1358:10.1670/07-314R1.1
836:Puerto Rico portal
801:
713:Males begin their
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492:Dominican Republic
399:selection pressure
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2209:Eleutherodactylus
2186:
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2161:Open Tree of Life
1909:Taxon identifiers
1779:Hara et al (2010)
1238:Eleutherodactylus
1005:Eleutherodactylus
968:(4237): 378–380.
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707:Eleutherodactylus
690:Puerto Rican tody
624:Invasive behavior
439:broadleaf forests
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1863:profile for
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1830:. 2020-12-15
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1475:(1): 69–75.
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1391:the original
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1099:(2): 431–437
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925:
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892:Flor de maga
802:
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715:mating calls
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649:Reproduction
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18:
2135:NatureServe
2060:iNaturalist
1969:AmphibiaWeb
1941:Wikispecies
1397:October 15,
941:19 November
761:clutch size
362:webbed feet
218:Puerto Rico
2193:Categories
1834:2021-01-04
1805:1 February
1765:31 January
1672:31 January
1641:31 January
1518:31 January
1449:2018-05-08
1342:in Hawaii"
1289:2007-12-13
1257:2018-12-22
1253:(1): 21–25
1221:"The Rock"
1206:2018-05-08
1103:31 January
1015:: 375–391.
898:References
808:, and the
769:dry season
682:bananaquit
663:wet season
520:arthropods
477:, and the
443:bromeliads
358:tree frogs
308:, and the
270:media help
1709:0033-5770
810:cane toad
773:chorusing
588:amphipods
496:Louisiana
387:grassland
310:Caribbean
294:free toes
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2140:2.105062
2078:10585316
1926:Wikidata
1884:Archived
1828:Maui Now
1726:Archived
1612:43126519
1436:"Coqui (
1366:49269778
1182:85874061
822:See also
694:habitats
678:E. coqui
668:Subulina
594:Behavior
536:crickets
516:predator
467:Colombia
454:E. coquí
450:E. coquí
326:and the
278:Taxonomy
133:Family:
117:Amphibia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2166:1085754
2039:2424091
1932:Q616638
1857:Scholia
1489:1446039
1174:1565991
990:1257772
970:Bibcode
962:Science
815:diurnal
698:tadpole
528:spiders
500:Florida
494:and to
473:in the
428:Culebra
424:Vieques
350:mottled
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2173:uBio:
2104:173559
2026:330433
2000:207469
1859:has a
1707:
1610:
1566:
1539:Copeia
1487:
1469:Copeia
1424:: 107.
1364:
1197:"GISD"
1180:
1172:
1131:
1093:Copeia
1039:
988:
736:, and
680:. The
540:snails
471:Hawaii
214:native
188:, 1966
186:Thomas
2176:28281
2153:57060
2124:NAS:
2117:56522
2091:84734
2073:IRMNG
2065:22454
2013:3996F
1861:topic
1608:S2CID
1588:(PDF)
1485:JSTOR
1362:S2CID
1319:(PDF)
1276:(PDF)
1243:(PDF)
1178:S2CID
1170:JSTOR
747:canto
738:here.
657:Coqui
544:frogs
532:moths
436:mesic
356:. As
354:belly
342:snout
201:coquí
127:Anura
2148:NCBI
2112:IUCN
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