480:
parties" are formed at higher altitudes, especially late in the breeding season. The purpose of these parties is uncertain, but may include ascending to sleep on the wing, while still breeding adults tend to spend the night in the nest. Tracking swifts at their breeding colonies using radar has revealed that individuals often occur in flocks during evening ascent and dawn descent but not during the subsequent evening descent or prior dawn ascent, suggesting that this flocking benefits the swifts via cue acquisition and information exchange between individuals or through extending social behaviour.
489:
630:, and sexually immature year-old birds are the first to leave their breeding area. Breeding males follow next, and finally the breeding females. The breeding females stay longer in the nest to rebuild their fat reserves. The time of departure is often determined by the light cycle, and begins at the first day of less than 17 hours light. For this reason, birds further north, for instance in Finland, leave later in the second half of August. These latecomers are rushed through the quickly shortening days in Central Europe and are barely seen by bird watchers.
622:. Their summer breeding range runs from Portugal and Ireland in the West across to China and Siberia in the East. They breed as far south as Northern Africa (in Morocco and Algeria), with a presence in the Middle East in Israel, Lebanon and Syria, the Near East across Turkey, and the whole of Europe as far north as Norway, Finland, and most of sub-Arctic Russia. Swifts migrate to Africa by a variety of routes, ending up in Equatorial and Sub-Equatorial Africa, excluding the Cape. Common swifts do not breed on the Indian Subcontinent.
42:
634:
northwestern Africa. Swifts from Russia and southeastern Europe make a long journey over the eastern part of the
Mediterranean. It is unclear where the two groups meet. The western group of swifts mostly follow the Atlantic coastline of Africa – otherwise they would have to cross the Sahara. Once they arrive at the humid savanna, they turn southeast to arrive at their winter feeding grounds. During the summer in Africa, there is a great bounty of insects for the swifts, since the region lies in the
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A few swifts, usually some of the sexually immature one year olds, remain in Africa. The majority fly northwards through Africa, then turn east towards their destinations. The birds use low pressure fronts during their spring migrations to exploit the southwestern flow of warm air, and on the return
1128:
For its size, the swift has an exceptionally long life-span – averaging about 5.5 years. One bird in Oxford was found dying in 1964, 16 years after it was ringed as an adult, and therefore likely to be at least 18 years old. It's reckoned that this bird flew, in its lifetime, about 4 million miles,
645:
In
Central Europe, the swifts return in the second half of April and the first third of May, and like to stay in lowlands and near water rather than in high places. In more northerly regions, the swifts arrive later. The weather along the journey has an enormous influence on the arrival date, so in
479:
Their call is a loud scream in two different tone pitches, the higher of which issues from the female. They often form "screaming parties" during summer evenings, when 10–20 swifts will gather in flight around their nesting area, calling out and being answered by nesting swifts. Larger "screaming
633:
The prevailing direction of travel through
Central Europe is south-by-southwest, and so the Alps do not present a barrier. In bad weather, the swifts follow rivers, because they can find a better food supply there. The population of Western and Central Europe traverses the Iberian peninsula and
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Except when nesting, swifts spend their lives in the air, living on the insects caught in flight; they drink, feed, and often mate and sleep on the wing. Some individuals go 10 months without landing. No other bird spends as much of its life in flight. Contrary to common belief, swifts can take
585:
Feeding parties can be very large in insect-rich areas, such as wetlands. Reports of as many as 2,000 swifts feeding over flooded gravel pits, lakes and marshy river deltas are not uncommon, and may represent an ingress of swifts from within as much as a 100 km (62 mi) radius; swifts
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Common swifts are 16–17 cm (6.3–6.7 in) long with a wingspan of 38–40 cm (15–16 in) and entirely blackish-brown except for a small white or pale grey patch on their chins which is not visible from a distance. They have a short forked tail and very long swept-back wings that
625:
Subjects of a geolocator tracking study demonstrated that swifts breeding in Sweden winter in the Congo region of Africa. Swifts spend three to three-and-a-half months in Africa and a similar time breeding – the rest is spent on the wing, flying home or away. Unsuccessful breeders,
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Although sometimes difficult to discern against a bright sky, the underside of a swift, with the exception of the white spot under its chin, is entirely dark brown. Swallows show a beige-white underside. They can also be recognized by the long forks in their
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598:. Swifts usually nest in buildings but they can also be found nesting in holes in trees, cliffs and crevices, and even in nestboxes. Swifts usually enter their nesting holes with direct flight, and take-off is characterized by an initial free-fall.
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in
Abernethy, Scotland. While tree holes and cliffs may have comprised their historical nesting resource, the almost complete removal of ancient forest from their nesting range has resulted in adaptation to man-made sites. Swifts build their
680:
The barn swallow and house martin hunt for airborne insects in a manner similar to that of the slightly larger swift, and occasionally mixed groups of the species form. The most noticeable differences between the three types are:
742:", which is represented without feet, may have been based on the swift, but is generally assumed to refer to the house martin; it was used for the arms of younger sons, perhaps because it symbolized their landless wandering.
519:
391:, literally meaning "wall-glider"). They never settle voluntarily on the ground where they would be vulnerable to accidents and predation, and non-breeding individuals may spend up to ten months in continuous flight.
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Swifts form pairs that may couple for years, and often return to the same nesting site and partner year after year, repairing degradation suffered in their 40-week migratory absence. Insects such as
560:
of air-borne material caught in flight, bonded with their saliva, in suitable buildings hollows, such as under tiles, in gaps beneath window sills, and most typically under eaves and within gables.
731:, holes left in the wall and special constructions under the eaves of buildings. Young birds were harvested for eating but there were rules about leaving at least one young in the nest.
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The swift's wingbeats are deep and quick, and the swift glides for longer. The swallow's flight is more fluttering, and it presses its wings further to the rear during beats.
1002:"Commonswift, Mauersegler, Apus apus, Martinet noir, Gierzwaluw, Swift pictures, Vencejo comun, chernyi strizh, Mauersegler Fotos, Swift pictures, Bibliography, airstrokes"
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flight from level ground. Their maximum horizontal flying speed is 111.6 km/h (69.3 mph) Over a lifetime they can cover millions of kilometers.
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nesting in
Western Scotland are thought to venture to Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland to feed on the abundant and nutritious "Lough Neagh Fly".
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Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1
874:
1989:
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Tompkins, D.M.; Jones, T.; Clayton, D.H. (1996). "Effect of vertically transmitted ectoparasites on the reproductive success of Swifts (
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Young nesting swifts are able to survive for a few days without food by dropping their body temperature and metabolic rate, entering a
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The narrow sickle-shaped wings of the swift are longer than its body, and its silhouette in the air resembles an anchor.
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The shrill screaming call of the swift distinguishes itself from the more inconspicuous babbling of the swallow.
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Swifts have very short legs which they use primarily for clinging to vertical surfaces (hence the German name
1931:
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Nilsson, C.; Bäckman, J.; Dokter, A.M. (2019). "Flocking behaviour in the twilight ascents of Common Swifts
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Swift
Conservation.Org free advice on the natural history and conservation of Apus apus the Common Swift
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of North
Eastern Poland, or the small colony found in a combination of woodpecker holes and tree
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In medieval Italy, swifts (rondone) were encouraged to nest in towers and buildings using
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448:, "foot", based on the belief that these birds were a form of swallow that lacked feet.
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1313:"Le "rondonare": come attrarre i rondoni negli edifici, dal Medioevo ai nostri giorni"
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may consume all but the most indigestible nest elements, typically feather shafts.
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Ageing and sexing (PDF; 3.1 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
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947:(in Latin). Vol. v.1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 192.
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The common swift was one of the many species described by the
Swedish naturalist
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987:. Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 244.
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1195:"Migration Routes and Strategies in a Highly Aerial Migrant, the Common Swift
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1193:Åkesson, S.; Klaassen, R.; Holmgren, J.; Fox, J.W.; Hedenström, A. (2012).
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1143:"Hole selection by nesting swifts in medieval city-walls of central Spain"
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Common swifts nest in a wider variety of sites than any other species of
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trip, ride northeastern winds on the back of the low pressure fronts.
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one region the swifts may come back at varying times year to year.
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Common swift species text in The Atlas of
Southern African Birds
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Corrales, L.; Bautista, L.M.; SantaMarĂa, T.; Mas, P. (2013).
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Swifts may nest in former woodpecker tree burrows found in
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638:. The swifts have a nearly unbroken presence in the sky.
967:(in Latin). Pragae: Apud Wolfgangum Gerle. p. 483.
895:"Annual 10-Month Aerial Life Phase in the Common Swift
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is the Latin word for a swift. It is derived from the
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for a swift, thought by the ancients to be a type of
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but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those
1862:
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893:Hedenström, Anders; et al. (September 2016).
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846:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T22686800A62552970.en
804:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T22686800A62552970.en
345:. The resemblances between the groups are due to
1129:the same as flying to the moon and back 8 times!
1072:. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
704:Swift nests commonly support populations of the
1085:"Supercharged swifts take flight speed record"
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866:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1389:Oxford University Museum of Natural History
539:, such as some 600 reported nesting in the
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869:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 52.
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650:Differences between swifts and swallows
1199:, Revealed by Light-Level Geolocators"
424:was erected by the Italian naturalist
1960:IUCN Red List near threatened species
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1932:48603EFA-B290-4889-BF3D-55B33458C9F8
1670:f6c311a8-a173-4c2e-8942-2bee127a6c4c
1955:IUCN Red List least concern species
832:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
790:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
964:Introductio ad historiam naturalem
14:
984:Check-list of Birds of the World
115:
1398:BirdLife species factsheet for
503:Young bird, not yet able to fly
329:, superficially similar to the
1083:Bourton, Jody (2 March 2010).
757:Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
752:International Swift Conference
636:Intertropical Convergence Zone
1:
1320:Atti Soc. Nat. Mat. di Modena
1422:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1224:10.1371/journal.pone.0041195
341:species, being in the order
1990:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1341:Swift Conservation Homepage
1162:10.13157/arla.60.2.2013.291
2006:
1420:Common swift photo gallery
1364:Feathers of Common Swift (
863:Jobling, James A. (2010).
18:
1426:Interactive range map of
959:Scopoli, Giovanni Antonio
916:10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.014
472:resemble a crescent or a
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112:Scientific classification
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1412:Internet Bird Collection
839:: e.T22686800A62552970.
797:: e.T22686800A62552970.
426:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
353:and the Southeast Asian
1985:Birds described in 1758
455:which lived during the
444:, "without", and πούς,
380:, "without", and πούς,
21:Korscheltellus lupulina
1696:common-swift-apus-apus
819:BirdLife International
777:BirdLife International
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459:has been described as
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1808:Paleobiology Database
1385:Nesting swifts webcam
1311:Ferri, Mauro (2018).
1110:"Amazing swift facts"
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511:Several swifts flying
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277: Wintering range
1665:Fauna Europaea (new)
1407:"Common swift media"
1387:in the tower of the
1209:(7:e41195): e41195.
420:. The current genus
413:. He introduced the
360:Its scientific name
347:convergent evolution
325:) is a medium-sized
311:Common Swift chicks
271: Breeding range
1215:2012PLoSO...741195A
738:bird known as the "
529:TomaszĂłw Mazowiecki
451:A Central European
372:with no feet (from
295:Linnaeus, 1758
60:Conservation status
1433:IUCN Red List maps
1373:2018-03-04 at the
1357:2020-11-02 at the
1262:Functional Ecology
716:Crataerina pallida
710:Dennyus hirundinis
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618:Common swifts are
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551:'s reserve at the
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527:Swifts in flight,
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1795:Open Tree of Life
1444:Taxon identifiers
1066:"Grounded swifts"
1044:10.1111/ibi.12704
979:Peters, James Lee
909:(22): 3066–3070.
876:978-1-4081-2501-4
713:and the lousefly
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553:Caledonian Forest
541:Białowieża Forest
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461:Apus apus palapus
428:in 1777 based on
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1322:(in Italian).
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1268:(6): 733–740.
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1156:(2): 291–304.
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1070:Helping swifts
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225:Binomial name
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35:Common swift
33:
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26:
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19:For the moth
1965:Apus (genus)
1864:Hirundo apus
1863:
1451:
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1120:. Retrieved
1116:
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679:
662:Barn swallow
644:
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614:(thanatosis)
610:A juvenile,
595:
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534:
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457:last ice age
450:
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421:
418:Hirundo apus
417:
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361:
359:
351:hummingbirds
335:house martin
331:barn swallow
321:
320:
317:common swift
316:
314:
298:
292:Hirundo apus
291:
290:
264:
233:
231:
216:A. apus
215:
214:
202:
165:
29:
20:
1704:iNaturalist
1476:Wikispecies
1171:10261/96963
467:Description
432:. The word
389:Mauersegler
384:, "foot").
343:Apodiformes
182:Apodiformes
1949:Categories
1847:Xeno-canto
1094:2 November
763:References
723:In culture
628:fledglings
453:subspecies
355:treeswifts
104:) (Europe)
1879:Q47482520
1852:Apus-apus
1507:Apus_apus
1482:Apus apus
1452:Apus apus
1428:Apus apus
1400:Apus apus
1366:Apus apus
1282:0269-8463
1258:Apus apus
1197:Apus apus
1028:Apus apus
897:Apus apus
825:Apus apus
783:Apus apus
729:rondonare
700:Parasites
620:migratory
602:Migration
545:nestboxes
494:Apus apus
484:Behaviour
474:boomerang
430:tautonymy
339:passerine
322:Apus apus
263:Range of
234:Apus apus
210:Species:
172:Strisores
135:Kingdom:
129:Eukaryota
51:Barcelona
1873:Wikidata
1748:22686800
1722:10195258
1543:22686800
1538:BirdLife
1527:BioLib:
1461:Wikidata
1371:Archived
1355:Archived
1298:33059571
1243:22815968
1203:PLOS ONE
1180:84894013
1122:18 March
1117:Rspb.org
1052:92297347
1011:18 March
961:(1777).
941:(1758).
925:28094028
821:(2021).
779:(2014).
746:See also
736:heraldic
590:Breeding
531:, Poland
492:Eggs of
395:Taxonomy
284:Synonyms
242:Linnaeus
192:Apodidae
188:Family:
149:Chordata
145:Phylum:
139:Animalia
125:Domain:
102:IUCN 3.1
80:IUCN 3.1
53:, Spain
1927:ZooBank
1919:1149570
1906:8352489
1683:5228676
1579:bob7950
1515:Avibase
1290:2390508
1234:3399846
1211:Bibcode
1150:Ardeola
740:martlet
578:state.
547:on the
407:of his
370:swallow
265:A. apus
198:Genus:
178:Order:
155:Class:
100: (
78: (
1970:Swifts
1839:212734
1813:369020
1800:609788
1735:178010
1639:EURING
1618:APUSAP
1605:comswi
1566:comswi
1495:comswi
1467:Q25377
1296:
1288:
1280:
1241:
1231:
1178:
1050:
923:
873:
695:tails.
576:torpid
275:
269:
23:, see
1893:8K4D9
1834:WoRMS
1717:IRMNG
1657:97070
1626:EUNIS
1600:eBird
1563:BOW:
1316:(PDF)
1294:S2CID
1286:JSTOR
1176:S2CID
1146:(PDF)
1113:(PDF)
1048:S2CID
672:Swift
558:nests
366:Latin
166:Clade
1914:ITIS
1901:GBIF
1826:2092
1774:8895
1769:NCBI
1743:IUCN
1730:ITIS
1709:6638
1678:GBIF
1644:7950
1613:EPPO
1592:FZD9
1556:9912
1551:BOLD
1530:8782
1278:ISSN
1260:)".
1239:PMID
1124:2022
1096:2016
1032:Ibis
1013:2022
921:PMID
871:ISBN
837:2021
795:2014
734:The
596:Apus
549:RSPB
446:pous
434:apus
422:Apus
382:pous
362:Apus
327:bird
315:The
246:1758
203:Apus
159:Aves
1888:CoL
1821:TSA
1756:NBN
1691:IBC
1631:888
1587:CoL
1574:BTO
1502:ADW
1491:ABA
1431:at
1324:149
1270:doi
1229:PMC
1219:doi
1166:hdl
1158:doi
1040:doi
1036:161
1030:".
911:doi
841:doi
799:doi
440:α,
376:α,
364:is
333:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
