Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen - Knowledge (XXG)

4905: 684: 1924: 1660: 672: 1728:), despite German pressures on Yugoslavia. Although celebrated in France as a major achievement for peace and stability, these arrangements were in fact "very banal", and Bled presented no guarantees for Czechoslovakia's survival. They were also notable for lifting the ban on Hungarian re-armament, which he advertised as a prelude to reaching "good terms with Hungary." However, Comnen delayed the application of that clause to October, which reportedly caused 1635:, Comnen insisted that the planes could not be downed. In effect, with his revelations about the flak range, Comnen gave the Soviets a free pass—as noted by French diplomatic cables, he did not want terrestrial passage, but "close his eyes to overflights of territory." Air defense, Comnen promised, "would take a few badly aimed potshots at Soviet planes, and that would be that." More officially, in September he also allowed the 42: 1299: 1651:, according to which Romania sabotaged the Czechoslovak–Soviet entente. The Soviets, they note, limited their involvement because they were unprepared for war with Germany. Nevertheless, as argued by historians such as Rebecca Haynes, Comnen himself never prepared for a Romanian military intervention in support of Czechoslovakia, except against an invasion by or from Hungary. 2139:, he argued, the "butter is spread more thinly", including "a general account of European developments in which M. Comnène had himself no hand, and for which he uses sources which are generally available". According to Macartney, the books show Comnen as "well informed, intelligent, and right-minded", his "sketches of various personalities" displaying "elegance and 1583:. Rosenberg called on Petrescu-Comnen to abandon Little Entente commitments to Czechoslovakia, as a prerequisite for good economic exchanges with Germany. The Romanian minister sought to counter such pressures by negotiating an economic treaty with Britain, which was still being discussed, then shelved, in August 1938. The relations were tested by the question of 1791:, Beck became convinced that Comnen was a "perfect imbecile", describing him as such in his memoirs. Comnen obtained from him a promise that Poland would intervene to reduce Hungary's territorial demands, but Beck never acted on that pledge. For his part, Comnen continued to aggravate the Poles by stating his support for an independent 1157:. He adamantly refused, noting that America was "radically incompatible" with his character; he asked instead to be moved to Rome. In the end, he was dispatched to Berlin, which was considered a very difficult mission, suited for his talents. He served there between February 9, 1927 and May 1937, interrupted by a mandate to the 1956:

deepest of Europe's crises, Romanian foreign politics had been entrusted to someone who had no means of influencing the events, and who looked on passively as the ground was slipping away from under his feet". Petrescu-Comnen took up his new office in Rome on January 20, 1939, visiting Pacelli, now Pope Pius XII, at the

1218:. From Berlin, Comnen witnessed the diplomatic clashes between Romania and Lithuania; in 1929, Lithuanian envoys expressed their alarm that Romania's collaboration with Poland was also directed against their country. He dismissed the claim, and reassured Lithuania that Romania wanted to act as a mediator in the 1620:, he confessed his own fears, namely that Litvinov was preparing the invasion of Bessarabia; he also commented at length on Romania's unpreparedness for war. According to Comnen, Soviet aircraft could cross into Romania's airspace at will, if the Soviets so desired, since it could not ever be hit by Romanian 1281:

Comnen's contacts in Vatican City informed him of an imminent Soviet attack on Romania, which is supposedly why Maniu massively increased military spending. The latter part of his term coincided with Iorga's premiership: Petrescu-Comnen advised the cabinet not to engage in "violent and hasty" actions

1798:

On September 12, Petrescu-Comnen had written Bonnet to demand that France honor its promise of properly arming the Romanian military, noting: "it would be a grave error if France were to lose our army's sympathy." Believing that France and Britain were not going to defend Romania, he ultimately took

1587:

disenfranchisement, with Comnen refusing to accept British suggestions that the policy be reversed. Progressively, Romania was coming to terms with her economic dependency on Germany, with Comnen issuing statements that hinted to a change of priorities in foreign affairs. Romania was therefore quick

1384:

probed Comnen's views on Titulescu's Soviet policy. The latter reassured both Germany and Finland that there was no scenario in which Romania and the Soviets would establish a military pact. Though skeptical, Comnen himself preferred this Soviet realignment to the Nazi alternative: his notes of 1936

1537:

about Germany's economic tactics; he also advised Germany not to act against Czechoslovakia, or risk a "world war". In May, he informed German diplomats that Romanian prosecutors had obtained concrete evidence that had been sponsoring the Iron Guard. He assured Fabricius that the information would

489:

judge in 1906. He worked as a lawyer from 1911 to 1916, while also teaching economics at Bucharest University. He was at the center of political life from his Paris years, when he joined the Romanian Students' Circle. He lectured with the latter at Voltaire Coffeehouse, appearing alongside some of

950:

would be mended and preserved. At the time, he was secretly approached by Bánffy to discuss "reconciliation between the Hungarian and Romanian peoples". Comnen later claimed that he had also reached a friendly agreement with Count Andrássy and other Hungarian conservatives, but that this had been

1955:

Before Gafencu took over, Comnen was informed that he would return as Romania's representative to the Holy See. According to Pavlowitch, he had overall proven himself "a conscious bureaucrat and an astute diplomat, but, as was reported, did not rise to the challenge of the events. During the

1261:

was prompted by the government reshuffle ordered by Prime Minister Maniu, and disappointed Petrescu-Comnen: he was negotiating an economic treaty with Germany and, moreover, preferred the post of ambassador to Italy. While in Rome, he was primarily noted for protesting against the apparent

1858:. In November, he organized Carol's state visit to Britain. In his own interview with Halifax, Comnen openly criticized France and Britain for abandoning Czechoslovakia; in that context, he also claimed that he himself had rejected an offer by "Slovakian political parties" to obtain a 1700:

as irreversible. He "took the initiative in liquidating the Ethiopian question", then followed the Anglo–French attempt to restore relations with Italy: "the Italian conquest would have to be acknowledged, unless were prepared to live forever in an unreal world." Faced with the

1912:, when the three of them were in London; while there, Gafencu won the king's confidence. Another diplomat, Alexandru Iacovachi, also argues that Comnen had failed Carol's expectations during the London visit—specifically, that a commercial treaty would be signed, and that the 1747:

not to give up on the project. On September 23, they addressed Hungary an ultimatum, threatening war if she would invade Czechoslovakia; Stojadinović rescinded five days later. Comnen continued to press for Yugoslavia to maintain the Little Entente, while also urging

1576:; this was later confirmed in a letter which Butenko addressed to the Romanian Foreign Ministry from his new home in Italy. Despite being targeted by Soviet officials, who alleged that he had a role in this affair, he did not speak publicly in support of Butenko. 1756:. The same month, he also approached Litvinov, promising that Romania would play no part in "anti-Soviet actions", also renouncing the demand for territorial guarantees, and even proposing that the Red Army be allowed to cross into Carpathian Ruthenia by way of 1592:

as "unavoidable" and "unobjectionable". His ministry still attempted to prioritize Romania's commitment to Czechoslovakia (tested by both Nazi and Polish demands, as well as by Czechoslovakia's friendship towards the Soviet state); it eventually witnessed the

1541:

Comnen also emphasized the importance of Franco–British–Romanian relations by elevating the ranks of his ambassadors in both countries, and by making Tătărescu his Paris envoy. However, Romania was facing international criticism over her disbanding of the

716:. The couple already had a son, Raymond-Alexis, born 1908, and a daughter, Elsa-Irène, born 1909. According to Pandrea, neither of the Comnen children shared their father's "obsession". He described both as "my friends", "sensible, unpretentious kids". 2075:, he mediated between the two sides to preserve the city's art and architecture from destruction, and in return was awarded the title of honorary citizen of Florence. According to historian Ioana Ursu, Comnen should be credited with having rescued the 1572:. There was a sudden worsening of Romanian–Soviet relations, almost to the brink of war. Eventually, the investigating team informed Comnen of the actual facts, namely that Butenko had defected of his own free will, to escape a likely execution in the 1490:. Upon his recall to Bucharest, Hitler showed his appreciation for the diplomat in a special letter to Carol II—this was a first in Romanian annals. Soon after taking office, Comnen, who was more probably a neutralist, presided upon the council of the 2205:

The former minister died in his adoptive Florence, without completing work on his final volume, a diplomatic history of Romania. In addition to receiving the Olympic Cross and the Order of Saint George knighthood, he had been a Grand Cross of the

986:. He had little connection with his constituency, but was selected by the local party chapter because of his good reputation as an advocate of Dobrujan Romanians. He only took his seat in 1920, when he returned from Paris, and was again reelected 1403:

as propaganda, Comnen accepted the Olympics Cross, First Class from Hitler. In early 1937, he visited Britain upon King Carol's request, and reported back that he had been able to approach various British statesmen. He and Karadja obtained that

1971:

convinced Comnen that there was "no reasoning to be tried with the Germans"—a pessimistic note which contrasted Gafencu's attempts to reach a new understanding with the Axis. According to his own recollections, he was entrusted by Gafencu and

1125:

Aware of the issues faced by Romanian Hungarians, Jews and other communities, Comnen showed his concern about what this could effect for Greater Romania's image abroad. In 1924, reporting from the League of Nations, he complained that the new

6180: 2276:, she donated her collection of Romanian paintings to the local art gallery, named after her father. The diplomat's daughter-in-law Angela Comnène published in 1982 an English biography of Comnen, and did research into his genealogy. 1514:

During the early days of 1938, Comnen announced that he was no longer involved with the National Liberal Party, taking his distance from Tătărescu. Widely tipped to become the full minister, he took over on March 30, days after the

934:, sent Comnen on mission to Hungary, where he also led the Romanian press office. This experience, in the aftermath of the Soviet Republic, acquainted Petrescu with communism (as detailed by his memoir, published 1957). Residing at 1238:. Despite harsh criticism at home over speculations that Romania was dropping her guard, this helped bring about a period of communication between the government of Romania and the Soviets. He also reported that, with backing from 2158:

in his various articles and books), while also maintaining links with the RNC, now an anti-communist organization, building bridges between the latter and the Holy See. Until 1950, he received funding from the exile industrialist

2368: 744:

and Iosif Șchiopu, who became his trusted advisers. Initially, Comnen contributed to the cause from a Swiss sanitarium, where he was recovering, hoping to carry forward Popovici's work after the latter had died. With articles in

1980:, which was to include a pacified Bulgaria; at the time, Italy was still "non-belligerent". Although Mussolini eventually backed Hitler, Comen still hoped to obtain Italian and papal support for Romania before and during the 1328:

came as a surprise. Petrescu-Comnen was prudent in his contacts with the Nazis, and his diplomatic notes of the time were ambivalent. Former Prime Minister Iorga, who remained friends with Comnen, records that Comnen thought

736:. According to Duca, Comnen, "whose precarious health had exiled to Switzerland", matched and surpassed Drăghicescu's similar work in France. He displayed "exquisite skills as a propagandist". He cultivated the friendship of 1109:

and the "Hungarian bishops". Titulescu and Comnen made a poor impression with British diplomats by producing blunt threats, such as announcing that Romania would individually sue all Hungarian colonists still present in the

2100:

project; nevertheless, he intervened to mitigate the effects of drought and famine in his native country. By 1947, he was also collecting and publishing in Florence his records of the war, and of his own part in it, as

1336:

In an interview with Comnen on May 26, 1933, Hitler "bluntly conditioned the continuation of economic contacts on a change in Romania's political attitude". During 1934, Comnen was still hoping to drive a wedge between

5950: 1691:

In May, at the height of the Munich crisis, Petrescu-Comnen informed Fabricius that "nothing of what endangers the existence of Czechoslovakia will leave us unmoved"; he himself was surfacing as a spokesman for the

436:. Earning accolades for his new contributions as a humanitarian, he published works of recollections and studies in diplomatic history. In his last years before his death in Florence, he had turned to promoting a 1286:. According to Iorga, he was supporting the King and the government, including against the PNL, boasting that he had stopped a PNL propaganda campaign abroad. His dealings with the Holy See were opposed by rival 1534: 539:

sees the Byzantine claim as entirely spurious, "snobbish", "unjustly decreasing the value of character." Genealogist Dumitru Năstase proposes that the Petrescus were in fact only attached to the village of

1902:; reportedly, this implicit criticism of the regime brought his demotion, by Carol, on December 20. However, Yugoslav diplomat Kosta St. Pavlowitch recalls that Carol had the idea to replace Comnen with 2302:

in 1995; and his decorations, donated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Angela Comnène, went on public display in 1998. In 2003, his documents relating to the Holy See were published as part of an

1839:

were mostly town-dwellers. This proposal was rejected by demographer Béla Kenéz on the Hungarian side—he noted that it would have implied removing almost 2 million people to make room for the 16,000

4710: 596:: "the work of a real poet", it nevertheless contained "pages that are quite needlessly bizarre". For a while, this aspect of his literary activity merged with his scholarly work. On June 4, 1905, 4483:

Matthieu Boisdron, "Les accords de Bled: la France, la Petite Entente et l'attribution de l'egalité des droits à la Hongrie (septembre 1937–octobre 1938)", in Krisztián Bene, Ferenc Dávid (eds.),

1886:. It accused Carol of appeasement and called for a national unity cabinet to deal with the crisis. In that context, Comnen had a publicized meeting with three former Ministers of Foreign Affairs ( 278:

cabinet (between May 1938 and January 31, 1939). He debuted in France as a public lecturer and author of several books on political history, then returned to Romania as a judge and member of the

1767:. Among the Polish diplomats, Count Leo Orlowski theorized that Romania should join the alliance with Hungary, "a country of the future", and abandon Czechoslovakia. At an October conference in 1604:

would only come with a recognition of Bessarabia as Romanian territory. More specifically, Comnen and the rest of his government expected France to provide Romania with guarantees. Contacted by

6125: 1898:), showing that they backed his German rapprochement. The effort proved largely futile: as Comnen himself noted, Hitler resented Carol for repressing the Iron Guard and murdering its leader, 1862:

over that region. Carol's diplomatic tour was also an attempt to quell international protests regarding Goga's treatment of the Jews. In the aftermath, Carol recalled his minister in London,

1427:

upset the liberal order in Romania. In the run-up to the elections, Comnen had sought to mitigate Germany's open support for the Iron Guard, offering its government a chance to apologize for

6205: 6185: 6175: 465:: his maternal grandmother, Ecaterina, was the last descendant of the Greek family Comninò. Also through his mother, hailing from the Cernovodeanu clan, the future diplomat belonged to the 4819:

Dan Prisăcaru, "Adaptări ale politicii externe și de apărare a României în perioada 29 august 1936–6 septembrie 1940. O radiografie a politicii de 'balans' între marile puteri (III)", in

2178:, lecturing at the Romanian House on issues of international diplomacy. He resumed his publishing in 1957, with the memoirs of his 1919 trip to Hungary (published by a Romanian group in 3972:

Budurowycz, pp. 61–63; Mareș, pp. 64–87, 89–103, 110–112, 129, 273, 285–286, 291–292, 324–325, 331–333, 363, 372–379, 396–397, 434; Petrescu, pp. 343–346; Trașcă & Grad, pp. 187–192

1559: 6195: 6150: 6140: 5158: 1054:, in which Germany formally recognized its post-war borders with France and Belgium but not with Poland or Czechoslovakia. He wanted Romania to align herself with the anti-League 6200: 5925: 5920: 1705:, Comnen and other Romanian experts sought to re-legitimize the Danube Commission; in exchange, he obtained French and British recognition of Romania's full sovereignty over the 1435:. This request was angrily rejected in Berlin, mainly because the ambassador "had only attended a religious ceremony". Eventually, Carol pleased Germany by handing government to 1154: 2272:. He was survived by daughter Elsa-Irène, whom Pius XII converted to Catholicism, and who lived for a while as a nun. She later married and took the name Irene Bie. Settling in 1831:, which isolated Romania's territory. This then opened the way for Hungarian demands in Transylvania. In November, Comnen suggested settling the Transylvanian issue through a 1198:

His main contribution during the Weimar period was a German–Romanian Chamber of Commerce. Entirely his "brainchild", it was established in November 1929 with funds pooled by

526: 1026:, Petrescu's law was not passed. A disappointed Vaida-Voevod claimed that, with his new career in Parliament, Petrescu had "sacrificed himself" to Brătianu's "politicking". 2282:

meant that Comnen's contribution was unmentioned in Romania until the 1970s, when his work was briefly covered, with some excerpts, detailing his anti-Nazism, appearing in

2031:

of Northern Transylvania. He found a backer in the government secretary, Alexandru Cretzianu, but was denied full reemployment. He was ultimately pensioned on May 1, 1941.

2315: 1392: 1138:, that the situation of minorities is in reality less good than elsewhere, and, finally, that an unfavorable current can be easily determined against us with support from 5023: 6115: 6090: 5915: 2546: 3499:

Cristian-Alexandru Boghian, "The Management of Romania's Communication with Germany, Italy and the USSR in the Context of Octavian Goga's Government (1937–1938)", in

2163:, which he used to sponsor expatriate Romanian academics and "some 40 students in France". Also in 1950, Comnen intervened as a mediator Gafencu and the RNC leader, 6190: 5955: 4936: 2016: 2202:; while there, he conspired with fellow inmate Ion Mitucă. In 1955, the latter, who was planning an anti-communist insurgency, tried to defect and contact Comnen. 5965: 4149:

Veronica Turcuș, "Raporturi politice și culturale româno-italiano-vaticane: Legația română de pe lângă Sfântul Scaun într-un moment de cumpănă (august 1944)", in

3133:

Silviu Miloiu, "Două retorici cu privire la minoritatea bulgară din Dobrogea de Sud la Societatea Națiunilor (1927–1928)", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.),

1566:

disappeared in Bucharest. Before the details of this escape emerged, the Soviet side was claiming that Butenko had been abducted or killed by a PNC militia, the

1262:

rapprochement between the Holy See and Hungary, but also for using his position to guess at Mussolini's external policies. He was responsible for obtaining from

525:). The change was made official by his father in 1903, and later backed by a questionable family tree and heraldry, but recognized during his induction into the 1462:. His advancement was supposed to placate Germany, which had been unpleasantly surprised by the PNC's downfall; it was also greeted by the Italian ambassador, 2003:

took over in Bucharest; Petrescu-Comnen, identified as a pillar of the old system, was sacked within days. His office was unofficially taken over by Guardist

6210: 6155: 4615: 1139: 4502: 5960: 5151: 1320:, he had predicted that Germany would fall to communism. His return to Berlin was facilitated by Carol II, who complained that the outgoing ambassador, 2171:

nominated him as RNC representative to the Vatican, although he was eventually assigned, that same year, to represent the RNC in the Italian republic.

349:, Comnen preserved a neutralist line, recognizing Romania's dependence on German industry while seeking to expand cooperation with France and Britain. 6110: 6055: 5980: 1373: 4775:

The Inauguration of "Organized Political Warfare": Cold War Organizations Sponsored by the National Committee for a Free Europe/Free Europe Committee

529:. Petrescu's views on his family's heritage were a frequent topic of ridicule among foreign diplomats (puns on his name included the French-language 6130: 1543: 1432: 6135: 6120: 6000: 3047:, p. 100. Prague & Budapest: Masarykův ústav a Archiv Akademie věd České republiky & MTA Etnikai-nemzeti Kisebbségkutató Intézete, 2009. 1828: 896: 325:

and close to that party's leadership, before embarking on a full-time diplomatic career, originally as Romania's envoy to Switzerland and to the

1967:, which, as he reported to Gafencu, placed Romania in imminent danger. He remained in Rome after the outbreak of World War II a week later. The 5970: 5069: 3683: 1162: 1011: 1003: 971: 322: 196: 2798: 2627:

Victor Rizescu, "De la emanciparea muncii la protecția socială: politica reprezentării profesionale în România la începutul secolului XX", in

6095: 5167: 5144: 4864: 4814: 4786: 4744: 4730: 4587: 4548: 4523: 4496: 3166: 3142: 3052: 2493: 1729: 1455: 307: 271: 56: 1448: 6160: 6075: 2027:, Comnen petitioned the ministry, insisting that he could still prove useful in his dealings with the Holy See, and through it prevent the 1776: 1624:; he also insisted that a Red Army presence in Romania would have been of no service to Czechoslovakia, since roads linking Bessarabia to 1014:. He was also noted for proposing legislation that made striking illegal, pressuring the Vaida-Voevod cabinet to look into allegations of 4068: 1743:, which upset his plans for resistance. Returning to Geneva as the Little Entente was falling apart, he managed to persuade Yugoslavia's 6145: 6065: 6010: 4929: 1740: 1632: 2827: 6005: 2048: 1600:

Petrescu-Comnen was reserved about the Soviets' intervention on Czechoslovakia's side; he insisted that Romanian cooperation with the

880: 429: 306:

more palatable to Hungarian conservatives. Also noted as an eccentric who published poetry, he was often ridiculed for his claim to a

4578:

Marusia Cîrstea, "The Munich Agreement (1938) and the Commitments of Romanian Attachés in Western Capitals", in Iulian Boldea (ed.),

2198:

and his antique book collection. His family was also exposed to persecution: nephew Dan Cernovodeanu was sent to a labor camp on the

6100: 6070: 5945: 5930: 4878: 4839: 4778: 4623: 4605: 4573: 3088: 2420: 1867: 1043: 1023: 713: 1680: 1127: 1006:. Petrescu-Comnen spearheaded the PNL opposition, especially so during March 1920, when he filibustered against the appointment of 908: 299: 3079:

Lucian Nastasă, "Maghiarii din România și etica minoritară. Repere istorice, 1920–1940", in Lucian Nastasă, Levente Salat (eds.),

1643:

later testified that Comnen had respected his promises to Czechoslovakia. As argued by journalist Alexander Bregman and historian

6105: 6085: 6040: 5192: 4485:

Entre coopération et antagonismes. Les dimensions des relations franco–hongroises, de l'époque moderne à l'intégration européenne

1551: 1443:(PNC). Comnen confirmed to this standard, communicating in Berlin the guidelines of Romania's neutralist policy: preservation of 1353:

of the Romanian Anti-Revisionist League to lecture in Berlin about minority religions in Romania. Later that year, he and consul

1131: 1093:, who took over his seat at the League of Nations, Comnen worked to convince the Entente that Greater Romania was respecting her 466: 3325: 6050: 6035: 6030: 5990: 5975: 4345: 3021: 2279: 2260: 2151: 1996: 1702: 1530: 1250: 5202: 1779:, not to accept a Hungarian takeover in Ruthenia. He then refused Polish offers for Romania to annex parts of that region, in 1219: 6060: 6020: 5935: 4922: 4565: 1584: 1424: 1369:. Rosenberg was persuaded that Comnen, a "Titulescu representative", was lying, and began maneuvering to have him recalled. 1283: 1195:

to attack Aromanian settlers, but repeatedly insisted, and obtained, that Romania prosecute wrongdoers acting on her behalf.

1130:

had a tactical advantage: "it is confident that our situation inside the European concert of nations is shakier than that of

987: 983: 975: 610: 318: 95: 947: 282:

faculty. Comnen spent most of World War I in Switzerland, earning respect at home and abroad for his arguments in favor of

5940: 5798: 5682: 3427:

Silviu Miloiu, "Nicolae Titulescu's New Eastern Policy and the Upgrading of Romania's Diplomatic Ties with Lithuania", in

1579:

Petrescu-Comnen was subject to increasing pressures from the Germans to reorient his country's foreign policy towards the

1142:, Jews, Catholics and Protestants the world over". In 1924 and again in 1925, he welcomed in Geneva the Romanian politico 907:, and provide support to the "White Guards". In August 1919, Comnen was contacted by another delegation, representing the 892: 809: 408:

Comnen was ultimately deposed by Carol—allegedly, because he had questioned the king's rationale for repressing the rival

359:'s authoritarian regime. His ministerial term was highly turbulent, overlapping with the expansion of Nazi power, Western 1764: 1444: 1223: 1039: 364: 6170: 6165: 6025: 6015: 5662: 4597: 2215: 2207: 2089: 1816: 1672: 999: 832: 765:. French scholar Marcel Emerit found his a biased, "unilateral", perspective, containing "a lively condemnation" of the 390: 295: 4367:

Mihail E. Ionescu, "Elitele alternative la începuturile comunizării României. De la Ana Pauker la Nicolae Rădescu", in

2174:

Comnen was also taking trips to Brazil, initially as a delegate of Florence city council. In September 1954, he was at

1964: 6045: 5207: 4008:

Dan Prisăcaru, "Aspecte privind înzestrarea Armatei Române în anii 1935–1940. Radiografia unor măsuri întârziate", in

2289: 2265: 2241: 2237: 2043:, Comnen decided not to return home as Antonescu sealed Romania's alliance with the Axis. Instead, he was co-opted by 1547: 1102: 4488: 2746: 2199: 1883: 1819:, and especially not to allow Hungary to annex Ruthenia. Despite assurances that Germany would only let Hungary take 884: 1973: 649:("A Review of State Intervention between Capital and Labor", 1910). These contributions detail Comnen's take on the 5273: 5258: 4962: 4831: 4717:

Zoltán Major, "Siker és eredmény – Bánffy Miklós, a külügyminiszter tevékenységének mérlege", in Endre Papp (ed.),

3158: 2250: 2229: 1562:. The situation was complicated by a sudden worsening of relations with the Soviet Union, when the Soviet diplomat 1526: 1275: 1235: 1046:(ILO). On July 10, 1923, he was named ambassador to Bern, and, in August of that year, also became delegate to the 1019: 733: 518: 374: 3043:

Miklós Zeidler, "The League of Nations and Hungarian Minority Petitions", in Ferenc Eiler, Dagmar Hájková (eds.),

1078:. When the latter would not adhere to the Convention for the Control of the Trade in Arms and Ammunition, Comnen, 1050:; according to Constantinide, he owed this appointment to his political connections. He followed with concern the 5995: 5985: 5793: 4954: 3689: 2225: 2189: 1968: 1957: 1859: 1684: 891:. According to Comnen's own account, he met with a deputation of Hungarian conservatives and liberals, including 888: 825: 4644:

Memorii, Vol. II: (Însemnări zilnice maiu 1917–mart 1920). Războiul național. Lupta pentru o nouă viață politică

6080: 4722: 4647: 4332: 2518: 2124: 2072: 2007:, who, upon his arrival, prevented Comnen from attending any official function; the aging diplomat withdrew to 2000: 1923: 1631:

By then, Romania's airspace was intensely used by Soviet aircraft. When pressed about this issue by Göring, as

1440: 650: 474: 458: 417: 5672: 5615: 5594: 5030: 5003: 4883:

Ottmar Trașcă, Cornel Grad, "România și chestiunea Ucrainei Subcarpatice (septembrie 1938 – martie 1939)", in

3364:, Valeriu Dobrinescu, "Dictatul fascist de la Viena — expresie a politicii de forță repudiată în istorie", in 1753: 1459: 618: 2123:

as the best analysis of Romania's plight in the late interwar. The books were also reviewed by the historian

5222: 4856: 4073: 2311: 2307: 2097: 2064: 1899: 995: 499: 478: 279: 2303: 1882:

The change of policy toward Germany incensed the underground democratic opposition, and especially Maniu's

1795:, which he argued would be a natural ally of Poland and Romania against both Germany and the Soviet Union. 1521:

crisis. His term coincided with the major developments in Carol's feud with the Iron Guard; Prime Minister

683: 5667: 5584: 5517: 5314: 5298: 5252: 4988: 4914: 4773:

Marius Petraru, "The History of the Romanian National Committee: 1947–1975", in Katalin Kádár Lynn (ed.),

4190: 3473: 2605: 2255: 2168: 2052: 2040: 2012: 1944: 1636: 1478: 1362: 1274:, following the latter's coup, and for ending a long-standing dispute surrounding the corporate status of 1119: 1035: 956: 861: 725: 598: 425: 183: 4580:

Discourse as a Form of Multiculturalism in Literature and Communication. History and cultural Mentalities

3357: 2188:("Lights and Shadows over Europe"). By then, his Bucharest townhouse, located within walking distance of 5636: 5573: 5424: 5175: 5083: 4945: 4561: 2364: 2245: 1992: 1836: 1820: 1788: 1721: 1648: 1487: 1342: 1174: 1135: 1094: 991: 801: 758: 701: 697: 470: 437: 378: 338: 5855: 5840: 5819: 5809: 5553: 5501: 5480: 5460: 5434: 4848: 2794: 2117:. In exile, he resumed contacts with Carol, who stated his appreciation for the diplomat and described 2004: 1780: 1757: 1744: 1733: 1468: 1428: 1405: 1302: 1282:

against the Hungarian Catholic clergy, while personally ensuring cooperation between the state and the

828: 5910: 5905: 5875: 5496: 5403: 5362: 5347: 5319: 5308: 5263: 5124: 5089: 5044: 5037: 4998: 4528:

Bohdan Budurowycz, "The Ukrainian Problem in International Politics, October 1938 to March 1939", in

4507: 2759: 2273: 1985: 1840: 1400: 1396: 1321: 1098: 1079: 943: 900: 782: 457:

on August 24, 1884, the son of a public servant (or magistrate) and his schoolteacher wife. Baptized

283: 5101: 3467:

Alex F. Mihail, "Cel mai vechiu drapel românesc. O relatare a D-lui Ministru Petrescu-Comnen pentru

1999:, signaled a regime change in Romania. In September 1940, King Carol was ousted and an Axis-aligned 844:. It was at this time that Comnen became the target of criticism from the far left—communist writer 708:, as a means for the family to inherit a formal title. Other sources simply list her as a Triestine 5860: 5845: 5830: 5814: 5768: 5715: 5705: 5491: 5352: 5278: 5232: 5095: 5019: 4756: 3865: 3361: 3330: 3019:, "Imperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control the Global Arms Trade", in 2542: 2155: 1981: 1932: 1871: 1832: 1664: 1659: 1625: 1563: 1372:

Comnen's Russian policy was soon restored by the apparent upset in German–Soviet relations and the

1361:

a guarantee that Germany would not go to war over Hungary—but this pledge was quickly dismissed by

1267: 1166: 994:'s Foreign Policy Commission. Vaida-Voevod was Prime Minister of a coalition cabinet formed by the 671: 553: 482: 402: 356: 77: 5288: 4188:

Frank Marzari, "Projects for an Italian-Led Balkan Bloc of Neutrals, September–December 1939", in

3584:

Florea Nedelcu, "De la relații cordiale la exterminare reciprocă — Carol II și Garda de fier", in

2079:

from being detonated by the retreating Germans. Also in 1943, Comnen published in Geneva the book

1960:

to present him with works of Romanian ethnography and assess his views on international politics.

1169:, reporting to the League of Nations in respect to accusations that his government had encouraged 916: 5563: 5485: 5393: 5383: 5334: 5197: 5179: 4978: 2563: 2068: 2056: 1824: 1725: 1483: 1354: 1338: 1306: 1186: 857: 762: 569: 522: 382: 152: 5506: 5367: 4983: 3177:

Florin Anghel, "Polish Influences in the Baltic Démarches of Romanian Diplomacy. 1920–1930", in

3124:

Petrescu, pp. 336–342; Potra, p. 608; Rostovsky & Forter, p. 317; Vițalaru, pp. 347, 348–352

2164: 927: 805: 503: 4798:

Monica Pop, "Strategia economică și politică a Marii Britanii față de România (1938–1940)", in

2447:

Petrescu, pp. 331–333; Potra, p. 607. See also Rostovsky & Forter, p. 317; Vițalaru, p. 347

609:

Comnen also contributed a study of early Romanian jurisprudence (1902), and a monograph on the

5865: 5763: 5700: 5641: 5600: 5589: 5579: 5558: 5522: 5475: 5465: 5408: 5388: 5237: 5227: 4874: 4860: 4835: 4810: 4782: 4740: 4726: 4690: 4677: 4664: 4651: 4619: 4601: 4583: 4569: 4553: 4544: 4519: 4492: 3162: 3138: 3084: 3048: 2882: 2489: 2416: 2269: 2233: 2220: 2147: 1887: 1851: 1644: 1613: 1463: 1358: 1243: 1239: 1090: 1047: 951:

vetoed by Maniu. If accepted, the Hungarian proposal would have led to the establishment of a

912: 654: 491: 462: 433: 398: 326: 303: 242: 2288:

in the early 1980s; his memory was primarily maintained by his peers in Italy. Following the

625:. He continued in the fields of law and sociology, with a succession of tracts and lectures: 485:, he took a doctorate in Law and Political Science at the latter, and began his career as an 5825: 5804: 5788: 5725: 5720: 5605: 5547: 5532: 5455: 5439: 5429: 5414: 5398: 5373: 5357: 5217: 4909: 4844: 3850: 1936: 1891: 1863: 1812: 1808: 1784: 1697: 1668: 1640: 1594: 1409: 1366: 1313: 1178: 1118:

that they were acting in good faith. Comnen also called for a negative campaign against the

1059: 1055: 1051: 935: 786: 778: 766: 614: 556:, who noted that, beyond his "princely obsession", Comnen was a "fundamentally decent man." 386: 4701:

Béla Kenéz, "Minister Petrescu-Comnen's 'Nationality Exchange' Scheme and — The Facts", in

573:. According to Constantinide, young Petrescu authored a volume of poems which he signed as 329:(1923–1927). He had a steady climb during the early interwar, with alternating missions in 5657: 5626: 5610: 5342: 5324: 5303: 5293: 5283: 5242: 5187: 4630: 4414: 3586: 3366: 2936: 2832: 2284: 2211: 2019:, which Comnen described as Romania's "black days", the Guardist regime was replaced, and 1903: 1895: 1717: 1716:, and agreed to negotiate a collective nonaggression pact with Hungary; he also empowered 1580: 1298: 1271: 1007: 979: 964: 960: 876: 729: 413: 353: 330: 287: 127: 5778: 5512: 2194: 942:, he left the city with the lifting of Romanian occupation in October 1919. As a hostile 813: 477:

descent, "a true, purebred, Gypsy" and "highly unusual character". Having studied at the

4412:Ático Vilas-Boas da Mota, "Casa Română din Rio de Janeiro sau 'Tărâmul nostalgiei'", in 2456:

Liliana Beu, "Câteva repere privind originile și familia omului politic I. G. Duca", in

923:, it asked for Transylvania to be recognized as a federal entity of the Romanian state. 41: 5870: 5850: 5773: 5730: 5695: 5646: 5470: 5445: 5247: 5058: 5051: 3321: 3016: 2514: 2175: 2160: 1804: 1720:

to approach Bulgaria for similar talks. He managed to sign accords to that effect (the

1693: 1687:. The region's annexation would have cut off Czechoslovakia's links with all her allies 1676: 1617: 1605: 1377: 1346: 1287: 1231: 1153:

Early in 1926, a new National Liberal cabinet proposed Petrescu-Comnen for the post of

1106: 865: 849: 845: 741: 536: 469:, and was an uncle of the historian Dan Cernovodeanu. His collaborator and subordinate 394: 3863:"Abyssinia's Fate. Conquest Recognition. Debate at Geneva. British View Favoured", in 3848:"La journée: Dernières nouvelles. Le problème éthiopien à la Société des Nations", in 2434:

Mihai Demetriade, Silviu B. Moldovan, "Ion Mitucă, de la rezistență la disidență", in

852:

and Petrescu-Comnen were demagogues, preparing the annexation of Transylvania to the "

5899: 5710: 5651: 5568: 5542: 5450: 5419: 5378: 5268: 5076: 5065: 4993: 4791:

Nicolae Petrescu, "Nicolae Petrescu Comnen — un mare diplomat, pe nedrept uitat", in

4637: 2093: 2076: 2028: 2020: 1866:, who had angered the monarch with his unrealistic reports; now a Grand Cross of the 1783:. Confronted with Romania's argument that either Czechoslovak rule or an independent 1772: 1749: 1522: 1498:

resolution, condemning "any interference in the internal politics" of member states.

1436: 1387: 1350: 1254: 1207: 1203: 1182: 1143: 1083: 952: 920: 790: 622: 603: 587: 576: 275: 87: 4759:, Ioana Ursu, "Petre Pandrea, o conștiință antifascistă. Miniaturi diplomatice", in 2318:. However, by 2011 it had fallen into disrepair and was threatened with demolition. 789:, noted that the "savant work" of "truth and justice", had exposed the practices of 552:. The "bewildering" Byzantine pedigree was also ridiculed by the left-wing satirist 5835: 5758: 5527: 4064: 2740:

Marcel Emerit, "Partie bibliographique. II. Autour de la guerre. Pétain (général),

2523: 2044: 2015:. Effectively, Petrescu-Comnen's mission ended on November 15, 1940. Following the 1948: 1847: 1706: 1609: 1451:, full economic cooperation with Germany, and "no hostile attitude toward Russia." 1385:

show him alarmed by the "antisemitic objective" of Nazism (accurately predicting a

1330: 1325: 1263: 1258: 1165:. During much of 1928, he was also involved in the dispute between Romania and the 1071: 1034:

Still active in diplomacy, Petrescu-Comnen had enjoyed a friendly rapport with the

869: 737: 564: 486: 346: 342: 247: 4890:

Adrian Vițalaru, "Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen — diplomat al României interbelice", in

1917: 1105:, involved a defense of Romania's educational programs, confronting propaganda by 663:

was awarded another Academy prize, and again received a good review from Xenopol.

2411:

Mihai Sorin Rădulescu, "Sur l'aristocratie roumaine de l'entre-deux-guerres", in

1597:, and, despite official protests, had to seek a new course in European politics. 5783: 5631: 5537: 4540: 2701: 1977: 1940: 1928: 1855: 1800: 1696:

as a whole. He represented it at the League of Nations, where he recognized the

1639:

to fly its newly purchased warplanes from Soviet bases, over Romania. Beneš and

1573: 1568: 1555: 1491: 1473: 1115: 1075: 1063: 931: 495: 360: 5136: 1395:, and overall by the "nebulous criteria of German law". Although he viewed the 535:—"Petrescu-All the Same", and the generic "Nicolae Perhaps-Comnen"). Historian 5740: 5690: 2803: 1913: 1420: 1316:

and the decline of the Weimar Republic. Already in 1931, while vacationing in

1227: 1215: 1170: 409: 5735: 5212: 2654: 2590: 2114: 1517: 1222:. As a partisan of Titulescu's policies, Comnen was in favor of normalizing 1199: 1191: 1067: 1015: 797: 709: 592: 454: 369: 148: 2146:

Comnen's hope of returning to Romania was curbed by the establishment of a

1874:, who flaunted diplomatic conventions by asking to receive a higher honor. 1768: 1525:

served Carol's own authoritarian regime, which consolidated a single-party

903:, who demanded that Romania back their anti-communist government, based in 401:

access to Romania's airspace, and refused to participate in a partition of

4694: 4681: 4668: 4655: 2886: 4749:

Viorica Moisuc, "La Roumanie face à la crise tchécoslovaque en 1938", in

2107:("Preludes of the Great Tragedy"), followed in 1949 by the more detailed 2060: 1621: 1601: 1317: 1158: 939: 606:, which ended with readings from Samain's works by a group of actresses. 514: 421: 334: 311: 168: 1803:. In parallel to his purely political work, Petrescu-Comnen worked with 1616:, but these were never approved by his government. In conversation with 1538:

not be publicized, on condition that "this thing is brought to an end."

796:

Comnen received international attention, as well as collaborations from

420:

after Carol's downfall in 1940. He never returned home, but remained in

341:, and, progressively, on the easing of tensions between Romania and the 5750: 3685:

Rumania Rejects Compromise on Citizenship Revision; to Ignore Petitions

3063:

Victor Osăceanu, "România versus Ungaria la Societatea Națiunilor", in

2934:

Ion Constantinescu, "«Domnilor, vă stricați sănătatea degeaba...»", in

2299: 2218:, a Commander of the Order of the Cross of Marie; a Grand Cross of the 2008: 1792: 1413: 1381: 1066:

during ILO meetings. He worked with representatives of both Poland and

770: 705: 432:. As such, Comnen worked with Gafencu in the diaspora movement against 352:

Comnen was assigned to lead Foreign Affairs during the early stages of

291: 267: 4853:

The Political Diary of Alfred Rosenberg and the Onset of the Holocaust

3083:, p. 37. Cluj-Napoca: Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center, 2003. 1612:

in September, he promised that he would obtain flyover rights for the

1550:. Her relations with Britain were also strained by the appointment of 1161:(January 1930 – May 1932). In 1929, Comnen also joined the faculty of 1042:. From 1922 to 1927, he was also a perennial Romanian delegate to the 17: 6181:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

2768:

Séances et Travaux de l'Académie des Sciences Morales. Comptes Rendus

2179: 2024: 1908: 1713: 1495: 1147: 904: 853: 848:, who also resided in Switzerland, alleged that Brătianu's delegates 821: 580:. He is known to have published, as Petresco-Comnène, the collection 541: 377:, and tried to obtain guarantees from Romania's hostile neighbors at 3379:

Alexandru Mareș, "Liga antirevizionistă română și iredentismul", in

860:. Petrescu-Comnen's input was valued by the Transylvanian delegate, 1815:. From October 1938, he tried to persuade Germany not to dismantle 321:, during which time he became a prominent anti-socialist. He was a 290:

cause, and especially for his support of the Romanian community in

4737:

Alianța româno-polonă între destrămare și solidaritate (1938–1939)

4069:"Contribuția evreimii române la Așezământul Muncii în Ereț Israel" 3334:, Nr. 60, April 2001; Petrescu, pp. 337–341; Vițalaru, pp. 350–351 3155:

Export Empire: German Soft Power in Southeastern Europe, 1890–1945

3135:

Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX

1752:'s government to reconcile with the Ruthenian autonomists and the 1211: 1111: 640:

Câteva considerațiuni asupra socialismului și asupra roadelor sale

172: 4708:

Riccardo Maffei, "Fedor Butenko: One Man against Bolshevism", in

2192:, had been confiscated by the communist regime together with his 1963:

From his posting, Petrescu-Comnen witnessed the revelations of a

1927:

Petrescu-Comnen's proposed "Pact of Neutral Countries" (in gold)—

1290:, who claimed that Petrescu-Comnen was a disgrace to his office. 704:

origin—allegedly, he had her adopted by an impoverished count in

559:

Comnen's early work included poetry: in July 1904, his patriotic

4537:

1939: The Alliance That Never Was and the Coming of World War II

4269:

Mareș, p. 356; Petrescu, p. 348; Potra, p. 608; Vițalaru, p. 347

3878:

Ion C. Gruia, "Dunărea și tratatele ei internaționale (II)", in

1189:, heard Comnen's counterclaim, namely that Bulgaria had sent in 817: 5140: 4918: 4674:

Memorii. Vol. VI: Încercarea guvernării peste partide: (1931–2)

4476:

Sorin Arhire, "Politica externă a României 1920–1940 (II)", in

3045:

Czech and Hungarian Minority Policy in Central Europe 1918–1938

2486:

Vechile blazoane vorbesc. Obiecte armoriate din colecții ieșene

4828:

The Soviets, the Munich Crisis, and the Coming of World War II

4151:

Anuarul Institutului de Istorie George Barițiu din Cluj-Napoca

3723:; Petrescu, pp. 343–346; Ragsdale & Trommer, pp. 55, 77–78 2672: 590:

verse, it received a lukewarm review from the staff critic at

560: 5951:

Permanent representatives of Romania to the League of Nations

4711:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

2905: 2903: 2588:

Philippe-Emmanuel Glaser, "Petite Chronique des Lettres", in

4809:, Vol. III. Bucharest: Fundația Europeană Titulescu, 2012. 2881:, p. 341. Bucharest: Editura Librăriei Stănciulescu, 1920. 1739:

Comnen was highly critical of Poland's participation in the

646:

Studiu asupra intervențiunii statului între capital și muncă

4766:

Kosta St. Pavlowitch, "Roumanie-Allemagne (1936–1941)", in

1870:, Comnen also found himself at odds with Carol's courtier, 1305:'s battle flag, returned to Romania by Petrescu-Comnen and 1086:

introduced their own opt-out objections to the Convention.

302:, proposing political settlements that would have made the 3891:

Boisdron, pp. 79–84; Moisuc, pp. 285–286; Petrescu, p. 343

2085:("Anarchy, Dictatorship or International Organization"). 1763:

The Polish–Romanian alliance was also threatened by warm

696:

Although Petrescu showed himself to be staunchly against

270:

diplomat, politician and social scientist, who served as

2778: 2776: 1712:

Comnen hosted the Little Entente leaders at a summit in

1242:, he could solve another major dispute, surrounding the 4335:, "Reviews of Books. Second World War and Its Origins. 2468: 2466: 757:("Notes on the Romanian War"), he complained about the 416:. Again dispatched to the Holy See, he was sacked by a 3990:

Mareș, pp. 93–102, 301, 306, 309–310, 372–374, 395–405

2652:

E. Delaroche, "Le Monde & la Ville. Mariages", in

1312:

Even from Italy, Petrescu-Comnen closely observed the

1022:. Despite PNL protests and support from the far-right 769:. Comnen also contributed an ethnographic overview of 4511:, Vol. XXIX, Issue 3, October 1949, pp. 301–309. 4305:

Pandrea & Ursu, p. 25; Petrescu, pp. 348–349, 353

3824:

Politica României față de Germania între 1936 și 1940

3600: 3598: 3596: 3326:"Diplomația României față în față cu Reich-ul nazist" 990:); throughout these separate terms, he was active on 700:, his wife, Antoinette von Benedek, may have been of 643:("Some Musings on Socialism and Its Results", 1909), 4800:

Analele Universității din Oradea. Istorie—Arheologie

4628:

Alexandru Iacovachi, "Amintirile unui om liber", in

4399: 4397: 4395: 4021:

Petrescu, pp. 345–346; Prisăcaru (2012), pp. 186–188

2879:

Românii la Budapesta, II. În capitala lui Bella Kuhn

2082:

Anarchie, dictature ou l'organisation internationale

1249:

Comnen and his family became close friends with the

5749: 5681: 5333: 5174: 5111: 5012: 4971: 4953: 4719:

Bánffy Miklós. Emlékkonferencia: 2013. december 18.

4687:

Memorii. Vol. VII: Sinuciderea partidelor: (1932–8)

3612: 3610: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3111: 3109: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2575: 2573: 2292:, he was again the subject of public scrutiny: his 1558:and thus a "great friend of Hitlerian Germany", as 1482:as a friend of Germany in the cabinet, on par with 1419:Over the following months, the rise of the fascist 1246:, but that his government overseers never let him. 1038:and, in 1920, had played a role in negotiating the 868:. By then, Comnen had befriended Lansing's nephew, 835:. While in Paris, he published the bilingual atlas 728:, initially as a noted campaigner for the cause of 724:Petrescu-Comnen's career took an upward turn after 527:

Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George

218: 210: 202: 190: 178: 158: 142: 137: 123: 93: 83: 73: 55: 32: 27:

Romanian diplomat, politician, and social scientist

4168:Studia Universitatis Petru Maior. Series Historica 4164:România–Vatican. Relații Diplomatice, I, 1920–1950 3137:, Vol. V, pp. 196–206. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2010. 2386: 2384: 2382: 2316:National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania 1529:. One of Comnen's first actions was to inform the 1345:, approaching various factions represented in the 1114:. However, they convinced the Norwegian inspector 864:, who kept him as an adviser during meetings with 6176:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania 4229: 4227: 4030:Radu Moțoc, "O inițiere în istoria gravurii", in 1647:, this exposes as false the claims publicized by 1454:Comnen went on to serve as undersecretary of the 4582:, pp. 48–56. Tîrgu-Mureș: Arhipelag XXI, 2015. 4556:, "A View From Warsaw", in Maya Latynski (ed.), 2985: 2983: 2981: 2762:, "Rapports verbaux et communications diverses. 1703:German attempts to seize control over the Danube 1146:, who lectured to an international public about 777:), just as the region was being absorbed into a 389:, during which Comnen worked to preserve both a 4705:, Vol. 6, Issue 7, December 1938, pp. 6–9. 4663:. Bucharest: Editura Națională Ciornei, 1939. 3429:Revista Română pentru Studii Baltice și Nordice 2415:. p. 352. Bucharest: New Europe College, 2000. 2398: 2396: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2310:. The Comnen house, heavily damaged during the 2088:Choosing to remain in exile to Italy after the 2067:Committee, and founded an exile section of the 1984:. By April 1940, he was allegedly contacted by 1846:Comnen also spearheaded a project to encourage 1736:, to lose his temper on at least one occasion. 1679:in blue, with Carpatho-Ukraine shaded; in red, 1333:"naive and sincere, still learning the ropes." 831:, and was later one of Romania's envoys to the 6206:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques 6186:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) 4676:. Vălenii de Munte: Datina Românească, 1939. 4661:Memorii. Vol. IV: Încoronarea și boala regelui 4194:, Vol. 13, Issue 4, December 1970, pp. 767–788 4162:Georgeta Fodor, "Recenzii și note de lectură. 3501:Communication, Context and Interdisciplinarity 1988:, and through him informed US foreign policy. 1122:, once the latter had appealed to the League. 712:. They were married on August 4, 1912, at the 658: 644: 638: 632: 626: 509:During that period, he changed his surname to 6196:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown 6151:The Hague Academy of International Law people 6141:Academic staff of the University of Bucharest 6126:Romanian people of the Hungarian–Romanian War 5152: 4930: 4739:. Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor, 2010. 4010:Document. Buletinul Arhivelor Militare Române 3719:Arhire, pp. 349–350; Dreyfus, p. 348; Mareș, 3512:Vițalaru, p. 351. See also Pavlowitch, p. 240 2430: 2428: 2183: 2134: 2128: 2118: 2108: 2102: 946:moved in, he still expressed his belief that 689:Coat of arms used by Petrescu-Comnen's family 490:the country's future statesmen and scholars: 8: 6201:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta 5926:National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians 5921:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania) 4616:Centre national de la recherche scientifique 3477:, Vol. XI, Issue 525, February 1937, pp. 8–9 2293: 2150:. He joined Gafencu in cooperating with the 2080: 1324:, was "nonexistent". The establishment of a 839: 812:and established a working relationship with 752: 746: 581: 530: 266:; August 24, 1881 – December 8, 1958) was a 4770:, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 1974, pp. 237–261. 4753:, Vol. 54, Issue 3, 1982, pp. 277–293. 4714:, Vol. 23, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 534–566. 3025:, Vol. 35, Issue 2, April 2000, pp. 227–230 2011:, on a vineyard which had once belonged to 621:award, and special praise from the scholar 5159: 5145: 5137: 4937: 4923: 4915: 4612:Les Relations franco-allemandes: 1933–1939 3813:Bregman, pp. 307–309; Cienciala, pp. 96–97 3759:Davidson, p. 203. See also Bregman, p. 308 3075: 3073: 2708:, p. 144. Munich: Jon Dumitru-Verlag, 1981 2039:Like many other diplomats who favored the 963:, would have also reigned as Ferdinand VI 29: 4906:Works by or about Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen 4558:The Munich Pact: Continental Perspectives 3081:Maghiarii din România și etica minoritară 2697: 2695: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2488:, p. 126. Iași: Palatul Culturii, 2014. 2480: 2478: 2413:The New Europe College Yearbook 1996–1997 1374:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 816:. Eventually settling with his family in 4869:Demeter B. Rostovsky, Norman L. Forter, 4221:Petrescu, p. 347; Vițalaru, pp. 347, 353 3822:Ionel Sîrbu, "Recenzii. Rebecca Haynes, 3553:Arhire, p. 293; Prisăcaru (2012), p. 181 2998:Petrescu, p. 335; Vițalaru, pp. 347, 348 2949:Vițalaru, p. 347. See also Potra, p. 607 2868:Petrescu, pp. 334, 352; Vițalaru, p. 347 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2666: 2664: 2648: 2646: 2535: 2533: 1922: 1854:and accepted on behalf of government by 1658: 1297: 1150:topics and "imperialism in the Orient". 337:. His activity centered on debilitating 317:Comnen returned to serve briefly in the 6116:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church 6091:Romanian book and manuscript collectors 5916:Ministers of foreign affairs of Romania 5086:(Agriculture, Domains and Cooperatives) 4689:. Bucharest: Datina Românească, 1939. 4203:Petrescu, pp. 346–347; Vițalaru, p. 352 3392:Potra, pp. 209–210, 311–313; Rosenberg 3181:, Vol. 4, Issue 1, November 1999, p. 92 2930: 2928: 2618:Petrescu, pp. 332–333; Vițalaru, p. 347 2326: 2096:and lectured in particular against the 1976:with obtaining Italian backing for the 1058:as a safeguard, personally befriending 586:("Once upon a Time", 1904). Comprising 6191:Grand Crosses of the Order of George I 5956:Ambassadors of Romania to the Holy See 5104:(Labour, Health and Social Protection) 3741:Arhire, pp. 349–350; Carley, pp. 59–60 1425:problematic elections of December 1937 1163:The Hague Academy of International Law 521:(he also claimed to be related to the 5966:Ambassadors of Romania to Switzerland 4894:, Vols. V–VI, 2007, pp. 346–354. 4873:. Manchester: Ayer Publishing, 1971. 4349:, Vol. 26, Issue 2, 1950, pp. 234–235 2770:, Vol. 78, Issue 7, 1918, pp. 404–405 2023:governed alone. From his new home in 1494:, and, in February 1938, drafted its 1433:funerals of Ion Moța and Vasile Marin 732:; he was also tasked with explaining 602:noted his "strange conference" about 241: 7: 4560:, pp. 79–101. Washington etc.: 4077:, Issues 442–443, January 2015, p. 7 2092:, Petrescu-Comnen spoke out against 1850:, a draft of which was presented by 1226:, attempting to settle the issue of 841:La terre roumaine a travers les âges 473:further argues that Petrescu was of 69:May 1938 – January 31, 1939 6211:Recipients of the Benemerenti medal 6156:Romanian expatriates in Switzerland 4887:, Vol. VII, 2015, pp. 181–216. 4802:, Vol. XVI, 2006, pp. 121–132. 4795:, Vol. XIV, 2002, pp. 331–355. 4478:Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 2603:Sales, "La Semaine Dramatique", in 2561:"Homagiu marelui român Vulcan", in 2552:, Atelier LiterNet, August 18, 2010 2519:"SOS București. O casă de ministru" 1811:, organizing the exhibit of German 1741:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 243:[nikoˈla.epeˈtreskukomˈnen] 119:March 1922 – July 10, 1923 4314:Petrescu, p. 351; Vițalaru, p. 348 3732:Cienciala, p. 96; Petrescu, p. 344 2922:Petrescu, p. 334; Vițalaru, p. 347 2631:, Issue 4 (14), 2016, pp. 178, 179 2333:Petrescu, p. 331; Vițalaru, p. 347 1848:a mass emigration of Romanian Jews 1799:Romania closer to Germany and the 1476:, but continued to be seen by the 1234:, a Soviet diplomat who served as 1230:. As early as 1927, he approached 1097:. One effort, which also involved 881:union of Transylvania with Romania 637:("Work-related Accidents", 1907), 613:(1905). The latter earned him the 25: 5961:Ambassadors of Romania to Germany 5092:(Public Works and Communications) 4948:(2 February 1938 – 30 March 1938) 4779:Central European University Press 4480:, Vol. 4, 2012, pp. 285–318. 4436:Pandrea & Ursu, pp. 23–24, 25 3199:Ragsdale & Trommer, pp. 55–57 2807:, Nr. 708, September–October 2003 1868:Order of St Michael and St George 1044:International Labour Organization 1024:National-Christian Defense League 657:who fully embraced unionization. 513:, thus claiming lineage from the 108:November 1919 – May 1920 6111:Romanian people of Greek descent 6056:20th-century Romanian memoirists 5981:20th-century Romanian historians 4634:, November 1993, pp. 14–18. 4518:. Timișoara: Eurostampa, 2011. 4487:, Vol. 1, pp. 69–86. Pécs: 4012:, Vol. XVI, Issue 3, 2013, p. 43 3936:Mareș, pp. 78, 335, 366–368, 377 3656:Maffei, p. 545; Petrescu, p. 346 2298:was translated and published by 1628:were few and poorly maintained. 1276:Romanian Roman Catholic churches 970:Petrescu-Comnen soon joined the 785:, who presented the work at the 761:"sacrificing Romania" after the 682: 670: 363:, and a sudden deterioration of 40: 6131:Romanian people of World War II 4823:, Nr. 3/2012, pp. 181–188. 4532:, Vol. 3, 1958, pp. 59–75. 4371:, Vol. II, Issue 8, 1997, p. 31 4296:Petrescu, p. 348; Potra, p. 608 3022:Journal of Contemporary History 2828:"Primera derrota del comunismo" 2750:, Vol. 8, Issue 6, 1933, p. 512 2548:Brâncuși. Pravila de la Craiova 2152:European Movement International 1997:Soviet occupation of Bessarabia 1675:and the other countries of the 1155:Ambassador to the United States 875:At this stage, the collapse of 6136:University of Bucharest alumni 6121:Romanian people of World War I 6001:Historians of Jews and Judaism 4892:Acta Moldaviae Septentrionalis 4777:, pp. 121–198. Budapest: 4721:, pp. 119–158. Budapest: 4566:Johns Hopkins University Press 4043:Trașcă & Grad, pp. 193–196 3431:, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2010, p. 43 2244:; as well as Commander of the 1698:Italian annexation of Ethiopia 611:history of the Jews in Romania 544:, a name later corrupted into 1: 5971:20th-century Romanian lawyers 5683:Socialist Republic of Romania 4826:Hugh Ragsdale, Aage Trommer, 4763:, March 1983, pp. 22–25. 3710:Prisăcaru (2012), pp. 181–182 3381:Studii și Articole de Istorie 3208:Pandrea & Ursu, pp. 23–24 3190:Ragsdale & Trommer, p. 55 3179:Lithuanian Historical Studies 3067:, Vol. LXXVI, 2010, pp. 56–57 3065:Studii și Articole de Istorie 2609:, No. 3340, June 1905, p. 365 810:Czechoslovak National Council 453:Nicolae Petrescu was born in 385:. A full crisis followed the 345:. As Romania's ambassador to 319:Romanian Assembly of Deputies 6096:Romanian patrons of the arts 5168:Foreign Ministers of Romania 5062:(Religious Affairs and Arts) 4821:Gândirea Militară Românească 4598:University of Missouri Press 4594:The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler 2742:Le Drame roumain (1916–1918) 2295:Notes sur la guerre roumaine 2261:Ordre des Palmes Académiques 2208:Order of the Star of Romania 2182:) and the historical review 2090:Soviet occupation of Romania 1408:'s battle flag, used in the 1185:. The commission, headed by 754:Notes sur la guerre roumaine 567:was carried by the magazine 6161:Romanian emigrants to Italy 6076:20th-century Romanian poets 2766:, de M. N. P. Comnène", in 2676:] Art at Maryhill", in 2290:Romanian Revolution of 1989 2266:House Order of Hohenzollern 2242:Order of the Yugoslav Crown 2238:Order of the Crown of Italy 2049:Romanian National Committee 1829:Governorate of Subcarpathia 1771:, Comnen tried to persuade 1251:Apostolic Nuncio to Germany 1103:Alexandru C. Constantinescu 930:cabinet, with support from 887:, in which Romania faced a 726:Romania entered World War I 430:Romanian National Committee 272:Minister of Foreign Affairs 57:Foreign Minister of Romania 6227: 6146:University of Paris alumni 6066:Romanian writers in French 6011:Historians of World War II 4832:Cambridge University Press 4610:François-Georges Dreyfus, 4516:Jurnalul unui preot bătrân 3418:Petrescu, pp. 338, 339–340 3159:Cambridge University Press 3157:, p. 100. Cambridge etc.: 2306:series, with a preface by 2230:Saxe-Ernestine House Order 2133:to be the better work: in 1835:with Hungary, noting that 1730:Hungary's Foreign Minister 1673:post-Munich Czechoslovakia 1527:National Renaissance Front 1466:. He was described in the 1449:British–Romanian relations 1416:, be returned to Romania. 1294:Ambassador to Nazi Germany 1030:Geneva and Weimar Republic 1020:Socialist Party of Romania 837:Roumania through the Ages. 751:, and with tracts such as 714:Russian Cathedral of Paris 631:("The 8-hour Day", 1906), 6006:Historians of World War I 5884: 5112:Undersecretaries of State 4723:Hungarian Academy of Arts 4648:Editura Națională Ciornei 4596:. Columbia & London: 4337:Preludi del grande dramma 4233:Pandrea & Ursu, p. 25 3690:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3405:Potra, p. 210; Rosenberg 3383:, Vol. LXXVI, 2010, p. 70 2799:"Istrati în Elveția (II)" 2717:Pandrea & Ursu, p. 24 2567:, Nr. 25–26, 1904, p. 303 2314:, was inscribed into the 2104:Preludi del grande dramma 2051:(RNC)—alongside Gafencu, 2017:civil war of January 1941 1969:German invasion of Poland 1958:Palace of Castel Gandolfo 1916:would send a squadron to 1860:League of Nations mandate 1224:Romanian–Soviet relations 1074:, which they viewed as a 948:Hungary–Romania relations 889:Hungarian Soviet Republic 808:. He also approached the 720:World War I and aftermath 373:, helped "liquidate" the 365:Romanian–Soviet relations 286:, his publicizing of the 228: 133: 112: 101: 62: 51: 39: 6101:Diplomats from Bucharest 6071:Italian-language writers 5946:Romanian anti-communists 5931:League of Nations people 4857:Rowman & Littlefield 4530:Canadian Slavonic Papers 4343:, by N. P. Comnène", in 4333:Carlile Aylmer Macartney 4153:, Vol. LVI, 2017, p. 328 3830:, Issue 10, 2004, p. 306 3795:Prisăcaru (2012), p. 184 2747:Revue d'Histoire Moderne 2438:, Nr. 2/2008, pp. 99–100 2185:Luci e ombre sull'Europa 2125:Carlile Aylmer Macartney 2073:Allied invasion of Italy 1991:Hungary's annexation of 1884:National Peasants' Party 1765:Hungary–Poland relations 1546:and her introduction of 1456:Foreign Affairs Ministry 1441:National Christian Party 1040:Polish–Romanian alliance 740:in exile, in particular 367:. Comnen recognized the 214:Diplomat, academic, poet 6106:Nobility from Bucharest 6086:Romanian art collectors 6041:Romanian male essayists 5180:Principality of Romania 5119:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen 4807:Pro și contra Titulescu 4751:Revue des Études Slaves 4535:Michael Jabara Carley, 4503:"Munich in Perspective" 4113:Pavlowitch, pp. 241–242 4032:Confluențe Bibliologice 2836:, March 16, 1957, p. 13 2764:La Dobrogea (Dobroudja) 2312:1977 Vrancea earthquake 2210:, a Grand Cross of the 2065:International Red Cross 1900:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 1777:Polish Foreign Minister 1535:French Foreign Ministry 1393:public anti-Catholicism 1266:a quick recognition of 1004:Democratic Nationalists 996:Romanian National Party 677:Petrescu-Comnen in 1910 479:University of Bucharest 298:, he was dispatched to 280:University of Bucharest 239:Romanian pronunciation: 235:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen 46:Petrescu-Comnen in 1938 34:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen 6051:Romanian propagandists 6036:20th-century essayists 6031:Romanian ethnographers 5991:Romanian legal writers 5976:Lawyers from Bucharest 4989:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 4871:The Roumanian Handbook 4418:, February 2001, p. 39 4191:The Historical Journal 4170:, Vol. 7, 2007, p. 331 3963:Mareș, pp. 65, 362–363 3954:Cienciala, pp. 100–101 3882:, Issue 2, June 1999, 3503:, Vol. 3, 2015, p. 317 3449:Petrescu, pp. 341, 354 2680:, March 25, 1998, p. 3 2658:, August 4, 1912, p. 3 2606:Le Journal du Dimanche 2594:, April 15, 1904, p. 3 2527:, Nr. 393, August 2011 2460:, Vol. V, 2007, p. 138 2294: 2200:Danube–Black Sea Canal 2184: 2167:. The following year, 2135: 2129: 2119: 2109: 2103: 2098:Danubian Confederation 2081: 1952: 1817:reduced Czechoslovakia 1688: 1637:Czechoslovak Air Force 1633:Germany's Air Minister 1531:British Foreign Office 1439:and his Nazi-oriented 1363:Konstantin von Neurath 1309: 976:November 1919 election 972:National Liberal Party 897:Alftred Windisch-Grätz 885:Hungarian–Romanian War 862:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 840: 833:Paris Peace Conference 820:, he was delegated to 753: 747: 734:Romania's capitulation 659: 645: 639: 634:Accidente profesionale 633: 628:Ziua de 8 ore de muncă 627: 599:Le Journal du Dimanche 582: 531: 397:. He tacitly gave the 308:Byzantine aristocratic 296:Paris Peace Conference 206:Antoinette von Benedek 197:National Liberal Party 6061:Romanian male writers 6021:Romanian sociologists 5936:Romanian nationalists 5176:United Principalities 5090:Constantin Anghelescu 5084:Constantin Argetoianu 4999:Constantin Anghelescu 4946:First Cristea cabinet 4562:Woodrow Wilson Center 4489:Pécsi Tudományegyetem 4454:Petrescu, pp. 353–354 4445:Petrescu, pp. 352–354 4380:Petrescu, pp. 350–351 4358:Petrescu, pp. 350–352 4346:International Affairs 4323:Petrescu, pp. 349–350 4260:Petrescu, pp. 347–348 4131:Vițalaru, pp. 351–352 4034:, Nr. 3–4/2009, p. 91 3869:, May 14, 1938, p. 21 3750:Davidson, pp. 202–203 3692:release, May 10, 1938 3575:Petrescu, pp. 342–343 3440:Petrescu, pp. 340–341 3235:Vițalaru, pp. 349–350 3007:Petrescu, pp. 335–336 2782:Petrescu, pp. 333–334 2706:Amintiri politice, II 2670:"Roumanian [ 2472:Petrescu, pp. 331–332 2304:Editura Enciclopedică 2268:, and a recipient of 2246:Order of the Redeemer 2113:("The Culprits"), at 2071:. In 1943, after the 2001:Iron Guard government 1993:Northern Transylvania 1951:in red (1939 borders) 1926: 1827:produced a Hungarian 1789:Hungarian irredentism 1754:Slovak People's Party 1662: 1649:Soviet historiography 1488:Constantin Argetoianu 1349:. In May, he invited 1343:Hungarian irredentism 1301: 1018:influence inside the 698:Hungarian nationalism 660:Câteva considerațiuni 619:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 438:pan-European identity 424:, a supporter of the 391:Czechoslovakian state 339:Hungarian irredentism 5941:Romanian monarchists 5054:(National Education) 4508:The Dalhousie Review 4339:, by N. P. Comnène; 4287:Petraru, pp. 127–128 4095:Iacovachi, pp. 14–15 4074:Realitatea Evreiască 3474:Realitatea Ilustrată 3469:Realitatea Ilustrată 2760:Georges Lacour-Gayet 2308:Jean-Claude Périsset 2280:Communist censorship 2274:Maryhill, Washington 2254:, an Officer of the 2214:, an Officer of the 1986:Myron Charles Taylor 1841:Romanians in Hungary 1837:Romania's Hungarians 1429:Ambassador Fabricius 1284:Greek-Rite Catholics 1257:. Comnen's stint in 1220:territorial conflict 1099:Constantin Angelescu 1080:Kazimierz Sosnkowski 984:Assembly of Deputies 883:; it also sparked a 783:Georges Lacour-Gayet 651:local labor movement 500:Dimitrie Drăghicescu 96:Assembly of Deputies 6171:History of Florence 6166:Red Cross personnel 6026:Sociologists of law 6016:Romanian economists 4501:Alexander Bregman, 3927:Moisuc, pp. 286–287 3900:Boisdron, pp. 80–82 3866:The West Australian 3854:, May 2, 1938, p. 8 3768:Moisuc, pp. 290–291 3701:Arhire, pp. 293–294 3647:Maffei, pp. 541–545 3362:Florin Constantiniu 3358:Cristian Popișteanu 3331:Observator Cultural 2678:The Othello Outlook 2169:Constantin Vișoianu 2156:European federation 2053:Dimitrie Dimăncescu 2013:Niccolò Machiavelli 1982:Second Vienna Award 1931:members, joined by 1906:, a journalist for 1833:population exchange 1787:were preferable to 1726:Salonika agreements 1683:and her supporter, 1665:Carpathian Ruthenia 1655:Crumbling alliances 1626:Carpathian Ruthenia 1588:in recognizing the 1458:, which was led by 1391:), by the regime's 1175:Dobrujan Bulgarians 1167:Kingdom of Bulgaria 974:(PNL), and, in the 653:, showing him as a 532:Petrescu-Quand même 483:University of Paris 418:Guardist government 412:—and replaced with 403:Carpathian Ruthenia 375:Abyssinian question 223:Petrescu-Quand même 6046:Romanian essayists 5751:Romania since 1989 5554:Ion I. C. Brătianu 5502:Ion I. C. Brătianu 5481:Ion I. C. Brătianu 5461:Ion I. C. Brătianu 5435:Ion I. C. Brătianu 5335:Kingdom of Romania 5274:Calimachi-Catargiu 5259:Calimachi-Catargiu 5127:(National Defence) 5121:(External Affairs) 5034:(External Affairs) 5031:Gheorghe Tătărescu 5004:Gheorghe Tătărescu 4979:Alexandru Averescu 4972:Ministers of State 4179:Mareș, pp. 197–198 4104:Mareș, pp. 413–414 4086:Cîrstea, pp. 51–52 3918:Mareș, pp. 310–311 3604:Pavlowitch, p. 241 3370:, June 1987, p. 24 3257:, pp. 206, 220–221 3153:Stephen G. Gross, 2940:, July 1971, p. 25 2689:Pavlowitch, p. 240 2365:Noti Constantinide 2258:, a Knight of the 2216:Order of the Crown 2154:(also advancing a 2069:Romanian Red Cross 1995:, preceded by the 1965:German–Soviet Pact 1953: 1825:First Vienna Award 1781:Northern Maramureș 1745:Milan Stojadinović 1689: 1484:Alexandru Averescu 1469:Journal des Débats 1460:Gheorghe Tătărescu 1431:' presence at the 1412:and discovered in 1406:Șerban Cantacuzino 1355:Constantin Karadja 1339:German re-armament 1310: 1307:Constantin Karadja 1303:Șerban Cantacuzino 1128:Kingdom of Hungary 1070:against a hostile 926:In September, the 909:Hungarian Republic 829:Ion I. C. Brătianu 802:Constantin Flondor 763:October Revolution 519:Byzantine Emperors 471:Noti Constantinide 153:Kingdom of Romania 5893: 5892: 5888: 5887:* denotes interim 5799:Popescu-Tăriceanu 5663:Niculescu-Buzești 5208:Papadopol-Calimah 5203:Rosetti-Bălănescu 5134: 5133: 4865:978-1-4422-5167-0 4851:, Frank Bajohr), 4815:978-606-8091-13-6 4787:978-0-9859433-0-1 4745:978-973-8369-84-9 4731:978-615-5464-02-7 4592:Eugene Davidson, 4588:978-606-8624-21-1 4554:Anna M. Cienciala 4549:978-1-56663-785-5 4524:978-606-569-311-1 4514:Nicolae Brînzeu, 4497:978-2-918783-07-7 4369:Dosarele Istoriei 3981:Budurowycz, p. 62 3828:Codrul Cosminului 3590:, May 1973, p. 83 3167:978-1-107-53148-2 3143:978-606-8030-84-5 3053:978-80-86495-54-5 2826:Jorge Uscătescu, 2795:Mircea Iorgulescu 2494:978-606-8547-02-2 2270:Benemerenti medal 2251:Polonia Restituta 2234:Order of George I 2127:, who also found 2005:Ioan Victor Vojen 1935:and protected by 1888:Dimitrie I. Ghika 1852:Wilhelm Filderman 1813:old master prints 1645:Anna M. Cienciala 1614:Soviet Air Forces 1560:Foreign Secretary 1554:, a proponent of 1544:Danube Commission 1510:and Munich Crisis 1244:Romanian Treasure 1240:Gustav Stresemann 1173:violence against 1095:ethnic minorities 1091:Nicolae Titulescu 1048:League of Nations 1012:Interior Minister 583:Il était une fois 492:Nicolae Titulescu 459:Romanian Orthodox 434:Communist Romania 428:and agent of the 399:Soviet Air Forces 327:League of Nations 310:descent from the 304:Treaty of Trianon 232: 231: 16:(Redirected from 6218: 5996:Labor historians 5986:Legal historians 5886: 5161: 5154: 5147: 5138: 5080:(Air and Marine) 5070:National Defence 5020:Armand Călinescu 4939: 4932: 4925: 4916: 4910:Internet Archive 4885:Archiva Moldaviæ 4845:Alfred Rosenberg 4464: 4463:Vițalaru, p. 354 4461: 4455: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4427:Petrescu, p. 354 4425: 4419: 4410: 4404: 4403:Petrescu, p. 352 4401: 4390: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4350: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4278:Vițalaru, p. 347 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4252: 4251:Petrescu, p. 347 4249: 4243: 4242:Vițalaru, p. 353 4240: 4234: 4231: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4186: 4180: 4177: 4171: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4140:Vițalaru, p. 352 4138: 4132: 4129: 4123: 4122:Iacovachi, p. 15 4120: 4114: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4013: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3876: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3693: 3681: 3675: 3674:Pop, pp. 124–125 3672: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3639: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3617: 3616:Petrescu, p. 346 3614: 3605: 3602: 3591: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3544:Petrescu, p. 342 3542: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3521:Vițalaru, p. 351 3519: 3513: 3510: 3504: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3465: 3459: 3458:Iacovachi, p. 14 3456: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3390: 3384: 3377: 3371: 3354: 3348: 3341: 3335: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3226:Petrescu, p. 337 3224: 3218: 3217:Vițalaru, p. 349 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3169: 3151: 3145: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3116: 3115:Petrescu, p. 336 3113: 3104: 3097: 3091: 3077: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3041: 3035: 3034:Potra, pp. 72–78 3032: 3026: 3014: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2976: 2969: 2963: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2907: 2898: 2895: 2889: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2859:Petrescu, p. 334 2857: 2846: 2843: 2837: 2825: 2821: 2808: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2771: 2757: 2751: 2738: 2732: 2731:Petrescu, p. 333 2729: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2699: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2668: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2640:Petrescu, p. 332 2638: 2632: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2610: 2601: 2595: 2586: 2580: 2579:Petrescu, p. 331 2577: 2568: 2559: 2553: 2541: 2537: 2528: 2513: 2509: 2496: 2482: 2473: 2470: 2461: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2432: 2423: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2391: 2390:Vițalaru, p. 348 2388: 2377: 2363: 2359: 2334: 2331: 2297: 2187: 2148:Communist regime 2138: 2132: 2122: 2112: 2106: 2084: 1939:. In black, the 1892:Victor Antonescu 1872:Ernest Urdăreanu 1864:Vasile Grigorcea 1809:Marie of Romania 1785:Carpatho-Ukraine 1669:Carpatho-Ukraine 1595:Munich Agreement 1548:antisemitic laws 1502:Ministerial term 1367:Alfred Rosenberg 1314:Great Depression 1236:Foreign Minister 1060:Benito Mussolini 1056:Kingdom of Italy 1052:Locarno Treaties 879:had ensured the 858:Romanian Kingdom 843: 787:Romanian Academy 779:Greater Bulgaria 767:Russian Republic 756: 750: 686: 674: 662: 648: 642: 636: 630: 615:Romanian Academy 585: 534: 387:Munich Agreement 323:National Liberal 288:Greater Romanian 264:Nicolae Petrescu 256:Petrescu-Comnène 252:Petresco-Comnène 245: 240: 165: 162:December 8, 1958 138:Personal details 117: 106: 67: 44: 30: 21: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6081:Symbolist poets 5896: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5880: 5745: 5677: 5622:Petrescu-Comnen 5368:Ion C. Brătianu 5329: 5178: 5170: 5165: 5135: 5130: 5125:Paul Teodorescu 5107: 5045:Mircea Cancicov 5038:Mircea Cancicov 5008: 4984:Artur Văitoianu 4967: 4949: 4943: 4902: 4897: 4849:Jürgen Matthäus 4847:(contributors: 4793:Muzeul Național 4761:Magazin Istoric 4735:Nicolae Mareș, 4703:Danubian Review 4631:Magazin Istoric 4472: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4415:Magazin Istoric 4411: 4407: 4402: 4393: 4389:Petraru, p. 156 4388: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4212:Brînzeu, p. 372 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4161: 4157: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3886: 3880:Steaua Dobrogei 3877: 3873: 3862: 3858: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3665:Dreyfus, p. 343 3664: 3660: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3642: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3603: 3594: 3587:Magazin Istoric 3583: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3481: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3404: 3400: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3374: 3367:Magazin Istoric 3355: 3351: 3342: 3338: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3304: 3300: 3291: 3287: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3261: 3252: 3248: 3244:Brînzeu, p. 332 3243: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3176: 3172: 3152: 3148: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3098: 3094: 3078: 3071: 3062: 3058: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2966: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2937:Magazin Istoric 2933: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2908: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2823: 2822: 2811: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2758: 2754: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2700: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2669: 2662: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2602: 2598: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2560: 2556: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2511: 2510: 2499: 2483: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2426: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2380: 2361: 2360: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2285:Magazin Istoric 2212:Order For Merit 2165:Nicolae Rădescu 2037: 1974:Şükrü Saracoğlu 1904:Grigore Gafencu 1896:Istrate Micescu 1880: 1821:Hungarian areas 1758:Cernăuți County 1718:Ioannis Metaxas 1657: 1585:Romanian Jewish 1581:Tripartite Pact 1512: 1504: 1479:Auswärtiges Amt 1472:as primarily a 1410:Siege of Vienna 1401:Summer Olympics 1296: 1272:King of Romania 1255:Eugenio Pacelli 1036:Polish Republic 1032: 1008:Nicolae L. Lupu 1000:Peasants' Party 980:Durostor County 961:King of Romania 928:Artur Văitoianu 877:Austria-Hungary 730:Greater Romania 722: 694: 693: 692: 691: 690: 687: 679: 678: 675: 511:Petrescu-Comnen 451: 446: 414:Grigore Gafencu 238: 192: 191:Other political 179:Political party 167: 163: 147: 146:August 24, 1881 128:Durostor County 118: 113: 107: 102: 68: 63: 47: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6224: 6222: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5755: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Iacob Lahovary 5443: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5182: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5102:Ion Costinescu 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5073: 5063: 5059:Victor Iamandi 5055: 5052:Victor Iamandi 5049: 5041: 5035: 5027: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4955:Prime Minister 4951: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4934: 4927: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4901: 4900:External links 4898: 4896: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4867: 4842: 4824: 4817: 4805:George Potra, 4803: 4796: 4789: 4771: 4768:Balkan Studies 4764: 4754: 4747: 4733: 4715: 4706: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4684: 4671: 4658: 4635: 4626: 4608: 4590: 4576: 4551: 4533: 4526: 4512: 4499: 4481: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4405: 4391: 4382: 4373: 4360: 4351: 4341:I Responsabili 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4181: 4172: 4155: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4054: 4052:Kenéz, pp. 8–9 4045: 4036: 4023: 4014: 4001: 3992: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3947: 3945:Moisuc, p. 292 3938: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3871: 3856: 3841: 3839:Cîrstea, p. 51 3832: 3815: 3806: 3804:Moisuc, p. 291 3797: 3788: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3752: 3743: 3734: 3725: 3712: 3703: 3694: 3676: 3667: 3658: 3649: 3640: 3627: 3618: 3606: 3592: 3577: 3568: 3555: 3546: 3532: 3530:Arhire, p. 293 3523: 3514: 3505: 3492: 3479: 3460: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3420: 3411: 3398: 3385: 3372: 3356:Mircea Mușat, 3349: 3336: 3322:Victor Neumann 3311: 3309:, pp. 311, 355 3298: 3285: 3272: 3259: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3192: 3183: 3170: 3146: 3126: 3117: 3105: 3103:, pp. 131, 222 3092: 3069: 3056: 3036: 3027: 3017:David R. Stone 3009: 3000: 2991: 2977: 2964: 2951: 2942: 2924: 2915: 2899: 2890: 2870: 2861: 2847: 2838: 2833:ABC de Sevilla 2809: 2784: 2772: 2752: 2733: 2719: 2710: 2691: 2682: 2660: 2642: 2633: 2620: 2611: 2596: 2581: 2569: 2554: 2529: 2515:Andrei Pippidi 2497: 2484:Sorin Iftimi, 2474: 2462: 2449: 2440: 2436:Caietele CNSAS 2424: 2404: 2392: 2378: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2221:Pour le Mérite 2190:Victory Square 2176:Rio de Janeiro 2161:Nicolae Malaxa 2136:I Responsabili 2110:I Responsabili 2036: 2033: 1879: 1876: 1805:George Oprescu 1694:Little Entente 1677:Little Entente 1656: 1653: 1618:Georges Bonnet 1606:Maxim Litvinov 1511: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1378:Aarne Wuorimaa 1359:Hermann Göring 1357:obtained from 1347:Hitler Cabinet 1322:Gheorghe Tașcă 1295: 1292: 1288:Onisifor Ghibu 1232:Maxim Litvinov 1132:Czechoslovakia 1107:Albert Apponyi 1031: 1028: 913:István Bethlen 901:Mihály Károlyi 893:Count Andrássy 866:Robert Lansing 850:Vasile Lucaciu 846:Panait Istrati 826:Prime Minister 759:Entente Powers 742:Aurel Popovici 738:Transylvanians 721: 718: 688: 681: 680: 676: 669: 668: 667: 666: 665: 655:social liberal 537:Andrei Pippidi 467:boyar nobility 461:, he was part- 450: 447: 445: 442: 395:Little Entente 331:Weimar Germany 230: 229: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 204: 200: 199: 194: 188: 187: 180: 176: 175: 166:(aged 77) 160: 156: 155: 144: 140: 139: 135: 134: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 110: 109: 99: 98: 94:Member of the 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 60: 59: 53: 52: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6223: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5451:Ioan Lahovary 5449: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5420:Ioan Lahovary 5418: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289:Ion Bălăceanu 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5162: 5157: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5096:Voicu Niţescu 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5077:Ion Antonescu 5074: 5071: 5067: 5066:Ion Antonescu 5064: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4994:Nicolae Iorga 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4963:Miron Cristea 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4928: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4917: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4880: 4879:0-405-02747-8 4876: 4872: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4840:0-521-83030-3 4837: 4833: 4830:. Cambridge: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4757:Petre Pandrea 4755: 4752: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4646:. Bucharest: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638:Nicolae Iorga 4636: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4624:2-222-01956-7 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4607: 4606:0-8262-1529-7 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4574:0-943875-39-0 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4460: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4062:(in Romanian) 4058: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3999:Mareș, p. 415 3996: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3786:Carley, p. 60 3783: 3780: 3777:Carley, p. 55 3774: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3747: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3653: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3638:, pp. 461–463 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3518: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3409:, pp. 62, 108 3408: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3319:(in Romanian) 3315: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3089:973-86239-1-X 3086: 3082: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2989:Potra, p. 608 2986: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2975:, pp. 364–365 2974: 2968: 2965: 2962:, pp. 349–350 2961: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2897:Major, p. 134 2894: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2877:Radu Cosmin, 2874: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2845:Major, p. 153 2842: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2792:(in Romanian) 2788: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2549: 2544: 2543:Petre Pandrea 2540:(in Romanian) 2536: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2512:(in Romanian) 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2421:973-98624-4-6 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2402:Potra, p. 607 2399: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2362:(in Romanian) 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2137: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2095: 2094:communization 2091: 2086: 2083: 2078: 2077:Ponte Vecchio 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2059:. Settled in 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2029:Magyarization 2026: 2022: 2021:Ion Antonescu 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1663:The issue of 1661: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641:Heliodor Píka 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564:Fedor Butenko 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523:Miron Cristea 1520: 1519: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:Octavian Goga 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1388:Kristallnacht 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1208:Dresdner Bank 1205: 1204:Deutsche Bank 1201: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1144:Nicolae Iorga 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1084:Dovas Zaunius 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 988:in March 1922 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 953:dual monarchy 949: 945: 944:National Army 941: 937: 936:Hotel Gellért 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 917:Miklós Bánffy 914: 911:. Comprising 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 856:yoke" of the 855: 851: 847: 842: 838: 834: 830: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 791:Bulgarization 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 755: 749: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 719: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 685: 673: 664: 661: 656: 652: 647: 641: 635: 629: 624: 623:A. D. Xenopol 620: 616: 612: 607: 605: 604:Albert Samain 601: 600: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 578: 572: 571: 566: 562: 557: 555: 554:Petre Pandrea 551: 547: 543: 538: 533: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 448: 443: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 371: 366: 362: 358: 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 294:. During the 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 276:Miron Cristea 273: 269: 265: 261: 260:N. P. Comnène 257: 253: 249: 244: 236: 227: 224: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 198: 195: 189: 186: 185: 181: 177: 174: 170: 161: 157: 154: 150: 145: 141: 136: 132: 129: 126: 122: 116: 111: 105: 100: 97: 92: 89: 88:Miron Cristea 86: 82: 79: 76: 72: 66: 61: 58: 54: 50: 43: 38: 31: 19: 5658:M. Antonescu 5652:I. Antonescu 5621: 5606:V. Antonescu 5585:Vaida-Voevod 5518:Vaida-Voevod 5315:Kogălniceanu 5299:Kogălniceanu 5253:Kogălniceanu 5118: 5075: 5057: 5043: 5029: 4891: 4884: 4870: 4852: 4827: 4820: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4750: 4736: 4718: 4709: 4702: 4686: 4673: 4660: 4643: 4629: 4611: 4593: 4579: 4557: 4536: 4529: 4515: 4506: 4484: 4477: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4413: 4408: 4385: 4376: 4368: 4363: 4354: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4189: 4184: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4150: 4145: 4136: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4082: 4072: 4065:Aurel Vainer 4057: 4048: 4039: 4031: 4026: 4017: 4009: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3887: 3879: 3874: 3864: 3859: 3849: 3844: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3728: 3720: 3715: 3706: 3697: 3684: 3679: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3643: 3636:Memorii, VII 3635: 3630: 3621: 3585: 3580: 3571: 3564:Memorii, VII 3563: 3558: 3549: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3500: 3495: 3488:Memorii, VII 3487: 3482: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3428: 3423: 3414: 3406: 3401: 3393: 3388: 3380: 3375: 3365: 3352: 3345:Memorii, VII 3344: 3339: 3329: 3314: 3306: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3280: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3254: 3249: 3240: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3178: 3173: 3154: 3149: 3134: 3129: 3120: 3100: 3095: 3080: 3064: 3059: 3044: 3039: 3030: 3020: 3012: 3003: 2994: 2972: 2967: 2959: 2954: 2945: 2935: 2918: 2910: 2893: 2878: 2873: 2864: 2841: 2831: 2824:(in Spanish) 2802: 2787: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2713: 2705: 2685: 2677: 2671: 2653: 2636: 2628: 2623: 2614: 2604: 2599: 2589: 2584: 2562: 2557: 2547: 2524:Dilema Veche 2522: 2485: 2457: 2452: 2443: 2435: 2412: 2407: 2374: 2369: 2329: 2283: 2278: 2259: 2249: 2226:German Eagle 2219: 2204: 2195:objets d'art 2193: 2173: 2145: 2140: 2087: 2063:, he led an 2047:on London's 2045:Viorel Tilea 2038: 1990: 1962: 1954: 1949:Soviet Union 1947:in blue and 1907: 1881: 1845: 1797: 1762: 1738: 1734:Kálmán Kánya 1711: 1707:Danube Delta 1690: 1630: 1610:Kamil Krofta 1599: 1589: 1578: 1567: 1552:Lord Halifax 1540: 1516: 1513: 1507: 1477: 1467: 1453: 1418: 1386: 1371: 1335: 1331:Adolf Hitler 1311: 1280: 1264:Pope Pius XI 1259:Vatican City 1248: 1197: 1190: 1152: 1124: 1120:Magyar Party 1088: 1072:Soviet Union 1033: 982:seat in the 969: 925: 874: 870:Allen Dulles 836: 814:Edvard Beneš 795: 774: 723: 695: 608: 597: 591: 574: 568: 565:Iosif Vulcan 558: 549: 545: 510: 508: 487:Ilfov County 452: 407: 368: 351: 347:Nazi Germany 343:Soviet Union 316: 263: 259: 255: 251: 234: 233: 222: 193:affiliations 182: 164:(1958-12-08) 124:Constituency 114: 103: 64: 5911:1958 deaths 5906:1881 births 5425:Marghiloman 5394:A. Lahovary 5384:A. Lahovary 5348:D. Brătianu 5198:I. G. Ghica 5193:Cantacuzino 4541:Ivan R. Dee 4539:. Chicago: 3909:Kenéz, p. 6 3625:Pop, p. 124 3396:, pp. 60–62 3307:Memorii, VI 3294:Memorii, VI 3281:Memorii, VI 3268:Memorii, VI 3255:Memorii, VI 3101:Memorii, IV 2973:Memorii, II 2960:Memorii, II 2911:Memorii, VI 2702:Ion G. Duca 2057:Ioan Pangal 2035:In Florence 1978:Balkan Pact 1941:Axis Powers 1929:Balkan Pact 1856:Mihai Ralea 1801:Axis Powers 1671:) in 1938: 1574:Great Purge 1556:appeasement 1492:Balkan Pact 1474:Francophile 1376:. In 1935, 1326:Nazi regime 1187:Wang Jingqi 1116:Erik Colban 1076:rogue state 1064:Dino Grandi 978:, he won a 957:Ferdinand I 932:Iuliu Maniu 775:La Dobrogea 748:Le Genevois 496:Ion G. Duca 361:appeasement 333:and at the 284:nationalism 184:independent 5900:Categories 5831:Diaconescu 5815:Diaconescu 5647:M. Sturdza 5642:Manoilescu 5637:Argetoianu 5574:Argetoianu 5523:Zamfirescu 5363:Câmpineanu 5320:Câmpineanu 5309:Câmpineanu 5279:Costa-Foru 5264:A. Golescu 5243:N. Golescu 5238:Ș. Golescu 5228:Ș. Golescu 5218:Mavrogheni 5040:(Finances) 4855:. Lanham: 4470:References 2804:Revista 22 2550:(fragment) 2375:Memoria.ro 2240:, and the 1914:Royal Navy 1773:Józef Beck 1750:Jan Syrový 1421:Iron Guard 1351:Ioan Lupaș 1228:Bessarabia 1216:Otto Wolff 1136:Yugoslavia 1089:Alongside 1002:, and the 992:Parliament 965:of Hungary 921:Pál Teleki 806:Ghiță Popp 588:Parnassian 577:D'Artagnan 523:Bonapartes 517:family of 504:Toma Dragu 449:Early life 410:Iron Guard 248:Gallicized 211:Profession 5876:Obdobescu 5861:Meleșcanu 5856:Comănescu 5846:Meleșcanu 5841:Corlățean 5826:Baconschi 5810:Comănescu 5805:Cioroianu 5794:Ungureanu 5769:Meleșcanu 5721:Macovescu 5701:Preoteasa 5673:Tătărescu 5616:Tătărescu 5601:Titulescu 5595:Tătărescu 5590:Titulescu 5569:Mihalache 5564:Mironescu 5559:Titulescu 5543:Mitilineu 5507:Văitoianu 5476:Porumbaru 5471:Maiorescu 5404:Stoicescu 5374:Pherekyde 5233:Teriachiu 5048:(Justice) 5013:Ministers 4859:, 2015. 4781:, 2013. 4725:, 2014. 4695:493905114 4682:493905217 4669:493904950 4656:493897808 4650:, 1930. 4614:. Paris: 4600:, 2004. 4543:, 1999. 4491:, 2014. 3161:, 2015. 2887:431185998 2655:Le Figaro 2591:Le Figaro 2256:Oak Crown 2115:Mondadori 1918:Constanța 1622:flak guns 1590:Anschluss 1518:Anschluss 1508:Anschluss 1200:Danatbank 1192:Komitadji 1171:Aromanian 1068:Lithuania 1016:Bolshevik 798:Emil Isac 702:Hungarian 593:Le Figaro 575:Petrescu- 455:Bucharest 444:Biography 370:Anschluss 149:Bucharest 115:In office 104:In office 65:In office 5668:Vișoianu 5580:D. Ghika 5486:Averescu 5409:Aurelian 5353:Stătescu 5343:Boerescu 5325:Boerescu 5284:Boerescu 5248:D. Ghica 5213:I. Ghica 5098:(Labour) 5024:Interior 4618:, 1976. 4568:, 1992. 3851:Le Temps 3566:, p. 462 3490:, p. 402 3347:, p. 197 3296:, p. 153 3283:, p. 392 3270:, p. 221 2913:, p. 223 2458:Buridava 2370:Amintiri 2264:and the 2248:and the 2061:Florence 1933:Bulgaria 1878:Downfall 1602:Red Army 1569:Lăncieri 1533:and the 1464:Ugo Sola 1423:and the 1318:Brittany 1268:Carol II 1159:Holy See 940:Budapest 710:Austrian 515:Komnenos 481:and the 422:Florence 393:and the 383:Salonika 357:Carol II 335:Holy See 312:Komnenos 268:Romanian 219:Nickname 169:Florence 78:Carol II 5871:Aurescu 5866:Mănescu 5851:Aurescu 5820:Predoiu 5774:Severin 5764:Năstase 5716:Mănescu 5711:Bunaciu 5696:Bughici 5632:Gigurtu 5627:Gafencu 5611:Micescu 5548:Știrbey 5533:Derussi 5528:Ionescu 5466:Djuvara 5456:Sturdza 5440:Sturdza 5430:Sturdza 5415:Sturdza 5399:Sturdza 5358:Sturdza 5304:Ionescu 5223:Știrbei 5188:Arsache 4908:at the 3634:Iorga, 3562:Iorga, 3486:Iorga, 3343:Iorga, 3305:Iorga, 3292:Iorga, 3279:Iorga, 3266:Iorga, 3253:Iorga, 3099:Iorga, 2971:Iorga, 2958:Iorga, 2909:Iorga, 2564:Familia 2300:Polirom 2130:Preludi 2120:Preludi 2009:Fiesole 1793:Ukraine 1681:Hungary 1445:Franco– 1414:Dresden 1382:Finland 771:Dobruja 706:Trieste 570:Familia 548:, then 546:Comneni 300:Hungary 292:Dobruja 274:in the 262:, born 84:Premier 74:Monarch 5789:Geoană 5741:Stoian 5731:Văduva 5726:Andrei 5706:Maurer 5691:Pauker 5497:Coandă 5389:Esarcu 5294:Cornea 4877: 4863: 4838: 4813: 4785: 4743: 4729: 4693: 4680: 4667: 4654: 4622: 4604: 4586: 4572: 4564:& 4547: 4522: 4495: 4166:", in 3826:", in 3721:passim 3471:", in 3407:et al. 3394:et al. 3165: 3141: 3087: 3051: 2885: 2744:", in 2492: 2419: 2236:, the 2232:, the 2228:, the 2224:, the 2180:Madrid 2141:esprit 2055:, and 2041:Allies 2025:Merano 1945:Allies 1909:Timpul 1823:, the 1775:, the 1769:Galați 1714:Sinaia 1685:Poland 1496:Ankara 1397:Winter 1214:, and 1183:Gagauz 1181:, and 1148:Balkan 1140:Russia 998:, the 919:, and 905:Szeged 854:satrap 822:Geneva 804:, and 550:Comnen 542:Comeni 502:, and 475:Romany 426:Allies 203:Spouse 18:Comnen 5836:Marga 5784:Roman 5779:Pleșu 5759:Celac 5492:Arion 4505:, in 4071:, in 3328:, in 2830:, in 2801:, in 2629:Polis 2521:, in 2373:, at 2322:Notes 1937:Italy 1212:Krupp 1179:Turks 1112:Banat 463:Greek 173:Italy 5736:Totu 5538:Duca 5513:Mișu 5379:Carp 5269:Carp 4875:ISBN 4861:ISBN 4836:ISBN 4811:ISBN 4783:ISBN 4741:ISBN 4727:ISBN 4691:OCLC 4678:OCLC 4665:OCLC 4652:OCLC 4620:ISBN 4602:ISBN 4584:ISBN 4570:ISBN 4545:ISBN 4520:ISBN 4493:ISBN 3163:ISBN 3139:ISBN 3085:ISBN 3049:ISBN 2883:OCLC 2490:ISBN 2417:ISBN 1807:and 1724:and 1722:Bled 1667:(or 1608:and 1486:and 1447:and 1399:and 1365:and 1341:and 1134:and 1101:and 1082:and 1062:and 899:and 818:Bern 381:and 379:Bled 354:King 159:Died 143:Born 4834:. 2673:sic 2143:." 1843:. 1380:of 1270:as 1010:as 938:in 824:by 617:'s 563:to 561:ode 258:or 250:as 5902:: 4640:, 4394:^ 4226:^ 4067:, 3688:, 3609:^ 3595:^ 3535:^ 3360:, 3324:, 3108:^ 3072:^ 2980:^ 2927:^ 2902:^ 2850:^ 2812:^ 2797:, 2775:^ 2722:^ 2704:, 2694:^ 2663:^ 2645:^ 2572:^ 2545:, 2532:^ 2517:, 2500:^ 2477:^ 2465:^ 2427:^ 2395:^ 2381:^ 2367:, 2338:^ 1943:; 1920:. 1894:, 1890:, 1760:. 1732:, 1709:. 1278:. 1253:, 1210:, 1206:, 1202:, 1177:, 967:. 959:, 955:; 915:, 895:, 872:. 800:, 793:. 781:. 506:. 498:, 494:, 440:. 405:. 314:. 254:, 246:; 171:, 151:, 5822:* 5801:* 5654:* 5618:* 5597:* 5576:* 5550:* 5509:* 5488:* 5442:* 5411:* 5370:* 5311:* 5255:* 5160:e 5153:t 5146:v 5072:) 5068:( 5026:) 5022:( 4938:e 4931:t 4924:v 773:( 237:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index