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Infinitary combinatorics

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In choiceless universes, partition properties with infinite exponents may hold, and some of them are obtained as consequences of the
3322: 3247: 2496: 2426: 87: 2983: 2916: 2369: 2312: 1755: 3103: 483: 2852: 2035: 1179: 48: 3242:, Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, vol. 106, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., 58: 52: 44: 2827: 1440: 3368: 133: 69: 2631: 3215:, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math, vol. XIII Part I, Providence, R.I.: Amer. Math. Soc., pp. 17–48, 1687: 147: 1357: 370: 3066:
Chapter 15 in Handbook of Set Theory, edited by Matthew Foreman and Akihiro Kanamori, Springer, 2010
2026:
is 2 it is often omitted. Such statements are known as negative square bracket partition relations.
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Tutorial on strong colorings and their applications, 6th European Set Theory Conference
2820: 2808: 2558: 2267: 2201: 2161: 2141: 2009: 1989: 1916: 1876: 1836: 1733: 1713: 1542: 1077: 1057: 826: 719: 699: 679: 639: 542: 522: 436: 416: 352: 308: 197: 173: 3357: 3331: 3264: 3227: 3204: 3159: 3038: 2488: 2484: 109: 3292: 1426:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{1}\rightarrow (\aleph _{1})_{2}^{\aleph _{1}}} 3268: 3235: 3167: 1536: 113: 1677:. Colorings such as this are known as strong colorings and studied in set theory. 2804: 2554: 3125: 3134: 603:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\lambda )_{m}^{<\omega }} 2796:{\displaystyle \displaystyle 2^{\aleph _{0}}\nrightarrow _{\aleph _{0}}^{2}} 453:
is 2 it is often omitted. Such statements are known as partition relations.
2085:
which is a shorthand way of saying that there exists a coloring of the set
1287:{\displaystyle \displaystyle 2^{\kappa }\not \rightarrow (3)_{\kappa }^{2}} 1232:{\displaystyle \displaystyle 2^{\kappa }\not \rightarrow (\kappa ^{+})^{2}} 1342:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\kappa ,\aleph _{0})^{2}} 1047:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{0}\rightarrow (\aleph _{0})_{k}^{n}} 2709:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{1}\nrightarrow _{\aleph _{1}}^{2}} 2623:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{1}\nrightarrow _{\aleph _{1}}^{2}} 3187: 3142: 1539:
into two colors such that for every uncountable subset of real numbers
3077: 3171: 1800:
is a shorthand way of saying that there exists a coloring of the set
326: 3116: 781:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\lambda ,\mu )^{n}} 3213:
Axiomatic Set Theory ( Univ. California, Los Angeles, Calif., 1967)
259:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\lambda )_{m}^{n}} 790:
which is a shorthand way of saying that every coloring of the set
1670:{\displaystyle \aleph _{1}\not \rightarrow (\aleph _{1})_{2}^{2}} 1528:{\displaystyle 2^{\aleph _{0}}\nrightarrow (\aleph _{1})_{2}^{2}} 1443:
showed that the Ramsey theorem does not extend to sets of size
3101:
Dushnik, Ben; Miller, E. W. (1941), "Partially ordered sets",
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properties can be defined using this notation. In particular:
2546:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{1}\nrightarrow _{4}^{2}} 2476:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{1}\nrightarrow _{3}^{2}} 433:-element subset is in the same element of the partition. When 29: 3016:{\displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\kappa )^{<\,\omega }} 2949:{\displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\alpha )^{<\,\omega }} 3240:
Combinatorial set theory: partition relations for cardinals
1619:
and applying the coloring of Sierpiński to it, we get that
2414:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \aleph _{1}\nrightarrow ^{2}} 2357:{\displaystyle \displaystyle 2^{\kappa }\nrightarrow ^{2}} 1791:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \kappa \nrightarrow _{m}^{n}} 1592:
takes both colors. Taking any set of real numbers of size
1913:
is a rainbow set. A rainbow set is in this case a subset
1535:. That is, Sierpiński constructed a coloring of pairs of 3043:
Combinatorial Cardinal Characteristics of the Continuum
136:
and combinatorics on successors of singular cardinals.
512:{\displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\omega )^{\omega }} 2986: 2966: 2919: 2899: 2855: 2835: 2729: 2728: 2643: 2642: 2570: 2569: 2500: 2499: 2430: 2429: 2373: 2372: 2316: 2315: 2293: 2270: 2244: 2224: 2204: 2184: 2164: 2144: 2124: 2091: 2038: 2012: 1992: 1959: 1939: 1919: 1899: 1879: 1859: 1839: 1806: 1759: 1758: 1736: 1716: 1690: 1625: 1598: 1565: 1545: 1476: 1449: 1373: 1372: 1302: 1301: 1248: 1247: 1191: 1190: 1107: 1106: 1080: 1060: 1001: 1000: 978: 942: 922: 889: 869: 849: 829: 796: 748: 747: 722: 702: 682: 662: 642: 622: 568: 567: 545: 525: 486: 466: 439: 419: 399: 379: 355: 335: 311: 278: 227: 226: 200: 176: 150: 27:
Extension of ideas in combinatorics to infinite sets
132:. Recent developments concern combinatorics of the 3337:Set Theory: An Introduction to Independence Proofs 3015: 2972: 2948: 2905: 2880: 2841: 2795: 2708: 2622: 2545: 2475: 2413: 2356: 2299: 2287:Some properties of this include: (in what follows 2276: 2256: 2230: 2210: 2190: 2170: 2150: 2130: 2110: 2074: 2018: 1998: 1978: 1945: 1925: 1905: 1885: 1865: 1845: 1825: 1790: 1742: 1722: 1702: 1669: 1611: 1584: 1551: 1527: 1462: 1425: 1341: 1286: 1231: 1170: 1086: 1066: 1046: 984: 972:Some properties of this include: (in what follows 961: 928: 908: 875: 855: 835: 815: 780: 728: 708: 688: 668: 648: 628: 602: 551: 539:is usually taken to be finite. An extension where 531: 511: 472: 445: 425: 405: 385: 361: 341: 317: 297: 258: 206: 182: 162: 3045:, Chapter 6 in Handbook of Set Theory, edited by 1681:introduced a similar notation as above for this. 916:have the first color, or a subset of order type 559:is almost allowed to be infinite is the notation 2881:{\displaystyle \kappa \rightarrow (\kappa )^{2}} 393:. A homogeneous set is in this case a subset of 57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks 1730:for a cardinal number (finite or infinite) and 1678: 716:are in the same element of the partition. When 612:which is a shorthand way of saying that every 8: 2075:{\displaystyle \kappa \nrightarrow _{m}^{2}} 3211:(1971), "Unsolved problems in set theory", 3172:"Partition relations for cardinal numbers" 863:with 2 colors has a subset of order type 3291: 3124: 3007: 3003: 2985: 2965: 2940: 2936: 2918: 2898: 2872: 2854: 2834: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2762: 2757: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2699: 2692: 2687: 2677: 2664: 2648: 2641: 2613: 2606: 2601: 2591: 2575: 2568: 2536: 2531: 2521: 2505: 2498: 2466: 2461: 2451: 2435: 2428: 2404: 2394: 2378: 2371: 2347: 2337: 2321: 2314: 2292: 2269: 2243: 2223: 2203: 2183: 2163: 2143: 2123: 2102: 2090: 2066: 2061: 2037: 2011: 1991: 1970: 1958: 1938: 1918: 1898: 1893:pieces such that every set of order type 1878: 1858: 1838: 1817: 1805: 1781: 1776: 1757: 1735: 1715: 1689: 1661: 1656: 1646: 1630: 1624: 1603: 1597: 1576: 1564: 1544: 1519: 1514: 1504: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1454: 1448: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1394: 1378: 1371: 1332: 1322: 1300: 1277: 1272: 1253: 1246: 1222: 1212: 1196: 1189: 1155: 1148: 1143: 1133: 1117: 1112: 1105: 1079: 1059: 1037: 1032: 1022: 1006: 999: 977: 953: 941: 921: 900: 888: 868: 848: 828: 807: 795: 771: 746: 721: 701: 681: 661: 641: 621: 590: 585: 566: 544: 524: 503: 485: 465: 438: 418: 398: 378: 354: 334: 310: 289: 277: 249: 244: 225: 215: 199: 175: 149: 88:Learn how and when to remove this message 268:as a shorthand way of saying that every 3031: 116:. Some of the things studied include 7: 3273:"A partition calculus in set theory" 2776: 2759: 2736: 2689: 2674: 2661: 2645: 2603: 2588: 2572: 2518: 2502: 2448: 2432: 2391: 2375: 2158:colors such that for every subset 2029:Another variation is the notation 1643: 1627: 1600: 1501: 1483: 1451: 1411: 1391: 1375: 1319: 1145: 1130: 1019: 1003: 739:Another variation is the notation 656:pieces has a subset of order type 25: 3064:Successors of Singular Cardinals 1703:{\displaystyle \kappa ,\lambda } 616:of the set of finite subsets of 163:{\displaystyle \kappa ,\lambda } 34: 3293:10.1090/S0002-9904-1956-10036-0 3104:American Journal of Mathematics 1679:ErdĹ‘s, Hajnal & Rado (1965) 140:Ramsey theory for infinite sets 3000: 2993: 2990: 2933: 2926: 2923: 2913:are the smallest that satisfy 2869: 2862: 2859: 2771: 2750: 2684: 2657: 2598: 2584: 2528: 2514: 2458: 2444: 2401: 2387: 2344: 2330: 2099: 2092: 2058: 2045: 1967: 1960: 1814: 1807: 1773: 1766: 1653: 1639: 1573: 1566: 1511: 1497: 1401: 1387: 1384: 1329: 1309: 1306: 1269: 1262: 1219: 1205: 1140: 1126: 1123: 1029: 1015: 1012: 950: 943: 897: 890: 804: 797: 768: 755: 752: 582: 575: 572: 500: 493: 490: 286: 279: 241: 234: 231: 108:, is an extension of ideas in 1: 3317:(second ed.), Springer, 3340:, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1351:ErdĹ‘s–Dushnik–Miller theorem 3176:Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hung. 1750:for a natural number. Then 1612:{\displaystyle \aleph _{1}} 1463:{\displaystyle \aleph _{1}} 936:such that all elements of 883:such that all elements of 3385: 736:is 2 it is often omitted. 2257:{\displaystyle A\times B} 1364:proved that AD implies 676:such that for any finite 194:(finite or infinite) and 2828:Weakly compact cardinals 2191:{\displaystyle \lambda } 2118:of 2-element subsets of 1906:{\displaystyle \lambda } 1239:(the SierpiĹ„ski theorem) 876:{\displaystyle \lambda } 669:{\displaystyle \lambda } 460:, there are no ordinals 386:{\displaystyle \lambda } 218:introduced the notation 106:combinatorial set theory 102:infinitary combinatorics 43:This article includes a 18:Combinatorial set theory 2980:are those that satisfy 2973:{\displaystyle \kappa } 2906:{\displaystyle \kappa } 2849:are those that satisfy 2842:{\displaystyle \kappa } 2300:{\displaystyle \kappa } 2131:{\displaystyle \kappa } 1946:{\displaystyle \kappa } 1866:{\displaystyle \kappa } 985:{\displaystyle \kappa } 969:have the second color. 856:{\displaystyle \kappa } 629:{\displaystyle \kappa } 473:{\displaystyle \kappa } 406:{\displaystyle \kappa } 342:{\displaystyle \kappa } 216:ErdĹ‘s & Rado (1956) 72:more precise citations. 3280:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 3017: 2974: 2950: 2907: 2882: 2843: 2797: 2710: 2624: 2547: 2477: 2415: 2358: 2301: 2278: 2258: 2232: 2212: 2192: 2172: 2152: 2132: 2112: 2076: 2020: 2000: 1980: 1947: 1927: 1907: 1887: 1867: 1847: 1827: 1792: 1744: 1724: 1704: 1671: 1613: 1586: 1553: 1529: 1464: 1427: 1343: 1288: 1233: 1172: 1088: 1068: 1048: 986: 963: 930: 910: 877: 857: 837: 817: 782: 730: 710: 696:, all subsets of size 690: 670: 650: 630: 604: 553: 533: 513: 474: 447: 427: 407: 387: 363: 343: 319: 299: 260: 214:for a natural number. 208: 184: 164: 3018: 2975: 2951: 2908: 2883: 2844: 2798: 2711: 2625: 2548: 2478: 2416: 2359: 2302: 2279: 2259: 2233: 2213: 2193: 2173: 2153: 2133: 2113: 2077: 2021: 2001: 1981: 1948: 1928: 1908: 1888: 1868: 1848: 1828: 1793: 1745: 1725: 1705: 1672: 1614: 1587: 1554: 1530: 1465: 1428: 1344: 1289: 1234: 1173: 1089: 1069: 1049: 987: 964: 931: 911: 878: 858: 838: 818: 783: 731: 711: 691: 671: 651: 631: 605: 554: 534: 514: 475: 448: 428: 408: 388: 364: 344: 320: 300: 261: 209: 185: 165: 2984: 2964: 2917: 2897: 2853: 2833: 2726: 2640: 2567: 2497: 2427: 2370: 2313: 2291: 2268: 2242: 2231:{\displaystyle \mu } 2222: 2202: 2182: 2162: 2142: 2122: 2111:{\displaystyle ^{2}} 2089: 2036: 2010: 1990: 1979:{\displaystyle ^{n}} 1957: 1937: 1917: 1897: 1877: 1857: 1853:-element subsets of 1837: 1826:{\displaystyle ^{n}} 1804: 1756: 1734: 1714: 1688: 1623: 1596: 1585:{\displaystyle ^{2}} 1563: 1543: 1474: 1447: 1370: 1358:axiom of determinacy 1299: 1245: 1188: 1104: 1078: 1058: 998: 976: 962:{\displaystyle ^{n}} 940: 929:{\displaystyle \mu } 920: 909:{\displaystyle ^{n}} 887: 867: 847: 843:-element subsets of 827: 816:{\displaystyle ^{n}} 794: 745: 720: 700: 680: 660: 640: 620: 565: 543: 523: 484: 464: 437: 417: 397: 377: 353: 333: 309: 298:{\displaystyle ^{n}} 276: 224: 198: 174: 148: 3314:The Higher Infinite 2791: 2704: 2618: 2541: 2471: 2071: 1786: 1666: 1524: 1421: 1360:(AD). For example, 1282: 1166: 1122: 1042: 598: 254: 3188:10.1007/BF01886396 3126:10338.dmlcz/100377 3013: 2970: 2946: 2903: 2878: 2839: 2793: 2792: 2770: 2706: 2705: 2683: 2620: 2619: 2597: 2543: 2542: 2527: 2473: 2472: 2457: 2411: 2410: 2354: 2353: 2297: 2274: 2254: 2228: 2208: 2188: 2168: 2148: 2128: 2108: 2072: 2057: 2016: 1996: 1976: 1943: 1923: 1903: 1883: 1863: 1843: 1823: 1788: 1787: 1772: 1740: 1720: 1700: 1667: 1652: 1609: 1582: 1549: 1525: 1510: 1460: 1423: 1422: 1400: 1339: 1338: 1284: 1283: 1268: 1229: 1228: 1180:ErdĹ‘s–Rado theorem 1168: 1167: 1139: 1108: 1084: 1064: 1044: 1043: 1028: 982: 959: 926: 906: 873: 853: 833: 813: 778: 777: 726: 706: 686: 666: 646: 626: 600: 599: 581: 549: 529: 509: 470: 443: 423: 403: 383: 359: 339: 315: 295: 256: 255: 240: 204: 180: 160: 45:list of references 3347:978-0-444-85401-8 3309:Kanamori, Akihiro 2277:{\displaystyle m} 2211:{\displaystyle B} 2198:and every subset 2171:{\displaystyle A} 2151:{\displaystyle m} 2019:{\displaystyle m} 1999:{\displaystyle m} 1926:{\displaystyle A} 1886:{\displaystyle m} 1846:{\displaystyle n} 1743:{\displaystyle n} 1723:{\displaystyle m} 1552:{\displaystyle X} 1441:WacĹ‚aw SierpiĹ„ski 1087:{\displaystyle k} 1067:{\displaystyle n} 836:{\displaystyle n} 729:{\displaystyle m} 709:{\displaystyle n} 689:{\displaystyle n} 649:{\displaystyle m} 552:{\displaystyle n} 532:{\displaystyle n} 446:{\displaystyle m} 426:{\displaystyle n} 362:{\displaystyle m} 318:{\displaystyle n} 207:{\displaystyle n} 183:{\displaystyle m} 118:continuous graphs 98: 97: 90: 16:(Redirected from 3376: 3350: 3327: 3304: 3295: 3277: 3260: 3234:; MátĂ©, Attila; 3223: 3198: 3153: 3128: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3073: 3067: 3060: 3054: 3053:, Springer, 2010 3051:Akihiro Kanamori 3036: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3012: 3011: 2979: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2959:Ramsey cardinals 2955: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2912: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2876: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2715: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2682: 2681: 2669: 2668: 2653: 2652: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2596: 2595: 2580: 2579: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2526: 2525: 2510: 2509: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2440: 2439: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2399: 2398: 2383: 2382: 2363: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2326: 2325: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2283: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2263: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2117: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1872: 1870: 1869: 1864: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1676: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1660: 1651: 1650: 1635: 1634: 1618: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1580: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1518: 1509: 1508: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1470:by showing that 1469: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1436:Strong colorings 1432: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1408: 1399: 1398: 1383: 1382: 1362:Donald A. Martin 1348: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1327: 1326: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1258: 1257: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1217: 1216: 1201: 1200: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1138: 1137: 1121: 1116: 1096:Ramsey's theorem 1093: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1027: 1026: 1011: 1010: 991: 989: 988: 983: 968: 966: 965: 960: 958: 957: 935: 933: 932: 927: 915: 913: 912: 907: 905: 904: 882: 880: 879: 874: 862: 860: 859: 854: 842: 840: 839: 834: 822: 820: 819: 814: 812: 811: 787: 785: 784: 779: 776: 775: 735: 733: 732: 727: 715: 713: 712: 707: 695: 693: 692: 687: 675: 673: 672: 667: 655: 653: 652: 647: 635: 633: 632: 627: 609: 607: 606: 601: 597: 589: 558: 556: 555: 550: 538: 536: 535: 530: 518: 516: 515: 510: 508: 507: 479: 477: 476: 471: 452: 450: 449: 444: 432: 430: 429: 424: 413:such that every 412: 410: 409: 404: 392: 390: 389: 384: 368: 366: 365: 360: 348: 346: 345: 340: 324: 322: 321: 316: 304: 302: 301: 296: 294: 293: 265: 263: 262: 257: 253: 248: 213: 211: 210: 205: 189: 187: 186: 181: 169: 167: 166: 161: 126:Ramsey's theorem 124:, extensions of 100:In mathematics, 93: 86: 82: 79: 73: 68:this article by 59:inline citations 38: 37: 30: 21: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3330: 3325: 3307: 3275: 3263: 3250: 3226: 3203: 3182:(1–2): 93–196, 3158: 3117:10.2307/2371374 3100: 3097: 3092: 3084: 3082: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3062:Todd Eisworth, 3061: 3057: 3047:Matthew Foreman 3037: 3033: 3029: 2999: 2982: 2981: 2962: 2961: 2932: 2915: 2914: 2895: 2894: 2892:ErdĹ‘s cardinals 2868: 2851: 2850: 2831: 2830: 2817: 2815:Large cardinals 2812: 2775: 2758: 2753: 2735: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2688: 2673: 2660: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2602: 2587: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2517: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2447: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2400: 2390: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2343: 2333: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2307:is a cardinal) 2289: 2288: 2266: 2265: 2240: 2239: 2220: 2219: 2200: 2199: 2180: 2179: 2160: 2159: 2140: 2139: 2120: 2119: 2098: 2087: 2086: 2034: 2033: 2008: 2007: 1988: 1987: 1966: 1955: 1954: 1935: 1934: 1915: 1914: 1895: 1894: 1875: 1874: 1855: 1854: 1835: 1834: 1813: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1754: 1753: 1732: 1731: 1712: 1711: 1710:for ordinals, 1686: 1685: 1642: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1599: 1594: 1593: 1572: 1561: 1560: 1541: 1540: 1500: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1433: 1410: 1390: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1354: 1328: 1318: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1218: 1208: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1144: 1129: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1076: 1075: 1056: 1055: 1054:for all finite 1018: 1002: 996: 995: 992:is a cardinal) 974: 973: 949: 938: 937: 918: 917: 896: 885: 884: 865: 864: 845: 844: 825: 824: 803: 792: 791: 788: 767: 743: 742: 718: 717: 698: 697: 678: 677: 658: 657: 638: 637: 618: 617: 610: 563: 562: 541: 540: 521: 520: 499: 482: 481: 462: 461: 458:axiom of choice 435: 434: 415: 414: 395: 394: 375: 374: 371:homogeneous set 351: 350: 331: 330: 307: 306: 285: 274: 273: 266: 222: 221: 196: 195: 192:cardinal number 172: 171: 170:for ordinals, 146: 145: 142: 94: 83: 77: 74: 63: 49:related reading 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3382: 3380: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3332:Kunen, Kenneth 3328: 3323: 3305: 3286:(5): 427–489, 3261: 3248: 3232:Hajnal, András 3224: 3209:Hajnal, András 3200: 3199: 3164:Hajnal, András 3155: 3154: 3111:(3): 600–610, 3096: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3076:Rinot, Assaf, 3068: 3055: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2969: 2956: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2902: 2888: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2838: 2821:large cardinal 2816: 2813: 2789: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2722: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2636: 2616: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2563: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2493: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2423: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2366: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2309: 2296: 2273: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2227: 2218:of order type 2207: 2187: 2178:of order type 2167: 2147: 2127: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2083: 2082: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2015: 1995: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1942: 1922: 1902: 1882: 1862: 1842: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1752: 1739: 1719: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1606: 1602: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1548: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1457: 1453: 1437: 1434: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1295: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1241: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1184: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1100: 1083: 1063: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1005: 994: 981: 956: 952: 948: 945: 925: 903: 899: 895: 892: 872: 852: 832: 810: 806: 802: 799: 774: 770: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 741: 725: 705: 685: 665: 645: 625: 596: 593: 588: 584: 580: 577: 574: 571: 561: 548: 528: 506: 502: 498: 495: 492: 489: 469: 442: 422: 402: 382: 373:of order type 358: 338: 314: 292: 288: 284: 281: 252: 247: 243: 239: 236: 233: 230: 220: 203: 179: 159: 156: 153: 141: 138: 130:Martin's axiom 96: 95: 53:external links 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3381: 3370: 3369:Combinatorics 3367: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3349: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3326: 3324:3-540-00384-3 3320: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3249:0-444-86157-2 3245: 3241: 3237: 3236:Rado, Richard 3233: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168:Rado, Richard 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3081: 3080: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039:Andreas Blass 3035: 3032: 3026: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2987: 2967: 2960: 2957: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2920: 2900: 2893: 2889: 2873: 2865: 2856: 2836: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2787: 2780: 2763: 2754: 2747: 2740: 2731: 2719: 2700: 2693: 2678: 2670: 2665: 2654: 2649: 2633: 2614: 2607: 2592: 2581: 2576: 2560: 2556: 2537: 2532: 2522: 2511: 2506: 2490: 2486: 2467: 2462: 2452: 2441: 2436: 2405: 2395: 2384: 2379: 2348: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2294: 2285: 2271: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2225: 2205: 2185: 2165: 2145: 2125: 2103: 2095: 2067: 2062: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2013: 2006:colors. When 1993: 1971: 1963: 1940: 1920: 1900: 1880: 1860: 1840: 1818: 1810: 1782: 1777: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1751: 1737: 1717: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1682: 1680: 1662: 1657: 1647: 1636: 1631: 1604: 1577: 1569: 1546: 1538: 1520: 1515: 1505: 1494: 1487: 1478: 1455: 1442: 1435: 1415: 1405: 1395: 1379: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1352: 1333: 1323: 1315: 1312: 1303: 1278: 1273: 1265: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1223: 1213: 1209: 1202: 1197: 1193: 1181: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1149: 1134: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1097: 1081: 1061: 1038: 1033: 1023: 1007: 993: 979: 970: 954: 946: 923: 901: 893: 870: 850: 830: 808: 800: 772: 764: 761: 758: 749: 740: 737: 723: 703: 683: 663: 643: 623: 615: 594: 591: 586: 578: 569: 560: 546: 526: 504: 496: 487: 467: 459: 456:Assuming the 454: 440: 420: 400: 380: 372: 369:pieces has a 356: 336: 328: 312: 290: 282: 271: 250: 245: 237: 228: 219: 217: 201: 193: 177: 157: 154: 151: 139: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 114:infinite sets 111: 110:combinatorics 107: 103: 92: 89: 81: 71: 67: 61: 60: 54: 50: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 3335: 3313: 3283: 3279: 3239: 3212: 3179: 3175: 3108: 3102: 3083:, retrieved 3078: 3071: 3063: 3058: 3042: 3034: 2818: 2421:(SierpiĹ„ski) 2364:(SierpiĹ„ski) 2286: 2084: 2028: 1799: 1683: 1537:real numbers 1439: 1355: 971: 789: 738: 611: 455: 267: 143: 105: 101: 99: 84: 75: 64:Please help 56: 3228:ErdĹ‘s, Paul 3205:ErdĹ‘s, Paul 3160:ErdĹ‘s, Paul 272:of the set 70:introducing 3364:Set theory 3358:Categories 3095:References 3085:2023-12-10 2632:TodorÄŤević 2264:takes all 2238:, the set 1986:takes all 1953:such that 3265:ErdĹ‘s, P. 3135:0002-9327 3009:ω 2997:κ 2991:→ 2988:κ 2968:κ 2942:ω 2930:α 2924:→ 2921:κ 2901:κ 2866:κ 2860:→ 2857:κ 2837:κ 2777:ℵ 2760:ℵ 2748:↛ 2737:ℵ 2690:ℵ 2675:ℵ 2662:ℵ 2655:↛ 2646:ℵ 2604:ℵ 2589:ℵ 2582:↛ 2573:ℵ 2519:ℵ 2512:↛ 2503:ℵ 2449:ℵ 2442:↛ 2433:ℵ 2392:ℵ 2385:↛ 2376:ℵ 2335:κ 2328:↛ 2323:κ 2295:κ 2249:× 2226:μ 2186:λ 2126:κ 2096:κ 2055:μ 2049:λ 2043:↛ 2040:κ 1941:κ 1901:λ 1861:κ 1811:κ 1770:λ 1764:↛ 1761:κ 1698:λ 1692:κ 1644:ℵ 1628:ℵ 1601:ℵ 1502:ℵ 1495:↛ 1484:ℵ 1452:ℵ 1412:ℵ 1392:ℵ 1385:→ 1376:ℵ 1320:ℵ 1313:κ 1307:→ 1304:κ 1274:κ 1255:κ 1210:κ 1198:κ 1146:ℵ 1131:ℵ 1124:→ 1110:ℶ 1020:ℵ 1013:→ 1004:ℵ 980:κ 947:μ 924:μ 894:λ 871:λ 851:κ 801:κ 765:μ 759:λ 753:→ 750:κ 664:λ 624:κ 614:partition 595:ω 579:λ 573:→ 570:κ 505:ω 497:ω 491:→ 488:κ 468:κ 401:κ 381:λ 337:κ 325:-element 283:κ 270:partition 238:λ 232:→ 229:κ 158:λ 152:κ 134:continuum 3334:(1980), 3311:(2000), 3271:(1956), 3269:Rado, R. 3238:(1984), 3170:(1965), 2819:Several 2284:colors. 1637:↛ 1260:↛ 1203:↛ 78:May 2024 3302:0081864 3258:0795592 3221:0280381 3196:0202613 3151:0004862 3143:2371374 327:subsets 66:improve 3344:  3321:  3300:  3256:  3246:  3219:  3194:  3149:  3141:  3133:  2809:Shelah 2805:Galvin 2559:Shelah 2555:Galvin 1684:Write 190:for a 144:Write 128:, and 3276:(PDF) 3139:JSTOR 3027:Notes 2718:Moore 2489:Blass 2485:Laver 2138:with 1873:into 1349:(the 1178:(the 636:into 519:, so 480:with 349:into 122:trees 104:, or 51:, or 3342:ISBN 3319:ISBN 3244:ISBN 3131:ISSN 3049:and 3005:< 2938:< 2807:and 2557:and 1074:and 592:< 120:and 3288:doi 3184:doi 3121:hdl 3113:doi 1933:of 1833:of 823:of 329:of 305:of 112:to 3360:: 3298:MR 3296:, 3284:62 3282:, 3278:, 3267:; 3254:MR 3252:, 3230:; 3217:MR 3207:; 3192:MR 3190:, 3180:16 3178:, 3174:, 3166:; 3162:; 3147:MR 3145:, 3137:, 3129:, 3119:, 3109:63 3107:, 3041:, 2890:α- 2487:, 1559:, 1182:.) 1098:). 55:, 47:, 3290:: 3186:: 3123:: 3115:: 3001:) 2994:( 2934:) 2927:( 2874:2 2870:) 2863:( 2811:) 2803:( 2788:2 2781:0 2772:] 2764:0 2755:2 2751:[ 2741:0 2732:2 2720:) 2716:( 2701:2 2694:1 2685:] 2679:1 2671:; 2666:1 2658:[ 2650:1 2634:) 2630:( 2615:2 2608:1 2599:] 2593:1 2585:[ 2577:1 2561:) 2553:( 2538:2 2533:4 2529:] 2523:1 2515:[ 2507:1 2491:) 2483:( 2468:2 2463:3 2459:] 2453:1 2445:[ 2437:1 2406:2 2402:] 2396:1 2388:[ 2380:1 2349:2 2345:] 2339:+ 2331:[ 2319:2 2272:m 2252:B 2246:A 2206:B 2166:A 2146:m 2104:2 2100:] 2093:[ 2068:2 2063:m 2059:] 2052:; 2046:[ 2014:m 1994:m 1972:n 1968:] 1964:A 1961:[ 1921:A 1881:m 1841:n 1819:n 1815:] 1808:[ 1783:n 1778:m 1774:] 1767:[ 1738:n 1718:m 1695:, 1663:2 1658:2 1654:) 1648:1 1640:( 1632:1 1605:1 1578:2 1574:] 1570:X 1567:[ 1547:X 1521:2 1516:2 1512:) 1506:1 1498:( 1488:0 1479:2 1456:1 1416:1 1406:2 1402:) 1396:1 1388:( 1380:1 1353:) 1334:2 1330:) 1324:0 1316:, 1310:( 1279:2 1270:) 1266:3 1263:( 1251:2 1224:2 1220:) 1214:+ 1206:( 1194:2 1163:1 1160:+ 1157:n 1150:0 1141:) 1135:1 1127:( 1119:+ 1114:n 1094:( 1082:k 1062:n 1039:n 1034:k 1030:) 1024:0 1016:( 1008:0 955:n 951:] 944:[ 902:n 898:] 891:[ 831:n 809:n 805:] 798:[ 773:n 769:) 762:, 756:( 724:m 704:n 684:n 644:m 587:m 583:) 576:( 547:n 527:n 501:) 494:( 441:m 421:n 357:m 313:n 291:n 287:] 280:[ 251:n 246:m 242:) 235:( 202:n 178:m 155:, 91:) 85:( 80:) 76:( 62:. 20:)

Index

Combinatorial set theory
list of references
related reading
external links
inline citations
improve
introducing
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combinatorics
infinite sets
continuous graphs
trees
Ramsey's theorem
Martin's axiom
continuum
cardinal number
Erdős & Rado (1956)
partition
subsets
homogeneous set
axiom of choice
partition
Ramsey's theorem
Erdős–Rado theorem
Erdős–Dushnik–Miller theorem
axiom of determinacy
Donald A. Martin
Wacław Sierpiński
real numbers
Erdős, Hajnal & Rado (1965)

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