40:
492:
537:
521:
3032:
2646:
2470:
2658:
3052:
2966:
153:
3091:
141:
3115:
3042:
2670:
3079:
3103:
2481:
2597:
192:
464:
Bok globules are still a subject of intense research. Known to be some of the coldest objects in the natural universe, their structure and density remains somewhat a mystery. Methods applied so far have relied on column density derived from near-infrared
536:
491:
437:
observations published in 1990 confirmed that stars were being born inside Bok globules. Further observations have revealed that some Bok globules contain embedded warm sources, some contain
368:
915:
Launhardt, R.; Sargent, A. I.; Henning, T.; Zylka, R.; Zinnecker, H. (2000). "Binary and multiple star formation in Bok globules". In
Reipurth, B.; Zinnecker, H. (eds.).
429:
were born. This hypothesis was difficult to verify due to the observational difficulties of establishing what was happening inside a dense dark cloud that obscured all
2518:
2321:
461:
of material in a region about a light-year or so across, and that Bok globules most commonly result in the formation of double- or multiple-star systems.
632:
Clemens, Dan P.; Yun, JoĂŁo Lin; Meyer, Mark H. (March 1991). "BOK globules and small molecular clouds â Deep IRAS photometry and (C-12)O spectroscopy".
769:
Reipurth, Bo; Heathcote, Steve; Vrba, Frederick (March 1992). "Star formation in Bok globules and low-mass clouds. IV â HerbigâHaro objects in B335".
472:
Bok globules that are irradiated by ultraviolet light from hot nearby stars exhibit stripping of materials to produce a tail. These types are called "
520:
318:
545:, at a distance of only 410 light-years, is one of the nearest Bok globules. Its diameter is about 12,500 AU (0.198 ly) (â 2 trillion km)
667:
Launhardt, R.; Sargent, A. I.; Henning, T.; Zylka, R.; Zinnecker, H. (10â15 April 2000). "Binary and multiple star formation in Bok globules".
597:
2353:
880:
Clemens, D. P.; Yun, J. L.; Heyer, M. H. (1991). "Bok globules and small molecular cloudsâDeep IRAS photometry and (C-12)O spectroscopy".
2511:
2328:
1647:
2708:
508:
2040:
837:
Zhou, Shudong; Evans, Neal J. II; Koempe, Carsten; Walmsley, C. M. (March 1993). "Evidence for protostellar collapse in B335".
39:
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1954:
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2504:
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1970:
989:
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2380:
2247:
2792:
2363:
2314:
2289:
1582:
311:
1667:
2810:
2304:
2284:
3069:
2999:
2368:
2299:
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3140:
2987:
2673:
2375:
2252:
2229:
1811:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
917:
Birth and
Evolution of Binary Stars, Poster Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 200 on The Formation of Binary Stars
669:
Birth and
Evolution of Binary Stars, Poster Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 200 on The Formation of Binary Stars
1518:
1392:
1027:
267:
2045:
1714:
617:
Bok globules such as
Barnard 68 are only about half a light-year across and weigh in at about two solar masses
144:
2982:
2977:
2649:
2294:
1844:
1754:
1696:
1622:
1193:
1119:
497:
304:
2586:
1069:
438:
251:
2846:
2576:
2455:
2435:
2207:
2202:
1995:
1944:
1749:
1739:
1412:
1210:
1178:
1052:
512:
466:
418:
236:
2841:
3135:
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2800:
2778:
2701:
2611:
2309:
2279:
2274:
2264:
2192:
1980:
1146:
272:
45:
1427:
3051:
2561:
2450:
2348:
2338:
2187:
2155:
1949:
1744:
1729:
1042:
920:
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778:
741:
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641:
410:
226:
1289:
605:
3119:
2912:
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2541:
2050:
1910:
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292:
206:
119:
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953:
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2895:
2874:
2626:
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2406:
2358:
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2257:
2197:
2120:
2030:
2000:
1990:
1934:
1856:
1547:
1183:
982:
862:
601:
378:
287:
107:
393:, and around 1% (by mass) silicate dust. Bok globules most commonly result in the formation of
2869:
2768:
2751:
2616:
2581:
2396:
1881:
1821:
1794:
1774:
1574:
1358:
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1107:
1089:
1057:
277:
246:
3083:
3035:
2969:
2954:
2864:
2746:
2694:
2224:
2177:
2127:
2115:
2093:
2088:
2015:
1975:
1922:
1704:
1627:
1602:
1496:
1417:
1141:
1102:
897:
854:
817:
782:
749:
707:
649:
430:
2938:
2905:
2900:
2773:
2741:
2546:
2411:
2214:
2083:
1927:
1898:
1839:
1834:
1709:
1437:
1402:
1336:
1282:
1277:
1222:
1032:
556:
446:
442:
211:
152:
140:
924:
893:
850:
813:
745:
703:
676:
645:
2933:
2736:
2527:
2473:
2239:
2078:
1905:
1876:
1851:
1784:
1473:
1341:
1227:
1129:
1019:
1009:
937:
348:
183:
3129:
3016:
2425:
2219:
2182:
2150:
2025:
1734:
1557:
1528:
1506:
1124:
1097:
1074:
975:
866:
450:
414:
111:
49:
2831:
2815:
2756:
2661:
2571:
2485:
2160:
2110:
2105:
2005:
1888:
1871:
1829:
1789:
1724:
1607:
1552:
1533:
1513:
1491:
1483:
1326:
1319:
1158:
1079:
1062:
426:
241:
66:
2879:
2761:
2731:
2556:
2401:
2100:
2073:
2065:
2055:
2035:
2010:
1939:
1861:
1617:
1592:
1587:
1501:
1461:
1422:
1387:
1370:
1365:
501:
394:
352:
344:
340:
221:
76:
17:
3055:
2917:
1985:
1682:
1655:
1632:
1612:
1597:
1449:
1353:
1331:
1309:
1304:
1168:
561:
542:
458:
364:
360:
156:
2566:
2172:
2020:
1804:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1719:
1672:
1662:
1456:
1432:
1407:
1314:
1265:
1198:
1188:
1163:
1136:
1112:
1047:
454:
453:
studies have provided evidence for the infall of material onto an accreting
332:
231:
958:
2165:
1866:
1540:
1299:
1272:
434:
406:
171:
2440:
1915:
1677:
1444:
1397:
1380:
1375:
1294:
576:
571:
527:
504:
2717:
2430:
2418:
1637:
1523:
390:
386:
115:
2480:
901:
858:
822:
797:
754:
729:
711:
690:
Bok, Bart J.; Reilly, Edith F. (March 1947). "Small Dark
Nebulae".
653:
798:"Discovery of outflows from young stellar objects in BOK globules"
2496:
671:. Potsdam, Germany: Bo Reipurth and Hans Zinnecker. p. 103.
457:. It is now thought that a typical Bok globule contains about 10
1799:
1779:
998:
962:
566:
469:
and even star counting in a bid to probe these objects further.
422:
356:
191:
2690:
2500:
971:
2145:
2686:
730:"Star formation in small globules â Bart Bok was correct"
413:
hypothesized that these clouds were "similar to insect's
967:
938:
Cometary globules. 1 Formation, evolution and morphology
409:
in the 1940s. In an article published in 1947, he and
3067:
728:
Yun, JoĂŁo Lin; Clemens, Dan P. (December 20, 1990).
3009:
2963:
2947:
2926:
2888:
2855:
2824:
2791:
2724:
2604:
2534:
2389:
2238:
2136:
2064:
1963:
1820:
1695:
1573:
1482:
1209:
1088:
1018:
433:
light emitted from within it. An analysis of near-
167:
162:
133:
125:
103:
82:
72:
61:
56:
32:
796:Yun, JoĂŁo Lin; Clemens, Dan P. (January 1992).
405:Bok globules were first observed by astronomer
351:may take place. Bok globules are found within
2702:
2512:
983:
312:
8:
627:
625:
2965:
2709:
2695:
2687:
2519:
2505:
2497:
1215:
990:
976:
968:
319:
305:
179:
38:
821:
753:
723:
721:
3074:
588:
487:
259:
198:
182:
29:
7:
3041:
2669:
940:, B. Lefloch and B. Lazareff, 1994.
363:contained within a region about a
339:are isolated and relatively small
27:Isolated, small, and opaque nebula
25:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3077:
3050:
3040:
3031:
3030:
2964:
2668:
2656:
2645:
2644:
2595:
2479:
2469:
2468:
882:Astrophysical Journal Supplement
634:Astrophysical Journal Supplement
535:
526:Bok globules located within the
519:
490:
190:
151:
139:
596:Michael Szpir (MayâJune 2001).
500:, a set of Bok globules in the
421:to form new stars, from which
1:
2381:Timeline of stellar astronomy
839:Astrophysical Journal, Part 1
802:Astrophysical Journal Letters
734:Astrophysical Journal Letters
771:Astronomy & Astrophysics
397:- or multiple-star systems.
2811:Evaporating gaseous globule
2041:HertzsprungâRussell diagram
3157:
2622:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
1955:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
283:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
3025:
2640:
2593:
2464:
1218:
1005:
150:
138:
37:
2334:With multiple exoplanets
598:"Bart Bok's Black Blobs"
530:nebula (IC 1590 cluster)
1120:Asymptotic giant branch
783:1992A&A...256..225R
417:" that were undergoing
355:, and typically have a
2847:Integrated Flux Nebula
2577:Pre-main-sequence star
2456:Tidal disruption event
1945:Circumstellar envelope
1179:Luminous blue variable
513:Hubble Space Telescope
419:gravitational collapse
237:Pre-main-sequence star
163:Additional Information
2837:Protoplanetary nebula
2801:Giant molecular cloud
2779:Protoplanetary nebula
2612:Initial mass function
1981:Effective temperature
692:Astrophysical Journal
273:Initial mass function
46:Finger of God Globule
2857:Post-stellar nebulae
2605:Theoretical concepts
2562:Young stellar object
2451:Planet-hosting stars
2329:With resolved images
2300:Historical brightest
2230:Photometric-standard
2156:Solar radio emission
1950:Eddington luminosity
1730:Triple-alpha process
1668:ThorneâĆ»ytkow object
1043:Young stellar object
959:Cometary globule CG4
954:A Star in the Making
498:Thackeray's Globules
367:or so across (about
260:Theoretical concepts
227:Young stellar object
104:Chemical composition
2948:Intergalactic blobs
2913:High-velocity cloud
2793:Pre-stellar nebulae
2632:Planetary migration
2542:Interstellar medium
2275:Highest temperature
2046:Colorâcolor diagram
1911:Protoplanetary disk
1715:Protonâproton chain
1393:Chemically peculiar
925:2000IAUS..200P.103L
894:1991ApJS...75..877C
851:1993ApJ...404..232Z
814:1992ApJ...385L..21Y
746:1990ApJ...365L..73Y
704:1947ApJ...105..255B
677:2000IAUS..200P.103L
646:1991ApJS...75..877C
449:. Millimeter-wave
439:HerbigâHaro objects
359:of about two to 50
347:and gas from which
293:Planetary migration
207:Interstellar medium
3000:Supernova remnants
2896:Interstellar cloud
2875:Pulsar wind nebula
2627:Nebular hypothesis
2587:HerbigâHaro object
2280:Lowest temperature
2031:Photometric system
2001:Absolute magnitude
1935:Circumstellar dust
1548:Stellar black hole
1184:Stellar population
1070:HerbigâHaro object
602:American Scientist
511:instrument on the
379:molecular hydrogen
288:Nebular hypothesis
252:HerbigâHaro object
108:Molecular hydrogen
3065:
3064:
2870:Supernova remnant
2842:WolfâRayet nebula
2769:Reflection nebula
2752:Supernova remnant
2684:
2683:
2617:Jeans instability
2582:Herbig Ae/Be star
2494:
2493:
2397:Substellar object
2376:Planetary nebulae
1795:Luminous red nova
1705:Deuterium burning
1691:
1690:
1174:Instability strip
1154:Wolf-Rayet nebula
1108:Horizontal branch
1053:Pre-main-sequence
507:, taken with the
474:cometary globules
343:containing dense
329:
328:
278:Jeans instability
247:Herbig Ae/Be star
178:
177:
16:(Redirected from
3148:
3141:1940s in science
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3034:
3033:
2968:
2967:
2955:Lyman-alpha blob
2865:Planetary nebula
2747:Planetary nebula
2711:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2672:
2671:
2660:
2648:
2647:
2599:
2598:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2498:
2486:Stars portal
2484:
2483:
2472:
2471:
2128:Planetary system
2051:Strömgren sphere
1923:Asteroseismology
1644:Black hole star
1216:
1142:Planetary nebula
1103:Red-giant branch
992:
985:
978:
969:
941:
935:
929:
928:
912:
906:
905:
877:
871:
870:
834:
828:
827:
825:
793:
787:
786:
766:
760:
759:
757:
725:
716:
715:
687:
681:
680:
664:
658:
657:
629:
620:
619:
614:
613:
604:. Archived from
593:
539:
523:
494:
441:, and some show
377:). They contain
375:
373:
321:
314:
307:
194:
180:
155:
143:
42:
30:
21:
18:Cometary globule
3156:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3021:
3005:
2983:Largest Nebulae
2959:
2943:
2939:Pinwheel nebula
2922:
2906:Infrared cirrus
2901:Molecular cloud
2884:
2851:
2820:
2787:
2774:Variable nebula
2742:Emission nebula
2720:
2715:
2685:
2680:
2636:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2547:Molecular cloud
2530:
2525:
2495:
2490:
2478:
2460:
2385:
2354:Milky Way novae
2290:Smallest volume
2234:
2215:Radial velocity
2138:
2132:
2084:Common envelope
2060:
1959:
1928:Helioseismology
1899:Bipolar outflow
1840:Microturbulence
1835:Convection zone
1816:
1710:Lithium burning
1697:Nucleosynthesis
1687:
1569:
1478:
1205:
1084:
1033:Molecular cloud
1014:
1001:
996:
950:
945:
944:
936:
932:
919:. p. 103.
914:
913:
909:
879:
878:
874:
836:
835:
831:
795:
794:
790:
768:
767:
763:
727:
726:
719:
689:
688:
684:
666:
665:
661:
631:
630:
623:
611:
609:
595:
594:
590:
585:
557:Molecular cloud
553:
546:
540:
531:
524:
515:
495:
486:
411:Edith F. Reilly
403:
384:
371:
369:
325:
212:Molecular cloud
99:
96:
92:
89:
57:Characteristics
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3154:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2994:Protoplanetary
2991:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2934:Bipolar nebula
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2825:Stellar nebula
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2737:Diffuse nebula
2734:
2728:
2726:
2725:Visible nebula
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2535:Object classes
2532:
2531:
2528:Star formation
2526:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Largest volume
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Magnetic field
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1906:Accretion disk
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:Alfvén surface
1879:
1877:Stellar corona
1874:
1869:
1864:
1854:
1852:Radiation zone
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
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1521:
1511:
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1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1474:Blue straggler
1471:
1470:
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1459:
1454:
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1452:
1442:
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1440:
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1285:
1280:
1270:
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1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:Main sequence
1230:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1211:Classification
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1147:Protoplanetary
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1086:
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1022:
1016:
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1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
995:
994:
987:
980:
972:
966:
965:
956:
949:
948:External links
946:
943:
942:
930:
907:
902:10.1086/191552
872:
859:10.1086/172271
829:
823:10.1086/186268
788:
761:
755:10.1086/185891
717:
712:10.1086/144901
682:
659:
654:10.1086/191552
621:
587:
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581:
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579:
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547:
541:
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532:
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402:
399:
382:
349:star formation
327:
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316:
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199:Object classes
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184:Star formation
176:
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165:
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159:
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147:
145:Media category
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134:External links
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2:
3153:
3142:
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3109:
3099:
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3075:
3071:
3057:
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3047:
3039:
3037:
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3024:
3018:
3017:Cometary knot
3015:
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3008:
3001:
2998:
2995:
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2989:
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2449:
2447:
2446:Intergalactic
2444:
2442:
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2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Galactic year
2424:
2420:
2417:
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2335:
2332:
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2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Most luminous
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
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2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
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2259:
2256:
2254:
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2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Proper motion
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Constellation
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Solar eclipse
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:Earth-centric
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2102:
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
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1979:
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1735:Alpha process
1733:
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1728:
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1517:
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1512:
1508:
1507:Helium planet
1505:
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1498:
1497:Parker's star
1495:
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1428:Lambda Boötis
1426:
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1234:
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1214:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Superluminous
1192:
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1187:
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1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Main sequence
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:Hayashi track
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
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993:
988:
986:
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979:
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964:
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957:
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952:
951:
947:
939:
934:
931:
926:
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918:
911:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
876:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
830:
824:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
792:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:
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718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
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686:
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678:
674:
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663:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
626:
622:
618:
608:on 2017-04-24
607:
603:
599:
592:
589:
582:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
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563:
560:
558:
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554:
550:
544:
538:
533:
529:
522:
517:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
493:
488:
484:Image gallery
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
468:
462:
460:
456:
452:
451:emission line
448:
447:molecular gas
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:star clusters
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
380:
376:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
322:
317:
315:
310:
308:
303:
302:
300:
299:
294:
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279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
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264:
263:
258:
253:
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248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
173:
170:
166:
161:
158:
154:
149:
146:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
121:
120:silicate dust
117:
113:
112:carbon oxides
109:
106:
102:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
50:Carina Nebula
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3136:Dark nebulae
3120:Solar System
2832:Nova remnant
2816:Solar nebula
2805:
2757:Nova remnant
2674:
2663:Stars portal
2662:
2650:
2572:T Tauri star
2551:
2349:White dwarfs
2339:Brown dwarfs
2322:Most distant
2270:Most massive
2248:Proper names
2208:Photographic
2161:Solar System
2139:observations
2066:Star systems
1889:Stellar wind
1872:Chromosphere
1845:Oscillations
1725:Helium flash
1575:Hypothetical
1553:X-ray binary
1492:Compact star
1327:Bright giant
1080:Henyey track
1058:Herbig Ae/Be
1037:
933:
916:
910:
885:
881:
875:
842:
838:
832:
805:
801:
791:
774:
770:
764:
737:
733:
695:
691:
685:
668:
662:
637:
633:
616:
610:. Retrieved
606:the original
591:
477:
473:
471:
463:
459:solar masses
404:
361:solar masses
353:H II regions
341:dark nebulae
337:Bok globules
336:
330:
242:T Tauri star
216:
67:Dark nebulae
3108:Outer space
3096:Spaceflight
2806:Bok globule
2762:H II region
2732:Dark nebula
2557:Dark nebula
2552:Bok globule
2402:Brown dwarf
2178:Circumpolar
2056:Kraft break
2036:Color index
2011:Metallicity
1971:Designation
1940:Cosmic dust
1862:Photosphere
1628:Dark-energy
1603:Electroweak
1588:Black dwarf
1519:Radio-quiet
1502:White dwarf
1388:White dwarf
1038:Bok globule
888:: 877â904.
502:H II region
389:oxides and
345:cosmic dust
222:Dark nebula
217:Bok globule
77:HII regions
33:Bok globule
3130:Categories
3056:Wiktionary
2927:Morphology
2918:H I region
2880:Supershell
2364:Candidates
2359:Supernovae
2344:Red dwarfs
2203:Extinction
1991:Kinematics
1986:Luminosity
1964:Properties
1857:Atmosphere
1755:Si burning
1745:Ne burning
1683:White hole
1656:Quasi-star
1583:Blue dwarf
1438:Technetium
1354:Hypergiant
1332:Supergiant
845:(1): 232.
777:(1): 225.
612:2008-11-19
583:References
562:Barnard 68
543:Barnard 68
467:extinction
365:light year
168:Discovered
126:Size range
83:Mass range
3084:Astronomy
2988:Planetary
2567:Protostar
2295:Brightest
2193:Magnitude
2173:Pole star
2094:Symbiotic
2089:Eclipsing
2021:Starlight
1822:Structure
1812:Supernova
1805:Micronova
1800:Recurrent
1785:Symbiotic
1770:p-process
1765:r-process
1760:s-process
1750:O burning
1740:C burning
1720:CNO cycle
1663:Gravastar
1199:Hypernova
1189:Supernova
1164:Dredge-up
1137:Blue loop
1130:super-AGB
1113:Red clump
1090:Evolution
1048:Protostar
1028:Accretion
1020:Formation
867:120834998
455:protostar
374:10 m
333:astronomy
268:Accretion
232:Protostar
65:Isolated
3036:Category
2651:Category
2474:Category
2369:Remnants
2265:Extremes
2225:Parallax
2198:Apparent
2188:Asterism
2166:Sunlight
2116:Globular
2101:Multiple
2026:Variable
2016:Rotation
1976:Dynamics
1867:Starspot
1541:Magnetar
1484:Remnants
1300:Subgiant
1273:Subdwarf
1125:post-AGB
551:See also
443:outflows
435:infrared
407:Bart Bok
172:Bart Bok
98:☉
91:☉
3070:Portals
3046:Commons
3010:Related
2978:Diffuse
2718:Nebulae
2675:Commons
2441:Gravity
2390:Related
2310:Nearest
2258:Chinese
2106:Cluster
2079:Contact
1916:Proplyd
1790:Remnant
1678:Blitzar
1652:Hawking
1608:Strange
1558:Burster
1514:Neutron
1467:Extreme
1418:He-weak
1063:T Tauri
921:Bibcode
890:Bibcode
847:Bibcode
810:Bibcode
808:: L21.
779:Bibcode
742:Bibcode
740:: L73.
700:Bibcode
698:: 255.
673:Bibcode
642:Bibcode
640:: 877.
577:IC 2944
572:NGC 281
528:NGC 281
505:IC 2944
431:visible
415:cocoons
401:History
174:, 1940s
157:Q213936
48:in the
3002:(SNRs)
2996:(PPNe)
2889:Clouds
2431:Galaxy
2419:Planet
2407:Desert
2315:bright
2253:Arabic
2074:Binary
1894:Bubble
1618:Planck
1593:Exotic
1529:Binary
1524:Pulsar
1462:Helium
1423:Barium
1366:Carbon
1359:Yellow
1347:Yellow
1320:Yellow
1159:PG1159
865:
395:double
391:helium
387:carbon
118:, and
116:helium
2990:(PNe)
2970:Lists
2436:Guest
2240:Lists
2121:Super
1775:Fusor
1648:Black
1633:Quark
1613:Preon
1598:Boson
1534:X-ray
1450:Shell
1403:Ap/Bp
1305:Giant
1223:Early
1169:OH/IR
999:Stars
863:S2CID
509:WFPC2
423:stars
73:Found
2111:Open
2006:Mass
1830:Core
1780:Nova
1673:Iron
1623:Dark
1433:Lead
1413:HgMn
1408:CEMP
1337:Blue
1310:Blue
1228:Late
1010:List
963:APOD
567:CG 4
425:and
357:mass
129:~1ly
62:Type
44:The
2412:Sub
2146:Sun
1565:SGR
1342:Red
1315:Red
961:at
898:doi
855:doi
843:404
818:doi
806:385
775:256
750:doi
738:365
708:doi
696:105
650:doi
480:).
476:" (
445:of
385:),
370:4.5
331:In
93:-50
3132::
1445:Be
1398:Am
1381:CH
1376:CN
1295:OB
1290:WR
896:.
886:75
884:.
861:.
853:.
841:.
816:.
804:.
800:.
773:.
748:.
736:.
732:.
720:^
706:.
694:.
648:.
638:75
636:.
624:^
615:.
600:.
478:CG
381:(H
335:,
114:,
110:,
3072::
2710:e
2703:t
2696:v
2520:e
2513:t
2506:v
1638:Q
1457:B
1371:S
1283:B
1278:O
1266:M
1261:K
1256:G
1251:F
1246:A
1241:B
1236:O
991:e
984:t
977:v
927:.
923::
904:.
900::
892::
869:.
857::
849::
826:.
820::
812::
785:.
781::
758:.
752::
744::
714:.
710::
702::
679:.
675::
656:.
652::
644::
383:2
372:Ă
320:e
313:t
306:v
95:M
88:M
86:2
20:)
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