38:
524:, however. The market contracted in the mid-1990s, leading to the closure of many Direct Market shops. Diamond and Capital City began closing local warehouses, moving from a decentralized model in which many local warehouses provided full service to a given area to a centralized one with a few shipping hubs and no local walk-in service at all. In 1994, Capital City created controversy by announcing penalties for publishers who didn't deliver their products within promised deadlines; this move followed an industry-wide push for 30-day returnability, a practice formerly in use when comics were primarily distributed in newsstands.
390:
together customer orders and re-shipping or delivering them from their own warehouses. Threats of legal action and the need for retailers to order very precise (and sometimes very small) quantities of items ended this practice for all but the largest customers by the end of the 1970s, and extended the ability to provide drop shipping to those large customers to all the direct distributors — by which time several of the newer distributors had multiple warehouses.
358:) market, which included drugstores, groceries, toy stores, convenience stores, and other magazine vendors, in which unsold units could be returned for credit, these purchases were non-returnable. In return, comics specialty retailers received larger discounts on the books they ordered, since the publisher did not carry the risk of giving credit for unsold units. Instead, distributors and retailers shouldered the risk, in exchange for greater profits.
552:, Diamond's main competitor at the time, either went out of business or were acquired by Diamond. Others established niches — such as re-orders — in which they could compete. When self-distribution failed to meet Marvel's objectives, they also signed an exclusive distribution deal with Diamond, which had by then become the primary supplier for the Direct Market.
456:
dozens, of sub-distributors who bought DC and Marvel product from these larger companies (and often the products of other, smaller publishers direct from those publishers), and re-sold to retailers. Most of these sub-distributors were in cities in which the direct distributors themselves did not (at least as yet) have warehouses, including
487:
From the mid-80s to the mid-90s, nearly every major urban area in the United States had at least one (and sometimes two or three) local direct distribution warehouses that functioned not only as distribution points for pre-ordered weekly shipments, but also as what could be described as "supermarkets
200:
Condition: the wire racks of grocery, drug, and toy stores were often only half the height of comic books, resulting in bent spines and dog-eared pages. In contrast, direct market retail outlets usually attempt to maintain their inventory in good condition. Their shelves are often the full height of
193:(est. November 1968), still is as of 2022 – in the process becoming the oldest known comic book store still in existence. In the 1970s, the development of the direct market allowed a widespread network of comic shops to flourish. The specialty shop presented a number of competitive advantages:
212:
Knowledge: The proprietors of direct-only stores are often collectors themselves, which means they are quite familiar with their inventories. Customers often have the option of phoning their orders in ahead of time, and by the time the customers arrive at the direct-only stores their orders will be
160:
still having the largest share. The establishment and growth of independent publishers and self-publishers, beginning in the late 1970s and continuing to the present, was made economically possible by the existence of a system that targets its retail audience, rather than relying on the scattershot
389:
retained an edge over its competitors in that it was able to provide "drop shipping" (the shipment of an order directly from the printer to the retailer) to its customers for quantities of 25 or multiples thereof per issue, while the newer distributors had to use more conventional methods, putting
368:
Direct distributors typically were much faster at getting the product into the hands of their customers than were IDs: a direct distribution warehouse generally had re-shipped a weekly batch of comics or delivered it to local customers within a day or two (sometimes within hours) of receiving the
148:
distribution, which operate on a sale-or-return model, direct market distribution prohibits distributors and retailers from returning their unsold merchandise for refunds. In exchange for more favorable ordering terms, retailers and distributors must gamble that they can accurately predict their
372:
Finally, another factor in creating demand for direct sales distribution was that many IDs refused to deal with comics specialty shops or with any retailer who dealt in back issues on any terms at all, fearing that used comics could be purchased by these shops from readers for pennies, and then
455:
By 1985, the number of direct distributors in North
America peaked with approximately twenty companies, many of them multi-warehouse operations, purchasing product for resale to retailers directly from either DC Comics, Marvel Comics, or both. There were also an unknown number, probably in the
204:
Content: direct-only stores could cater to older, more mature audiences, and thus can market material deemed too offensive (due to graphic violence, nudity, language, drug use, etc.) for grocery/drug/convenience/toy stores. In addition, due to the non-returnable nature of direct sales, typical
508:
shops) joined the Direct Market, carrying comics as a side business. By this time, Diamond and
Capital City each had approximately twenty warehouses from coast to coast, and both were functioning as fully national distributors. Several of their larger remaining competitors, notably Glenwood,
278:
recalled in a 1988 interview, " turning out 40, 50, 60 books a month, maybe more, and ... suddenly we went ... to either eight or 12 books a month, which was all
Independent News Distributors would accept from us." In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, Marvel revised the
433:). By the early 1980s, all the major publishers were producing material specifically for the new market, series that would probably not sell well enough on the newsstand, but sold well enough on a non-returnable basis to the more dedicated readers of the direct market to be profitable.
279:
constraining distribution arrangement with
Independent News it had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing Marvel now to release as many titles as demand warranted. By 1970, Independent News was defunct, absorbed into a larger and changing distribution business.
369:
books from the printer. By contrast, most IDs would usually take two or even three weeks to do so, though some moved more quickly. This factor was a strong drawing card for retailers whose customer base consisted principally of fans eager to see the new issues each week.
629:
explored distribution alternatives, including an increased focus on online retail of digital material. On April 17, 2020, DC announced that two new distributors would be shipping their comic books — Lunar
Distribution and UCS Comic Distributors, which are owned by
365:(and within two years, through other companies) were able to set their own orders for each issue of each title, something which many local IDs did not allow. This ability to fine-tune an order was crucial to the establishment of a non-returnable system.
2696:
335:(Madison, Wisconsin), Isis News (Minneapolis, Minnesota), and Well News Service (Columbus, Ohio). By the mid-1970s, Big Rapids had acquired all of its midwestern competitors; by that time, the market for underground comix had essentially dried up.
173:, grocery, drug, convenience, and toy stores. A handful of early comic book specialty shops first appeared in the late 1960s, stocking back issues as well as sourcing new releases from newsstand distributors and the new counterculture
205:
direct-only stores contain a substantial archive of back issues. These retailers could also stock ancillary merchandise such as figurines, posters, toys, and novelties that would not be expected to be stocked by newsstands, etc.
208:
Price: The older, more mature customers of direct-only stores are typically willing to pay several times more than the average customer of a grocery/drug/toy store. Cover prices approaching (or even exceeding) $ 5.00 became
608:
announced on March 24, 2020, a full suspension of distributing published material and related merchandise as of April 1, 2020, until further notice. As
Diamond has a near-monopoly on printed comic book distribution in
535:
their products; Heroes World also stopped carrying other publishers' books. Other distributors sought exclusive deals with other major publishers to compensate for the substantial loss of Marvel's business. DC Comics,
3087:
213:
set aside behind the counter (known as "pull and hold"). Direct-only store proprietors often arrange their inventory by publisher and/or genre, as opposed to the haphazard presentation of grocery/drug/toy stores.
646:
The list below includes sub-distributors, who bought their mainstream comics from one of the companies below but many of whom were on direct terms with one or more of the smaller or underground publishers.
384:
in the
Southeast were all operating by early 1974), essentially replacing the order-taking and fulfillment functions of newsstand distributors for the infant comic shop specialty market. For several years,
135:
The name is no longer a fully accurate description of the model by which it operates, but derives from its original implementation: retailers bypassing existing distributors to make "direct" purchases from
2688:
181:
by "Captain George" Henderson in the spring of 1966, one year later renamed to Memory Lane Books when it relocated to other premises in the city. The oldest US comic book store is reputed to have been
409:) was formed, consisting of all the distributors who purchased product directly from either DC, Marvel, or both. The IADD had annual conferences, issuing obscenity guidelines in 1987, and electing
2757:
2195:
201:
the comic book. Many stores also included backing boards and vinyl bags to further protect comics upon purchase (a practice that began in the 1980s and continues in some shops today).
152:
The emergence of this lower-risk distribution system is also credited with providing an opportunity for new comics publishers to enter the business, despite the two bigger publishers
2634:
568:. The growth of interest in comics among mainstream booksellers and book publishers led to several publishers arranging for bookstore distribution outside of Diamond (for example,
2285:
185:'s San Francisco Comic Book Company which was established in April 1968 in the namesake city. Neither store is in existence anymore, though the third oldest known one, the Dutch
149:
customers' demand for products. Each month's surplus inventory, meanwhile, could be archived and sold later, driving the development of an organized market for "back issues."
3084:
420:
As early as 1980, Marvel Comics saw the growth potential of the direct market, and by 1981 was putting out a number of titles geared specifically to that market (including
2135:
393:
Newsstand distribution through the IDs continued at the same time (and indeed remained dominant for years afterward, on its conventional returnable, low-discount terms).
4052:
2447:
2779:
909:
Owned by Mark
Thompson and Tim Stroup. Specialized in small-press and independent comics; in March 1998, acquired the assets of Minnesota-based Downtown Distribution
1370:
Began by acquiring the assets of Cold Cut
Distribution. Primarily focused on non-exclusive independent publishers; formally out of business as of October 31, 2011.
2723:
2049:
177:. The oldest known such comics specialty shop in North America (or worldwide for that matter) has been Canadian comic book store Viking Bookshop, established in
2665:
1303:
Sold in 1986, they went through a financial crunch in the spring of 1987, were sued by four publishers that summer, and declared bankruptcy in the fall of 1987
1271:
Owner's name was Frank W. Mangiaracina. "Registered agent" located in Gary, Indiana; owner's offices located in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. Their catalog was called
3258:
2800:
At least two other direct distribution companies existed, in addition to than those listed below: one in
Georgia, and one in New York following the demise of
2579:
2550:
2608:
3048:
2517:""Diamond Comic Distributors acquires Capital City Distribution; Comic distribution industry stabilized by purchase," bNet: Business Wire (July 26, 1996)"
274:), was forced to switch from American News to that of its biggest rival, Independent News, which imposed draconian restrictions. As then-Atlas editor
1834:
332:
323:(c. 1970), and Charles Abar Distribution. Around 1970, underground distributors sprang up in various regions of the U.S., including Los Angeles —
504:). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, as the popularity of comics collecting grew, many new comics shops opened, and existing retailers (such as
2750:
2250:
2187:
701:
376:
By the mid-1970s, other direct sales distribution concerns had sprung up, mostly regionally based (Donahoe Brothers in the Great Lakes region,
2354:
2104:
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Sub-distributor started by former Donahoe Brothers employee Jim Friel. (The name "The Comic Distributor" was later taken by Mark Hylton of
2923:
41:
2630:
2097:"Vintage Toronto Ads: Memory Lane – The story of "Captain George" Henderson, Toronto's first retailer to specialize in comic books"
488:
for retailers", where store owners could shop for reorders and examine and purchase product that they might not have ordered in advance.
2520:
37:
2275:
1024:
Operated by Ron Foreman and Walter Wang; also a retailer — the retailer business was acquired by Fantasy Books & Games in mid-1995
402:
2476:
Gray, Bob. "Newswatch: Marvel Buys 3rd Largest Distributor: Heroes World Purchase Signals Fundamental Changes in the Direct Market,"
638:, respectively. On April 28, 2020, Diamond announced that shipping to retailers would resume on May 20, after a seven-week shutdown.
4062:
2876:
2463:"Newswatch: Capital Announces Controversial Penalty Fees for Publishers: Move Follows Industry-wide Push for 30-day Returnability,"
2319:
3316:
308:
248:
2801:
2127:
1988:
2444:
2220:
2165:
2771:
3760:
2817:
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As newsstand sales continued to decline, the Direct Market became the primary market of the two major comics publishers (
3865:
3251:
3289:
2719:
4057:
4047:
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Several of the new distributors lasted a relatively short time, and were succeeded by more competitive organizations;
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804:
605:
545:
437:
410:
338:
The direct market was created in the early 1970s in response to the declining market for mainstream comic books on
108:
4067:
3339:
2907:
Gray, Bob. "Newswatch: Marvel vs. Comics Unlimited : Marvel Cuts Off Distributor, Forcing Sale to Diamond,"
2600:
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Timing: direct-market specialty shops were often able to obtain new issues a week earlier than newsstand vendors.
3044:
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1904:
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1720:
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484:(California). Many of them were eventually absorbed by the companies which had been their principal suppliers.
3354:
1882:
1530:. In late 1981, the company filed for Chapter 11, and in 1982 it sold the distribution end of the business to
3243:
Beerbohm, Robert L. "Secret Origins of the Direct Market, part 2: Phil Seuling and the Undergrounds Emerge,"
1910:
604:
authorities in affected regions ordering non-essential retail sectors and businesses closed for the interim.
3835:
3664:
3644:
3589:
3569:
3524:
2013:
1963:
1852:
1819:
1690:
1563:
1431:
1147:
1056:
931:
739:
449:
422:
328:
57:
3614:
2891:
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1130:
914:
887:
771:
350:
approached publishers in 1972 to purchase comics directly from them, rather than going through traditional
2689:"Final Crisis? Diamond Comic Distributors Halts Shipments Of New Comics In Response To COVID-19 Shutdowns"
2516:
1898:
1500:
1380:
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played an important role as retailers of those publications. The underground comix movement was based in
1958:
1916:
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1543:
1441:
1347:
1340:
1308:
1169:
904:
386:
362:
316:
240:
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1803:
295:, which proliferated in the mid-1960s. As underground comix were not sold in newsstands or drugstores,
1225:
998:
227:
Before the direct market, from the 1930s through the 1960s, most comic books were distributed through
3920:
3860:
3384:
3309:
3254:
Westfield Comics (Nov. 16, 2009) — the inner workings of Capital City Distribution in the early 1980s
1929:
1752:
1747:
1729:
1613:
1034:
532:
481:
267:
90:
45:
3394:
937:
840:
613:, this was described as an "extinction-level event" that threatened to drive the entire specialized
531:, by that time the third largest distributor behind Diamond and Capital City, with the intention of
3775:
3689:
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3519:
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3404:
2351:
1509:
1135:
973:
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867:
681:
65:
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had their own distributor, Capital Distribution Company (not to be confused with the later entity
3619:
3464:
1945:
1840:
1072:
819:
469:
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and Nova — and the Midwest — Donahoe Brothers Inc. (Ann Arbor, Michigan), Keep On Truckin' Coop/
291:
movement of the late 1960s was part of an alternative distribution network that also served the
2920:
1411:
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2315:
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1504:
1165:
919:
767:
763:
622:
597:
541:
320:
292:
288:
174:
112:
102:
3259:"Comics Distribution: An Historical View and Predictive Query," Comicon.com (Sept. 18, 1999).
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614:
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28:
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by a month or two). The Donahoes had been in business for about a year, dealing first with
564:
market began to challenge the Direct Market as a channel for sales of increasingly popular
560:
In the early 2000s, Diamond continued to dominate direct-market distribution. However, the
4011:
3955:
3950:
3915:
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3845:
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1935:
1713:
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1122:
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521:
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381:
324:
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125:
93:(the distribution arm of the publishing company), which since 1 October 2021 distributes
140:. The defining characteristic of the direct market however is non-returnability: unlike
111:, which distributes most, if not all, non-DC/Marvel/Image/IDW/Dark Horse comics (having
3986:
3981:
3940:
3800:
3770:
3750:
3649:
3499:
3424:
2631:"COVID-19: Ontario to close all non-essential businesses; Schools won't reopen April 6"
1808:
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732:
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618:
465:
377:
343:
312:
182:
98:
2188:"Gary Arlington (1938-2014), Owner of the First Comic Book Store in the United States"
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distributor founded in 1970; began mainstream comics distribution in early 1975, when
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3715:
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2454:"The 1900s: 10 biggest events from 100 years in comics," CBGXtra.com (Dec. 12, 2005).
1858:
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17:
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3624:
3599:
3549:
3544:
3529:
3459:
3454:
3439:
3429:
3158:"Newswatch: Pioneering direct-sales distributor Sea Gate files for bankruptcy,"
2251:"Stan the Man & Roy the Boy: A Conversation Between Stan Lee and Roy Thomas"
1968:
1939:
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517:
505:
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236:
116:
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3271:
2751:"Inside DC's New Print Distribution Plan (And The New Distributors Involved),"
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351:
304:
296:
232:
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145:
141:
2072:"DARK HORSE EXPANDS PARTNERSHIP WITH PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE PUBLISHER SERVICES"
4026:
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3815:
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3674:
3654:
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3489:
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3374:
3045:"Cold Cut Becomes Haven Distributors," Comics Worth Reading (Mar. 16, 2008).
1578:
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722:
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510:
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80:
61:
2930:
Diamond Comic Distributors, Inc. official website. Accessed Feb. 10, 2015.
3971:
3905:
3720:
3629:
3494:
2391:"Newswatch: Distributor Organization Issues Guidelines About Obscenity,"
2040:"Marvel Comics Shifts to New Distributor in Industry-Rattling Move – IGN"
1641:
1356:
1289:
1107:
978:
954:
748:
710:
569:
275:
3272:"The Origin of the Comics Direct Market - 1994 interview with Ed Shukin"
2720:"DC Exploring 'Multi-Distributor Model' to Deal with Coronavirus Crisis"
3976:
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2218:
Tales From the Database: Destroying the Entry Point of Most New Readers
1725:
1478:
1352:
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950:
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cycled back through the system as returns for full credit at a profit.
303:
and a number of distributors originated in the Bay Area, including the
190:
178:
1942:-focused distributor run by Peter Pavement; operated from 1994 to 2001
1825:
Sub-distributor; their personnel later became the nucleus of an early
3325:
1406:) at the time of its acquisition and out of business soon thereafter
982:
706:
461:
2888:
3119:"Direct Distribution," in Duin, Steve and Richardson, Mike (ed.s),
3085:"Comics Publisher Last Gasp Shuts Down its Distribution Operation,"
119:
Marvel Comics, Image Comics, IDW Publishing, and Dark Horse Comics.
845:
1090:
Sub-distributor started by Phil Pankow and initially supplied by
34:
Dominant distribution and retail network for American comic books
3236:
Beerbohm, Robert L. "A Few Origins of the Direct Sales Market,"
2921:"Diamond Timeline Chronicles 30 Years of Service & Success,"
2815:"Returning to the Topic of My 1979 Visit to the Marvel Offices,"
2775:
3298:
3108:
Comic Shop: The Retail Mavericks Who Gave Us a New Geek Culture
1331:
Distributor of hand-made and hard-to-find comics co-founded by
68:. The concept of the direct market was created in the 1970s by
2044:
3229:
Beerbohm, Robert L. "A Short Synopsis of the Direct Market,"
3064:
2158:"Comics History: Underground comix and the underground press"
1948:— operated from 1978 to 1993, when it was acquired by Diamond
1932:— operated from 1986 to 1991, when it was acquired by Diamond
1603:
Retailer, publisher, and distributor; went bankrupt in 1984
1593:
Bankruptcy; distribution centers and warehouses acquired by
1180:, and finally (and only for about two or three months) with
307:(beginning c. 1969), the already mentioned comic book store
3017:"Newswatch: Four Publishers Sue Glenwood For Non-Payment,"
2658:"Diamond Comic Distributors No Longer Taking In New Comics"
1220:
Still active retailer that once acted as a sub-distributor
544:, and several smaller publishers made exclusive deals with
2014:"Image Comics Leaves Diamond Comic Distributors for Lunar"
361:
Additionally, retailers ordering comics through Seuling's
3294:
2824:
Tales From the Database, MileHighComics.com (March 2004).
2445:"Nov. 17, 1992: A $ 30 Million Day — and the Days After,"
354:
distribution companies. Unlike the newsstand, or ID (for
3030:"Newswatch: Glenwood Distributors Declares Bankruptcy,"
2965:"Newswatch: Friendly Frank's Consolidates and Expands,"
1989:"How PRH Could Expand the Market for Comics Periodicals"
1891:(Calgary, Alberta) — acquired by Portland, Oregon-based
774:
of nearby Ann Arbor went under. Two former employees —
131:
other retailers of comic books and related merchandise.
1464:
Founded as a publisher; began distributing soon after
161:
approach embodied in the returnable newsstand system.
3290:"A Brief History of the American Comic Book Industry"
3145:"Newswatch: New Media Distribution out of Business,"
2978:"Newswatch: Capital City Acquires Friendly Frank's,"
2277:
International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 10
617:
sector out of business. As a result, publishers like
239:. The major distributors during this period included
3132:"Newswatch: NM in Trouble, to File for Chapter 11,"
2404:"Newswatch: Diamond's Steve Geppi Elected IADD VP,"
1631:, posters, and other products of the counterculture
3964:
3698:
3332:
2898:
Cold Cut official website. Accessed March 31, 2017.
2772:"Diamond to resume weekly new product distribution"
311:(which doubled as a publisher, beginning c. 1970),
3213:"Newswatch: Diamond Acquires Titan Distributors,"
2284:/ St. James Press, via FundingUniverse.com. 1995.
693:operated in the 1980s; in 1985 acquired assets of
2238:Dick Giordano: Changing Comics, One Day at a Time
1627:Also a publisher and retailer; mostly focused on
625:suspended publication of their periodicals while
2745:
2743:
2741:
2310:Estren, Mark James (1993). "Foreword: Onward!".
1659:Essentially the first direct market distributor
403:International Association of Direct Distributors
2846:"Newswatch: Texas Distributor calls it quits,"
2502:"Newswatch: Tip 11: Go Exclusive with Diamond"
1152:The second direct distributor (pre-dating both
513:, had either sold out or gone out of business.
3238:Comic Book Store Wars, the First Hundred Years
2939:"Retail Chain Doubles Size with Acquisition,"
1861:and John Davis, who later went on to co-found
1184:when they went out of business. Also known as
401:In the early 1980s, a trade organization, the
169:Prior to the 1970s, most comics were found in
3310:
8:
3265:"Comic Book Distribution: A Modest Proposal"
2952:"Newswatch: Independent Meets Its Destiny,"
2543:"Tokyopop Signs Alliance with HarperCollins"
2352:"Notes From Me," POV Online (Dec. 31, 2004).
3197:"Newswatch: Second Genesis Absorbs Comex,"
3123:(Dark Horse Publishing, 1998), pp. 126-130.
3004:"Newswatch: Glenwood in financial crunch,"
2601:"Diamond Moves into Bookstore Distribution"
2305:
2303:
1885:(Toronto, Ontario) — managed by Robert Myre
3317:
3303:
3295:
2489:Gertler, Nat. "Marvel Buys Heroes World,"
2346:
2344:
654:
3209:
3207:
2991:"Newswatch: Glenwood Distributors Sold,"
2572:"W.W. Norton To Distribute Fantagraphics"
2370:"Direct Distribution" in Duin, Steve and
2259:. No. 2. Summer 1998. Archived from
380:Distributors in Southern California, and
4053:1972 establishments in the United States
2126:VanderPloeg, Scott (14 September 2011).
1879:(Toronto, Ontario) — established in 1989
36:
1979:
1835:Wisconsin Independent News Distributors
527:In early 1995, Marvel Comics purchased
333:Wisconsin Independent News Distributors
91:Penguin Random House Publisher Services
3171:"Second Genesis Delaying Its Exodus,"
2314:. Ronin Publishing. pp. 7–8, 10.
2198:from the original on 18 September 2017
2138:from the original on 20 September 2017
2107:from the original on 20 September 2017
1398:The third largest distributor (behind
702:Alternate Realities Distributing, Inc.
548:. Most other distributors, including
79:Lunar Distribution (which distributes
72:. The network currently consists of:
3247:#7 (February 2000), pp. 116–125.
2240:(TwoMorrows Publishing, 2003), p. 42.
7:
2274:"Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.".
2095:Bradburn, Jamie (2 September 2015).
1712:Originally owned by Hal Schuster of
1125:distribution centers and warehouses
516:Such rapid growth (due partially to
101:, and since 1 June 2023 distributes
2052:from the original on March 25, 2021
2833:"Bud Plant Sells Out to Diamond,"
2756:(April 17, 2020). Archived at the
2726:from the original on 29 March 2020
2699:from the original on 30 March 2020
2668:from the original on 29 March 2020
2637:from the original on 29 March 2020
2417:"Marvel Focuses On Direct Sales,"
2334:Distributor information, indicia,
2288:from the original on July 11, 2011
2038:Schedeen, Jesse (March 25, 2021).
855:Accounts acquired by Action Direct
727:Wholesale distributor operated by
25:
3252:"KC Column: Scaling Mount Baron,"
2782:from the original on June 1, 2020
2770:Griepp, Milton (April 29, 2020).
2629:Crawford, Blair (24 March 2020).
2523:from the original on May 25, 2012
1987:Salkowitz, Rob (April 12, 2021).
1146:Bankruptcy; accounts acquired by
965:Acquired by Glenwood Distributors
809:Wholesale distribution operation
778:and John Davis — went on to form
42:Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash
2956:#139 (December 1990), pp. 12-13.
2687:Salkowitz, Rob (23 March 2020).
2467:#166 (February 1994), pp. 17–26.
2227:." Mile High Comics, March 2004.
968:Started by retailer Bob Hellems
417:as IADD Vice President in 1988.
321:Keith Green/Industrial Realities
309:San Francisco Comic Book Company
249:National Periodical Publications
97:, since 1 June 2022 distributes
76:three major comic distributors:
3074:. Accessed December 17th, 2011.
2802:East Coast Seagate Distribution
2718:Arrant, Chris (28 March 2020).
2656:Johnson, Rich (23 March 2020).
2611:from the original on 2022-04-19
2582:from the original on 2022-04-19
2553:from the original on 2022-04-19
2480:#174 (February 1995), p. 15-22.
2312:A History of Underground Comics
2168:from the original on 2017-09-20
3162:#101 (August 1985), pp. 17-18.
3110:(Ohio University Press, 2017).
2911:# 171 (Sept. 1994), pp. 23-30.
2633:. Ottawa Citizen. Post-Media.
2421:#59 (October 1980), pp. 11-12.
2280:. Farmington Hills, Michigan:
2186:Dorn, Lori (6 February 2014).
1877:Andromeda Distributing Limited
1244:Primarily supplied back-stock
1:
3761:Consignment store (East Asia)
3034:#117 (September 1987), p. 12.
2395:#117 (September 1987), p. 14.
3866:Neighborhood shopping center
3485:Gardening supplies (outdoor)
3217:#162 (Oct. 1993), pp. 35-36.
3175:#140 (February 1991), p. 13.
3021:#116 (July 1987), pp. 17-18.
2982:#178 (July 1995), pp. 13-15.
2837:#124 (August 1988), p. 9-10.
2493:, v. 1, no. 2 (1995), p. 17.
3876:Omnichannel retail strategy
3490:Gardening supplies (indoor)
3475:General line of merchandise
3051:September 30, 2008, at the
2850:#99 (June 1985), pp. 17-18.
2408:#125 (October 1988), p. 25.
1893:Second Genesis Distribution
1665:Second Genesis Distribution
1574:Pacific Comics Distributors
1494:Discount Comic Book Service
1188:; their catalog was called
1051:Sub-distributor started by
632:Discount Comic Book Service
346:organizer and comic dealer
115:with those publishers) and
4084:
3184:"Sunrise Creditors Meet,"
3136:#70 (January 1982], p. 16.
3047:Retrieved Sept. 8, 2008.
2128:"Canada's 1st Comic Shop?"
1536:Diamond Comic Distributors
1099:Diamond Comic Distributors
1055:and initially supplied by
1030:Common Ground Distributors
642:Direct market distributors
606:Diamond Comic Distributors
546:Diamond Comic Distributors
438:Diamond Comic Distributors
411:Diamond Comic Distributors
165:Comic book specialty shops
109:Diamond Comic Distributors
26:
3201:#128 (April 1988), p. 15.
3121:Comics Between the Panels
3043:Carlson, Johanna Draper.
3008:#115 (April 1987), p. 23.
2943:#180 (Sept. 1995), p. 29.
2865:Comics Between the Panels
2430:"The Direct Sales Boom,"
2376:Comics Between the Panels
1905:Multi-Book and Periodical
1863:Capital City Distribution
1827:Capital City Distribution
1721:Southern Fantasies/C.I.B.
1599:Capital City Distribution
1534:(who immediately founded
1376:Heroes World Distribution
863:Charles Abar Distribution
815:Capital City Distribution
780:Capital City Distribution
586:Diamond Book Distributors
584:), while Diamond created
550:Capital City Distribution
446:Capital City Distribution
261:Capital City Distribution
4063:Distribution (marketing)
3188:#122 (June 1988), p. 22.
2969:#167 (Apr. 1994), p. 30.
2506:#185 (Mar. 1996), p. 27.
1883:Big Picture Distribution
1768:Scott Mitchell Rosenberg
1696:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1186:Comic Center Enterprises
793:Grass Valley, California
251:, the parent company of
189:-based comic book store
27:Not to be confused with
3836:Junior department store
3525:Home improvement center
2361:Accessed Oct. 14, 2014.
1964:Comic strip syndication
1911:Robin Hood Distribution
1853:Big Rapids Distribution
1820:Big Rapids Distribution
1691:Solar Spice and Liquors
1564:Big Rapids Distribution
1432:Big Rapids Distribution
1148:Big Rapids Distribution
1057:Big Rapids Distribution
932:Big Rapids Distribution
740:Big Rapids Distribution
450:Big Rapids Distribution
356:independent distributor
329:Big Rapids Distribution
124:the majority of comics
3665:Tickets (online sales)
3615:Photographic retailers
3149:#72 (May 1982), p. 16.
2995:#108 (May 1986), p.21.
2863:(ed.s) "Bud Plant" in
2443:Miller, John Jackson.
2434:#64 (July 1981), p. 7.
1774:UCS Comic Distributors
1501:New Media Distribution
1461:Defunct as distributor
1381:Morristown, New Jersey
1217:Defunct as distributor
1158:New Media Distribution
49:
3610:Pets and pet supplies
3340:Agricultural supplies
2869:Dark Horse Publishing
2382:, 1998), pp. 126-130.
2380:Dark Horse Publishing
2263:on February 18, 2009.
1959:Comic book collecting
1637:Sea Gate Distributors
1339:; was partnered with
1281:Glenwood Distributors
1170:Atlas/Seaboard Comics
1131:Donahoe Brothers Inc.
915:The Comic Distributor
888:Cold Cut Distribution
772:Donahoe Brothers Inc.
363:Sea Gate Distributors
331:(Detroit, Michigan),
247:, which was owned by
241:American News Company
40:
3921:Store-within-a-store
3861:Military cooperative
3605:Personal accessories
3420:Consumer electronics
3233:#1029 (Summer 1993).
3231:Comics Buyer's Guide
1930:Neptune Distribution
1919:(Winnipeg, Manitoba)
1899:Galileo Distributors
1753:Commerce, California
1748:Sunrise Distribution
1614:Berkeley, California
1064:Destiny Distributors
1035:Berkeley, California
452:in the marketplace.
66:American comic books
46:Red Bank, New Jersey
44:comic book store in
3776:Experiential retail
3660:Tickets (reselling)
3655:Equestrian supplies
3580:Musical instruments
1913:(Oakville, Ontario)
1901:(Edmonton, Alberta)
1510:Rockville, Maryland
1136:Ann Arbor, Michigan
903:Assets acquired by
893:Salinas, California
868:Belmont, California
682:Kansas City, Kansas
18:Comic book retailer
4058:Comics terminology
4048:1972 comics debuts
3215:The Comics Journal
3199:The Comics Journal
3186:The Comics Journal
3173:The Comics Journal
3160:The Comics Journal
3147:The Comics Journal
3134:The Comics Journal
3090:2021-06-30 at the
3070:2011-12-29 at the
3063:Stahlberg, Lance.
3032:The Comics Journal
3019:The Comics Journal
3006:The Comics Journal
2993:The Comics Journal
2980:The Comics Journal
2967:The Comics Journal
2954:The Comics Journal
2941:The Comics Journal
2926:2015-02-11 at the
2909:The Comics Journal
2894:2015-08-13 at the
2848:The Comics Journal
2835:The Comics Journal
2820:2009-12-31 at the
2504:The Comics Journal
2478:The Comics Journal
2465:The Comics Journal
2450:2007-10-26 at the
2432:The Comics Journal
2419:The Comics Journal
2406:The Comics Journal
2393:The Comics Journal
2357:2014-10-19 at the
2336:The Comics Journal
2223:2015-04-24 at the
2216:Rozanski, Chuck. "
2132:comicbookdaily.com
1946:Titan Distributors
1917:Styx International
1907:(Toronto, Ontario)
1889:Comex Distributors
1857:Eventually run by
1841:Madison, Wisconsin
1470:Lunar Distribution
1348:Haven Distributors
1309:Global Hobo Distro
905:Haven Distribution
820:Madison, Wisconsin
50:
4035:
4034:
3936:Tax-free shopping
3736:Cashierless store
3595:Outdoor equipment
3245:Comic Book Artist
3095:Publishers Weekly
2889:"About Cold Cut,"
2813:Rozanski, Chuck.
2338:#45 (March 1979).
2256:Comic Book Artist
2192:laughingsquid.com
1868:
1867:
1804:Well News Service
1629:underground comix
1505:Irjax Enterprises
1166:Warren Publishing
920:Lansing, Michigan
768:underground comix
764:underground press
623:Dark Horse Comics
615:comic book retail
598:COVID-19 pandemic
542:Dark Horse Comics
533:self-distributing
448:largely replaced
293:underground press
289:underground comix
175:underground comix
103:Dark Horse Comics
16:(Redirected from
4075:
4068:Comics retailers
3896:Second-hand shop
3766:Department store
3726:Brick and mortar
3585:Newsagent's shop
3565:Medicinal plants
3365:Automotive parts
3360:Automotive fuel
3355:Arts and crafts
3319:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3218:
3211:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3182:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3117:
3111:
3104:
3098:
3081:
3075:
3061:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2989:
2983:
2976:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2918:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2886:
2880:
2861:Richardson, Mike
2859:Duin, Steve and
2857:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2825:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2767:
2761:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2372:Richardson, Mike
2368:
2362:
2348:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2247:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1670:Portland, Oregon
1568:Sub-distributor
1436:Sub-distributor
1250:Friendly Frank's
1226:FM International
999:Comics Unlimited
733:Nanette Rozanski
729:Mile High Comics
658:Distributor name
655:
245:Independent News
126:specialty stores
56:is the dominant
29:Direct marketing
21:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
3960:
3956:Warehouse store
3951:Vending machine
3916:Specialty store
3856:Micro-retailing
3846:Lifestyle store
3741:Category killer
3694:
3680:Vaping products
3625:Religious goods
3590:Office supplies
3370:Beauty products
3328:
3323:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3263:Luttrell, Hank
3226:
3221:
3212:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3127:
3118:
3114:
3105:
3101:
3097:(Dec 07, 2016).
3092:Wayback Machine
3082:
3078:
3072:Wayback Machine
3062:
3058:
3053:Wayback Machine
3042:
3038:
3029:
3025:
3016:
3012:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2986:
2977:
2973:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2928:Wayback Machine
2919:
2915:
2906:
2902:
2896:Wayback Machine
2887:
2883:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2828:
2822:Wayback Machine
2812:
2808:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2758:Wayback Machine
2749:Arrant, Chris.
2748:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2488:
2484:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2458:
2452:Wayback Machine
2442:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2369:
2365:
2359:Wayback Machine
2350:Evanier, Mark.
2349:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2236:Eury, Michael.
2235:
2231:
2225:Wayback Machine
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1955:
1936:Slab-O-Concrete
1926:
1873:
1714:New Media/Irjax
1520:Assets sold to
1174:Charlton Comics
1123:New Media/Irjax
1053:Robert Beerbohm
653:
644:
594:
558:
556:2000s and 2010s
494:
442:New Media/Irjax
399:
382:New Media/Irjax
325:George DiCaprio
285:
283:1960s and 1970s
257:Charlton Comics
225:
220:
167:
113:exclusive deals
83:since 2020 and
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Duty-free shop
3984:
3982:Direct sellers
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3941:Unmanned store
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:Give-away shop
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3771:Discount store
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:Closeout store
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3650:Survival store
3647:
3645:Sporting goods
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:Party supplies
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Magic supplies
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3515:Hobby supplies
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3288:Stewart, Alan
3286:
3268:
3267:, 20th Century
3261:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3203:
3190:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3112:
3106:Gearino, Dan.
3099:
3076:
3056:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2984:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2932:
2913:
2900:
2881:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2806:
2793:
2762:
2737:
2710:
2679:
2648:
2621:
2592:
2563:
2534:
2508:
2495:
2482:
2469:
2456:
2436:
2423:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2363:
2340:
2327:
2320:
2299:
2266:
2242:
2229:
2209:
2178:
2149:
2118:
2101:torontoist.com
2087:
2063:
2030:
2005:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1933:
1925:
1924:United Kingdom
1922:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1809:Columbus, Ohio
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:Midtown Comics
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1744:
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1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1701:
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1677:
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1667:
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1660:
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1651:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1595:Bud Plant Inc.
1591:
1588:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
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1466:
1465:
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1459:
1456:
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1434:
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1414:
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1407:
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1218:
1215:
1212:
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3977:Butcher shop
3901:Self-service
3881:Outlet store
3806:Haberdashers
3731:Butcher shop
3560:Medications
3279:. Retrieved
3275:
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2879:, p. 356-357
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2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2765:
2753:
2728:. Retrieved
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2692:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2661:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2624:
2613:. Retrieved
2604:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2555:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
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2400:
2392:
2387:
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2311:
2290:. Retrieved
2276:
2269:
2261:the original
2254:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2212:
2202:18 September
2200:. Retrieved
2191:
2181:
2170:. Retrieved
2161:
2152:
2142:18 September
2140:. Retrieved
2131:
2121:
2111:18 September
2109:. Retrieved
2100:
2090:
2079:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2022:. Retrieved
2020:. 2023-05-24
2017:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:
1982:
1851:Acquired by
1818:Acquired by
1706:Acquired by
1679:Acquired by
1562:Acquired by
1528:Hal Schuster
1430:Acquired by
1404:Capital City
1391:Acquired by
1337:Jesse Reklaw
1272:
1267:Capital City
1265:Acquired by
1207:Pennsylvania
1203:Philadelphia
1189:
1185:
1083:Acquired by
1047:Capital City
1045:Acquired by
1018:Acquired by
930:Acquired by
877:Acquired by
830:Acquired by
803:Acquired by
721:Acquired by
694:
661:Headquarters
645:
600:resulted in
595:
582:W. W. Norton
559:
538:Image Comics
529:Heroes World
526:
515:
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486:
478:Indianapolis
476:(Michigan),
458:Philadelphia
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348:Phil Seuling
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237:candy stores
226:
168:
151:
134:
87:since 2023);
85:Image Comics
70:Phil Seuling
64:network for
58:distribution
53:
51:
4002:Museum shop
3911:Smartstores
3831:Jumble sale
3826:Hypermarket
3821:Honesty box
3811:High Street
3786:Garage sale
3781:Foodservice
3746:Chain store
3690:Video games
3620:Real estate
3530:Ironmongery
3505:Health food
3460:Fruit stand
3455:Foodservice
3430:Doujin shop
3083:Aoki, Deb.
2162:lambiek.net
1969:Quarter bin
1940:small press
1757:early 1980s
1549:Los Angeles
1532:Steve Geppi
1417:Minneapolis
1077:early 1980s
962:early 1980s
762:Originally
731:and run by
518:speculation
506:sports card
415:Steve Geppi
4042:Categories
4012:Pharmacies
3997:Food truck
3992:Food booth
3931:Superstore
3851:Mall kiosk
3640:Skate shop
3570:Motorcycle
3520:Home decor
3510:Herbal tea
3333:By product
3281:2008-03-06
3224:References
2615:2022-04-27
2586:2022-04-27
2557:2022-04-27
2172:2017-09-18
2081:2023-06-04
2024:2023-06-04
1848:late 1970s
1815:late 1970s
1763:Bankruptcy
1656:Bankruptcy
1609:Print Mint
1583:California
1553:California
1475:Fort Wayne
1451:California
1318:California
1300:Bankruptcy
1197:Fat Jack's
1121:Inherited
1073:Washington
759:Bankruptcy
431:the Savage
352:periodical
340:newsstands
305:Print Mint
297:head shops
233:pharmacies
229:newsstands
223:Background
171:newsstands
146:news stand
142:book store
138:publishers
117:wholesales
4027:Tuck shop
4022:Tack shop
4007:Pawn shop
3926:Superette
3871:Off-price
3841:Junk shop
3816:Head shop
3796:Gift shop
3699:By format
3535:Jewellery
3465:Furniture
3390:Chocolate
2754:Newsarama
2527:March 11,
2056:March 25,
1579:San Diego
1559:mid-1970s
1442:Last Gasp
1427:mid-1970s
1421:Minnesota
1412:Isis News
1341:Last Gasp
1286:St. Louis
1231:Wisconsin
1199:Comicrypt
1182:DC Comics
1104:Baltimore
1092:Bud Plant
879:Bud Plant
723:Bud Plant
627:DC Comics
562:bookstore
511:Bud Plant
498:DC Comics
440:replaced
317:Last Gasp
266:In 1957,
253:DC Comics
187:Amsterdam
158:DC Comics
81:DC Comics
3972:Boutique
3906:Showroom
3721:Boutique
3685:Vehicles
3630:Sex shop
3540:Lingerie
3500:Hardware
3445:Flowers
3380:Cannabis
3350:Antiques
3088:Archived
3068:Archived
3049:Archived
2924:Archived
2892:Archived
2871:, 1998)
2818:Archived
2780:Archived
2730:29 March
2724:Archived
2703:29 March
2697:Archived
2672:29 March
2666:Archived
2641:29 March
2635:Archived
2609:Archived
2605:icv2.com
2580:Archived
2576:icv2.com
2551:Archived
2547:icv2.com
2521:Archived
2448:Archived
2374:(ed.s).
2355:Archived
2286:Archived
2221:Archived
2196:Archived
2166:Archived
2136:Archived
2105:Archived
2050:Archived
1953:See also
1795:Part of
1782:New York
1646:New York
1642:Brooklyn
1492:Part of
1357:Illinois
1290:Missouri
1108:Maryland
1008:New York
979:Honolulu
955:Michigan
749:Michigan
711:Colorado
580:through
572:through
570:Tokyopop
482:Berkeley
468:(Ohio),
466:Columbus
319:(1970),
315:(1970),
276:Stan Lee
3965:By type
3891:Pretail
3711:Automat
3670:Tobacco
3435:Eyewear
3425:Cycles
3400:Clothes
3385:Cheese
3345:Alcohol
3240:(1995).
2786:June 2,
1895:in 1988
1829:branch
1766:Run by
1760:c. 1988
1740:Defunct
1737:c. 1994
1730:Georgia
1726:Atlanta
1708:Diamond
1700:c. 1981
1683:in 1990
1681:Diamond
1624:Defunct
1621:c. 1975
1618:c. 1969
1587:c. 1974
1526:Run by
1522:Diamond
1479:Indiana
1400:Diamond
1395:in 1995
1367:Defunct
1353:Chicago
1328:Defunct
1325:c. 2012
1294:c. 1980
1241:Defunct
1164:, then
1140:c. 1970
1085:Diamond
1069:Seattle
1020:Diamond
991:Defunct
951:Detroit
832:Diamond
805:Diamond
745:Detroit
690:Defunct
664:Founded
474:Lansing
470:Madison
423:Dazzler
387:Seagate
270:(later
218:History
209:common.
191:Lambiek
179:Toronto
3545:Lumber
3410:Comics
3395:Cigars
3326:Retail
2875:
2693:Forbes
2318:
1998:31 May
1871:Canada
1837:(WIND)
1792:Active
1489:Active
1176:, and
1118:Active
983:Hawaii
707:Denver
673:Notes
667:Closed
520:) was
480:, and
462:Boston
429:Ka-Zar
235:, and
154:Marvel
62:retail
3635:Shoes
3575:Music
3405:Coins
3375:Books
1975:Notes
846:Texas
592:2020s
576:, or
492:1990s
397:1980s
268:Atlas
128:, and
105:; and
3675:Toys
3555:Meat
3495:Guns
3480:Gold
3450:Food
3440:Fish
3276:ICv2
2873:ISBN
2788:2020
2776:ICv2
2732:2020
2705:2020
2674:2020
2643:2020
2529:2009
2316:ISBN
2294:2011
2282:Gale
2204:2017
2144:2017
2113:2017
2058:2021
2000:2023
1993:ICv2
1845:1971
1786:2020
1734:1986
1703:1982
1676:1991
1653:1985
1650:1972
1597:and
1590:1985
1544:Nova
1517:1982
1514:1973
1483:2020
1458:2017
1455:1970
1402:and
1388:1997
1385:1975
1364:2011
1361:2008
1335:and
1322:2003
1297:1987
1262:1995
1259:1984
1238:2006
1235:1996
1211:1976
1156:and
1143:1975
1112:1982
1080:1990
1042:1982
1039:1978
1015:1994
1012:1975
959:1981
927:1979
924:1975
900:2008
897:1994
874:1982
852:1985
827:1996
824:1980
800:1988
797:1970
766:and
756:1980
753:1975
718:1987
715:1979
670:Fate
634:and
621:and
500:and
444:and
426:and
407:IADD
287:The
243:and
156:and
144:and
60:and
52:The
2045:IGN
2018:CBR
1822:(?)
1538:).
940:.)
263:).
4044::
3274:.
3206:^
2778:.
2774:.
2740:^
2695:.
2691:.
2664:.
2660:.
2607:.
2603:.
2578:.
2574:.
2549:.
2545:.
2519:.
2343:^
2302:^
2253:.
2194:.
2190:.
2164:.
2160:.
2134:.
2130:.
2103:.
2099:.
2074:.
2048:.
2042:.
2016:.
1991:.
1938:—
1780:,
1728:,
1644:,
1581:,
1551:,
1477:,
1449:,
1419:,
1355:,
1316:,
1288:,
1275:.
1205:,
1172:,
1168:,
1106:,
1071:,
1006:,
981:,
953:,
782:.
747:,
709:,
588:.
540:,
464:,
460:,
413:'
342:.
255:.
231:,
3318:e
3311:t
3304:v
3284:.
2867:(
2804:.
2790:.
2760:.
2734:.
2707:.
2676:.
2645:.
2618:.
2589:.
2560:.
2531:.
2378:(
2324:.
2296:.
2206:.
2175:.
2146:.
2115:.
2084:.
2060:.
2027:.
2002:.
1789:—
1503:/
1486:—
1214:—
1115:—
1087:.
405:(
48:.
31:.
20:)
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