1455:. This narrative portrayed Japanese soldiers as brutish simians, and it depicted their concealed positions being betrayed by their repugnant body odor. Chinese characters received the same treatment. "By the time the United States entered WWII, negative perceptions of Chinese were an established part of mass culture...." However, concerned that the Japanese could use America's anti-Chinese material as propaganda they began "to present a more positive image of America's Chinese allies..." Just as they tried to show better representation for Black people in comics they did the same for Asian people. However, "Japanese and Filipino characters were visually indistinguishable. Both groups have grotesque buckteeth, tattered clothing, and bright yellow skin." "Publishers depicted America's Asian allies through derogatory images and language honed over the preceding decades." Asian characters were previously portrayed as, "ghastly yellow demons". During WWII, " major superhero worth his spandex devoted himself to the eradication of Asian invaders." There was "a constant relay race in which one Asian culture merely handed off the baton of hatred to another with no perceptible changes in the manner in which the characters would be portrayed."
1437:, an all-black air force unit. Instead of making the comic about their story, the comic was about Hop Harrigan. A white pilot who captures a Nazi, shows him videos of the 99th Squadron defeating his men and then reveals to the Nazi that his men were defeated by African Americans which infuriated him as he sees them as a less superior race and cannot believe they bested his men."The Tuskegee Airmen, and images of black aviators appear in just three of the fifty three panels... the pilots of the 99th Squadron have no dialogue and interact with neither Hop Harrigan nor his Nazi captive." During this time, they also used black characters in comic books as a means to invalidate the militant black groups that were fighting for equality within the U.S. "Spider-Man 'made it clear that militant black power was not the remedy for racial injustice'." "The Falcon openly criticized black behavior stating' maybe it's important fo [
674:
components of comic books encompass panels, speech bubbles (also known as balloons), text lines, and characters. Speech balloons generally take the form of convex containers that hold character dialogue and are connected to the character via a tail element. The tail comprises an origin, path, tip, and directional point. The creation of comic books involves several essential steps: writing, drawing, and coloring. Various technological tools and methods are employed to craft comic books, incorporating concepts such as directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these formatting guidelines, the process unfolds with writing, drawing, and coloring. In the United States, the term "comic book", is generally used for comics
1417:
raccoon, is dehumanizing. As with Sambo, the coon was portrayed as a lazy, easily frightened, chronically idle, inarticulate, buffoon." This portrayal "was of course another attempt to solidify the intellectual inferiority of the black race through popular culture." However, in the 1940s there was a change in portrayal of black characters. "A cursory glance...might give the impression that situations had improved for
African Americans in comics." In many comics being produced in this time there was a major push for tolerance between races. "These equality minded heroes began to spring to action just as African Americans were being asked to participate in the war effort."
1037:
1707:
1918:. Although on a smaller scale than similar investigations in the US, such concerns led to a moderation of content published within British comics. Such moderation never became formalized to the extent of promulgating a code, nor did it last long. The UK has also established a healthy market in the reprinting and repackaging of material, notably material originating in the US. The lack of reliable supplies of American comic books led to a variety of black-and-white reprints, including Marvel's monster comics of the 1950s, Fawcett's
2444:
1428:, there was a character named Steamboat who embodied a collection of highly negative stereotypes prevalent during that period. The Writers' War Board did not request any alterations to this character despite the problematic portrayal. The removal of Steamboat from the series only came about due to the persistent advocacy of a black youth group based in New York City." Originally their request was refused by individuals working on the comic stating, "
1421:
Americans, they were also using it as propaganda to " a justification for race-based hatred of
America's foreign enemies." The Writers' War Board created comics books that were meant to " domestic racial harmony". However, "these pro-tolerance narratives struggled to overcome the popular and widely understood negative tropes used for decades in American mass culture...". However, they were not accomplishing this agenda within all of their comics.
1171:
worth of US$ 8.49 billion. This positive trajectory continued in 2021, with the market's annual valuation surging to US$ 9.21 billion. The rising popularity of comic books can be attributed to heightened global interest, driven significantly by collaborative efforts among diverse brands. These collaborations are geared towards producing more engaging and appealing comic content, contributing to the industry's continued growth.
1458:"The only specific depiction of a Hispanic superhero did not end well. In 1975, Marvel gave us Hector Ayala (a.k.a The White Tiger)." "Although he fought for several years alongside the likes of much more popular heroes such as Spider-Man and Daredevil, he only lasted six years before sales of comics featuring him got so bad that Marvel had him retire. The most famous Hispanic character is Bane, a villain from Batman."
40:
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832:, which launched an investigation into comic books. Wertham argued that comic books were accountable for a surge in juvenile delinquency and posed a potential impact on a child's sexuality and moral values. In response to attention from the government and from the media, the US comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the
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1207:#15. New characters were frequently introduced in this manner, waiting for an established audience before launching their own titles. Consequently, comics featuring the debut appearance of a significant character can sometimes be even more challenging to locate than the inaugural issue of that character's standalone series.
1845:. The stock media phrase "real 'Roy of the Rovers' stuff" is often used by football writers, commentators and fans when describing displays of great skill, or surprising results that go against the odds, in reference to the dramatic storylines that were the strip's trademark. Other comic books such as
1432:
included many kinds of caricatures 'for the sake of humor'." The black youth group responded with "this is not the Negro race, but your one-and-a-half millions readers will think it so." Afterwards, Steamboat disappeared from the comics all together. There was a comic created about the 99th
Squadron,
673:
Comic books heavily rely on their organization and visual presentation. Authors dedicate significant attention to aspects like page layout, size, orientation, and the positioning of panels. These characteristics are crucial for effectively conveying the content and messages within the comic book. Key
1807:
in the 1930s. By 1950 the weekly circulation of both reached two million. Explaining the enormous popularity of comics in the UK during this period, Anita O'Brien, director curator at London's
Cartoon Museum, states: "When comics like the Beano and Dandy were invented back in the 1930s â and through
1314:
The creation of these original artwork pages involves a collaborative effort: a writer crafts the story, a pencil artist designs the sequential panels on the page, an ink artist goes over the pencil with pen and ink, a letterer provides the dialogue and narration through hand-lettering, and finally,
1196:
Comic book collectors often exhibit a lifelong passion for the stories within comics, often focusing on specific superheroes and striving to gather a complete collection of a particular series. Comics are assigned sequential numbers, and the initial issue of a long-lasting comic book series tends to
1170:
In 2017, the comic book market size for North
America was just over $ 1 billion with digital sales being flat, book stores having a 1 percent decline, and comic book stores having a 10 percent decline over 2016. The global comic book market saw a substantial 12% growth in 2020, reaching a total
1416:
Many early iterations of black characters in comics "became variations on the 'single stereotypical image of Sambo'." Sambo was closely related to the coon stereotype but had some subtle differences. They are both a derogatory way of portraying black characters. "The name itself, an abbreviation of
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by an impartial company, one that does not engage in buying or selling comics, seemed promising. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether the relatively high cost of this grading service is justified and whether it serves the interests of collectors or mainly caters to speculators
863:
of the time. Underground comix "reflected and commented on the social divisions and tensions of
American society". Many had an uninhibited, often irreverent style; their frank depictions of nudity, sex, profanity, and politics had no parallel outside their precursors, the pornographic and even more
1318:
When the printer returns the original artwork pages, they are typically returned to the artists themselves. These artists sometimes opt to sell these pages at comic book conventions, in galleries, and at art shows centered around comic book art. The original pages from DC and Marvel, featuring the
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in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year, which required all comic books to go through a process of approval. It was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. The Code was made formally defunct in
November 2011.
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The Native
American representation in comic books "can be summed up in the noble savage stereotype" " a recurring theme...urged American indians to abandon their traditional hostility towards the United States. They were the ones painted as intolerant and disrespectful of the dominant concerns of
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have made the switch from traditional print manhwa to online webtoons thanks to better pay and more freedom than traditional print manhwa. The webtoon format has also expanded to other countries outside of Korea like China, Japan, Southeast Asia, and
Western countries. Major webtoon distributors
4377:
Tomlinson, Alan; Young, Christopher (2000), "Golden Boys and Golden
Memories: Fiction, Ideology, and Reality in Roy of the Rovers and the Death of the Hero", in Jones, Dudley; Watkins, Tony, A Necessary Fantasy?: the Heroic Figure in Children's Popular Culture: Vol 18, Garland Publishing. pp.
950:. Some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. While their content generally remained less explicit, others resembled the output of mainstream publishers in format and genre but were published by smaller artist-owned companies or by single artists. A few (notably
1420:
During this time, a government ran program, the Writers' War Board, became heavily involved in what would be published in comics. "The Writers' War Board used comic books to shape popular perceptions of race and ethnicity..." Not only were they using comic books as a means of recruiting all
1310:
Collectors also seek out the original artwork pages from comic books, which are perhaps the most rarefied items in the realm of comic book collecting. These pages hold unparalleled scarcity due to the fact that there exists only one unique page of artwork for every page that was printed and
1443:] us to cool things down-so we can protect the rights we been fightin' for'." This portrayal and character development of black characters can be partially blamed on the fact that, during this time, "there had rarely been a black artist or writer allowed in a major comics company."
1969:" in comic book history. These writers and artists brought with them their own mature themes and philosophy such as anarchy, controversy and politics common in British media. These elements would pave the way for mature and "darker and edgier" comic books and jump start the
3827:
1446:
Asian characters within comic books encountered similar prejudiced treatment as black characters did. They were subjected to dehumanizing depictions, with narratives often portraying them as "incompetent and subhuman." In a 1944 edition of the publication
1565:
is used in South Korea to refer to both comics and cartooning in general. Outside South Korea, the term usually refers to comics originally published in the country. Manhwa is greatly influenced by Japanese Manga comics though it differs from manga and
1307:
seeking rapid profits, akin to trading in stocks or fine art. Comic grading has played a role in establishing standards for valuation, which online price guides such as GoCollect and GPAnalysis utilize to provide real-time market value information.
2507:
format, with approximately 100 to 132 pages. Collections of classic material for the most famous characters, usually with more than 200 pages, are also common. Author comics are published in the French BD format, with an example being Pratt's
726:
as the first true newsstand American comic book; Goulart, for example, calls it "the cornerstone for one of the most lucrative branches of magazine publishing". In 1905 G.W. Dillingham Company published 24 select strips by the cartoonist
1223:
The most valuable American comics have combined rarity and quality with the first appearances of popular and enduring characters. Four comic books have sold for over US$ 1 million as of December 2010, including two examples of
1189:. Initially, comic books were marketed by publishers to children because comic books were perceived as children's entertainment. However, with increasing recognition of comics as an art form and the growing pop culture presence of
1730:(1884) was aimed at an adult market, publishers quickly targeted a younger demographic, which has led to most publications being for children and has created an association in the public's mind of comics as somewhat juvenile.
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Webtoons have become popular in South Korea as a new way to read comics. Thanks in part to different censorship rules, color and unique visual effects, and optimization for easier reading on smartphones and computers. More
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The comic book industry has struggled with distribution issues throughout its history, as numerous mainstream retailers have been hesitant to stock substantial quantities of the most engaging and sought-after comics. The
766:
began in 1938, with the debut of Superman in Action Comics #1, published by Detective Comics (predecessor of DC Comics), which is generally considered the beginning of the modern comic book as it is known today. The
594:
issues per person. In 2020 the manga market in Japan reached a new record value of „612.5 billion due to a fast growth of digital manga sales as well as an increase in print sales. The comic book market in the
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Misprints, promotional comic-dealer incentive printings, and issues with exceptionally low distribution tend to possess scarcity value in the comic book market. The rarest modern comic books include the
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published "Comics Novel No. 1", as the first in an intended series of these "comics novels". The story in the first issue was "Anarcho, Dictator of Death", a five chapter spy genre tale written by
706:
in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. Proto-comics periodicals began appearing early in the 20th century, with the first comic standard-sized comic being
4205:
1958:
serials have been successfully translated and repackaged in softcover books. The number of European comics available in the UK has increased in the last two decades. The British company
1298:(CGC) initiated the practice of "slabbing" comics, which involves encasing them within thick plastic cases and assigning them a numerical grade. This approach inspired the emergence of
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Numerous libraries house extensive collections of comics in the form of graphic novels. This serves as a convenient means for the general public to become acquainted with the medium.
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be both the scarcest and the most coveted among collectors. The introduction of a new character might occur within an existing title. For instance, the first appearance of
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3828:"Comic Book Market Expected to Reach USD 12.81 billion by 2028 | Comic Book Industry Share, Business Statistics, Latest Trends, and Analysis by Fortune Business Insightsâą"
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2677:. The comic book measures 69.9 by 99.8 centimetres (2 feet 3.5 inches by 3 feet 3.3 inches). The 18-page comic book had a print run of 120 copies.
1216:#1 from 1939. Eight copies, plus one without a cover, emerged in the estate of the deceased publisher in 1974. The "Pay Copy" of this book sold for $ 43,125 in a 2005
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once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.
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3169:
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A common comic-book cover format displays the issue number, date, price and publisher along with an illustration and cover copy which may include a story's title.
3874:"Motion Picture Funnies Weekly #1 Pay Copy (First Funnies, Inc., 1939) CGC VF/NM 9.0 Cream to off-white pages. This is one of... Golden Age (1938â1955)Superhero"
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With the growing popularity of smartphones and tablets, many major publishers have begun releasing titles in digital form. The most popular platform is
2409:
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originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, though the art form has a long prehistory in earlier
2468:) made their debut as humor strips at the end of the 19th century, and later evolved into adventure stories. After World War II, however, artists like
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1009:, arose in the 1980s and became increasingly popular among artists in the 1990s, despite reaching an even more limited audience than the small press.
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1001:
A number of small publishers in the 1990s, changed the format and distribution of their comics to more closely resemble non-comics publishing. The "
876:. The underground comics encouraged creators to publish their work independently so that they would have full ownership rights to their characters.
453:
759:, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers' fear of nuclear war and neutralize anxiety about the questions posed by atomic power.
6536:
6189:
3184:
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1128:, touted as "an original full-length novel" on its cover. "It Rhymes with Lust" is also available to read online in the Digital Comic Museum.
43:
Comic books on display at a museum, depicting how they would have been displayed at a rail station store in the first half of the 20th century
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1934:. Several reprint companies became involved in repackaging American material for the British market, notably the importer and distributor
508:(1884) which is notable for its use of sequential cartoons to unfold narrative. These British comics existed alongside the popular lurid "
490:
that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and written narrative, usually, dialogue contained in
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Japanese comics, operate in a far larger market in Japan than the American "underground comix" market; the largest dĆjinshi fair,
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from Marvel's history online. The service also includes periodic release new comics not available elsewhere. With the release of
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2270:â dominated the Spanish comics market during its golden age (1950â1970). The most popular comics showed a recognizable style of
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1760:). First published in the 1830s, penny dreadfuls were "Britain's first taste of mass-produced popular culture for the young."
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In the 1980s, a resurgence of British writers and artists gained prominence in mainstream comic books, which was dubbed the "
96:
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1036:
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is generally considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form, with the debut of the
731:
in an anthology book called 'The Incredible Upside-Downs of Little Lady Lovekins and Old Man Muffaroo'. The introduction of
4156:
6587:
6483:
6285:
6031:
5983:
5166:
4419:
4356:
4096:
Hirsch, Paul (2014). ""This Is Our Enemy": The Writers' War Board and Representations of Race in Comic Books, 1942â1945".
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2587:#1, Marvel also became the first publisher to provide free digital copies as part of the print copy of the comic book.
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The precise era of the Golden Age is disputed, though most agree that it was born with the launch of Superman in 1938.
2963:
2754:
1923:
1385:
1324:
855:. Published and distributed independently of the established comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth
772:
4138:
Mizoguchi Akiko (2003). "Male-Male Romance by and for Women in Japan: A History and the Subgenres of Yaoi Fictions".
4549:
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6019:
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5286:
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1890:
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title for having the "Most copies published for the same comic book series by a single author". His manga series
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2152:
1966:
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814:
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was the first book that established the size, duration, and format of the modern comic book. Following this was,
187:
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reported in their announcement that the collected volumes of the series had sold a total of 320,866,000 units.
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1948:
1915:
947:
679:
158:
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4392:
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2279:
1946:
also opened offices in the 1990s. The repackaging of European material has occurred less frequently, although
1500:
in general. Outside Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in the country.
2517:
Italian cartoonists show the influence of comics from other countries, including France, Belgium, Spain, and
2387:
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6085:
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5957:
5693:
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5100:
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2327:
2255:
2201:
786:
439:
6295:
6252:
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6110:
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5888:
5856:
5614:
5609:
5519:
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1914:, another title aimed at children and launched in the mid-1970s, became the subject of discussion in the
868:". Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as
813:, is less well-defined, with the Bronze Age running from the very early 1970s through the mid-1980s. The
756:
6009:
5900:
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5580:
5226:
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artists have traditionally worked in other markets finding great success, either in the American (e.g.,
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2013:
1927:
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1303:
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2126:, released a set of stamps depicting British comic book characters and series. The collection featured
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would be a century later." British comics in the early 20th century typically evolved from illustrated
1145:
popularized the term "graphic novel" when he used it on the cover of the paperback edition of his work
648:
1808:
really to the 1950s and 60s â these comics were almost the only entertainment available to children."
886:, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comix; while
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and Japanese manga each represent 40% of the market, followed by American comics at 10% market share.
6247:
5645:
5575:
5325:
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5010:
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2085:
1970:
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published this instructional graphic novel in 2018 to keep youth from spreading infectious diseases.
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at 41%, manga at 28% and superhero comics at 10% of the market. Another major comic book market is
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magazine which was the first to use the term "cartoon" in its modern sense of a humorous drawing.
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as "one of the world's first iconic cartoon characters", and "as famous in Victorian Britain as
607:
in 2016. As of 2017, the largest comic book publisher in the United States is manga distributor
3397:
2080:
which was released in a CD-booklet-shaped comic book as part of the CD edition with the title "
781:#4 (Oct. 1956). The Silver Age lasted through the late 1960s or early 1970s, during which time
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1302:. Given the significance of condition in determining the value of rare comics, the concept of
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The Secret Identity of Race: Exploring Ethnic and Racial Portrayals in Superhero Comic Books
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1283:", which the publisher considered offensive; only 100 copies exist, most of which have been
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title for the "Largest comic book ever published" was awarded to the Brazilian comic book
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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what became known as
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4664:"Japanese manga One Piece sets record for most printed comic series by one author ever"
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2195:
2140:
2019:
1979:
1910:
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992:
972:
968:
967:" culture grew and diversified. By the 1980s, several independent publishers â such as
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820:
A significant event in the timeline of American comic books occurred when psychiatrist
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4045:"The Coon Caricature - Anti-black Imagery - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University"
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39:
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1962:, founded in 2005, has released English translated versions of many European series.
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221:
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1822:, with the BBC referring to him as the "definitive naughty boy of the comic world."
30:
This article is about periodicals containing comics. For the comics art medium, see
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1320:
1315:
a colorist adds color as the final touch before the pages are sent to the printer.
1257:, the highest sale on record for this book is $ 3.2 million, for a 9.0 copy.
1113:
1099:
1013:
976:
929:
860:
762:
Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras. The
732:
632:
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545:, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term
541:, was released in the U.S. in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor
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290:
265:
260:
122:
2841:
2821:
Reading Comics: Language, Culture, and the Concept of the Superhero in Comic Books
1649:
914:
in the late 1970s created and paralleled a dedicated market for "independent" or "
47:
2929:
2897:
2680:
With the July 2021 publication of the 201st collected volume of his manga series
2503:
Mainstream comics are usually published on a monthly basis, in a black-and-white
2476:
exposed Italian comics to an international audience. Popular comic books such as
2412:
1666:
France and Belgium have a long tradition in comics and comic books, often called
987:â had started releasing a wide range of styles and formatsâfrom color-superhero,
700:
Comics as a print medium have existed in the United States since the printing of
6456:
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6105:
5781:
5090:
5044:
5000:
4985:
3593:
3288:
3234:
3137:
Maximizing the Impact of Comics in Your Library: Graphic Novels, Manga, and More
3096:
2687:
2640:
2633:, which he writes and illustrates, has been serialized in the Japanese magazine
2526:
2522:
2504:
2404:
2290:
2100:
2081:
2040:
2008:
1931:
1877:
1751:
1735:
1717:
1689:
1558:
1509:
1272:
1142:
1084:
991:, and science-fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of
964:
879:
802:
736:
581:
542:
519:
362:
153:
143:
4804:
Manga from the Floating World: Comic book Culture and the KibyĂŽshi of Edo Japan
4352:
2704:
since October 1968, which also makes it the oldest manga still in publication.
6476:
6329:
5486:
5108:
5070:
4109:
3779:"Digital Comic Museum - It Rhymes With Lust GN [original](Matt Baker)"
3155:
3112:
2715:
2711:
2591:
2554:
2490:
2469:
2447:
2123:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2057:
1974:
1804:
1763:
1658:
1497:
1198:
1017:
920:
873:
806:
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636:
498:
424:
393:
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3640:
2700:
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2530:
2518:
2496:
2395:
2346:
2237:
2134:
2128:
1997:
1985:
1939:
1799:
1793:
1773:
1688:. Belgian comic books originally written in Dutch show the influence of the
1137:
1125:
1109:
1073:
1002:
988:
956:) represented experimental attempts to bring comics closer to the status of
892:
869:
752:
748:
612:
608:
69:
6341:
4442:
Please, Sir, I Want Some Moore / How Alan Moore transformed American comics
3703:"In 1964, Richard Kyle Coined The Term Graphic Novel | Global Book Writers"
3135:
647:. The best-selling comic book categories in the US as of 2019 are juvenile
4577:"Embracing Tablets, Comic Book Publishers Cash in on a Digital Revolution"
4028:
1234:, both sold privately through online dealer ComicConnect.com in 2010, and
6125:
5514:
5135:
5120:
5032:
4519:
4466:"The Writers of Hellblazer: Interviews with Jamie Delano and Garth Ennis"
2779:
2682:
2478:
2417:
2340:, there was an increased interest in adult comics with magazines such as
2284:
1991:
1959:
1838:
1579:
1533:
1336:
1254:
1231:
1132:
1062:
957:
887:
790:
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624:
173:
17:
1061:
Precursors of the form existed by the 1920s, which saw a revival of the
5037:
5015:
4718:
4044:
3939:"Superman's Action Comics No. 1 sells for record $ 3.2 million on eBay"
2729:
2096:
1954:
1537:
1065:
938:, which continued sporadic publication into the 21st century and which
178:
117:
5752:
5711:
5429:
4925:
2091:
At Christmas, publishers repackage and commission material for comic
1611:
1591:
1586:
1567:
1554:
1549:
1280:
1241:
1135:
and collaborators applied a paperback format to their "comics novel"
668:
652:
628:
600:
483:
317:
305:
61:
31:
4198:"Top hats off to Marie Duval, a lost Victorian cartoonist sensation"
3185:"What's The Difference Between Graphic Novels and Trade Paperbacks?"
1151:
in 1978 and, subsequently, the usage of the term began to increase.
809:. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the following era, the
743:
in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry and ushered in the
502:
was a British comic published from 1890 to 1953. It was preceded by
6377:
4441:
6444:
6427:
5740:
5130:
3060:"French Comics In 2013 â It's Not All Asterix. But Quite A Bit Is"
2930:"Manga sales top 600 billion yen in 2020 for first time on record"
2521:. Italy is also famous for being one of the foremost producers of
2461:
2442:
2372:
2240:
comics were forbidden and as a result, comic heroes were based on
2211:
2207:
2158:
1762:
1648:
1599:
1595:
1481:
1476:
1035:
644:
557:
300:
46:
38:
3537:
Brown, Jeffrey (1997). "Comic book fandom and cultural capital".
3510:
Brown, Jeffrey (1997). "Comic Book Fandom and Cultural Capital".
3320:
Atomic Culture: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
1837:, the hugely popular football based strip recounting the life of
1347:
are regarded as priceless treasures within the comic book world.
1319:
debut appearances of iconic characters such as Superman, Batman,
918:" in the US. The first such comics included the anthology series
1332:
640:
6381:
6223:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
4898:
2561:
have turned out to be an ideal medium for online distribution.
1381:
re-write to make less reliant on quotes, better fit WP's style.
3357:
2944:"Japan's Manga and Comic Industry Hits Record Profits in 2020"
2694:
title for "Most volumes published for a single manga series."
2248:
was created by Manuel Gago and another popular medieval hero,
1439:
1354:
4747:"Golgo 13 Author Saito Discusses Manga's Hypothetical Ending"
4416:"The British Invasion, Part 3: Neil Gaiman & Swamp Thing"
2655:
title for "Most copies published for the same manga series".
828:(1954). This critique led to the involvement of the American
2061:, which is largely set in Britain and starring the magician
1024:, buoyed by such advances in printing technology as digital
4843:"How Comic Books Became Part of the Literary Establishment"
3324:. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. p.
3269:
Gustave Verbeek, Little Lady Lovekins, and Old Man Muffaroo
2992:"Viz Manga Sales are Destroying DC, Marvel in Comic Market"
1692:"Franco-Belgian" comics but have their own distinct style.
4265:"Penny dreadfuls: the Victorian equivalent of video games"
3101:
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
2698:
has been continuously serialized in the Japanese magazine
2119:
strips in softcover A4-size books for the holiday season.
4894:
4875:
3735:(Routledge New Accents Library Collection, 2005), p. 291
3097:"Knowledge-driven understanding of images in comic books"
3899:
Batman comic book beats Superman at auction, sets record
1557:(ë§í) are comic books or graphic novels originating from
4633:"Integrating Comics into Your Exhibits and Collections"
4321:"Dandy owner DC Thomson to end comic's printed edition"
4033:(PhD dissertation). University of Southern Mississippi.
3761:"Digital Comic Museum - Comics Novel 001 (1 fiche)-c2c"
2577:, a subscription service allowing readers to read many
2533:, known in English as Superduck, was created in Italy.
2103:
supplies a famous example of the British comic annual.
1720:
is regarded as the first recurring character in comics.
1275:
recalled and pulped due to the appearance of a vintage
1210:
Some rare comic books include copies of the unreleased
4890:
Collectorism â a place for collectors and collectibles
4520:"Beano's Dennis the Menace on Royal Mail comic stamps"
2228:
was influential in popularizing the medium. After the
1087:
and drawn by Al Carreno. It is readable online in the
4870:
3033:"Why Manga & Comics for Kids Outsell Superheroes"
824:
voiced his criticisms of the medium through his book
556:
The largest comic book market is Japan. By 1995, the
2959:"Growing comic market reached $ 1.9 billion in 2016"
1012:
Small publishers regularly releasing titles include
6624:
6603:
6492:
6415:
6261:
6213:
6167:
6160:
6139:
6059:
6002:
5971:
5940:
5931:
5911:
5800:
5704:
5654:
5638:
5629:
5558:
5505:
5345:
5334:
5267:
5240:
5187:
5154:
5099:
5063:
4941:
4157:"La véritable histoire des mots " bande dessinée ""
2823:, Routledge, 2015 (first published in 2000), p. xv.
1676:, meaning literally "drawn strips") in French, and
4841:
3797:"Comics and graphic novel sales down 6.5% in 2017"
3317:
2810:#1, New York: Papercutz, December 2012, pp. 61â62.
2122:On 19 March 2012, the British postal service, the
1291:for more pulped, recalled, and erroneous comics.)
6238:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
3876:. Comics.ha.com. 14 October 2005. Archived from
6037:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
4550:"Quanto vendono i fumetti Bonelli: I dati 2014"
4347:
4345:
4298:"Was Pixar's Inside Out inspired by The Beano?"
4186:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 240.
3783:Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books
3765:Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books
2236:regime imposed strict censorship in all media:
1514:
1148:A Contract with God, and Other Tenement Stories
6228:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
6116:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
4607:"Avenging Spider-Man #1 Makes Digital History"
3826:Insights, Fortune Business (27 January 2022).
3505:
3503:
3316:Zeman, Scott C.; Amundson, Michael A. (2004).
2274:(influenced by Franco-Belgian authors such as
1814:was created in the 1950s, which saw sales for
1521:
579:
6393:
4910:
4825:Inge, M. Thomas (1979). "Comics as Culture".
3918:Superman comic sells for record $ 3.2 million
3450:Fagan, Bryan D.; Condit, Jody Condit (2011).
2872:. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. pp.
2222:) made their debut around 1857. The magazine
2210:"comic", although comic books (also known in
1893:titles have also appeared in the UK, notably
1496:is used in Japan to refer to both comics and
1091:. The magazine never reached a second issue.
447:
8:
4876:Sequart Research & Literacy Organization
4292:
4290:
3969:"Alan's Previous Problems With DC (sidebar)"
3140:. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 4â12.
2998:. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018
2065:, paved the way for British writers such as
817:runs from the mid-1980s to the present day.
55:
4871:Comic book Reference Bibliographic Datafile
3643:(20 May 2004). "Heroes of the Revolution".
3635:
3633:
3421:"Breaking the Border â Rants and Ramblings"
830:Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency
6400:
6386:
6378:
6276:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
6164:
6074:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
5937:
5635:
5342:
5151:
4917:
4903:
4895:
4184:The Oxford Companion to English Literature
3588:
3586:
3354:History Detectives: Special Investigations
3293:Comic Book Culture: An Illustrated History
3168:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1791:The two most popular British comic books,
1540:, attracts 500,000 visitors twice a year.
1042:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
890:and the crew of cartoonists who worked on
454:
440:
54:
6271:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
6185:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
4514:
4512:
4229:"Horror Comics: The Nasties of the 1950s"
2898:"Manga, anime rooted in Japanese history"
2869:Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga
2200:It has been stated that the 13th century
1777:, in Dundee, Scotland. Launched in 1938,
1404:Learn how and when to remove this message
1005:" form, an extremely informal version of
686:" is the term used for standalone books.
486:art in the form of sequential juxtaposed
6233:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
4773:"Artists Celebrate 45 Years of Golgo 13"
1705:
1193:, they are now embraced by many adults.
4389:"Comics Unmasked: The British invasion"
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
2806:, Mike Kazaleh, "Secret Agent Orange",
2796:
1781:is known for its anarchic humour, with
1054:In 1964, Richard Kyle coined the term "
380:
186:
130:
109:
81:
60:
4418:. Sequart Organization. Archived from
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3975:. Comic Book Resources. Archived from
3855:
3845:
3161:
3031:Gramuglia, Anthony (19 October 2019).
3009:
1875:also flourished. Some comics, such as
1247:Updating the above price obtained for
1185:The 1970s saw the advent of specialty
6091:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
4854:from the original on 11 January 2022.
4719:"ăăŽă«ăŽ13ăăăźăăčäžçèšéČă«èȘćźăăĄă°ăŠă€ăăé«æ©ççŸćăăăç„ă"
4699:from the original on 21 December 2016
4556:from the original on 30 December 2018
4275:from the original on 22 November 2018
4208:from the original on 22 November 2018
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
3570:
3568:
3364:from the original on 5 September 2017
2639:since December 1997, and by 2015, 77
2004:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
1940:Marvel Comics established a UK office
1710:Cover to 27 December 1884 edition of
1268:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
703:The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck
482:,' is a publication that consists of
7:
6042:Comics solicited but never published
4587:from the original on 29 January 2017
4359:from the original on 28 January 2019
3683:from the original on 2 February 2017
3452:Comic Book Collections for Libraries
3210:The Adventures of M. Obadiah Oldbuck
2957:Gilchrist, Michelle (21 July 2017).
785:revolutionized the medium with such
723:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
538:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
470:(also referred to by collectors as "
6362:
6190:Australian Cartoonists' Association
6180:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
4331:from the original on 16 August 2012
3945:from the original on 27 August 2014
3713:from the original on 10 August 2021
3575:"Introducing Comics and Ideology".
3481:. Vol. 38. 2008. p. 1028.
3454:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 38.
2408:) or the Franco-Belgian one (e.g.,
1351:History of race in U.S. comic books
494:emblematic of the comics art form.
4530:from the original on 20 March 2012
4182:Birch, Dinah (24 September 2009).
3551:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004_13.x
3524:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004_13.x
3183:Kelley, Jason (16 November 2020).
2990:Magulick, Aaron (8 October 2017).
2932:. The Asahi Shimbun. 1 April 2021.
1818:soar. He features in the cover of
25:
4609:. 12 October 2011. Archived from
4472:from the original on 25 June 2007
4027:Woodall, Lowery Anderson (2010).
3645:Comix: The Underground Revolution
3478:Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide
3419:Zicari, Anthony (3 August 2007).
3076:from the original on 29 July 2018
2971:from the original on 23 July 2017
2765:List of best-selling comic series
2206:could be considered as the first
2095:, printed and bound as hardcover
1885:titles, have been published in a
1102:, adult-oriented "picture novel"
924:, published by comic book writer
872:and record stores, as well as by
6658:
6657:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6340:
6328:
6291:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
6205:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
6106:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
4866:Comic book Speculation Reference
4575:Gregory Schmidt (21 July 2013).
3295:. Collectors Press. p. 43.
2910:from the original on 30 May 2018
2714:
1746:of the Victorian era (featuring
1570:with its own distinct features.
1359:
1300:Comic Book Certification Service
1076:and others, including Stan Lee.
747:. The Golden Age originated the
423:
68:
6121:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
4662:Rachel Swatman (26 June 2015).
4245:from the original on 4 May 2012
2946:. Comicbook.com. 15 March 2021.
2840:. 18 March 2008. Archived from
2575:Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited
1922:, and other characters such as
6195:Comic Art Professional Society
4935:Glossary of comics terminology
4808:Harvard University Asia Center
4689:"Largest comic book published"
4163:(in French). 15 September 2015
3803:. 13 July 2018. Archived from
2602:Comic collections in libraries
2525:comic stories outside the US;
2464:, comics (known in Italian as
560:market in Japan was valued at
1:
6286:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
3733:Adult Comics: An Introduction
3386:CBR News Team (2 July 2007).
2834:"A History of the Comic Book"
1889:form. Underground comics and
1240:#27, the first appearance of
1213:Motion Picture Funnies Weekly
188:Comics by country and culture
6520:games, toys, and merchandise
6200:National Cartoonists Society
5989:Based on television programs
4840:Martin, Tim (2 April 2009).
4806:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
4227:John Sringhall (July 1994).
3927:(CNN Money) â 25 August 2014
3496:. Rinehart and Company, Inc.
2058:John Constantine, Hellblazer
1841:and the team he played for,
1253:#1, the first appearance of
1230:#1, the first appearance of
590:) in Japan, equivalent to 15
6131:Words & Pictures Museum
4727:(in Japanese). 18 July 2021
3606:The New Adventures of Jesus
3095:Rigaud, Christophe (2015).
2964:The San Diego Union-Tribune
2755:Comparison of image viewers
2675:Mauricio de Sousa ProduçÔes
2450:(1927â1995), author of the
2262:). Two publishing houses â
2244:(in 1944 the medieval hero
1656:(1926â1977), writer of the
1515:
1451:, there was a story titled
1379:. The specific problem is:
580:
574:), with annual sales of 1.9
6708:
6175:Academy of Comic Book Arts
6147:Center for Cartoon Studies
6069:Belgian Comic Strip Center
4828:Journal of Popular Culture
4391:. Art Fund. Archived from
4140:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal
3539:Journal of Popular Culture
3512:Journal of Popular Culture
3350:"The Golden Age of Comics"
2770:List of best-selling manga
2594:. Some platforms, such as
2540:
2436:
2193:
1803:, were first published by
1727:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
1713:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
1699:
1642:
1631:
1620:
1609:
1577:
1547:
1507:
1474:
1453:The Smell of the Monkeymen
1279:advertisement for "Marvel
1178:
1158:
1047:
903:
844:
693:
666:
505:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
29:
6652:
6323:
6281:Club des bandes dessinées
6015:Best-selling comic series
5593:Portrayal of black people
4932:
4355:. BBC. 21 November 2018.
4353:"Dennis the Menace at 60"
4126:10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.448
4110:10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.448
4098:Pacific Historical Review
3494:Seduction of the Innocent
3492:Wertham, Fredric (1954).
3388:"DC Flashback: The Flash"
3113:10.1007/s10032-015-0243-1
3016:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2543:List of comics by country
2537:Comics in other countries
2254:, was created in 1956 by
1522:
1430:Captain Marvel Adventures
1426:Captain Marvel Adventures
1294:In 2000, a company named
826:Seduction of the Innocent
815:Modern Age of Comic Books
811:Bronze Age of Comic Books
769:Silver Age of Comic Books
764:Golden Age of Comic Books
755:. According to historian
745:Golden Age of Comic Books
669:Comics § Terminology
533:American-style comic book
27:Publication of comics art
3216:11 February 2015 at the
2686:, Japanese manga artist
2667:â O Maior Gibi do Mundo!
2529:'s superhero alter ego,
2260:Miguel Ambrosio Zaragoza
2055:. The comic book series
1949:The Adventures of Tintin
1484:(挫ç») are comic books or
6086:British Cartoon Archive
6079:National Cartoon Museum
4491:Gabriel, Peter (2000).
4447:3 February 2011 at the
3923:27 October 2018 at the
3832:GlobeNewswire News Room
3275:18 January 2019 at the
3240:Comic Book Encyclopedia
2388:Gabriel HernĂĄndez Walta
2336:. After the end of the
2246:El Guerrero del Antifaz
2203:Cantigas de Santa MarĂa
2082:OVO The Millennium Show
1942:in 1972. DC Comics and
1787:appearing on the cover.
1617:Vietnamese truyá»n tranh
1271:#5, which DC executive
1131:In 1971, writer-artist
1112:writer "Drake Waller" (
1108:, a 128-page digest by
928:from 1974 to 1979, and
910:The rise of comic book
884:The Adventures of Jesus
841:Underground comic books
6296:Finnish Comics Society
6253:Svenska Serieakademien
6243:Comics Studies Society
6111:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
5615:Women in Refrigerators
5610:The Hawkeye Initiative
5248:Female comics creators
4885:University of Missouri
4802:Kern, Adam L. (2006).
4693:Guinness World Records
4668:Guinness World Records
3134:Phoenix, Jack (2020).
2760:History of comic books
2692:Guinness World Records
2660:Guinness World Records
2658:On 5 August 2018, the
2653:Guinness World Records
2645:Guinness World Records
2624:Guinness World Records
2614:In 2015, the Japanese
2610:Guinness World Records
2500:âremain best-sellers.
2457:
2398:), the British (e.g.,
1788:
1721:
1663:
1244:, via public auction.
1191:comic book conventions
1045:
963:During the 1970s the "
896:popularized the form.
52:
44:
6644:Video game franchises
6588:Video game franchises
6500:Multimedia franchises
6032:Comic books on CD/DVD
5282:Comics historiography
4495:. Peter Gabriel Ltd.
4451:, by Douglas Wolk in
4303:12 April 2018 at the
3649:Thunder's Mouth Press
2903:The Indianapolis Star
2569:On 13 November 2007,
2446:
2072:The English musician
2039:; and others such as
1928:Mandrake the Magician
1766:
1709:
1652:
1639:Franco-Belgian comics
1449:United States Marines
1181:Comic book collecting
1175:Comic book collecting
1096:St. John Publications
1068:tradition by Belgian
1039:
940:Shari Springer Berman
834:Comics Code Authority
657:Franco-Belgian comics
578:billion manga books (
50:
42:
6484:Video game franchise
6248:Sequart Organization
5994:Based on video games
5576:Gender and webcomics
5141:Publishing companies
4881:Comic Art Collection
4296:Armstrong, Stephen.
3973:Lying in the Gutters
3904:3 March 2010 at the
3677:www.ocf.berkeley.edu
3600:(25 December 2006).
3393:Comic Book Resources
3245:Harper Entertainment
3038:Comic Book Resources
2671:Panini Comics Brasil
2565:Digital distribution
2377:Eisner Award winners
2268:Editorial Valenciana
2086:Millennium Dome Show
1971:Modern Age of Comics
1672:(an abbreviation of
1424:In the comic series
1386:improve this section
1375:to meet Knowledge's
1089:Digital Comic Museum
1081:Fawcett Publications
690:American comic books
551:American comic books
353:South African comics
6692:Comics publications
6306:The Hero Initiative
5586:American mainstream
5388:Comics in education
4991:Comic strip formats
4643:on 5 September 2015
4613:on 13 November 2011
3610:Fantagraphics Books
3577:Comics and Ideology
2808:the Annoying Orange
2643:had been released.
2584:Avenging Spider-Man
2323:13. Rue del Percebe
2317:Mortadelo y FilemĂłn
1973:. Writers included
1936:Thorpe & Porter
1771:, a character from
1333:the Incredible Hulk
1105:It Rhymes with Lust
757:Michael A. Amundson
696:American comic book
641:the Incredible Hulk
623:franchises such as
522:" and the humorous
57:
6347:Cartoon portal
6101:The Cartoon Museum
6096:Cartoon Art Museum
5820:France and Belgium
5605:Portrayal of women
5598:African characters
5566:Ethnic stereotypes
4779:. 13 November 2013
4777:Anime News Network
4753:. 16 November 2013
4751:Anime News Network
4581:The New York Times
4422:on 4 November 2015
4395:on 4 November 2015
4327:, 16 August 2012,
3979:on 20 January 2010
3858:has generic name (
3848:cite press release
3707:@globalbookwriters
3189:How To Love Comics
3072:. 1 January 2014.
2785:Comic book grading
2740:Comic book therapy
2735:Comic book archive
2636:Weekly ShĆnen Jump
2598:, have shut down.
2458:
2361:and works such as
2301:Las hermanas Gilda
2264:Editorial Bruguera
2242:historical fiction
1831:comics introduced
1789:
1757:Varney the Vampire
1722:
1664:
1433:also known as the
1263:original press run
1046:
916:alternative comics
906:Alternative comics
900:Alternative comics
714:Funnies on Parades
649:children's fiction
515:Spring-heeled Jack
53:
45:
6674:
6673:
6632:Comic book series
6554:Comic book series
6510:television series
6440:Comic book series
6375:
6374:
6335:Comics portal
6319:
6318:
6152:The Kubert School
6055:
6054:
5927:
5926:
5625:
5624:
5550:Widescreen comics
5393:Comics journalism
5263:
5262:
5055:Political cartoon
4996:Daily comic strip
4817:978-0-674-02266-9
4637:ccgclibraries.com
4526:. 19 March 2012.
4414:Peter Sanderson.
3908:CNN Money 2-26-10
3749:978-0-415-29139-2
3741:978-0-415-29139-2
3658:978-1-56025-572-7
3623:978-1-56097-780-3
3431:on 26 August 2007
3400:on 7 October 2012
3302:978-1-888054-38-5
3222:Dartmouth College
3147:978-1-4408-6886-3
2906:. 2 August 1997.
2883:978-1-880656-23-5
2750:Comics vocabulary
2641:collected volumes
2456:comic book series
2423:Juan DĂaz Canales
2410:Fauve d'Or winner
2230:Spanish Civil War
2153:Roy of the Rovers
2030:Transmetropolitan
1977:, famous for his
1944:Dark Horse Comics
1843:Melchester Rovers
1834:Roy of the Rovers
1811:Dennis the Menace
1784:Dennis the Menace
1740:Dennis the Menace
1662:comic book series
1466:East Asian comics
1414:
1413:
1406:
1377:quality standards
1368:This section may
1187:comic book stores
935:American Splendor
853:underground comix
847:Underground comix
709:Funnies on Parade
531:The first modern
464:
463:
430:Comics portal
373:Vietnamese comics
343:Portuguese comics
333:Philippine comics
314:
247:
229:Australian comics
225:
169:Political cartoon
16:(Redirected from
6699:
6661:
6660:
6611:Media franchises
6604:Highest-grossing
6571:Television shows
6409:Media franchises
6402:
6395:
6388:
6379:
6365:
6364:
6355:
6354:
6345:
6344:
6333:
6332:
6311:Xeric Foundation
6165:
5979:Based on fiction
5938:
5712:China and Taiwan
5636:
5435:Graphic medicine
5378:Autobiographical
5343:
5321:Japanese (manga)
5227:Japanese (manga)
5152:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4896:
4855:
4845:
4836:
4821:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
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4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4639:. Archived from
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4552:. 16 June 2014.
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4516:
4507:
4506:
4493:The Story of OVO
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4462:
4456:
4455:, December, 2003
4439:
4433:
4431:
4429:
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4136:
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4093:
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4059:
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4055:
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4035:
4034:
4024:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3937:Whitney, Lance.
3934:
3928:
3915:
3909:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3857:
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3843:
3841:
3839:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3757:
3751:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3673:"americancomics"
3669:
3663:
3662:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3598:Shelton, Gilbert
3590:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3427:. Archived from
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3396:. Archived from
3383:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3323:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3285:
3279:
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3259:
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3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3180:
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3167:
3159:
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3125:
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3092:
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3083:
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3056:
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3045:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3015:
3007:
3005:
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2987:
2981:
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2978:
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2954:
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2947:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2864:Schodt, Frederik
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2811:
2801:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2690:was awarded the
2621:was awarded the
2402:, co-creator of
2384:Salvador Larroca
2338:Francoist period
2107:also repackages
2078:The Story of OVO
2063:John Constantine
1967:British Invasion
1916:House of Commons
1674:bandes dessinées
1531:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1462:white America".
1409:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1237:Detective Comics
1020:, Raytoons, and
912:specialty stores
680:trade paperbacks
621:superhero comics
606:
593:
585:
577:
573:
566:
456:
449:
442:
428:
427:
328:Pakistani comics
308:
281:Hungarian comics
241:
234:Brazilian comics
211:
202:Argentine comics
72:
58:
21:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6648:
6620:
6599:
6593:longest-running
6537:direct-to-video
6527:Animated series
6488:
6472:Television show
6423:Animated series
6411:
6406:
6376:
6371:
6339:
6327:
6315:
6301:Friends of Lulu
6263:
6257:
6215:
6209:
6156:
6135:
6061:
6060:Collections and
6051:
6025:manga magazines
5998:
5967:
5958:Manga magazines
5923:
5907:
5796:
5700:
5650:
5621:
5554:
5525:Talking animals
5501:
5462:Science fiction
5373:Anthropomorphic
5339:and narratology
5338:
5330:
5277:Years in comics
5259:
5236:
5200:Jewish American
5183:
5150:
5095:
5059:
4979:Trade paperback
4937:
4928:
4923:
4862:
4839:
4824:
4818:
4801:
4798:
4796:Further reading
4793:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4590:
4588:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4468:. Tabula Rasa.
4464:
4463:
4459:
4449:Wayback Machine
4440:
4436:
4425:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4334:
4332:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4305:Wayback Machine
4295:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4226:
4225:
4221:
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4155:
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4095:
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4063:
4053:
4051:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4026:
4025:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3967:(23 May 2005).
3963:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3925:Wayback Machine
3916:
3912:
3906:Wayback Machine
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3854:
3844:
3837:
3835:
3834:(Press release)
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3807:on 16 July 2018
3795:
3794:
3790:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3730:
3726:
3716:
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3490:
3486:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3425:Comics Bulletin
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3367:
3365:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3277:Wayback Machine
3266:
3262:
3255:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:Wayback Machine
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3182:
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2895:
2891:
2884:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2814:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2669:, published by
2665:Turma da MĂŽnica
2651:also holds the
2612:
2604:
2567:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2441:
2435:
2427:Juanjo Guarnido
2400:Carlos Ezquerra
2380:Sergio Aragonés
2272:slapstick humor
2198:
2192:
2076:issued in 2000
1908:The content of
1902:Escape Magazine
1769:Minnie the Minx
1744:penny dreadfuls
1704:
1698:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1634:European comics
1630:
1628:European comics
1625:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1582:
1576:
1552:
1546:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1435:Tuskegee Airmen
1410:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:the Mighty Thor
1341:Captain America
1296:Comics Guaranty
1289:Recalled comics
1204:Amazing Fantasy
1183:
1177:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1052:
1034:
1026:print-on-demand
1007:self-publishing
996:magical realism
946:adapted into a
908:
902:
849:
843:
822:Fredric Wertham
789:superheroes as
729:Gustave Verbeek
718:Dell Publishing
698:
692:
671:
665:
604:
591:
588:manga magazines
575:
568:
561:
510:penny dreadfuls
460:
422:
271:European comics
256:Croatian comics
251:Canadian comics
208:Bande dessinées
197:American comics
159:Trade paperback
77:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6705:
6703:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6687:Comics formats
6679:
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6669:
6668:
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6489:
6487:
6486:
6481:
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6479:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6452:Film franchise
6449:
6448:
6447:
6437:
6432:
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6413:
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6407:
6405:
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6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6262:Charitable and
6259:
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6083:
6082:
6081:
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6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6047:Limited series
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6012:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5984:Based on films
5981:
5975:
5973:
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5955:
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5944:
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5896:United Kingdom
5893:
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5812:
5810:Czech Republic
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
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5794:
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5779:
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5777:
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5738:
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5681:
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5658:
5656:
5652:
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5556:
5555:
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5532:
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5469:
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5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5340:
5336:Comics studies
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5317:
5316:
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5304:
5299:
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5061:
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5042:
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5040:
5035:
5030:
5023:Digital comics
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4969:Ongoing series
4966:
4961:
4959:Limited series
4956:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4878:
4873:
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4861:
4860:External links
4858:
4857:
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4341:
4312:
4310:. 27 July 2015
4286:
4256:
4219:
4189:
4174:
4148:
4131:
4104:(3): 448â486.
4061:
4049:www.ferris.edu
4036:
3990:
3965:Johnston, Rich
3956:
3929:
3910:
3891:
3880:on 9 July 2012
3865:
3818:
3788:
3770:
3752:
3731:Sabin, Roger.
3724:
3694:
3664:
3657:
3651:. p. 34.
3629:
3622:
3602:"Introduction"
3582:
3564:
3529:
3499:
3484:
3467:
3461:978-1598845112
3460:
3442:
3411:
3378:
3341:
3334:
3308:
3301:
3280:
3260:
3254:978-0060538163
3253:
3226:
3201:
3175:
3146:
3126:
3107:(3): 199â221.
3087:
3051:
3023:
2982:
2949:
2935:
2921:
2889:
2882:
2855:
2844:on 25 May 2013
2838:Random History
2825:
2812:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:Pieces Project
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Comics studies
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2709:
2706:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2566:
2563:
2549:
2546:
2538:
2535:
2439:Italian comics
2437:Main article:
2434:
2433:Italian comics
2431:
2367:Carlos Giménez
2251:CapitĂĄn Trueno
2196:Spanish comics
2194:Main article:
2191:
2190:Spanish comics
2188:
2020:Books of Magic
1980:V for Vendetta
1920:Captain Marvel
1702:British comics
1700:Main article:
1697:
1696:British comics
1694:
1645:Bande dessinée
1643:Main article:
1640:
1637:
1632:Main article:
1629:
1626:
1621:Main article:
1618:
1615:
1610:Main article:
1607:
1606:Chinese manhua
1604:
1578:Main article:
1575:
1572:
1548:Main article:
1545:
1542:
1508:Main article:
1505:
1502:
1486:graphic novels
1475:Main article:
1472:
1471:Japanese manga
1469:
1467:
1464:
1412:
1411:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1331:, Spider-Man,
1329:Captain Marvel
1201:took place in
1179:Main article:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1156:
1155:Digital comics
1153:
1070:Frans Masereel
1048:Main article:
1033:
1032:Graphic novels
1030:
1022:Terminal Press
993:Latin American
944:Robert Pulcini
926:Mike Friedrich
904:Main article:
901:
898:
866:Tijuana bibles
857:counterculture
845:Main article:
842:
839:
799:Fantastic Four
694:Main article:
691:
688:
667:Main article:
664:
661:
611:, followed by
605:$ 1.09 billion
603:was valued at
476:comic-magazine
462:
461:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
433:
432:
419:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
383:
382:
378:
377:
376:
375:
370:
368:Turkish comics
365:
360:
358:Spanish comics
355:
350:
348:Serbian comics
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
323:Mexican comics
320:
315:
303:
298:
296:Italian comics
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
244:Welsh-language
239:British comics
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83:Comics studies
79:
78:
75:Speech balloon
73:
65:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
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6467:Radio program
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6161:Organizations
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5689:United States
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5546:
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5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5520:Decompression
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5477:Tijuana bible
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
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5428:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5398:Comics poetry
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:Silent comics
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:Graphic novel
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:Sunday comics
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
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4967:
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4960:
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4955:
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4951:
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4908:
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4551:
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4515:
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4509:
4504:
4502:0-9520864-3-3
4498:
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4342:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4308:The Telegraph
4306:
4302:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4234:History Today
4230:
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4207:
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4199:
4193:
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4185:
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4162:
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3065:Bleeding Cool
3061:
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2819:Mila Bongco,
2816:
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6214:Critical and
6168:Professional
5953:Comic strips
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5081:Photo comics
5076:Motion comic
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4954:Ashcan comic
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3070:Avatar Press
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2084:". The 2000
2071:
2067:Jamie Delano
2056:
2050:
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2028:
2025:Warren Ellis
2018:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1964:
1953:
1947:
1909:
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1490:Japanese art
1480:
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1445:
1438:
1429:
1425:
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1384:Please help
1380:
1369:
1321:Wonder Woman
1317:
1313:
1309:
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1235:
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1120:), penciler
1114:Arnold Drake
1110:pseudonymous
1103:
1100:digest-sized
1093:
1078:
1060:
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1014:Avatar Press
1011:
1000:
962:
951:
933:
930:Harvey Pekar
919:
909:
891:
883:
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861:drug culture
850:
825:
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801:and Lee and
787:naturalistic
776:
761:
733:Jerry Siegel
721:
713:
707:
701:
699:
672:
633:Wonder Woman
586:volumes and
555:
546:
543:comic strips
536:
530:
523:
520:story papers
513:
503:
497:
496:
479:
475:
471:
467:
465:
291:Irish comics
266:Dutch comics
261:Czech comics
206:
138:
123:Photo comics
36:
6616:Film series
6566:Film series
6493:Media lists
6457:Film series
6435:Book series
6367:WikiProject
6003:Other lists
5948:Comic books
5864:Netherlands
5770:Philippines
5482:Underground
5445:Non-fiction
5363:Alternative
5109:Cartoonists
5091:Text comics
5045:Gag cartoon
5001:Lianhuanhua
4986:Comic strip
4617:10 November
4560:15 November
4432:29 May 2013
4363:22 November
4279:21 November
4212:21 November
3983:18 November
3368:18 February
3080:6 September
2804:Scott Shaw!
2688:Takao Saito
2527:Donald Duck
2523:Walt Disney
2505:digest size
2405:Judge Dredd
2363:Paracuellos
2291:Zipi y Zape
2256:VĂctor Mora
2216:historietas
2041:Mark Millar
2017:mythos and
2014:The Sandman
2009:Neil Gaiman
1932:the Phantom
1878:Judge Dredd
1752:Dick Turpin
1736:Ally Sloper
1718:Ally Sloper
1690:Francophone
1561:. The term
1559:South Korea
1492:. The term
1388:if you can.
1311:published.
1273:Paul Levitz
1166:Market size
1143:Will Eisner
1085:Otto Binder
1072:, American
965:small press
880:Frank Stack
803:Steve Ditko
737:Joe Shuster
720:'s 36-page
676:periodicals
572:6â7 billion
512:" (such as
478:or simply '
394:Cartoonists
363:Thai comics
154:Gag cartoon
144:Comic strip
56:Comic books
6681:Categories
6547:television
6477:web series
5631:By country
5472:Teen humor
5307:Modern Age
5302:Bronze Age
5297:Silver Age
5292:Golden Age
5232:Macedonian
5207:Australian
5188:By country
5174:Minicomics
5071:Film comic
5064:Techniques
4949:Comic book
4783:14 October
4757:14 October
4731:14 October
4249:23 October
3687:26 January
3641:Skinn, Dez
3612:. p.
3156:1141029685
2791:References
2592:comiXology
2555:smartphone
2541:See also:
2491:Tex Willer
2470:Hugo Pratt
2448:Hugo Pratt
2333:SuperlĂłpez
2147:The Topper
2124:Royal Mail
2116:Oor Wullie
2110:The Broons
2105:DC Thomson
1975:Alan Moore
1881:and other
1805:DC Thomson
1767:Statue of
1734:refers to
1498:cartooning
1199:Spider-Man
1159:See also:
1124:and inker
1122:Matt Baker
1018:Hyperwerks
1003:minicomics
921:Star Reach
874:mail order
870:head shops
807:Spider-Man
795:Jack Kirby
637:Spider-Man
619:featuring
547:comic book
518:), boys' "
499:Comic Cuts
468:comic book
404:Publishers
399:Collecting
139:Comic book
118:Cartooning
6462:Media mix
5972:By source
5963:Webcomics
5941:By format
5919:Australia
5722:Hong Kong
5662:Argentina
5540:Superhero
5497:Wrestling
5467:Superhero
5408:Dystopian
5383:Celebrity
5368:Ambiguous
5326:Webcomics
5179:Webcomics
5162:Editorial
5155:By format
5136:Letterers
5121:Colorists
4974:Minicomic
4848:Telegraph
4673:27 August
4335:16 August
4161:Comixtrip
4118:0030-8684
3949:31 August
3801:Comichron
3559:0022-3840
3435:5 January
3164:cite book
3012:cite news
3002:21 August
2701:Big Comic
2649:One Piece
2630:One Piece
2596:Graphicly
2573:launched
2531:Paperinik
2519:Argentina
2497:Dylan Dog
2396:David Aja
2357:El VĂbora
2347:El Jueves
2238:superhero
2135:The Dandy
2129:The Beano
2036:Planetary
1998:Marvelman
1986:From Hell
1825:In 1954,
1820:The Beano
1816:The Beano
1800:The Dandy
1794:The Beano
1779:The Beano
1774:The Beano
1724:Although
1394:July 2019
1325:the Flash
1220:auction.
1138:Blackmark
1126:Ray Osrin
1094:In 1950,
1079:In 1947,
1074:Lynd Ward
989:detective
948:2003 film
893:Zap Comix
864:obscure "
753:superhero
749:archetype
663:Structure
645:the X-Men
613:DC Comics
609:Viz Media
381:Community
311:Hong Kong
92:Education
18:Comicbook
6665:Category
6542:Internet
6357:Category
6264:outreach
6216:academic
6126:ToonSeum
5874:Portugal
5782:Thailand
5765:Pakistan
5655:Americas
5571:Feminist
5515:Antihero
5353:Abstract
5287:American
5222:Filipino
5212:Canadian
5195:American
5101:Creators
5033:Webcomic
4964:One-shot
4852:Archived
4703:6 August
4697:Archived
4647:30 March
4585:Archived
4554:Archived
4534:19 March
4528:Archived
4524:BBC News
4470:Archived
4445:Archived
4357:Archived
4329:archived
4325:BBC News
4301:Archived
4273:Archived
4243:Archived
4206:Archived
4146:: 49â75.
3943:Archived
3921:Archived
3902:Archived
3711:Archived
3681:Archived
3362:Archived
3291:(2000).
3273:Archived
3237:(2004).
3214:Archived
3121:12589544
3074:Archived
2996:GoBoiano
2969:Archived
2908:Archived
2866:(1996).
2780:Webcomic
2708:See also
2696:Golgo 13
2683:Golgo 13
2557:and the
2479:Diabolik
2421:authors
2418:Blacksad
2307:Anacleto
2285:Carpanta
2276:Franquin
2101:"Rupert"
2052:Kick-Ass
1992:Watchmen
1960:Cinebook
1839:Roy Race
1590:include
1580:Webtoons
1574:Webtoons
1534:fan-made
1516:DĆjinshi
1510:DĆjinshi
1504:DĆjinshi
1370:require
1337:Iron Man
1255:Superman
1232:Superman
1218:Heritage
1133:Gil Kane
1063:medieval
958:fine art
888:R. Crumb
791:Stan Lee
778:Showcase
741:Superman
655:, where
625:Superman
582:tankĆbon
174:Webcomic
97:Glossary
6140:Schools
6062:museums
5912:Oceania
5847:Ireland
5842:Hungary
5837:Germany
5830:Belgium
5815:Croatia
5792:Vietnam
5530:Masking
5492:Western
5450:Romance
5418:Fantasy
5269:History
5146:Writers
5126:Editors
5038:Webtoon
5016:Yonkoma
4942:Formats
4883:at the
4724:Natalie
4591:24 July
4476:27 July
4399:26 July
4378:190â191
4167:17 June
4054:30 June
3884:18 July
3838:3 March
3811:16 July
3404:27 June
3224:library
3220:at the
3194:4 April
3044:2 April
2848:16 July
2730:Cartoon
2485:Bonelli
2482:or the
2466:fumetti
2373:Spanish
2296:VĂĄzquez
2280:Escobar
2208:Spanish
2183:2000 AD
2177:Twinkle
2171:Valiant
2093:annuals
1955:Asterix
1887:tabloid
1883:2000 AD
1872:2000 AD
1860:Warrior
1854:Valiant
1686:Flemish
1659:Astérix
1538:Comiket
1372:cleanup
1304:grading
1066:woodcut
973:Eclipse
969:Pacific
751:of the
682:while "
414:Writers
214:Belgium
179:Webtoon
110:Methods
102:History
6010:Awards
5879:Serbia
5869:Poland
5802:Europe
5787:Turkey
5684:Mexico
5677:Quebec
5672:Canada
5667:Brazil
5639:Africa
5559:Themes
5507:Tropes
5440:Horror
5430:Gekiga
5413:Erotic
5346:Genres
5312:events
5131:Inkers
5011:Topper
4926:Comics
4835:(631).
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1242:Batman
983:, and
981:Comico
653:France
629:Batman
601:Canada
592:
576:
488:panels
484:comics
389:Awards
318:Manhwa
306:Manhua
222:Quebec
218:France
62:Comics
32:Comics
6559:manga
6532:anime
6515:films
6505:print
6020:manga
5933:Lists
5901:Wales
5884:Spain
5852:Italy
5753:Korea
5746:lists
5741:Japan
5729:India
5535:Rogue
5403:Crime
5358:Adult
5241:Other
5217:Cuban
4453:Slate
4241:(7).
4122:JSTOR
3117:S2CID
2874:19-20
2462:Italy
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2011:with
1848:Eagle
1828:Tiger
1682:Dutch
1600:Kakao
1596:Naver
1494:manga
1482:Manga
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558:manga
525:Punch
480:comic
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5889:list
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5694:list
5581:LGBT
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5253:list
5167:list
5114:list
4812:ISBN
4785:2021
4759:2021
4733:2021
4705:2018
4675:2020
4649:2015
4619:2011
4593:2013
4562:2018
4536:2012
4497:ISBN
4478:2014
4428:2014
4401:2014
4365:2018
4337:2012
4281:2018
4251:2010
4214:2018
4169:2022
4114:ISSN
4056:2019
3985:2006
3951:2014
3886:2011
3860:help
3840:2022
3813:2018
3745:ISBN
3737:ISBN
3719:2021
3689:2017
3653:ISBN
3618:ISBN
3555:ISSN
3456:ISBN
3437:2010
3406:2008
3370:2015
3330:ISBN
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3196:2021
3170:link
3152:OCLC
3142:ISBN
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