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As can be noted, UD and French procedures are not that different as they have a common goal: to protect, as much as possible, the interest of the minor offender. Nevertheless, except for detention (the separation from adults as well as parents' awareness), the priorities are different. The US prefers
1022:
In the United States, the juvenile varies in definition from state to state. The system applies to anyone between the ages of 6 and 10, depending on the state, and 18; except for 11 states (including
Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas), where a
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At least, the US criminal law system has a particular vocabulary for juvenile cases. Indeed, juvenile offenders commit not a crime but a delinquent act. Also, courts use the term delinquent or not delinquent, instead of guilty or not guilty, just to show that a minor is different from a criminal.
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The punishment depends on the minor's age. As aforesaid, if he is under 7 or 8, he can have no punishment. If he is between 8 and 13, the sentence is nothing more than an educational punishment. If he is over 13, he can have both an educational and a criminal punishment, but the tribunal has to
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The criminal irresponsibility of children under 13 is defined by
Article 122-8 of the Criminal Code. Those between 13 and 18 are assumed to be irresponsible, but they can be involved in a criminal sentence if the circumstances and the juvenile's delinquent personality justify it.
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Juveniles have the same rights as adults. They are assumed innocent, they are notified of charges in advance of any adjudication of delinquency, they have the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, and they have the Fifth
Amendment right against self-incrimination.
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Parents have to be informed of their child's police custody. Moreover, Article 13 of the same order imposes an examination of the parents before the decision of the tribunal. Also, before the juvenile's police custody, the service for the legal protection of youth must be
1114:) is an option. Just like in France, US parents or guardians have to be informed and to be present during the police questioning. At least, the names of juveniles are kept confidential when they are accused of a crime. Juvenile cases are heard by not a jury by a judge.
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Since 1988, the death penalty for children who committed crimes has been outlawed. Also, in March 2005, the death penalty was outlawed for killers who committed their crimes before the age of 18. There were 72 people on
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Secondly, the mediation-retrieval measure in which the minor is involved in the reparation of the damage he caused. The victim must approve. A minor between 16 and 18 may be submitted to a general interest
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In most states, special courts try juveniles, but some like
Colorado do not have them. Some crimes allow juvenile delinquents to be tried by the superior court (such as first-degree murder or gang murder).
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US parents may be liable for the acts of their child if they fail their parent's authority, an example being if the minor is involved in a gang offense. Also, juveniles have no right to bail.
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The specialization of the magistrate. Indeed, the juvenile criminal system has its intervener: the children's judge, the court of assizes of minors, the court of appeal chamber of minors, etc.
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The US is less divided. The penalty is equal for each juvenile offender over 10, and there is no stage differentiation between measures. However, the measures themselves are quite the same:
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The priority is to educate, rather than punish. Article 2 of the order of
February 2, 1945, imposes an educative-placing proposal to minors to whom a detention-placing measure is considered.
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As can be seen, the US and the French systems protect juveniles differently, but both protect effectively. There is also much stress on the prevention of delinquency in both countries.
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Thirdly, the imprisonment measure may not exceed half of the adult imprisonment term. However, the oldest minors (over 16) may have the same penalty as adults if the offence is serious.
1010:, some actions are prohibited for minors, such as the underage consumption of alcohol or tobacco, truancy, running away from home, and ungovernability. A minor can thus become a
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As noted, the goal of juvenile justice in France and the US is clearly to educate child offenders, rather than punish them, even if some measures can be severe.
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Juveniles also have special protections, in addition to juvenile courts, which are closed to the public in the US. In France, closing the court to the public (
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Firstly, the educational measure can be an admonition, a particular educational placing, under legal protection (up to five years), or supervised freedom.
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A minor between 7/8 and 13 has his discernment. No criminal punishment but only educative measures can be pronounced against him, according to a 2002 law.
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case banned it in France) if the parents are prejudiced and informed. Provisory detention is done in a juvenile hall, separated from adults.
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Firstly, the deinstitutionalization of status offenders, moving them from juvenile halls to community-based or family-based environments.
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juvenile is a person under 17 and New York and North
Carolina, where it is under 15. Thus, criminal majority begins at 16, 17, or 18.
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The order of
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Both systems protect but not in the same way. In France, an attorney is compulsory. In the US, there is no jury.
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the confidentiality of minors, but France stresses accommodating the juvenile within the criminal system.
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Committing the delinquent to the
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Thirdly, strong limitation for the juvenile justice system to put juveniles in adult jails.
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Fourthly, the protection of minority groups from being overrepresented in high security.
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Secondly, segregation (sight and sound separation) between juvenile and adult offenders
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International Falcon
Movement – Socialist Educational International
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Ordering the child to work in public buildings or private property
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Too Young to Kill? U.S. Supreme Court Treads a Dangerous Path in
1082:, the juvenile criminal law in France has six key requirements:
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Placing the delinquent in an alternative incarceration program
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Ordering the delinquent to participate in a treatment program
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According to Jean Pierre Rosenczveig, a children's judge in
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Criminal relative responsibility begins at the age of 13.
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All states participate except South Dakota and Wyoming.
1255:"The Long Arm of Federal Juvenile Crime Law Shortened"
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Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth
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United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
915:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
505:Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions
990:pertains to those who are deemed to be below the
1396:An introduction to comparative criminal justice
765:Legal status of tattooing in European countries
770:Legal status of tattooing in the United States
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760:French petition against age of consent laws
111:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
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975:Learn how and when to remove this message
564:National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign
514:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission
60:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
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27:Law for those below the age of majority
1447:: Can Juvenile Offenders be Executed?
70:Convention on the Rights of the Child
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629:World Federation of Democratic Youth
1127:European Convention on Human Rights
1051:France has three stages of minors:
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584:Students for a Democratic Society
569:National Youth Rights Association
18:Comparative juvenile criminal law
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619:Young Communist League of Canada
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1419:Juvenile Sanctions, Info Online
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900:needs additional citations for
291:Behavior modification facility
49:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
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609:Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor
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363:Human rights and youth sport
1376:Jurispedia, Minorité pénale
1280:Jurispedia, Minorité pénale
539:Global Youth Action Network
448:Underage drinking in the US
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1382:Rosenczveig, Jean Pierre;
1306:Rosenczveig, Jean Pierre;
720:Ages of consent in Oceania
624:Young Democrats of America
55:Child Labor Deterrence Act
710:Ages of consent in Europe
604:Youth International Party
509:Canadian Youth for Choice
203:Taking Children Seriously
301:Children in the military
176:Intergenerational equity
99:Newsboys' strike of 1899
75:Fair Labor Standards Act
1197:concerned at the time.
998:Juvenile law by country
705:Ages of consent in Asia
574:One World Youth Project
458:Youth-adult partnership
353:Emancipation of minors
223:Youth detention center
65:Kids Online Safety Act
276:Age of consent reform
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1210:Juvenile delinquency
909:improve this article
373:Juvenile delinquency
311:Compulsory education
261:Adolescent sexuality
171:Free-range parenting
800:Liberation theology
785:Youth Olympic Games
599:UK Youth Parliament
594:Three O'Clock Lobby
579:Queer Youth Network
463:Youth participation
418:Minors and abortion
403:Minimum driving age
321:Corporal punishment
117:Wild in the Streets
81:Hammer v. Dagenhart
1326:2007-07-13 at the
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1220:Rubik's Cube
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1021:
1001:
988:Juvenile law
987:
986:
971:
965:January 2024
962:
952:
945:
938:
931:
919:
907:Please help
902:verification
899:
834:Youth rights
790:Youth sports
519:Common Cents
478:Youth voting
437:U.S. history
392:U.S. history
383:Juvenile law
382:
358:Gambling age
316:Conscription
296:Child labour
193:Social class
161:Ephebiphobia
115:
103:
91:
79:
47:
34:Youth rights
740:Anti-racism
529:DoSomething
433:Smoking age
413:Minor (law)
348:Child abuse
243:Youth voice
213:Unschooling
188:Paternalism
1456:Categories
1265:2021-09-04
1231:References
935:newspapers
795:Youth wing
453:Voting age
42:Activities
1379:in French
1371:in French
1343:in French
1297:in French
1283:in French
1195:death row
1112:huis clos
1070:Operation
810:Socialism
805:Communism
331:at school
156:Democracy
1324:Archived
1204:See also
1158:working.
1006:and the
1002:In both
755:Feminism
647:Fletcher
559:Mermaids
423:Restavec
198:Suffrage
141:Adultism
1424:ABA Net
1391:US Info
1361:Sources
1321:US Info
1096:called.
1078:, near
1076:Bobigny
949:scholar
815:Marxism
699:Related
682:Postman
326:at home
1225:Tetris
1047:France
1004:France
951:
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937:
930:
922:
652:Hanson
641:People
343:Curfew
336:in law
255:Issues
146:Ageism
1368:SĂ©nat
1340:SĂ©nat
1294:SĂ©nat
1080:Paris
956:JSTOR
942:books
677:Males
657:Henry
928:news
687:Yaco
672:Duff
662:Holt
105:Prez
911:by
501:Akt
1458::
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874:e
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