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1790:. “We share a common belief that innovation comes from the edges,” said Luisa Delgado, an SAP HR director, who noted the company valued the ability of many autistic people to “think differently and spark innovation.” SAP’s Bangalore office saw its productivity increase after deploying autistic hires. The company is working closely with a Danish not-for-profit specializing in IT job placements for individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Research data hints that exporting firms have a higher survival rate and achieve greater employment growth compared with non-exporters.
220:. At shorter time scales, competition is also one of the most important factors controlling diversity in ecological communities, but at larger scales expansion and contraction of ecological space is a much larger factor than competition. This is illustrated by living plant communities where asymmetric competition and competitive dominance frequently occur. Multiple examples of symmetric and asymmetric competition also exist for animals.
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prime rival) will punish him for these feelings of desire for the mother, by castrating him. Girls develop penis envy towards all males. The girl's envy is rooted in the biologic fact that, without a penis, she cannot sexually possess mother, as the infantile id demands, resultantly, the girl redirects her desire for sexual union upon father in competitive rivalry with her mother. This constellation of feelings is known as
46:
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humanity. In the society desired by Gandhi, each individual will cooperate and serve for the welfare of others and people will share each other's joys, sorrows and achievements as a norm of a social life. For him, in a non-violent society, competition does not have a place and this should become realized with more people making the personal choice to have fewer tendencies toward egoism and selfishness.
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115:; however, in the real world, mixtures of cooperation and competition are the norm. In economies, as the philosopher R. G. Collingwood argued "the presence of these two opposites together is essential to an economic system. The parties to an economic action co-operate in competing, like two chess players". Optimal strategies to achieve goals are studied in the branch of mathematics known as
529:. Upon receipt of their academic results, students tend to compare their grades to see who is better. In severe cases, the pressure to perform in some countries is so high that it can result in stigmatization of intellectually deficient students, or even suicide as a consequence of failing the exams. Critics of competition as a motivating factor in education systems, such as
811:, in which competition is taken to be unambiguously good, even where that competition leaks into the rules of the game. He claims this drives financialisation (the approximate doubling of proportion of economic resources dedicated to finance and to 'rule making and administering' professions such as law, accountancy and auditing.
601:. Competition, according to the theory, causes commercial firms to develop new products, services and technologies, which would give consumers greater selection and better products. The greater selection typically causes lower prices for the products, compared to what the price would be if there was no competition (
837:. Such competition is evident by the policies undertaken by these countries to educate the future workforce. For example, East Asian economies such as Singapore, Japan and South Korea tend to compete by allocating a large portion of the budget to the education sector, including by implementing programmes such as
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damaged psychological well-beings, but also in the health effects from everyday civilian life caused by work stress, long work hours, abusive working relationships, and poor working conditions, that detract from the enjoyment of life, even as such competition results in financial gain for the owners.
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insisted that "the capitalist system fosters competition and egoism in all its members and thoroughly undermines all genuine forms of community". It promotes a "climate of competitive egoism and individualism", with competition for jobs and competition between employees; Marx said competition between
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correlated most closely with competition. The literature widely supported the importance of competition as the primary driver of reverse auctions success. Their findings appear to support that argument, as competition correlated strongly with the reverse auction success, as well as with the number of
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Most businesses also encourage competition between individual employees. An example of this is a contest between sales representatives. The sales representative with the highest sales (or the best improvement in sales) over a period of time would gain benefits from the employer. This is also known as
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may result in an increase in the frequency of a variant of the species best suited for survival and reproduction until its fixation within a population. However, competition among resources also has a strong tendency for diversification between members of the same species, resulting in coexistence of
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of childhood development where intense primal emotions of competitive rivalry with (usually) the parent of the same sex are rampant and create a crisis that must be negotiated successfully for healthy psychological development to proceed. Unresolved
Oedipus complex competitiveness issues can lead to
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for an elected office. In other words, two or more candidates strive and compete against one another to attain a position of power. The winner gains the seat of the elected office for a predefined period of time, towards the end of which another election is usually held to determine the next holder
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has commented on the harmful effects, stating "people feel that they are under a great deal of pressure. They feel that their main objective in life is to do better than other people. That is certainly what young people are being taught in school every day. And it's not a good basis for a society."
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A trade promotion lottery or competition is a free entry lottery run to promote goods or services supplied by a business. An example is where you purchase goods or services and then given the chance to enter into the lottery and possibly win a prize. A trade promotion lottery can be called a lotto,
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which perform the same function compete against each other. For example, one brand of pick-up trucks competes with several other brands of pick-up trucks. Sometimes, two companies are rivals and one adds new products to their line, which leads to the other company distributing the same new things,
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Experts have also questioned the constructiveness of competition in profitability. It has been argued that competition-oriented objectives are counterproductive to raising revenues and profitability because they limit the options of strategies for firms as well as their ability to offer innovative
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and business, often associated with business competition as companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers. Competition inside a company is usually stimulated with the larger purpose of meeting and reaching higher quality of services or improved products
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explained competition as a primal dilemma in which all infants find themselves. The infant competes with other family members for the attention and affection of the parent of the opposite sex or the primary caregiving parent. During this time, a boy develops a deep fear that the father (the son's
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A 1996 review of the evidence, summarized in this paper, found that competitor-oriented objectives reduced profitability. We describe new evidence from 12 studies, one of which is introduced in this paper. The new evidence supports the conclusion that competitor-oriented objectives are harmful,
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or a challenge provided that it is non-hostile. On the negative side, competition can cause injury and loss to the organisms involved, and drain valuable resources and energy. In the human species competition can be expensive on many levels, not only in lives lost to war, physical injuries, and
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speaks of egoistic competition. For him, such qualities glorified and/or left unbridled, can lead to violence, conflict, discord and destructiveness. For Gandhi, competition comes from the ego, and therefore society must be based on mutual love, cooperation and sacrifice for the well-being of
1129:. A set of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if each represents a best response to the other strategies. If all the players are playing the strategies in a Nash equilibrium, they have no unilateral incentive to deviate, since their strategy is the best they can do given what others are doing.
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Competition is also present between species ("interspecific"). When resources are limited, several species may depend on these resources. Thus, each of the species competes with the others to gain access to the resources. As a result, species less suited to compete for the resources may
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leads many aspiring musicians and actors to make substantial investments in training which are not recouped, because only a fraction become successful. Critics have also argued that competition can be destabilizing, particularly competition between certain financial institutions.
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Using a simple concept to measure heights that firms can climb may help improve execution of strategies. International competitiveness can be measured on several criteria but few are as flexible and versatile to be applied across levels as Trade
Competitiveness Index (TCI)
678:. For example, a family which has $ 20,000 available may choose to spend it on many different items, which can all be seen as competing with each other for the family's expenditure. This form of competition is also sometimes described as a competition of "share of wallet".
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In addition, there is inevitable competition inside a government. Because several offices are appointed, potential candidates compete against the others in order to gain the particular office. Departments may also compete for a limited amount of resources, such as for
549:. Students with a high level of agency thrive on competition, are self-motivated, and are willing to risk failure. Compared to their counterparts who are low in agency, these students are more likely to be flexible, adaptable and creative as adults.
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model. Predicting changes in the competitiveness of business sectors is becoming an integral and explicit step in public policymaking. Within capitalist economic systems, the drive of enterprises is to maintain and improve their own competitiveness.
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workers exceeds that demonstrated by company owners. He also points out that competition separates individuals from one another and while concentration of workers and development of better communication alleviate this, they are not a decision.
494:. Here, it is a comparative measure of the ability and performance of a firm or sub-sector to sell and produce/supply goods and/or services in a given market. The two academic bodies of thought on the assessment of competitiveness are the
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and governments have always been subject to scrutiny and sometimes to severe sanctions. Since the twentieth century, competition law has become global. The two largest, most organised and influential systems of competition regulation are
1818:. These individuals are likely to turn any activity into a competition, and they will feel threatened if they find themselves losing. Researchers have found that men and women who score high on the trait of hypercompetitiveness are more
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competitive and non-competitive strategies or cycles between low and high competitiveness. Third parties within a species often favour highly competitive strategies leading to species extinction when environmental conditions are harsh (
1944:
prefers to think of evolution in terms of competition between single genes, which have the welfare of the organism 'in mind' only insofar as that welfare furthers their own selfish drives for replication (termed the 'selfish gene').
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compete against each other in order to come closest to a conceptual ideal of a perfect performance, which incorporates measurable criteria and standards which are translated into numerical ratings and scores by appointed judges.
2675:- "competition 1 : the act or process of competing : rivalry: such as a : the effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms "
1710:. Thus, sports provide artificial (not natural) competition; for example, competing for control of a ball, or defending territory on a playing field is not an innate biological factor in humans. Athletes in sports such as
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1699:, where the goal is to reach a destination, with only natural barriers impeding the process. A regularly scheduled (for instance annual) competition meant to determine the "best" competitor of that cycle is called a
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1814:; specifically, the highly aggressive personality type which is characterized as "moving against people". In her view, some people have a need to compete and win at all costs as a means of maintaining their
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733:. The competing brands by the same company allowed parts to be designed by one division and shared by several divisions, for example parts designed by Chevrolet would also be used by Pontiac. In 1931
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Competition is a major factor in education. On a global scale, national education systems, intending to bring out the best in the next generation, encourage competitiveness among students through
1940:. However, some biologists disagree, citing competition as a driving force only on a small scale, and citing the larger scale drivers of evolution to be abiotic factors (termed 'Room to Roam').
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This problem is greatly exacerbated by Marx's insistence that the capitalist system fosters competition and egoism in all its members and thoroughly undermines all genuine forms of community.
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claim that competition also serves as a mechanism for determining the best-suited group; politically, economically and ecologically. Positively, competition may serve as a form of
3200:
72:). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including
663:, where products which are close substitutes for one another compete. For example, butter competes with margarine, with mayonnaise and with other various sauces and spreads.
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Another distinction appearing in economics is that between competition as an end-state – as in the case of both perfect and imperfect competition – and competition as a
475:, which coexists along with the urge for survival. Competitiveness, or the inclination to compete, though, has become synonymous with aggressiveness and ambition in the
343:
Competition or trade promotion lottery entrants enter to win a prize or prizes, hence many entrants are all in competition, or competing for a limited number of prizes.
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Ryckman, R. M.; Thornton, B.; Butler, J. C. (1994). "Personality correlates of the hypercompetitive attitude scale: Validity tests of Horney's theory of neurosis".
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Competition can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Many evolutionary biologists view inter-species and intra-species competition as the driving force of
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and less psychologically healthy than those who score low on the trait. Hypercompetitive individuals generally believe that winning is the only thing that matters.
1671:) have been viewed as primarily recreational, most sports are considered competitive. The majority involve competition between two or more persons (sometimes using
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have identified a trait in most living organisms which can drive the particular organism to compete. This trait, called competitiveness, is viewed as having a high
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1683:, two teams compete against one another to determine who can score the most points. When there is no set reward for the winning team, many players gain a sense of
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Second, competition law can ban the existence or abusive behaviour of a firm dominating the market. One case in point could be a software company who through its
989:(DGCOMP) have formed international support- and enforcement-networks. Competition law is growing in importance every day, which warrants for its careful study.
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measures in order to prevent or reduce competition. Depending on the respective economic policy, pure competition is to a greater or lesser extent regulated by
1774:. For nations, as well as firms it is important to understand trade dynamics in order to market their goods and services effectively in international markets.
1207:, publishing houses and theaters, have increasingly become a means for aspiring writers to gain recognition. Awards for fiction include those sponsored by the
567:) as " rivalry: such as the effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms".
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is often limited or restricted. Competition often is subject to legal restrictions. For example, competition may be legally prohibited, as in the cases of a
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533:, assert that competition actually has a net negative influence on the achievement levels of students, and that it "turns all of us into losers". Economist
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It is a process of rivalry between firms (or consumers) intensifying selective pressures for improvements. One can restate this as a process of discovery.
3139:, School of Mathematics and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne. 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, 12–16 December 2011
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responses to changes in the market. In addition, the strong desire to defeat rival firms with competitive prices has the strong possibility of causing
3259:
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Eisenberg, Jacob; Thompson, William Forde (16 April 2012). "The
Effects of Competition on Improvisers' Motivation, Stress, and Creative Performance".
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Such competitions can be games of luck (randomly drawn) or skill (judged on an entry question or submission), or possibly a combination of both.
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1256:, examines the perils and disadvantages of competition in (for example) biology, families, sport, education, commerce and the Soviet Union.
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typically consider alternative investment opportunities given their risk profile, and not only look at companies just competing on product (
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960:, and regulation becomes necessary to protect the ideal market model. Behind the theory lies the history, reaching back further than the
138:, for instance, study the nature of competition. They investigate the natural urge of competition and its circumstances. They also study
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944:. Hence competition law is closely connected with the law on deregulation of access to markets, providing state aids and subsidies, the
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2600:"The impact of competition on intrinsic motivation and creativity: Considering gender, gender segregation and gender role orientation"
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Smith, Ken G.; Ferrier, Walter J.; Ndofor, Hermann (2017-11-26), Hitt, Michael A.; Freeman, R. Edward; Harrison, Jeffrey S. (eds.),
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of very large corporations. Competition authorities could for instance require that a large packaging company give plastic bottle
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Margaret
Heffernan's brave study shows how the competitive instinct can be bad for us in all walks of life, from sport to finance
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Competitive sports are governed by codified rules agreed upon by the participants. Violating these rules is considered to be
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in the United States. The correct technical name for
Australian consumer competitions is a trade promotion lottery or lotto.
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First, it prohibits agreements aimed to restrict free trading between business entities and their customers. For example, a
3304:
1687:. In addition, extrinsic rewards may also be given. Athletes, besides competing against other humans, also compete against
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of state-owned assets and the use of independent sector regulators, such as the United
Kingdom telecommunications watchdog
1900:
1386:(after the Greek Mythology figure who accidentally killed his father and married his mother). This is associated with the
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Competition within, between, and among species is one of the most important forces in biology, especially in the field of
336:
In
Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, competitions or lotto are the equivalent of what are commonly known as
2469:"On Becoming Unstuck: Teleoaffective Tactics, Thrills, and the Serial Entrants of Promotional Competitions in Australia"
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and prehistory of competition in various cultures. They also investigate how competition manifested itself in various
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741:, with each brand allocated resources, including a dedicated group of employees willing to champion the brand. Each
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initiated a deliberate system of internal brand-versus-brand rivalry. The company was organized around different
3335: • Vincent P. Crawford (1997). "Theory and Experiment in the Analysis of Strategic Interaction," in
1125:. A common assumption is that players act rationally. In non-cooperative games, the most famous of these is the
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Game-theoretic model to examine the two tradeoffs in the acquisition of information for a careful balancing act
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3569: • Kyle Bagwell and Asher Wolinsky (2002). "Game theory and Industrial Organization," ch. 49,
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3361: • Martin Shubik, 2002. "Game Theory and Experimental Gaming," in R. Aumann and S. Hart, ed.,
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Cabral, J. Centurion; Garcia, Calebe Mattos; Solano, Maiara; de
Almeida, Rosa Maria Martins (2022-12-29).
1971:
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1557:). The result of this type of competition often leads to worldwide tensions, and may sometimes erupt into
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2334:"Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land"
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of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers." Game theory is mainly used in
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lifelong neuroses manifesting in various ways related to an overdetermined relationship to competition.
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Competition in sports. One selection of images showing some of the sporting events that are classed as
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on the capital markets (equity or debt) in order to generate the necessary cash for their operations.
487:, as a way to distribute resources and adapt. Many plants compete with neighboring ones for sunlight.
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3152:(2006). "Agent-Based Computational Economics: A Constructive Approach to Economic Theory," ch. 16,
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for world power, and the two also struggled over the different types of government (in these cases
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can be considered a crude, but widely used proxy for international competitiveness across levels:
1762:, held every four years, is usually regarded as the international pinnacle of sports competition.
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3655:• Martin Shubik (1978). "Game Theory: Economic Applications," in W. Kruskal and J.M. Tanur, ed.,
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616:(and prices) in some circumstances. For example, the intense competition for the small number of
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3829:. Philosophy and Society Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated. p. 95.
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was given responsibility for the success or failure of the brand, and compensated accordingly.
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of the company so that each division would compete with the other divisions. For example, the
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1506:, elected leaders of different parties will ultimately compete against the other parties for
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Award, sponsored by the Yale Drama Series, is among the most prestigious playwriting awards.
952:. Behind the practice lies the theory, which over the last fifty years has been dominated by
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956:. Markets are seen as the most efficient method of allocating resources, although sometimes
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In recent decades, competition law has also been sold as good medicine to provide better
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when in a static, repetitive, or unchanging environment. Competition is a major tenet of
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216:, this competition within and between species for resources plays a significant role in
3938:"Export Competitiveness of Select Firms from India: Glimpse of Trends and Implications"
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which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a
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of sports shops who together fix football-jersey prices higher than normal is illegal.
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show that the effect of competition on students depends on each individual's level of
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Competition between countries is quite subtle to detect, but is quite evident in the
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2383:"Asymmetric competition over calling sites in two closely related treefrog species"
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146:, meanwhile, study the effects of competition on society as a whole. Additionally,
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3617:• Martin Shubik (1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
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1054:. Applications include a wide array of economic phenomena and approaches, such as
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However, competition may also lead to wasted (duplicated) effort and to increased
79:
Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same
3824:
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Competition between members of a species ("intraspecific") for resources such as
95:, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of
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leads to a broader peer universe of comparable, indirectly competing companies.
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2799:"Is Competition Such a Good Thing? Static Efficiency versus Dynamic Efficiency"
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and later economists described competition in general as allocating productive
17:
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Strategy and Market
Structure: Competition, Oligopoly, and the Theory of Games
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especially when managers receive information about competitors' market shares.
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Baldauf, Sebastian A.; Engqvist, Leif; Weissing, Franz J. (29 October 2014).
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2880:"Competition, Regulation, and the Market Process: An "Austrian" Perspective"
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Competition does not necessarily have to be between companies. For example,
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3719:"Options Games: Balancing the trade-off between flexibility and commitment"
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1039:, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants.
4007:
3563:, and "Non-Cooperative Game Theory: A User's Guide Manual,' " ch. 11, pp.
2246:
597:, concluding that no system of resource allocation is more efficient than
2107:"More than a feeling: Effects of competitive asymmetry on human emotions"
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709:. This is competition within companies. The idea was first introduced by
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192:
3484:
2849:"Electronic Reverse Auctions and the Public Sector – Factors of Success"
2672:
1121:
This research usually focuses on particular sets of strategies known as
3123:
2306:
2281:
2021:
1860: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1779:
1743:
1727:
1664:
1526:
1511:
1306: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1071:
1055:
1028:
906:
777:
765:
756:
Shalev and
Asbjornsen found that success (i.e. the saving resulted) of
683:
391: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
264: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
173:
155:
151:
61:
27:
Rivalry where multiple parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared
2534:
2445:. NSW Government Office of Liquor, Gaming & Racing. Archived from
2406:
3754:
A Bigger Prize: Why Competition Isn't Everything and How We Do Better
3705:
3588:
3137:
Psychological Pricing in Mergers & Acquisitions using Game Theory
1750:. While most sports competitions are recreation, there exist several
1735:
1688:
1668:
1499:
965:
888:
675:
639:
Three levels of end-state economic competition have been classified:
525:
programmes which cater for specialist students, prompting charges of
96:
3598:
563:
Merriam-Webster gives as one definition of competition (relating to
3413: • _____ (1997). "Progress in Behavioral Game Theory,"
1802:
The tendency toward extreme, unhealthy competition has been termed
1722:
Sports competition is generally broken down into three categories:
647:(also called "category competition" or "brand competition"), where
158:
settings in the past, and how competition has developed over time.
3717:
Chevalier-Roignant, Benoît; Trigeorgis, Lenos (15 February 2012).
3312:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
3092:(1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
2598:
Conti, Regina; Picariello, Martha; Collins, Mary (December 2001).
1771:
1684:
1656:
1634:
1032:
1020:
949:
854:
738:
717:
in the 1920s. Sloan deliberately created areas of overlap between
184:
88:
44:
3923:"Autism's Competitive Advantage, and Challenge, in the Workplace"
3218: • Tuomas Sandholm. "computing in mechanism design."
1651:
are regarded as the international pinnacle of sports competition.
921:
by ensuring that each business must compete for its share of the
804:
typically leading to less competitive businesses being launched.
1660:
613:
180:
65:
3337:
Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications
2062:"Competitive Dynamics Research: Critique and Future Directions"
901:
Third, to preserve competitive markets, the law supervises the
1829:
1568:
1558:
1507:
1410:
1275:
1136:
933:
876:
360:
353:
People that enjoy entering competitions are known as compers.
233:
142:, to detect how competition emerges and what its effects are.
83:. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other
2381:
Borzée, Amaël; Kim, Jun Young; Jang, Yikweon (7 Sep 2016).
898:
on computer platforms makes consumers use its media player.
3786:"A Bigger Prize review – the price we pay for competition"
2758:"Competitor-oriented Objectives: The Myth of Market Share"
2068:, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. 309–354,
122:
Competition has been studied in several fields, including
977:. The respective national/international authorities, the
3522: • R. Aumann and S. Hart, ed. (1992, 2002).
3212: _____. "revelation principle."
917:
In all three cases, competition law aims to protect the
483:
integrate aggressiveness and competitiveness into their
3234:
and Amir Ronen (2001). "Algorithmic Mechanism Design,"
2983:
Commission of the European Communities v Tetra Laval BV
2327:
2325:
3309: • _____, 2001. "Experimental Economics,"
1758:
professional sports leagues throughout the world. The
111:
Competition is often considered to be the opposite of
1203:
Literary competitions, such as contests sponsored by
987:
European Commission's Competition Directorate General
670:. Included in this category is anything on which the
666:
The broadest form of competition is typically called
212:
by character dislocation, for instance. According to
3865:
Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism
3826:
Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism
2847:
Shalev, Moshe Eitan; Asbjornsen, Stee (2010-03-30).
3669:(scrollable to chapter-outline or abstract links):
3667:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3593: • _____ with Richard Levitan (1980).
3571:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3524:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3363:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3277:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3035:
2251:(2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
2240:
2238:
829:. Countries compete to provide the best possible
581:to their most highly valued uses and encouraging
3792:(UK ed.). Guardian News and Media Limited.
2990: (EU Court of Justice 15 February 2005).
796:. Another component of these activities is the
694:). Enlarging the investment universe to include
2514:"It's such a rush: the secret lives of compers"
521:. Countries such as England and Singapore have
347:competition, contest, sweepstake, or giveaway.
3633:A Game-Theoretic Approach to Political Economy
2988: European Court Reports Case C-12/03 P
2536:No contest : the case against competition
2332:Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Ferry, P.A. (2010).
2066:The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management
224:Consumer competitions – games of luck or skill
64:where two or more parties strive for a common
3936:Manthri P.; Bhokray K.; Momaya K. S. (2015).
2756:J. Scott Armstrong; Kesten C. Greene (2007).
8:
3170:(2008). "computer science and game theory,"
2227:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
964:. The business practices of market traders,
883:as antitrust law, has three main functions:
3392:. "behavioural economics and game theory."
3343:. Cambridge. Reprinted in Colin F. Camerer
3114:(1989). "The Theory of Business Strategy,"
2282:"Diversifying evolution of competitiveness"
1603:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1445:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1171:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3327:Handbook of Experimental Economics Results
909:to competitors before taking over a major
764:Business and economic competition in most
3889:
3887:
3885:
3857:
3855:
2716:J. Scott Armstrong; Fred Collopy (1994).
2480:
2414:
2357:
2305:
1920:Learn how and when to remove this message
1623:Learn how and when to remove this message
1533:struggles for world dominance, power, or
1521:Finally, competition also exists between
1465:Learn how and when to remove this message
1366:Learn how and when to remove this message
1191:Learn how and when to remove this message
451:Learn how and when to remove this message
324:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:that the company may produce or develop.
3897:Gandhian Theory of Social Reconstruction
3657:International Encyclopedia of Statistics
3384:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3190:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3172:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3081:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
2878:Kirzner, Israel M. (30 September 1982).
2693:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3275:Aumann, R. and Hart, S. (eds.) (1994).
2941:JJB Sports PLC v Office of Fair Trading
2786:from the original on 11 September 2022.
2052:
2604:Personality and Individual Differences
2220:
2191:"Economics as a Philosophical Science"
1042:Game theory is a major method used in
496:Structure Conduct Performance Paradigm
3579: • Martin Shubik (1959).
3549:The Theory of Industrial Organization
3034:Chabris, Christopher (26 July 2013).
2842:
2840:
500:New Empirical Industrial Organisation
7:
2909:"Trust and the competition delusion"
2100:
2098:
2074:10.1111/b.9780631218616.2006.00012.x
1858:adding citations to reliable sources
1601:adding citations to reliable sources
1443:adding citations to reliable sources
1304:adding citations to reliable sources
1169:adding citations to reliable sources
674:might want to spend their available
389:adding citations to reliable sources
262:adding citations to reliable sources
3597:, Harvard University Press. Review
3154:Handbook of Computational Economics
2896:from the original on 2 August 2019.
2195:The International Journal of Ethics
2189:Collingwood, Robin, George (1926).
1123:"solution concepts" or "equilibria"
1084:agent-based computational economics
1050:competing behaviors of interacting
985:(FTC) in the United States and the
871:enforcers of U.S. competition laws.
682:In addition, companies compete for
543:Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
541:However, other studies such as the
3900:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
3619:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
3515:Game Theory and Economic Modelling
3098:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
2957:In the E.U. side of the saga, see
1035:. Originally, it mainly addressed
975:European Community competition law
618:top jobs in music and movie-acting
25:
3987:Journal of Personality Assessment
3862:Buchanan, Allen E. (1982-01-01).
3661: • Robert Aumann and
3329:, v. 1, Elsevier, Part 4, Games,
3135:N. Agarwal and P. Zeephongsekul.
3002:Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict
2907:Gruen, Nicholas (February 2020).
2803:Review of Industrial Organization
2765:International Journal of Business
2580:from the original on 2 March 2022
2111:The Journal of General Psychology
1098:; and across such broad areas as
3473:Advances in Behavioral Economics
3451:Advances in Behavioral Economics
3415:Journal of Economic Perspectives
3349:Advances in Behavioral Economics
3325:and Vernon L. Smith, ed., 2008.
3301:Towards a History of Game Theory
2568:Salitto, David (12 April 2011).
1834:
1573:
1415:
1280:
1141:
725:division would compete with the
652:and in this manner they compete.
365:
238:
3957:10.17010/ijom/2015/v45/i5/79934
3555:and chapter-preview links, pp.
3453:, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers.
3365:, Elsevier, v. 3, pp. 2327–51.
3351:, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers.
3096:and Michael Intriligator, ed.,
1997:Ecological model of competition
1845:needs additional citations for
1641:United States Olympic Committee
1291:needs additional citations for
807:Nicholas Gruen has referred to
376:needs additional citations for
249:needs additional citations for
3757:. London: Simon and Schuster.
3559:, "General Organization," pp.
3477:Journal of Economic Literature
3255:, Cambridge University Press.
3070:Journal of Economic Literature
3037:"The Science of Winning Poker"
2948: (CAT 1 October 2003).
2887:Cato Institute Policy Analysis
2718:"The Profitability of Winning"
2207:10.1086/intejethi.36.2.2377247
1:
3627:10.1016/S1573-4382(81)01011-4
3595:Market Structure and Behavior
3423: • _____ (2003).
3371:10.1016/S1574-0005(02)03025-4
3162:10.1016/S1574-0021(05)02016-2
3106:10.1016/S1573-4382(81)01011-4
3020:. Chapter-preview links, pp.
2859:(3). Rochester, NY: 428–452.
2853:Journal of Public Procurement
2616:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00217-8
2570:"What really makes us happy?"
2482:10.1080/00141844.2022.2114517
2123:10.1080/00221309.2022.2160427
1806:. This concept originated in
1770:Competition is also found in
1679:). For example, in a game of
1477:Competition is also found in
1003:Game theory is "the study of
776:. Governments may institute
3631: •_____ (1987).
3401:. "behavioral game theory."
3004:. Harvard University Press.
2643:10.1080/10400419.2011.571185
2539:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2512:Sear, Cynthia (2022-11-20).
2467:Sear, Cynthia (2022-08-25).
1742:sports competition, such as
936:-payers and administered by
32:Competition (disambiguation)
3945:Indian Journal of Marketing
3894:Dayal, Parmeshwari (2006).
3784:Morris, Iain (2014-03-10).
3236:Games and Economic Behavior
2631:Creativity Research Journal
2439:"Trade promotion lotteries"
1537:strength. For example, the
1502:. Finally, where there are
971:United States antitrust law
800:, with instances of higher
774:government-granted monopoly
4079:
4000:10.1207/s15327752jpa6201_8
3471:(2006). "Advancing Beyond
3408:November 23, 2011, at the
3225:November 23, 2011, at the
3206:November 23, 2011, at the
3000:Myerson, Roger B. (1997).
1645:Colorado Springs, Colorado
1064:mergers & acquisitions
996:
979:U.S. Department of Justice
932:, traditionally funded by
848:
835:multinational corporations
818:
556:
513:Competition-based learning
510:
498:and the more contemporary
227:
165:
93:compete for food and mates
29:
3723:European Financial Review
3195:
3116:RAND Journal of Economics
2972:Order, 17 September 2007
2673:Definition of competition
2201:(2): 162–185 at. p. 177.
605:) or little competition (
490:The term also applies to
3659:, v. 2, pp. 372–78.
3496:• Eric Rasmusen (2007).
3319:per sect. 1.1 & 2.1.
2002:Monopolistic competition
1551:representative democracy
983:Federal Trade Commission
903:mergers and acquisitions
809:The Competition Delusion
643:The most narrow form is
36:Compete (disambiguation)
3253:Algorithmic Game Theory
3079:(2008). "game theory,"
3043:The Wall Street Journal
2970:Microsoft v. Commission
2815:10.1023/a:1011160622792
2727:: 61–63. Archived from
2245:Keddy, Paul A. (2001).
1112:industrial organization
954:neo-classical economics
867:houses the influential
751:intra-brand competition
559:Competition (economics)
99:, power, prestige, and
3441: • _____,
3425:Behavioral Game Theory
3199:. "mechanism design."
2889:(18). Cato Institute.
2690:2008). "competition,"
2443:Trade & Investment
2350:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024
1972:Biological interaction
1967:Asymmetric competition
1652:
1487:free and fair election
1100:experimental economics
1044:mathematical economics
872:
802:government regulations
589:distinguished between
54:
3605:15 March 2010 at the
3498:Games and Information
3479:, 44(3), pp. 694–711
3417:, 11(4), p. 172, pp.
3386:(2008), 2nd Edition:
3073:classification codes.
2286:Nature Communications
2037:Zero-profit condition
1977:Competition regulator
1638:
1541:competed against the
1491:electoral competition
1228:North American Review
1108:information economics
861:Department of Justice
858:
595:imperfect competition
574:The Wealth of Nations
228:Further information:
168:Competition (biology)
48:
4022:"Competition freaks"
3643:29 June 2011 at the
3621:, v. 1, pp. 285–330
3359:, Princeton, ch. 12.
3193:(2008), 2nd Edition:
3118:, 20(1), pp. 125–37
3100:, v. 1, pp. 285–330
2797:Blaug, Mark (2001).
2533:Kohn, Alfie (1986).
2027:Student competitions
1987:Conflict of interest
1936:, and ultimately of
1854:improve this article
1804:hypercompetitiveness
1798:Hypercompetitiveness
1597:improve this section
1439:improve this section
1300:improve this article
1165:improve this section
1104:behavioral economics
919:welfare of consumers
735:Procter & Gamble
707:internal competition
696:indirect competitors
661:indirect competition
587:microeconomic theory
385:improve this article
258:improve this article
198:evolutionary suicide
85:biological resources
30:For other uses, see
3749:Heffernan, Margaret
3281:"Voting Procedures"
3156:, v. 2, pp. 831–80
2399:2016NatSR...632569B
2298:2014NatCo...5.5233B
1982:Competitor analysis
1693:whitewater kayaking
1643:'s headquarters in
1088:general equilibrium
1005:mathematical models
770:government monopoly
705:sometimes refer to
599:perfect competition
591:perfect competition
214:evolutionary theory
162:Biology and ecology
4028:. 28 November 2005
3921:Schrage, Michael.
3821:Buchanan, Allen E.
3700:2013-05-24 at the
3443:George Loewenstein
3262:2012-05-05 at the
2965:2022-02-10 at the
2703:2015-02-15 at the
2387:Scientific Reports
2307:10.1038/ncomms6233
2017:Prisoner's dilemma
1708:unfair competition
1691:in sports such as
1653:
1250:Margaret Heffernan
873:
821:Race to the bottom
790:competition policy
729:division for some
692:direct competitors
668:budget competition
645:direct competition
55:
4026:Los Angeles Times
3907:978-81-269-0603-1
3875:978-0-416-33450-0
3168:Joseph Y. Halpern
2685:George J. Stigler
2546:978-0-395-63125-6
2407:10.1038/srep32569
2258:978-94-010-0694-1
2083:978-1-4051-6402-3
2007:Non-zero-sum game
1950:social Darwinists
1930:
1929:
1922:
1904:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1350:
1205:literary journals
1201:
1200:
1193:
1116:political economy
1046:and business for
1013:political science
798:discovery process
655:The next form is
571:in his 1776 book
523:special education
461:
460:
453:
435:
334:
333:
326:
308:
218:natural selection
40:Competitor (ship)
16:(Redirected from
4070:
4063:Human activities
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4018:
4012:
4011:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3959:. Archived from
3942:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3891:
3880:
3879:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3725:. Archived from
3714:
3708:
3692:
3686:
3653:
3647:
3615:
3609:
3541:
3535:
3506:chapter-preview.
3494:
3488:
3399:Colin F. Camerer
3380:
3374:
3323:Charles R. Plott
3293:
3287:
3285:"Social Choice."
3279:, v. 2, ch. 30:
3273:
3267:
3197:Roger B. Myerson
3185:
3179:
3150:Leigh Tesfatsion
3146:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3015:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2955:
2949:
2946: 1022/1/1/03
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2884:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2762:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2722:
2713:
2707:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2610:(8): 1273–1289.
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2484:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:on 17 March 2022
2167:. Archived from
2157:
2151:
2150:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2057:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1862:
1838:
1830:
1776:Balance of trade
1734:sports, such as
1726:sports, such as
1714:and competitive
1628:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1577:
1569:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1419:
1411:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1308:
1284:
1276:
1234:Southwest Review
1196:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1145:
1137:
1127:Nash equilibrium
1092:mechanism design
1025:computer science
865:Washington, D.C.
839:gifted education
833:environment for
758:reverse auctions
703:business writers
527:academic elitism
479:. More advanced
477:English language
456:
449:
445:
442:
436:
434:
393:
369:
361:
329:
322:
318:
315:
309:
307:
266:
242:
234:
105:market economies
21:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4015:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3893:
3892:
3883:
3876:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3802:
3800:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3729:on 20 June 2013
3716:
3715:
3711:
3704:Research paper
3702:Wayback Machine
3693:
3689:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3645:Wayback Machine
3630:
3616:
3612:
3607:Wayback Machine
3592:
3578:
3568:
3542:
3538:
3521:
3509: •
3508:
3495:
3491:
3467: •
3466:
3440:
3435:(+), and ch. 1
3422:
3412:
3410:Wayback Machine
3397: •
3396:
3388: •
3387:
3381:
3377:
3360:
3347:., ed. (2003).
3334:
3321: •
3320:
3315:, pp. 5100–08.
3308:
3297:Vernon L. Smith
3294:
3290:
3274:
3270:
3264:Wayback Machine
3251:., ed. (2007).
3244: •
3243:
3238:, 35(1–2), pp.
3230: •
3229:
3227:Wayback Machine
3217:
3211:
3208:Wayback Machine
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:, 2nd Edition.
3166: •
3165:
3147:
3143:
3134:
3130:
3110: •
3109:
3088: •
3087:
3083:, 2nd Edition.
3075: •
3074:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3012:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2967:Wayback Machine
2961:
2956:
2952:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2913:Griffith Review
2906:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:Chief Executive
2720:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2705:Wayback Machine
2683:
2679:
2670:
2666:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2547:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2519:TheGuardian.com
2511:
2510:
2506:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2338:Biology Letters
2331:
2330:
2323:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2259:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2219:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2165:Sociology Guide
2159:
2158:
2154:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2012:Planned economy
1963:
1942:Richard Dawkins
1926:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1863:
1861:
1851:
1839:
1828:
1810:'s theories on
1800:
1768:
1629:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1594:
1578:
1567:
1494:of the office.
1471:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1436:
1420:
1409:
1397:
1384:Oedipus Complex
1372:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1285:
1274:
1262:
1247:
1210:Missouri Review
1197:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1162:
1146:
1135:
1001:
995:
930:public services
879:, known in the
853:
851:Competition law
847:
823:
817:
794:competition law
731:market segments
561:
555:
515:
509:
457:
446:
440:
437:
394:
392:
382:
370:
359:
357:Competitiveness
330:
319:
313:
310:
267:
265:
255:
243:
232:
226:
170:
164:
148:anthropologists
43:
28:
23:
22:
18:Competitiveness
15:
12:
11:
5:
4076:
4074:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:Human behavior
4055:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4013:
3976:
3928:
3913:
3906:
3881:
3874:
3851:
3835:
3812:
3776:
3763:
3740:
3709:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3648:
3610:
3536:
3511:David M. Kreps
3489:
3469:Drew Fudenberg
3449:, ed. (2003).
3375:
3288:
3268:
3180:
3141:
3128:
3056:
3026:
3010:
2992:
2974:
2950:
2932:
2925:
2899:
2870:
2836:
2789:
2748:
2708:
2677:
2664:
2637:(2): 129–136.
2621:
2590:
2560:
2545:
2525:
2504:
2459:
2430:
2373:
2321:
2272:
2257:
2234:
2181:
2152:
2117:(4): 485–511.
2094:
2082:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1928:
1927:
1910:September 2022
1842:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1799:
1796:
1767:
1764:
1736:doubles tennis
1697:mountaineering
1631:
1630:
1581:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1473:
1472:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1396:
1395:Mahatma Gandhi
1393:
1374:
1373:
1356:September 2022
1288:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1254:A Bigger Prize
1246:
1243:
1222:Indiana Review
1199:
1198:
1149:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1096:voting systems
1080:social network
1037:zero-sum games
997:Main article:
994:
991:
981:(DOJ) and the
938:democratically
923:market economy
915:
914:
899:
892:
849:Main article:
846:
843:
816:
813:
715:General Motors
680:
679:
664:
653:
557:Main article:
554:
551:
535:Richard Layard
511:Main article:
508:
505:
473:adaptive value
459:
458:
373:
371:
364:
358:
355:
332:
331:
246:
244:
237:
230:Game of chance
225:
222:
166:Main article:
163:
160:
140:group dynamics
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4075:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3977:
3966:on 2016-03-04
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:9780847670390
3832:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3777:
3766:
3764:9781471100772
3760:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3635:. MIT Press.
3634:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:, MIT Press.
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:Matthew Rabin
3444:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3427:, Princeton.
3426:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:Kenneth Arrow
3091:
3090:Martin Shubik
3086:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3011:9780674341166
3007:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:Case T-201/04
2954:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2926:9781925773804
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:(1): 116–34.
2770:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2734:on 2010-06-22
2730:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2449:on 2013-07-29
2448:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:(4): 544–47.
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:"Competition"
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:(in French).
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1913:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871: –
1870:
1869:"Competition"
1866:
1865:Find sources:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1843:This section
1841:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:Olympic Games
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1649:Olympic Games
1646:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1613:February 2024
1606:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1582:This section
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:United States
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:party systems
1501:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1469:
1466:
1458:
1455:February 2024
1448:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1424:This section
1422:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:phallic stage
1385:
1380:
1379:Sigmund Freud
1370:
1367:
1359:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317: –
1316:
1315:"Competition"
1312:
1311:Find sources:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1289:This section
1287:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:Boston Review
1212:
1211:
1206:
1195:
1192:
1184:
1181:February 2024
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1150:This section
1148:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:fair division
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:, as well as
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:privatisation
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
885:
884:
882:
881:United States
878:
870:
866:
862:
857:
852:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:world economy
822:
814:
812:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:protectionist
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
759:
754:
752:
746:
744:
743:brand manager
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:
640:
637:
635:
630:
628:
622:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:
570:
566:
560:
552:
550:
548:
544:
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
514:
506:
504:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
481:civilizations
478:
474:
470:
469:psychologists
466:
455:
452:
444:
441:February 2024
433:
430:
426:
423:
419:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402: –
401:
400:"Competition"
397:
396:Find sources:
390:
386:
380:
379:
374:This section
372:
368:
363:
362:
356:
354:
351:
348:
344:
341:
339:
328:
325:
317:
314:February 2024
306:
303:
299:
296:
292:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275: –
274:
273:"Competition"
270:
269:Find sources:
263:
259:
253:
252:
247:This section
245:
241:
236:
235:
231:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
169:
161:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:psychologists
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
70:zero-sum game
67:
63:
59:
53:competitions.
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4030:. Retrieved
4025:
4016:
3994:(1): 84–94.
3991:
3985:
3979:
3968:. Retrieved
3961:the original
3948:
3944:
3931:
3916:
3896:
3864:
3846:
3840:. Retrieved
3825:
3815:
3807:
3801:. Retrieved
3790:The Guardian
3789:
3779:
3768:. Retrieved
3753:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3722:
3712:
3690:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3632:
3618:
3613:
3594:
3580:
3573:, v. 3, pp.
3570:
3548:
3539:
3523:
3519:Description.
3514:
3497:
3492:
3476:
3472:
3450:
3424:
3414:
3383:
3378:
3362:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3326:
3310:
3300:
3291:
3283:and ch. 31:
3276:
3271:
3252:
3248:
3235:
3188:
3183:
3171:
3153:
3144:
3131:
3115:
3112:Carl Shapiro
3097:
3080:
3068:
3059:
3049:11 September
3047:. Retrieved
3041:
3029:
3001:
2995:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2953:
2940:
2935:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2886:
2873:
2856:
2852:
2809:(1): 37–48.
2806:
2802:
2792:
2768:
2764:
2751:
2742:
2736:. Retrieved
2729:the original
2724:
2711:
2691:
2680:
2667:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2582:. Retrieved
2573:
2563:
2535:
2528:
2517:
2507:
2472:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:the original
2442:
2433:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2341:
2337:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2247:
2223:cite journal
2198:
2194:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:the original
2164:
2155:
2114:
2110:
2087:, retrieved
2065:
2055:
2032:Win-win game
1947:
1931:
1916:
1907:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1864:
1852:Please help
1847:verification
1844:
1826:Consequences
1820:narcissistic
1808:Karen Horney
1803:
1801:
1792:
1769:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1705:
1701:championship
1654:
1619:
1610:
1595:Please help
1583:
1543:Soviet Union
1520:
1496:
1476:
1461:
1452:
1437:Please help
1425:
1398:
1377:
1362:
1353:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1310:
1298:Please help
1293:verification
1290:
1263:
1253:
1248:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1187:
1178:
1163:Please help
1151:
1120:
1041:
1002:
962:Roman Empire
940:accountable
927:
916:
875:Competition
874:
863:building in
824:
808:
806:
763:
755:
750:
747:
711:Alfred Sloan
706:
700:
695:
691:
681:
667:
660:
656:
644:
638:
633:
631:
623:
611:
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540:
519:scholarships
516:
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495:
492:econometrics
489:
485:interactions
465:philosophers
462:
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438:
428:
421:
414:
407:
395:
383:Please help
378:verification
375:
352:
349:
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342:
335:
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311:
301:
294:
287:
280:
268:
256:Please help
251:verification
248:
208:unless they
202:
178:
171:
144:Sociologists
132:anthropology
121:
110:
78:
57:
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4053:Competition
3951:(5): 7–13.
3868:. Methuen.
3663:Sergiu Hart
3637:Description
3587:and review
3585:Description
3553:Description
3545:Jean Tirole
3502:Description
3455:Description
3429:Description
3353:Description
3257:Description
3077:R.J. Aumann
2248:Competition
1992:Cooperation
1655:While some
1531:nationality
1523:governments
1483:democracies
1082:formation,
1076:oligopolies
999:Game theory
993:Game theory
942:governments
338:sweepstakes
117:game theory
113:cooperation
81:environment
74:recognition
58:Competition
4047:Categories
4032:2 February
3970:2015-05-28
3842:2014-03-16
3803:2014-03-16
3770:2014-03-16
3530:and v. 3,
3500:, 4th ed.
3246:Noam Nisan
3232:Noam Nisan
2738:2011-12-06
2584:2022-09-11
2555:1007073234
2453:2013-08-02
2175:2022-09-11
2089:2022-09-11
2048:References
1954:recreation
1934:adaptation
1880:newspapers
1816:self-worth
1724:individual
1712:gymnastics
1681:basketball
1326:newspapers
1252:'s study,
1245:Philosophy
1133:Literature
1060:bargaining
1017:psychology
819:See also:
815:Interstate
657:substitute
627:price wars
583:efficiency
569:Adam Smith
531:Alfie Kohn
411:newspapers
284:newspapers
150:study the
124:psychology
3798:0261-3077
3788:. Books.
3733:3 January
3583:, Wiley.
3575:1851–1895
3403:Abstract.
3394:Abstract.
3390:Faruk Gul
3331:ch. 45–66
3220:Abstract.
3085:Abstract.
2831:154441911
2823:0889-938X
2777:1083-4346
2698:Abstract.
2671:Compare:
2659:144893872
2651:1040-0419
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2491:0014-1844
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2267:840307667
2215:143530850
2147:255292057
2131:0022-1309
1938:evolution
1663:(such as
1584:does not
1555:communism
1426:does not
1265:Karl Marx
1152:does not
1072:duopolies
1066:pricing,
1009:economics
958:they fail
913:producer.
869:antitrust
784:or other
782:subsidies
766:countries
761:bidders.
723:Chevrolet
719:divisions
684:financing
607:oligopoly
579:resources
553:Economics
507:Education
189:territory
134:. Social
128:sociology
51:athletics
3823:(1982).
3751:(2014).
3698:Archived
3680:; 2002.
3676:; 1994.
3641:Archived
3603:Archived
3547:(1988).
3513:(1990).
3485:30032349
3459:contents
3406:Archived
3317:Abstract
3260:Archived
3223:Archived
3214:Abstract
3204:Archived
3201:Abstract
3176:Abstract
3016:p.
2963:Archived
2891:Archived
2781:Archived
2701:Archived
2578:Archived
2574:BBC News
2475:: 1–20.
2425:27599461
2368:20106856
2316:25351604
2292:: 5233.
2139:36579926
2042:Zero-sum
1961:See also
1812:neurosis
1786:or even
1784:industry
1748:football
1547:Cold War
1535:military
1479:politics
1407:Politics
1056:auctions
1048:modeling
907:licenses
896:monopoly
831:business
772:or of a
688:Investor
672:consumer
649:products
634:process.
603:monopoly
585:. Later
565:business
193:sunlight
156:cultural
91:usually
4008:8138889
3599:extract
3589:extract
3528:ch. 3–6
3463:preview
3433:preview
3357:preview
3187:• From
3124:2555656
3067:of the
2865:1727409
2416:5013533
2395:Bibcode
2359:2936204
2294:Bibcode
2022:Sharing
1894:scholar
1780:country
1744:cricket
1728:archery
1665:fishing
1605:removed
1590:sources
1559:warfare
1545:in the
1527:country
1525:. Each
1512:funding
1500:funding
1447:removed
1432:sources
1340:scholar
1173:removed
1158:sources
1029:biology
778:tariffs
727:Pontiac
425:scholar
298:scholar
206:die out
174:ecology
152:history
62:rivalry
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3706:INSEAD
3672:1992.
3665:, ed.
3565:423–59
3557:vii–ix
3532:ch. 43
3526:v. 1,
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3445:, and
3419:167–88
3341:206–42
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3022:vii–xi
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3682:v. 3.
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