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Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro

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192: 155: 396:, which culminated the Aquino Administration's effort to end the deadlock in the peace process. This new document, while merely providing for a general framework for the actual peace negotiations, announced that "the status quo is unacceptable and that the Bangsamoro shall be established to replace the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The Bangsamoro was the new autonomous political entity (NPE) referred to in the Decision Points of Principles as of April 2012." According to President 36: 181: 144: 1065: 166: 243:
Power sharing was a central point to the autonomy redesign. The ARMM charter had only listed 14 areas which were outside the powers of the regional legislature. Under the comprehensive peace agreement, the parties listed 81 powers categorized into reserved for the central government, exclusive to the
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The agreement involved two tracks - the normalization track and the political track. Under the normalization track, the MILF would turn over their firearms to a third party, which would be selected by the rebels and the Philippine government. The MILF agreed to decommission its armed wing, the
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The government aims to set up the region by 2016. The agreement calls for Muslim self-rule in parts of the southern Philippines in exchange for a deactivation of rebel forces by the MILF. MILF forces would turn over their firearms to a third party to be selected by the MILF and the Philippine
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since 1997. After 2009, the negotiations were also supported by an International Contact Group (the ICG). The ICG represented an innovation in peace process support, in that it was a hybrid body composed of both states and international non-governmental organisations (INGOs). The members were
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government. A regional police force would be established, and the Philippine military would reduce the presence of troops and help disband private armies in the area. In the Agreement, the government committed to change a 37-year autonomy experiment whose current version, the
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and Four annexes, namely on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities, Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, Power Sharing and Normalization, together with the Addendum on Bangsamoro Waters, will be included in the comprehensive agreement.
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brokered an agreement that led to the signing of the Tripoli Agreement introducing the concept of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao. On August 1, 1989, under the mandate of the new 1987 Constitution,
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Instead of bringing the Muslim leaders together, this agreement further fragmented the MNLF, because some factions within the group preferred independence over autonomy. Thus, a group of officers led by
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Bangsamoro, and concurrent with or shared by the two sides for power sharing. Of the 81 powers, 58 were devolved to the Bangsamoro, nine were reserved to the central government, and 14 were shared. The
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in extensive armed collisions, peaking in the early 70s when the rebels’ blitz-like operations brought them control of a substantial number of municipalities surrounding
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Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF). Under the Political track, the government would work towards the creation of a new politidal entity known as the
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On January 24, 2014, Philippine government chief negotiator Miriam Coronel Ferer and MILF chief negotiator Mohagher Iqbal signed a peace agreement in
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The Armed Forces of the Philippines raised red alert status on March 24 in preparation for the event. Philippine President
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Administration, which tried to reach out to both the communist and Muslim rebels through peaceful means. There were many
2264: 2259: 2179: 2137: 1785: 1317: 1172: 405: 359: 930:"Speech of President Aquino during the signing of the GPH-MILF Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, October 15, 2012" 2340: 2274: 1669: 1157: 312: 596: 549: 2228: 1820: 1709: 1277: 1039: 882: 460:. When the Asia Foundation became an official member of the Third Party Monitoring Team in 2012, the Community of 2167: 1808: 1714: 1430: 1425: 319:(ARMM). However, out of the 13 provinces and 9 cities that participated in the plebiscite, only the provinces of 1224: 725: 479:(ARMM), has failed to live up to the Moro people's aspiration for freedom from a highly centralized government. 350:
Though the combined strength of these two rebel forces has not reached a point of posing any real threat to the
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regime to beef up military presence by deploying almost three-fourths of the army in most Muslim parts of
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On October 15, 2012, the Philippine government signed a much-hyped document touted as the
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opted to become part of the ARMM. The ARMM was formally established on November 6, 1990.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror – Zachary Abuza – Google Books
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were among the key people expected to be present at the signing of the agreement.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20120909040310/http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/moro.cfm
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2014 Philippine peace agreement with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
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have tried to completely end these two rebellions, utilizing both
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Areas in red constitute the proposed Bangsamoro political entity
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Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
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enacted Republic Act 6734 authorizing the creation of the
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from Italy replaced the Asia Foundation in the ICG.
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Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
526:"Comelec: Bangsamoro Organic Law 'deemed ratified'" 212:) was the final peace agreement signed between the 174: 137: 119: 104: 85: 89:Part of a series of peace agreements between the 1298:Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (2014) 376:efforts to reach peace with Islamist separatists 1168:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 519: 517: 2241:2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro 543: 541: 539: 1670: 1047: 8: 1283:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (2012) 302:. Things took a different turn in 1976 when 68: 294:and its airport complex. This prompted the 2235:2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro 1844: 1763: 1677: 1663: 1655: 1499: 1492: 1054: 1040: 1032: 936:. Gov.ph. October 15, 2012. Archived from 74: 67: 1416:Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College 570:"Power-sharing central to Moro self-rule" 419:The peace talks between the MILF and the 69:Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro 2011:Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines 1017:. 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(February 2021). 404:replacing ARMM which was described by 170:Tunku Dato Abdul Ghafar Tunku Mohammad 394:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro 388:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro 246:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro 206:Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro 18:Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro 7: 2301:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 1328:2022 Maguindanao division plebiscite 1268:1977 Southern Philippines plebiscite 1136:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 477:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 317:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 238:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 1815:Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters 1258:Moro insurgency in the Philippines 1141:ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly 806:"Fast Facts on the ARMM Elections" 278:Moro insurgency in the Philippines 25: 2198:Mindanao State University bombing 1487:Cultural Properties in Bangsamoro 621:Romero, Alexis (March 25, 2014). 595:Rodel, Jose (February 12, 2014). 2387:Presidency of Benigno Aquino III 1146:Bangsamoro Transition Commission 1063: 524:Ranada, Pia (January 25, 2019). 450:Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue 190: 179: 164: 153: 142: 34: 1193:Bangsamoro Transition Authority 264:, and Malaysian Prime Minister 2270:Eastern Sabah Security Command 1774:Moro National Liberation Front 1248:Moro National Liberation Front 1: 2321:Cross border attacks in Sabah 2285:Joint Peace and Security Team 2280:International Monitoring Team 2192:Datu Paglas market occupation 1780:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 1333:Maguindanao leadership crises 1253:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 1153:International Monitoring Team 728:. Mnlfnet.com. Archived from 345:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 218:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 214:Government of the Philippines 197:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 95:Moro Islamic Liberation Front 91:Government of the Philippines 2311:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region 2265:AFP Eastern Mindanao Command 2260:AFP Western Mindanao Command 1848:Pro-autonomy or independence 1786:MNLF Executive Council of 15 1767:Pro-autonomy or independence 697:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. 2372:Treaties of the Philippines 2275:Eastern Sabah Security Zone 1158:Bangsamoro Juridical Entity 236:, to take the place of the 2403: 2229:1996 Final Peace Agreement 2017:Basilan beheading incident 1821:Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao 1308:2019 Bangsamoro plebiscite 648:"Muslim Rulers and Rebels" 411:as "a failed experiment". 385: 343:broke away and formed the 275: 97:seeking resolution to the 2150:Central Mindanao bombings 1809:Ansar Khalifa Philippines 1431:Mindanao State University 1426:Cotabato State University 574:Philippine Daily Inquirer 500:Philippine Daily Inquirer 220:on March 27, 2014 at the 73: 43:This article needs to be 2367:Bangsamoro peace process 1263:Tripoli Agreement (1976) 1243:Bangsamoro peace process 1078:Administrative divisions 108:March 27, 2014 2362:2014 in the Philippines 2180:Jolo Cathedral bombings 2138:Zamboanga City bombings 1999:Battle of Camp Abubakar 1120:Special Geographic Area 691:Abuza, Zachary (2003). 286:, the MNLF engaged the 2306:Bangsamoro Organic Law 2217:1976 Tripoli Agreement 2126:Dos Palmas kidnappings 1374:Rio Grande de Mindanao 1313:Bangsamoro Organic Law 1208:Parliamentary District 1178:Deputy Chief Ministers 1011:"Bangkok Post article" 650:. Publishing.cdlib.org 458:Conciliation Resources 415:Reaching the agreement 2144:SuperFerry 14 bombing 2035:Zamboanga City crisis 1932:Hamsiraji Marusi Sali 1920:Jainal Antel Sali Jr. 1461:Notre Dame University 1421:Basilan State College 1338:2024 measles outbreak 1288:Zamboanga City crisis 1278:Jakarta Accord (1996) 1100:Maguindanao del Norte 423:had been brokered by 421:Philippine government 149:Miriam Coronel-Ferrer 2336:Proclamation No. 216 2253:and peace monitoring 2168:Bukidnon bus bombing 2162:Maguindanao massacre 2108:Ozamiz Ferry Bombing 2083:Ungkaya Pukan clash 1983:Pata Island massacre 1273:Jeddah Accord (1987) 1220:Regional Darul Ifta' 889:on September 9, 2012 2316:Bangsamoro Republik 2114:Sipadan kidnappings 2093:Incidents involving 2059:Battle of Tipo-Tipo 2041:Operation Darkhorse 2029:Lahad Datu standoff 1293:Bangsamoro Republik 1163:Bangsamoro Republik 1105:Maguindanao del Sur 940:on December 7, 2018 841:on October 15, 2013 783:The LawPhil Project 759:on October 28, 2012 753:"1987 Constitution" 627:The Philippine Star 601:The Philippine Star 446:The Asia Foundation 382:Framework Agreement 262:Hadji Murad Ibrahim 70: 2223:1987 Jeddah Accord 2174:Davao City bombing 2120:Rizal Day bombings 1890:Khadaffy Janjalani 1750:Palimbang massacre 1466:Sulu State College 1215:Council of Leaders 1188:Bangsamoro Cabinet 409:Benigno Aquino III 254:Benigno Aquino III 2349: 2348: 2156:Mindanao bombings 2102:Lahad Datu ambush 2047:Battle of Basilan 2023:Cotabato conflict 2005:Misuari rebellion 1953: 1952: 1896:Ameril Umbra Kato 1836: 1835: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1618: 1617: 1400:Bangsamoro Police 1323:COVID-19 pandemic 1318:Transition period 966:. 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Asia Society 661: 639: 613: 587: 558: 535: 513: 486: 484: 481: 438:United Kingdom 416: 413: 386:Main article: 383: 380: 341:Hashim Salamat 273: 270: 200: 199: 176: 172: 171: 160:Mohagher Iqbal 139: 135: 134: 121: 117: 116: 106: 102: 101: 87: 83: 82: 79: 62: 61: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2399: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2249: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2209:Peace process 2206: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186:Jolo bombings 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2071:Bohol clashes 2069: 2066: 2065:Butig clashes 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1989:Ipil massacre 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902:Albader Parad 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1867:Murad Ebrahim 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Moro conflict 1680: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1095:Lanao del Sur 1093: 1091: 1090:Cotabato City 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1016: 1012: 1006: 1003: 987: 981: 978: 965: 961: 955: 952: 939: 935: 931: 925: 922: 917: 904: 888: 884: 878: 875: 862: 856: 853: 840: 836: 835:Unterm.un.org 832: 826: 823: 811: 807: 801: 798: 784: 780: 774: 771: 758: 754: 748: 745: 731: 727: 721: 718: 706: 704:9781588262370 700: 696: 695: 687: 684: 671: 665: 662: 649: 643: 640: 628: 624: 617: 614: 602: 598: 591: 588: 575: 571: 565: 563: 559: 551: 544: 542: 540: 536: 531: 527: 520: 518: 514: 501: 497: 491: 488: 482: 480: 478: 472: 470: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 426: 422: 414: 412: 410: 407: 403: 399: 395: 389: 381: 379: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 321:Lanao del Sur 318: 314: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 292:Cotabato City 289: 285: 279: 271: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 247: 241: 239: 235: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 198: 187: 182: 177: 173: 167: 161: 150: 145: 140: 136: 133: 129: 125: 122: 118: 107: 103: 100: 99:Moro conflict 96: 92: 88: 84: 77: 72: 66: 58: 55:February 2023 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 2240: 1926:Ahmed Santos 1863:(MNLF EC-15) 1788:(MNLF EC-15) 1760:Rebel groups 1705:Gun cultures 1585:Maguindanaon 1496:demographics 1297: 1021:February 27, 1019:. Retrieved 1015:Bangkok Post 1014: 1005: 995:February 27, 993:. Retrieved 980: 970:February 27, 968:. Retrieved 963: 954: 944:February 27, 942:. Retrieved 938:the original 933: 924: 912:|title= 891:. Retrieved 887:the original 877: 867:February 27, 865:. Retrieved 855: 845:February 27, 843:. Retrieved 839:the original 825: 815:February 27, 813:. Retrieved 810:ABS-CBN News 809: 800: 789:February 27, 787:. Retrieved 782: 773: 761:. Retrieved 757:the original 747: 736:February 27, 734:. Retrieved 730:the original 720: 710:February 27, 708:. Retrieved 693: 686: 676:February 27, 674:. Retrieved 664: 654:February 27, 652:. Retrieved 642: 632:February 27, 630:. Retrieved 626: 616: 606:February 27, 604:. Retrieved 600: 590: 580:February 27, 578:. Retrieved 573: 529: 506:February 27, 504:. Retrieved 499: 490: 473: 469:Kuala Lumpur 466: 454:Muhammadiyah 434:Saudi Arabia 418: 391: 349: 337: 281: 251: 242: 230: 209: 205: 203: 65: 52: 44: 2331:Moro people 2128:(2000–2001) 2013:(2002–2015) 1855:Nur Misuari 1827:Maute group 1542:Sama-Badjao 1532:Maguindanao 779:"R.A. 6734" 325:Maguindanao 266:Najib Razak 186:Philippines 138:Signatories 132:Philippines 2356:Categories 1938:Omar Maute 1908:Abu Sabaya 1803:Abu Sayyaf 1700:Drug abuse 1435:MSU Marawi 1359:Lake Lanao 1354:Illana Bay 1198:Parliament 1070:Bangsamoro 483:References 462:San’Egidio 402:Bangsamoro 360:presidents 352:government 284:Bangsamoro 276:See also: 272:Background 234:Bangsamoro 112:2014-03-27 2095:civilians 1958:Incidents 1877:Islamists 1796:Islamists 1575:Chavacano 1568:Languages 1409:Education 1369:Moro Gulf 1347:Geography 1115:Tawi-Tawi 991:. C-r.org 893:March 27, 863:. Fas.org 763:March 27, 406:President 368:diplomacy 333:Tawi-Tawi 2341:Refugees 1997:and the 1861:Mus Sema 1444:MSU Sulu 1384:Sulu Sea 1129:Politics 964:GMA News 903:cite web 425:Malaysia 313:Congress 300:Mindanao 216:and the 120:Location 93:and the 1841:Leaders 1710:Poverty 1693:Prelude 1623:Symbols 1605:Tiruray 1590:Maranao 1559:Visayan 1537:Maranao 1515:Tinuray 1503:Peoples 1480:Culture 1236:History 1203:Speaker 1085:Basilan 530:Rappler 306:leader 175:Parties 110: ( 86:Context 45:updated 2243:(MILF) 2237:(MILF) 2231:(MNLF) 2225:(MNLF) 2219:(MNLF) 2200:(2023) 2194:(2021) 2188:(2020) 2182:(2019) 2176:(2016) 2170:(2014) 2164:(2009) 2158:(2009) 2152:(2006) 2146:(2004) 2140:(2002) 2134:(2001) 2122:(2000) 2116:(2000) 2110:(2000) 2104:(1985) 2085:(2022) 2079:(2017) 2073:(2017) 2067:(2016) 2061:(2016) 2055:(2015) 2049:(2014) 2043:(2014) 2037:(2013) 2031:(2013) 2025:(2008) 2019:(2007) 2007:(2001) 2001:(2000) 1991:(1995) 1985:(1981) 1979:(1977) 1973:(1974) 1967:(1862) 1898:(BIFF) 1869:(MILF) 1857:(MNLF) 1817:(BIFF) 1782:(MILF) 1776:(MNLF) 1752:(1974) 1746:(1971) 1740:(1971) 1734:(1968) 1727:Piracy 1715:Racism 1630:Emblem 1600:Tausug 1580:Iranun 1547:TausĹ«g 1527:Iranun 1072:topics 701:  456:, and 448:, the 440:, and 436:, the 430:Turkey 398:Aquino 356:Manila 331:, and 304:Libyan 296:Marcos 260:chair 226:Manila 128:Manila 105:Signed 2326:Ilaga 1934:(ASG) 1928:(RSM) 1922:(ASG) 1916:(ASG) 1910:(ASG) 1904:(ASG) 1892:(ASG) 1886:(ASG) 1823:(KIM) 1811:(AKP) 1805:(ASG) 1610:Yakan 1552:Yakan 1510:Lumad 1449:LNCAT 1225:Wa'lÄ« 989:(PDF) 553:(PDF) 442:Japan 372:Ramos 364:force 1946:(MG) 1940:(MG) 1829:(MG) 1720:Rido 1640:Hymn 1635:Flag 1595:Sama 1522:Moro 1454:TCTO 1110:Sulu 1023:2015 997:2015 972:2015 946:2015 916:help 895:2014 869:2015 847:2015 817:2015 791:2015 765:2014 738:2015 712:2015 699:ISBN 678:2015 656:2015 634:2015 608:2015 582:2015 508:2015 366:and 329:Sulu 258:MILF 204:The 354:in 224:in 210:CAB 2358:: 1013:. 962:. 932:. 907:: 905:}} 901:{{ 833:. 808:. 781:. 625:. 599:. 572:. 561:^ 538:^ 528:. 516:^ 498:. 452:, 444:, 432:, 378:. 327:, 323:, 256:, 130:, 126:, 1678:e 1671:t 1664:v 1055:e 1048:t 1041:v 1025:. 999:. 974:. 948:. 918:) 914:( 897:. 871:. 849:. 819:. 795:, 793:. 767:. 742:, 740:. 714:. 680:. 658:. 636:. 610:. 584:. 532:. 510:. 208:( 114:) 57:) 53:( 20:)

Index

Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro

Government of the Philippines
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Moro conflict
Malacañan Palace
Manila
Philippines
Philippines
Miriam Coronel-Ferrer
Mohagher Iqbal
Malaysia
Philippines
Philippines
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Government of the Philippines
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Malacañang Palace
Manila
Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
Benigno Aquino III
MILF
Hadji Murad Ibrahim
Najib Razak
Moro insurgency in the Philippines
Bangsamoro
government forces
Cotabato City

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