1276:
1053:
418:
393:
98:
84:
726:
Chamberlain. His official residence was in
Carpentras. He had no authority over Avignon, however, which was administered by a Cardinal Legate or a Vice-Legate, also appointed directly by the Pope. Gradually, however, the power of the Vice-Legate encroached on that of the Rector, until the Cardinal virtually held the position of a governor, and the Rector had the functions of a judge. In both cases their tenure was for a period of three years, renewable.
379:
136:
127:
736:
The administration of the Comtat was in the hands of the
Estates of the Comtat, which consisted of the Ălu (a nobleman), the Bishop of Carpentras, the Bishop of Cavaillon, the Bishop of Vaison, and eighteen representatives of the three judicial districts into which the Comtat was divided. The Estates
729:
The Rector had the right to receive the feudal oaths of homage of all the papal vassals. He also had the right to receive the oaths of bishops who held property by virtue of their office which was in feudal tenure from the pope. The Rector named the
Notaries of the Comtat. He presided at the
725:
From 1294 to 1791 the chief administrator of the Comtat
Venaissin was the Rector, who was appointed directly by the Pope. Most of the incumbents were in fact prelates, either Archbishops or Bishops, and the Rector therefore had the right to wear a purple garb, similar to that of an Apostolic
730:
negotiation and payment of revenues of the
Apostolic Chamber. His court was the Supreme Court of the Comtat Venaissin, and he had both criminal and civil jurisdiction of the first instance, and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of the regular judges of the three judicial circuits.
740:
The
Apostolic Camera (Treasury of the Holy Roman Church) had a permanent office in Carpentras, with full jurisdiction in all financial matters concerning the rights of the Holy See in the Comtat. This included the obligations of bishops and other ecclesiastical persons to the papacy.
669:
Successive French rulers sought to annex the region to France. It was invaded by French troops in 1663, 1668 and 1768â1774 during disputes between the Crown and the Church. It was also subjected to trade and customs restrictions during the reigns of
1586:
1041:
1576:
1546:
1019:
733:
The Rector was seconded by a Vice-Rector, named the
Lieutenant of the Rector, also a papal appointee. He had judicial powers similar to those of the Rector.
1034:
1551:
1541:
97:
1275:
1027:
988:
934:
794:
1441:
685:, under pressure from French revolutionaries, was held and the inhabitants voted for annexation by France. The process was facilitated by
1556:
621:
480:
900:
Histoire du gouvernement des
Recteurs pontificaux dans le Comtat-Venaissin: D'aprĂšs les notes recueillies par Charles Cottier
640:
were joined together to form a unified papal enclave geographically, though retaining their separate political identities.
83:
648:
567:
571:
103:
583:
235:
1175:
1155:
579:
563:
842:
Notes sur la chronologie des vice-légats d'Avignon au XVIe siÚcle: extrait des Mémoires de l'Académie de
Vaucluse
1502:
1581:
686:
1446:
1571:
647:, making life in the Comtat considerably more attractive than under the French Crown. It became a haven for
625:
545:
1566:
1431:
1300:
698:
411:
312:
1466:
1451:
1190:
1130:
707:
175:
89:
1255:
1205:
1185:
1100:
1057:
671:
332:
298:
1436:
1295:
1075:
915:
675:
633:
599:
384:
283:
1561:
1125:
1061:
1052:
984:
956:
930:
790:
659:
575:
493:
212:
209:
193:
784:
1265:
1200:
663:
644:
458:
50:
722:
Under the Counts of
Toulouse, the chief officer of the Comtat Venaissin was the Seneschal.
1481:
1145:
453:
179:
36:
1012:
Histoire de la révolution d'Avignon et du Comté-Venaissin, en 1789 & années suivantes
1456:
1170:
1150:
1085:
909:
535:
398:
64:
1535:
1210:
1110:
911:
Histoire des protestants de Provence, comtat Venaissin et de la principauté d'Orange
750:
606:
517:
474:
146:
135:
1320:
1225:
1010:
999:
978:
967:
945:
924:
898:
840:
830:
651:, who received better treatment under papal rule than in the rest of France. The
1375:
1370:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1325:
1140:
1115:
595:
350:
222:
126:
1410:
1250:
947:
Histoire des réunions temporaires d'Avignon et du Comtat Venaissin à la France
714:
for the southern half. The papacy did not recognise this formally until 1814.
682:
652:
614:
529:
317:
263:
164:
1517:
1504:
958:
Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des Gaules et de la France
1461:
1335:
1330:
1215:
1180:
1080:
655:
206:
203:
1415:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1260:
1245:
1220:
1195:
1120:
1105:
694:
610:
591:
507:
159:
1365:
1305:
1290:
1235:
1165:
1160:
1135:
711:
636:, Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence, in 1348, whereupon the two
620:
587:
523:
511:
497:
489:
278:
149:
835:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus. Paris: Coignard. pp. 841â850.
1385:
1340:
1310:
1240:
1230:
1090:
436:
658:, built in the 14th century, is the oldest in France, and until the
643:
The enclave's inhabitants did not pay taxes and were not subject to
1476:
1471:
1405:
1395:
1345:
1315:
1095:
690:
619:
183:
929:. Published for the Littman Library by Oxford University Press.
1023:
961:(in French). Vol. Tome II. Amsterdam: Desaint et Saillant.
832:
Gallia christiana, in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa
681:
Papal control continued until 1791, when an unauthorized
42:
827:
A list of the Legates and Vice-Legates can be found in:
786:
Clement VI: The Pontificate and Ideas of an Avignon Pope
609:
in 1274. The region was named after its former capital,
972:(in French). Vedene: Comptoir Général du Livre Occitan.
554:, although this no longer has any political meaning.
594:
on his death in 1271. Since this happened during an
1424:
1283:
1068:
1004:(in French). Carpentras: Imprimerie de D.G. Quenin.
432:
346:
329:
309:
295:
275:
259:
249:
232:
218:
199:
189:
171:
155:
142:
23:
1001:Mémoire statistique sur le département de Vaucluse
980:Les juifs du Pape: Avignon et le Comtat Venaissin
789:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47â50.
548:. The region is still known informally as the
1587:States and territories disestablished in 1791
1035:
8:
549:
539:
527:
515:
501:
478:
467:
28:
983:(in French). Paris: Editions Albin Michel.
773:. New York, Fordham University Press, 1967.
465:; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the
56:
1547:States and territories established in 1274
1042:
1028:
1020:
544:also bordered (and mostly surrounded) the
134:
125:
20:
969:Le Comtat Venaissin pontifical: 1229-1791
496:, comprising the area around the city of
16:Enclave of the Papal States within France
966:Mouliérac-Lamoureux, Rose Leone (1977).
526:located to the north around the town of
762:
914:(in French). Paris: Grassart. p.
477:from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the
1577:History of Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
452:
328:
308:
294:
274:
258:
248:
231:
227:
7:
903:(in French). Carpentras: Devillario.
839:Roger Vallentin Du Cheylard (1890).
562:In 1096, the Comtat was part of the
58:Pagus Vendascinus/Venuxini Comitatus
737:held their meetings at Carpentras.
613:, which was replaced as capital by
632:Avignon was sold to the papacy by
104:Coat of arms of the Avignon Papacy
14:
998:SĂ©guin de Pazzis, Maxime (1808).
950:(in French). Paris: Calmann LĂ©vy.
1552:History of Catholicism in France
1542:1791 disestablishments in Europe
1274:
1051:
1015:(in French). Paris: Seguin aßné.
416:
391:
377:
120:("For the Pope, for the nation")
96:
82:
829:Denis de Sainte-Marthe (1715).
624:Map showing the Comtat and the
1:
955:Expilly, Jean-Joseph (1764).
568:Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
473:for short, was a part of the
572:William Bertrand of Provence
284:Joanna, Countess of Provence
1425:Foreign territories in 1789
1284:Minor provinces and regions
845:(in French). Seguin frĂšres.
584:Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
485:region of Southern France.
1603:
1557:Former provinces of France
1009:Soullier, Charles (1844).
944:Charpenne, Pierre (1886).
926:The carriĂšre of Carpentras
923:Calmann, Marianne (1984).
664:Provençal Jewish tradition
602:to protect Joan's rights.
580:Joan, Countess of Toulouse
500:(itself always a separate
481:Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
251:âą Acquired by papacy
117:Per lo Papa, per la nacion
1272:
540:
528:
516:
479:
356:
342:
228:
133:
124:
112:
78:
73:
883:Expilly, p. 92 column 2.
874:SĂ©guin de Pazzis, p. 32.
856:SĂ©guin de Pazzis, p. 19.
818:Expilly, p. 92 column 1.
687:Pierre-Antoine Antonelle
662:preserved a distinctive
90:Flag of the Papal States
977:Moulinas, René (1992).
908:Arnaud, EugĂšne (1884).
771:The Albigensian Crusade
564:Margraviate of Provence
261:âą Capital moved to
629:
626:Principality of Orange
566:that was inherited by
550:
546:Principality of Orange
506:) roughly between the
502:
468:
462:
454:[kÉÌtavÉnÉsÉÌ]
57:
43:
29:
1442:Menton and Roquebrune
897:André, J. F. (1847).
702:was created based on
693:. A few years later,
623:
574:. These lands in the
450:French pronunciation:
412:French First Republic
311:âą Reversed into
172:Common languages
1191:Lorraine and Barrois
1058:Historical provinces
605:The Comtat became a
1514: /
1069:General governments
865:Expilly, pp. 91â92.
783:Diana Wood (2002).
582:, and her husband,
333:Treaty of Tolentino
305:1663, 1668, 1768â74
769:Madaule, Jacques.
710:and a part of the
708:exclave of Valréas
630:
600:Holy Roman Emperor
488:The region was an
463:lo Comtat Venaicin
385:County of Toulouse
1497:
1496:
990:978-2-226-05866-9
936:978-0-19-710037-0
796:978-0-521-89411-1
660:French Revolution
576:Holy Roman Empire
494:Kingdom of France
442:
441:
428:
427:
424:
423:
404:
403:
325:14 September 1791
238:Count of Poitiers
213:absolute monarchy
194:Roman Catholicism
1594:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:44.083°N 5.000°E
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1489:Comtat Venaissin
1485:
1278:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1016:
1005:
994:
973:
962:
951:
940:
919:
904:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
854:
848:
846:
836:
825:
819:
816:
810:
807:
801:
800:
780:
774:
767:
704:Comtat Venaissin
689:, then mayor of
645:military service
553:
551:Comtat Venaissin
543:
542:
533:
532:
521:
520:
505:
484:
483:
471:
456:
451:
446:Comtat Venaissin
420:
419:
408:
407:
395:
394:
381:
380:
374:
373:
358:
357:
234:âą Death of
138:
129:
100:
86:
68:
60:
54:
46:
40:
32:
30:Comtat Venaissin
25:Comtat Venaissin
21:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1582:Former exclaves
1532:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1479:
1420:
1279:
1270:
1064:
1050:
1048:
1008:
997:
991:
976:
965:
954:
943:
937:
922:
907:
896:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
855:
851:
838:
828:
826:
822:
817:
813:
809:Expilly, p. 91.
808:
804:
797:
782:
781:
777:
768:
764:
759:
747:
720:
607:Papal territory
598:, there was no
560:
449:
417:
392:
378:
335:
324:
320:
315:
302:
290:
286:
282:
270:
266:
262:
252:
244:
240:
237:
182:
178:
163:
119:
108:
107:
106:
101:
93:
92:
87:
69:
62:
55:
48:
44:Comtat Venessin
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Avignon Papacy
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1006:
995:
989:
974:
963:
952:
941:
935:
920:
905:
892:
889:
886:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
820:
811:
802:
795:
775:
761:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
746:
743:
719:
718:Administration
716:
706:including the
559:
556:
536:Pope John XXII
522:, and a small
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
414:
405:
402:
401:
399:Avignon Papacy
396:
388:
387:
382:
370:
369:
364:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
330:
327:
326:
321:
310:
307:
306:
303:
296:
293:
292:
287:
281:purchased from
276:
273:
272:
267:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
246:
245:21 August 1271
241:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
219:Historical era
216:
215:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
173:
169:
168:
157:
153:
152:
144:
140:
139:
131:
130:
122:
121:
110:
109:
102:
95:
94:
88:
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
71:
70:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1599:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1523:44.083; 5.000
1490:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1266:Trois-ĂvĂȘchĂ©s
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:Lower Navarre
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Ăle-de-France
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1156:Franche-Comté
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
986:
982:
981:
975:
971:
970:
964:
960:
959:
953:
949:
948:
942:
938:
932:
928:
927:
921:
917:
913:
912:
906:
902:
901:
895:
894:
890:
880:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
843:
834:
833:
824:
821:
815:
812:
806:
803:
798:
792:
788:
787:
779:
776:
772:
766:
763:
756:
752:
749:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
723:
717:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
667:
665:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
627:
622:
618:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
557:
555:
552:
547:
537:
534:purchased by
531:
525:
519:
513:
509:
504:
499:
495:
491:
486:
482:
476:
472:
470:
464:
460:
455:
447:
438:
435:
433:Today part of
431:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
400:
397:
390:
389:
386:
383:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
322:
319:
314:
304:
300:
288:
285:
280:
268:
265:
254:
242:
239:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
123:
118:
115:
111:
105:
99:
91:
85:
77:
72:
66:
59:
52:
45:
38:
31:
22:
19:
1567:Papal States
1499:
1488:
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979:
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899:
891:Bibliography
879:
870:
861:
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823:
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751:Papal States
739:
735:
732:
728:
724:
721:
703:
697:
680:
668:
642:
637:
631:
604:
578:belonged to
561:
518:Mont Ventoux
487:
475:Papal States
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445:
443:
367:Succeeded by
366:
361:
116:
114:Motto:
113:
18:
1521: /
1480: [
1467:Sarrewerden
1447:Montbéliard
1116:Bourbonnais
699:département
649:French Jews
596:interregnum
586:. Alphonse
492:within the
362:Preceded by
351:Roman scudo
301:occupation
223:Middle Ages
167:(1320â1791)
162:(1274-1320)
1536:Categories
1411:Vermandois
1301:Beaujolais
1251:Roussillon
757:References
683:plebiscite
653:Carpentras
615:Carpentras
590:it to the
588:bequeathed
318:plebiscite
264:Carpentras
207:theocratic
200:Government
165:Carpentras
1462:Salm-Salm
1336:Couserans
1331:Comminges
1321:Cambrésis
1256:Saintonge
1226:Orléanais
1216:Nivernais
1181:Languedoc
1131:Champagne
1081:Angoumois
672:Louis XIV
656:synagogue
617:in 1320.
236:Alphonse,
190:Religion
176:Provençal
74:1274â1791
1562:Vaucluse
1452:Mulhouse
1432:Créhange
1416:Vivarais
1401:Valromey
1391:Rouergue
1381:Ponthieu
1376:PĂ©rigord
1371:NĂ©bouzan
1356:GĂ©vaudan
1351:GĂątinais
1326:CĂ©vennes
1296:Armagnac
1261:Touraine
1246:Provence
1221:Normandy
1196:Lyonnais
1186:Limousin
1146:Flanders
1141:Dauphiné
1126:Burgundy
1121:Brittany
1101:Auvergne
745:See also
695:Vaucluse
676:Louis XV
634:Joanna I
611:Venasque
592:Holy See
347:Currency
210:elective
160:Venasque
1366:Labourd
1306:Bigorre
1291:Agenais
1236:Picardy
1171:Hainaut
1166:Guyenne
1161:Gascony
1136:Corsica
712:Luberon
638:comtats
628:in 1547
558:History
530:Valréas
524:exclave
512:Durance
498:Avignon
490:enclave
459:Occitan
331:âą
297:âą
279:Avignon
277:âą
156:Capital
150:enclave
51:Occitan
1506:44°5âČN
1386:Quercy
1341:Dombes
1311:Bresse
1241:Poitou
1231:Perche
1206:Marche
1091:Artois
1076:Alsace
1062:France
987:
933:
837:, and
793:
541:Comtat
538:. The
510:, the
503:comtat
469:Comtat
437:France
323:
313:France
299:French
289:
269:
243:
204:Feudal
180:French
143:Status
61:
47:
37:French
33:
1509:5°0âČE
1484:]
1477:Tende
1472:Savoy
1406:Velay
1396:Soule
1346:Forez
1316:Bugey
1201:Maine
1111:Berry
1106:BĂ©arn
1096:Aunis
1086:Anjou
691:Arles
570:from
508:RhĂŽne
184:Latin
147:Papal
65:Latin
1457:Nice
1437:Dabo
1151:Foix
985:ISBN
931:ISBN
791:ISBN
674:and
514:and
444:The
338:1797
291:1348
271:1320
255:1274
1361:Gex
1060:of
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316:by
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