45:
552:
reduced the pusher gradient on the east slope by 7.2 miles (11.6 km), 2.4 miles (3.9 km) less than specified. However, it retained the substantial investment in the bridges at
Mountain, Surprise, and Stoney creeks. The tunnel was completed 11 months ahead of schedule and below budget. One calculation of costs listed tunneling $ 4.91M, tunnel track $ 0.16M, approaches $ 0.86M, and ventilation $ 0.11M, totaling $ 6.04M, less the salvage value of the abandoned line $ 1.67M. Extending the concrete lining during 1919–1925 added a further $ 2.60M. The $ 8.64M total is in line with a different calculation of $ 8.45M. In all, the route was shortened by 4.3 miles (6.9 km).
268:
548:. The western side involved penetrating thick mud, extremely hard rock, and finally softer rock. The highest point of the Selkirks track was just inside the western portal. Three steam shovels were based on the west side and one on the east. Death and injury were not uncommon. Mirroring the advance across the pass in the 1880s, concern for the health and safety of workers was not a priority. Beating world monthly tunneling records, the pioneer headings met in December 1915, and the main bores in July 1916.
657:
Beavermouth moved the connection point to Rogers. After the 1988 opening of the Mount
Macdonald Tunnel, westbound traffic primarily used that lower gradient route, with Connaught handling eastbound. During the pusher station's existence, six engineers, six maintenance workers, and nine locomotives were based at Rogers. Five-engine units were used on heavy trains carrying grain, coal, and potash. Four-engine units were used on other freights.
506:
561:
275:
638:
The first commercial train was
December 1916, which traveled via Loop Spur, since the pass line remained in use until a few days later. The most northern part of the Loops between the two hillsides, which had been a long trestle, but likely infilled around 1906, needed to be breached by the new line.
543:
Operating three shifts daily, a pioneer tunnel advanced from each end, from which cross cuts were made to the main tunnel so work could carry on at a number of headings simultaneously. Compressed air equipment, blasting, steam shovels, and narrow-gauge cars were used. At 23 feet (7.0 m) high and
568:
In 1919, 30 drums of gasoline and kerosene, used by the concrete mixers engaged in the lining operation, ignited. A tunnel watchman, who rushed some distance to the nearest telephone to alert
Connaught station at the eastern portal, did not survive. His warning saved the westbound transcontinental,
366:
emerged in 1929. In 1912, the average of eight trains (peaking at 11) per day in each direction was forecast to double over the next four years. The program to double-track much of the route through the mountains could create a bottleneck at Rogers Pass. Following the 1906–1908 recession, by 1912,
459:
F.F. Busteed, general superintendent of the
Pacific Division, proposed a 5.17-mile (8.32 km) tunnel, which would have shortened the line by 3 miles (4.8 km), reducing the pusher gradient by 10.8 miles (17.4 km) on the east slope and 6.2 miles (10.0 km) on the west one. John G.
551:
The unacceptably high cost projection scrapped the electrification plan. Instead, ventilation fans were installed. East of the tunnel, the plan for double-tracking to Six-Mile Creek was amended to a level 2.8-mile (4.5 km) single track connecting with the existing line at Stoney Creek. This
447:
Three schemes were considered. In 1912, Thomas
Kilpatrick, superintendent of the Mountain Subdivision, suggested a 7-mile (11 km) tunnel, which would have shortened the line by 4.4 miles (7.1 km), reducing the pusher gradient by 13.8 miles (22.2 km) on the east slope and 6.9 miles
604:
In 1977, soon after departing the
Glacier siding (Mile 85.9), a westbound loaded 109-car coal train lost control, and broadcast a warning that they were travelling too fast to make the curves at Illecillewaet. On hearing the radio message, a 60-car eastbound freight accelerated to safely reach
475:
The specified alignment would lower the track summit from 4,342 feet (1,323 m) to 3,794 feet (1,156 m), shorten the line by 4.4 miles (7.1 km), reduce the pusher gradient by 9.6 miles (15.4 km) on the east slope and 5.9 miles (9.5 km) on the west one, and eliminate the
656:
Pusher units cut into westbound freight trains at
Beavermouth, before disconnecting at Stoney Creek. On occasions, when pushers worked through to Glacier, crew were required to wear respirators, owing to the tunnel fumes. The tunnel blocked radio communication. The 1974 realignment west of
629:
was being vented. The incident occurred when the train lost momentum on the steeper grade and stopped with the cars on the bridge. However, restarting on the curve caused the heavier cars at the front and rear of the train to lift the lighter middle cars from the track.
739:
When partway through the project, rock drillers J. A. McIlwee and Sons encountered an unexpected predominance of crumbly slate, FW&S dismissed the subcontractor, rather than negotiate a contract variance. After several appeals, including a hearing of the
540:. The eastern portal one, housing 200, had only rail access. Both comprised a police post, small hospital, general store, offices, apartments, bunkhouses, kitchen, dining hall, and lounge, with electric lighting and plumbing for water and sanitation.
535:
The primary construction camp was near the western portal, a secondary one was near the eastern portal, and a minor one was at Bear Creek. The western portal one, housing 300, was approached either from Loop Spur or the government road from
586:
The 1931 flood sent 2,000 replacement ties through the tunnel and filled the west portal cutting to a 20-foot (6.1 m) depth with 10,000 to 12,000 cubic yards (7,600 to 9,200 m) of mud and debris, which took five days to dig out.
576:
To deal with crumbling rock in the roof, the concrete tunnel lining was extended from 7,837 feet (2,389 m) to 26,512 feet (8,081 m). Prior to the 1925 completion of the project, falling rock killed or injured several workers.
367:
passenger and freight volumes surpassed records. Whereas passenger train length could increase, freight could not, because of weight capacity limits. Furthermore, the former had priority, causing siding waits for the latter.
1645:
609:, and the following 22 cars, were destroyed on derailing at Mile 94.4. The impact shifted a bridge from its footings and damaged a snow shed. The crew sustained minor injuries. The line remained closed for a week.
448:(11.1 km) on the west one. This alignment would have eliminated the bridges at Mountain, Surprise, and Stoney creeks, but was rejected owing to perceived construction deadlines, and a route beneath the
460:
Sullivan, chief engineer, recommended a 5.3-mile (8.5 km) tunnel, similar to, but more expensive than, the
Busteed one. All proposals eliminated the Loops on the west slope of the
747:
W.J. Hackman (1928–1953) was the first child born in the tunnel. The birth occurred on the westbound CP No. 2. Passenger train. The next birth appears to have occurred in 1939.
351:
Traffic restrictions imposed by a single track comprising 46 miles (74 km) of 2.2 percent gradients, emerging competition, and snow-related costs, were negative factors. The
355:, and other avalanches on the pass, influenced but did not unduly pressure CP to consider alternatives; however, snow clearing and maintaining snow sheds was an ongoing burden.
290:
267:
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619:
in 1993 to accommodate double-stack container cars with future electrification. This first 24/7 work project undertaken by CP was a significant engineering challenge.
472:
The stated advantages were three-fold. Primarily, the tunnel lowered the grade; secondly, it shortened the distance; and thirdly, it bypassed an avalanche-prone zone.
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31:
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was not a viable contender. Estimates indicated that a tunnel would be cheaper than snow sheds and operational costs for double-tracking the summit.
398:, which bypassed all North American rail routes, offered some compensation in that grain traffic destined for Europe could travel westward by rail.
44:
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1909:….when Canadian Pacific train No. 2 emerged from the Connaught tunnel….it was learned that Mrs. H. Hackmen ….of Vernon….had given birth to a baby.
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476:
Stoney, Surprise, and
Mountain creek bridges. The tunnel grade would be 0.95% westward. At the west portal, the route required a diversion of the
1864:
744:, the courts awarded McIlwee about $ 576,000 for breach of contract. At the time, this was the largest single judgement obtained in a BC court.
1268:
480:
for about 1 mile (1.6 km). Let out to tender in April 1913, the bids received were unacceptably high. It was immediately retendered as a
362:
per train, trains over 1,016 tons had to be cut. Higher capacity locomotives had helped, but the next leap forward would not occur until the
1246:
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Illecillewaet siding (Mile 98.1), before three crew members stepped clear of their train. The runaway's three lead locomotives, 45 cars, a
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2012:
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In 2015, six cars of a westbound freight derailed on Stoney Creek Bridge. The train had diverted to the eastbound route because the
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In 1929, two train crew died when their locomotive fell into the ravine when a girder collapsed on the Surprise Creek Bridge.
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Work crews attempt to right one of four locomotives in a coal train that was derailed by a rock slide near Rogers Pass….
319:
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The three basic options within the Selkirks were to use the Big Bend, double-track the summit, or dig a tunnel. The
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1930:…. Mrs. L.W. Wiedenman….gave birth to a healthy baby girl on a CPR train….steaming through the…Connaught Tunnel.
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374:(GTP) posed a threat to CP's grain and Asian trade. Using a single locomotive, GTP could haul 2,041 tons from
1204:"Tracks, Tunnels and Trestles: An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway"
782:
407:
1995:
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722:(1875) 7.64 km (4.75 mi) as the longest railway tunnel in North America until displaced by the
418:
existed until the 694-foot (212 m) Palliser Tunnel (1906). In 1909, the Spiral Tunnels replaced the
705:
687:
779:
and its associated grade reductions are other significant features in the mountain history of the CPR.
681:
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545:
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shows the summit route details. Only the crest and eastern slope of the tunnel route is underground.
212:
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410:, eliminated the need for pushers. In 1887, after a 500-foot (150 m) tunnel collapsed near
386:, four times the weight CP could haul across the mountains on its main line. The opening of the
1203:
2008:
1964:
1686:
327:
179:
135:
1958:
690:(Mont Cenis) (1871) 13.64 km (8.48 mi), extended (1881) 13.7 km (8.5 mi)
436:
307:
295:
2024:
2003:(second ed.). National and Provincial Parks Association of Canada in cooperation with
1751:
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601:
In 1972 and 1976, the tunnel fans and housing sustained extensive damage on catching fire.
675:
383:
323:
2025:"Rogers Pass a History of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Trans-Canada Highway crossing"
733:, the governor general, the Selkirk Tunnel was renamed the Connaught Tunnel weeks later.
612:
In 1985, a nearby rock slide derailed one of the four locomotives hauling a coal train.
594:
down the center (replacing the double tracks) provided sufficient clearance for tri-deck
669:
650:
247:
162:
2039:
1980:"A History of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Glacier National Park, B.C., 1884–1930"
1633:….a CP Rail train derailed in the Rogers Pass.... Eight rail cars jumped the tracks….
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719:
699:
2004:
485:
449:
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1979:
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then at the station, from proceeding into the tunnel. Nine workers escaped on a
359:
219:
580:
In 1928, a locomotive boiler explosion killed three crew members near Glacier.
560:
768:
736:
In 2001, the tunnel was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame.
649:, trains switched to the left-hand track before entering the tunnel. In 1950,
1949:
The C.P.R.'s capacity and investment strategy in Rogers Pass, B.C., 1882–1916
106:
93:
391:
1835:
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came in the 1920s. To improve visibility on the 1929 introduction of the
595:
488:. After negotiations with the lowest bidder, the contract was awarded to
419:
375:
573:
from the east portal, and one watchman staggered from the west portal.
570:
513:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
456:, vulnerable to leakage. The deadline and route fears proved suspect.
394:, the premier destination, prompted greater alarm. The opening of the
559:
1963:. Calgary, Alberta: British Railway Modellers of North America.
406:
In 1902, the 7-mile (11 km) Ottertail Diversion, west from
499:
653:
was installed. In 1954, diesel locomotives became standard.
318:
segment. The 5.022-mile (8.082 km) tunnel carries the
1960:
Canadian Pacific in the Selkirks: 100 Years in Rogers Pass
622:
In 1997, eight cars of a train derailed in the vicinity.
1565:
1563:
544:
29 feet (8.8 m) wide, the tunnel would accommodate
615:
The tunnel was deepened to clearances matched with the
30:
For the Connaught tunnel in East London, England, see
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414:, the temporary realignment around a bluff of the
665:When opened, the tunnel ranked eighth in length:
334:(CP) in 1916, replaced the previous routing over
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1345:
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402:Prior significant improvements in the mountains
8:
37:
32:Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway
1883:"Death Certificate (William James HACKMAN)"
726:(1928) 10.0 km (6.2 mi) in 1928.
36:
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763:(which in 1909 eliminated the dangerous
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2066:1916 establishments in British Columbia
1952:(MScB). University of British Columbia.
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742:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
590:Approved in 1958, the following year a
556:Repairs, modifications, and emergencies
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729:Officially opened in July 1916 by the
49:Eastern portal, Connaught Tunnel, 1916
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7:
1770:"Prince George Citizen, 12 Jun 1980"
1550:"Connaught Tunnel Flood, 5 Sep 1931"
1520:"Prince George Citizen, 19 Jul 1928"
718:However, it took the title from the
672:(1906) 19.80 km (12.30 mi)
2051:Railway tunnels in British Columbia
1225:"New Westminster News, 14 Jan 1914"
684:(1913) 14.61 km (9.08 mi)
678:(1882) 15.00 km (9.32 mi)
18:Connaught Tunnel (British Columbia)
1126:"New Westminster News, 3 Nov 1913"
1079:"John Godfrey Sullivan, 1863-1938"
714:(1916) 8.08 km (5.02 mi)
708:(1909) 8.37 km (5.20 mi)
27:Tunnel in British Columbia, Canada
25:
1818:"The Daily Colonist, 12 Aug 1916"
1502:"The Daily Colonist, 16 Nov 1924"
1491:"The Daily Colonist, 14 May 1921"
1480:"The Daily Colonist, 27 Nov 1919"
1450:"The Daily Colonist, 25 Apr 1919"
1180:"The Daily Colonist, 17 May 1914"
696:(1884) 10.6 km (6.6 mi)
2046:Canadian Pacific Railway tunnels
1202:Longworth, Heather Anne (2009).
731:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
702:(1910) 8.6 km (5.3 mi)
504:
273:
266:
43:
1685:. Sonio Nis Press. p. 31.
358:Rarely assigning more than one
2061:Glacier National Park (Canada)
203:
1:
1901:"Calgary Herald, 24 Jul 1928"
1752:"History of Connaught Tunnel"
1664:"History of Connaught Tunnel"
1604:"Calgary Herald, 16 Oct 1985"
1586:"Runaway on the Mountain Sub"
1417:"Canadian Rail, Jul–Aug 1992"
390:(CNoR) via the Yellowhead to
1922:"Calgary Herald, 9 Feb 1939"
1625:"Vancouver Sun, 29 Mar 1997"
330:. The tunnel, opened by the
320:Canadian Pacific Kansas City
1186:. 1914. p. supplement.
2082:
1987:www.parkscanadahistory.com
1978:Finch, David A.A. (1987).
1800:"Mail Herald, 22 Jul 1916"
1731:"Canadian Rail, June 1973"
1681:Turner, Robert D. (1987).
1247:"Mail Herald, 23 Jan 1915"
1236:"Mail Herald, 31 Jan 1914"
651:multiple aspect signalling
643:Automatic block signalling
353:1910 Rogers Pass avalanche
29:
2056:Tunnels completed in 1916
1946:Backler, Gary G. (1981).
1646:"Golden Star, 8 Jul 2016"
607:remote control locomotive
492:(FW&S) in July 1913.
486:bonus and penalty clauses
388:Canadian Northern Railway
347:Summit route deficiencies
258:3,794 feet (1,160 m)
198:5.02 miles (8.08 km)
175:Primarily freight service
42:
1994:Woods, John G. (1985) .
1865:"Daily News, 7 Nov 1917"
1774:www.pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca
1683:West of the Great Divide
1524:www.pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca
490:Foley, Welch and Stewart
332:Canadian Pacific Railway
178:Some passenger service (
1887:www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca
1351:"CP's Connaught Tunnel"
783:Royal eponyms in Canada
322:(CPKC) main line under
777:Mount Macdonald Tunnel
694:Arlberg Railway Tunnel
627:Mount Macdonald Tunnel
617:Mount Macdonald Tunnel
565:
1989:. Environment Canada.
1650:www.thegoldenstar.net
706:Tauern Railway Tunnel
563:
1740:. pp. 176, 180.
1357:. 29 September 2014.
1269:"Ledge, 15 Jun 1916"
1258:"Ledge, 29 Apr 1915"
291:class=notpageimage|
107:51.3014°N 117.4764°W
2029:cdnrail.railfan.net
1957:Booth, Jan (1985).
1508:. 1924. p. 13.
1406:, pp. 402–403.
1213:. pp. 122–123.
1211:www.bestlibrary.org
1169:, pp. 343–345.
1145:, pp. 340–341.
1098:, pp. 324–325.
1068:, pp. 317–318.
1032:, pp. 302–306.
1020:, pp. 294–300.
1008:, pp. 289–292.
996:, pp. 223–230.
984:, pp. 222–223.
972:, pp. 221–222.
960:, pp. 212–213.
840:, pp. 116–118.
816:, pp. 210–212.
647:Selkirk locomotives
596:automobile carriers
530:Rogers Pass article
478:Illecillewaet River
468:Proposal and tender
454:Illecillewaet River
416:Kicking Horse River
372:Grand Trunk Pacific
370:The opening of the
364:Selkirk locomotives
306:is in southeastern
103: /
39:
1926:www.newspapers.com
1905:www.newspapers.com
1869:www.library.ubc.ca
1858:www.library.ubc.ca
1854:"Week, 8 Jul 1916"
1840:www.casostation.ca
1836:"Connaught Tunnel"
1824:. 1916. p. 9.
1629:www.newspapers.com
1608:www.newspapers.com
1497:. 1921. p. 1.
1486:. 1919. p. 9.
1456:. 1919. p. 3.
1280:"Week, 1 Jul 1916"
758:Kicking Horse Pass
688:Fréjus Rail Tunnel
566:
482:cost-plus contract
112:51.3014; -117.4764
682:Lötschberg Tunnel
526:
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360:pusher locomotive
328:Selkirk Mountains
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255:Highest elevation
180:Rocky Mountaineer
136:Selkirk Mountains
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1123:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:
904:
896:
892:
884:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
791:
753:
676:Gotthard Tunnel
663:
636:
558:
522:
509:
505:
498:
470:
445:
433:
428:
404:
384:Yellowhead Pass
349:
344:
324:Mount Macdonald
300:
299:
298:
293:
287:
286:
285:
284:
278:
246:
242:
235:
231:
228:
226:
225:4 ft
224:
185:
111:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
92:
90:
89:
88:
73:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2013:
1991:
1975:
1969:
1954:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1928:. p. 12.
1913:
1907:. p. 12.
1892:
1874:
1845:
1827:
1809:
1791:
1789:, p. 328.
1779:
1761:
1743:
1722:
1720:, p. 401.
1710:
1708:, p. 400.
1698:
1691:
1673:
1655:
1652:. 8 July 2016.
1637:
1631:. p. 15.
1616:
1610:. p. 75.
1595:
1590:www.okthepk.ca
1574:
1572:, p. 403.
1559:
1541:
1529:
1511:
1471:
1469:, p. 402.
1459:
1441:
1439:, p. 399.
1429:
1426:. p. 131.
1408:
1396:
1394:, p. 385.
1384:
1382:, p. 383.
1372:
1370:, p. 379.
1360:
1355:www.okthepk.ca
1337:
1335:, p. 376.
1325:
1323:, p. 375.
1313:
1311:, p. 371.
1301:
1299:, p. 364.
1289:
1216:
1189:
1171:
1159:
1157:, p. 339.
1147:
1135:
1112:
1110:, p. 329.
1100:
1088:
1070:
1058:
1056:, p. 310.
1046:
1044:, p. 309.
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
950:
948:, p. 212.
938:
936:, p. 211.
926:
924:, p. 210.
914:
912:, p. 194.
902:
900:, p. 185.
890:
888:, p. 241.
878:
876:, p. 237.
866:
864:, p. 176.
854:
852:, p. 121.
842:
830:
828:, p. 111.
818:
806:
804:, p. 112.
793:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
780:
761:Spiral Tunnels
752:
749:
716:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
670:Simplon Tunnel
662:
659:
635:
632:
557:
554:
524:
523:
512:
510:
503:
497:
494:
469:
466:
444:
441:
437:Big Bend route
432:
429:
427:
424:
403:
400:
348:
345:
343:
340:
289:
288:
280:
279:
272:
271:
265:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
248:standard gauge
222:
216:
215:
210:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
184:
183:
176:
172:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
86:
80:
79:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2078:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:0-920570-08-9
2010:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1970:0-919487-15-7
1966:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1776:. p. 37.
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1692:0-919203-51-5
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1539:, p. 21.
1538:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1083:www.mhs.mb.ca
1080:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
990:
987:
983:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
954:
951:
947:
942:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
918:
915:
911:
906:
903:
899:
894:
891:
887:
882:
879:
875:
870:
867:
863:
858:
855:
851:
846:
843:
839:
834:
831:
827:
822:
819:
815:
810:
807:
803:
798:
795:
788:
784:
781:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
754:
750:
748:
745:
743:
737:
734:
732:
727:
725:
724:Moffat Tunnel
721:
720:Hoosac Tunnel
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:Ricken Tunnel
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
666:
660:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
631:
628:
623:
620:
618:
613:
610:
608:
602:
599:
597:
593:
588:
584:
581:
578:
574:
572:
562:
555:
553:
549:
547:
546:double tracks
541:
539:
538:Glacier House
533:
531:
520:
519:MediaWiki.org
516:
511:
502:
501:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
467:
465:
463:
457:
455:
451:
442:
440:
438:
430:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Prince Rupert
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
356:
354:
346:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
292:
269:
257:
253:
249:
243:1,435 mm
223:
221:
217:
214:
211:
209:
201:
197:
193:
188:
181:
177:
174:
173:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
116:
87:
85:
81:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
33:
19:
2028:
2005:Parks Canada
1996:
1986:
1959:
1948:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1871:. p. 2.
1868:
1860:. p. 5.
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1787:Backler 1981
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1725:
1718:Backler 1981
1713:
1706:Backler 1981
1701:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1570:Backler 1981
1553:
1544:
1532:
1526:. p. 6.
1523:
1514:
1505:
1494:
1483:
1474:
1467:Backler 1981
1462:
1453:
1444:
1437:Backler 1981
1432:
1423:
1411:
1404:Backler 1981
1399:
1392:Backler 1981
1387:
1380:Backler 1981
1375:
1368:Backler 1981
1363:
1354:
1333:Backler 1981
1328:
1321:Backler 1981
1316:
1309:Backler 1981
1304:
1297:Backler 1981
1292:
1286:. p. 6.
1283:
1275:. p. 1.
1272:
1264:. p. 1.
1261:
1253:. p. 1.
1250:
1242:. p. 1.
1239:
1231:. p. 3.
1228:
1219:
1210:
1183:
1174:
1167:Backler 1981
1162:
1155:Backler 1981
1150:
1143:Backler 1981
1138:
1132:. p. 7.
1129:
1108:Backler 1981
1103:
1096:Backler 1981
1091:
1082:
1073:
1066:Backler 1981
1061:
1054:Backler 1981
1049:
1042:Backler 1981
1037:
1030:Backler 1981
1025:
1018:Backler 1981
1013:
1006:Backler 1981
1001:
994:Backler 1981
989:
982:Backler 1981
977:
970:Backler 1981
965:
958:Backler 1981
953:
946:Backler 1981
941:
934:Backler 1981
929:
922:Backler 1981
917:
910:Backler 1981
905:
898:Backler 1981
893:
886:Backler 1981
881:
874:Backler 1981
869:
862:Backler 1981
857:
850:Backler 1981
845:
838:Backler 1981
833:
826:Backler 1981
821:
814:Backler 1981
809:
802:Backler 1981
797:
746:
738:
735:
728:
717:
711:
664:
655:
641:
637:
624:
621:
614:
611:
603:
600:
592:single track
589:
585:
582:
579:
575:
567:
550:
542:
534:
527:
496:Construction
474:
471:
458:
446:
434:
426:Alternatives
405:
396:Panama Canal
369:
357:
350:
303:
301:
294:Location in
773:Rogers Pass
515:Phabricator
336:Rogers Pass
220:Track gauge
140:Rogers Pass
110: /
98:117°28′35″W
84:Coordinates
75:Rogers Pass
2040:Categories
1940:References
1804:www.ubc.ca
1537:Finch 1987
1284:www.ubc.ca
1273:www.ubc.ca
1262:www.ubc.ca
1251:www.ubc.ca
1240:www.ubc.ca
1229:www.ubc.ca
1130:www.ubc.ca
775:, and the
769:Field Hill
661:Notability
462:pass route
450:headwaters
312:Revelstoke
95:51°18′05″N
789:Footnotes
634:Operation
392:Vancouver
310:, on the
190:Technical
169:Character
146:Operation
1997:Snow War
765:Big Hill
751:See also
420:Big Hill
412:Palliser
376:Edmonton
239: in
138:, below
70:Location
55:Overview
1085:. 1981.
571:handcar
517:and on
484:, with
452:of the
443:Tunnels
342:History
326:in the
234:⁄
163:Railway
159:Traffic
132:Crosses
2011:
1967:
1689:
431:Routes
382:, via
316:Donald
213:Single
208:tracks
195:Length
151:Opened
127:Active
124:Status
2001:(PDF)
1983:(PDF)
1734:(PDF)
1420:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
408:Field
2009:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1687:ISBN
756:The
528:The
302:The
154:1916
64:CPKC
60:Line
767:),
422:.
378:to
206:of
204:No.
2042::
2027:.
2007:.
1985:.
1924:.
1903:.
1885:.
1867:.
1856:.
1838:.
1820:.
1802:.
1772:.
1754:.
1736:.
1666:.
1648:.
1627:.
1606:.
1588:.
1577:^
1562:^
1552:.
1522:.
1504:.
1493:.
1482:.
1452:.
1422:.
1353:.
1340:^
1282:.
1271:.
1260:.
1249:.
1238:.
1227:.
1209:.
1192:^
1182:.
1128:.
1115:^
1081:.
771:,
598:.
464:.
338:.
245:)
2031:.
2017:.
1973:.
1889:.
1842:.
1758:.
1695:.
1670:.
1592:.
1556:.
521:.
314:–
241:(
236:2
232:1
229:+
227:8
182:)
77:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
