185:– two major influences in Winthrop's studies – stand against false accusations of witchcraft, Winthrop often involved himself in witchcraft cases to ensure that the accused were not executed. His return and involvement in the trials ushered in a period of increasing skepticism towards accusations of witchcraft, and in 1669, it was Winthrop's court that established that multiple witnesses needed to bear witness to the same act of witchcraft simultaneously. This significantly stemmed the flow of accusations, and despite a minor panic during the Salem crisis later, no witches were executed in Connecticut after Katherine Harrison's release in 1670.
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using black magic to kill their daughter. Other claims of black magic from
Hartford were more peculiar: one person claimed Satan caused her to speak with an accent. Another said her neighbors transformed into animals at night. Katherine Branch, servant to the Wescot family, suffered from a series of fits and other instances that Daniel Wescot described as being "beyond nature", like elevating above her bed. A minister from a neighboring village claimed Branch's afflictions were the result of her declining to join a witch coven.
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110:, after she inherited her husband's estate, worth one thousand pounds. Harrison experienced several legal problems, including the death of her livestock and the destruction of crops. Though her losses were supported by eyewitnesses, she received no compensation. In 1668, she was sued for slandering Goody Griswold.
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On
October 6, 2012, descendants of the executed petitioned the Connecticut government to posthumously pardon the victims, but the motion was not passed. In 2007, Addie Avery communicated with the British government in an attempt to acquit the convicted witches. Addie Avery was the descendant of Mary
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During the 1650s, several people were tried for witchcraft through the
Connecticut area. In Wethersfield, Joan and John Carrington were executed in 1651. They were prominent members of the Wethersfield community before being accused of witchcraft. Wethersfield was also the home of Mary Johnson, the
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to people. She was also accused of calling to the devil by the swamp. On May 11, 1669 she was moved to the local jail to await her trial. Harrison's trial faced many complications: the first jury never reached a decision, and the second found her guilty, but the magistrates disagreed as most of the
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In the 1640s, the town of
Hartford saw a surge in witch hysteria. A series of accusations were made among the townsfolk. The first accusation was by Anne Cole, who accused Rebecca Greensmith and Elizabeth Seager of tormenting her through magic. The parents of Elizabeth Kelly accused Goody Ayres of
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The history of witchcraft in
Connecticut is difficult to track, owing primarily to the lack of documentation from the accusations, trials, and executions. Despite this, there is enough existing evidence to gain an insight into the culture of witchcraft trials at the time. In the early days of the
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Mary
Johnson's was the first recorded confession of witchcraft. She worked as a house servant and was accused of theft in 1648. After extensive torture and interrogation, Johnson confessed to "familiarity with the devil". She also confessed to having sexual relations with "men and devils" and to
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the governor of
Massachusetts Bay; and Matthew Grant, the second town clerk of Windsor. There are no further surviving records on Young's trial or specification of the charges against her. Around the time of the trial, an influenza epidemic occurred throughout the New England area, including her
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by nearly thirty years. John M. Taylor lists a total of 37 cases, 11 of which resulted in executions. The execution of Alse Young of
Windsor in the spring of 1647 was the beginning of the witch panic in the area, which would not come to an end until 1670 with the release of Katherine Harrison.
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produced through
Windsor Community Television can be accessed through Internet Archive. Several individuals arranged memorial services for the victims of the witch trials in Windsor in June 2017. The "Memorial For Connecticut's Witch Trial Victims" marked the 370th anniversary of Alse Young's
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was the
Magistrate during the trials. As was the popular belief of the time, the magistrates of Connecticut relied on evidence of "the devil’s involvement in inflicting harm" to secure a conviction of witchcraft, but such evidence could easily be found through "battering interrogations."
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From Hartford, four people were executed for the crime of witchcraft. Nathaniel and Rebecca Greensmith, Mary Sanford, and Mary Barnes were hanged in 1662. Elizabeth Seager was accused of witchcraft, but the charges were dropped due to weak evidence.
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of Hartford, Joseph Haynes of Wethersfield, and Samuel Hooker of Farmington served on a "prosecutorial tribunal" which contradicted the traditional idea that prosecutors should remain skeptical and immune to public pressure to convict.
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evidence was spectral, which relied solely on the accuser. In May of 1670, Harrison was released from prison, and banished from the Connecticut colony; she and her family relocated to New York, as they had already planned to do.
86:, which may have influenced the accusations against her. Young was likely married or related to John Young of Windsor, and may have been eligible to inherit his property, which may have made her an even more attractive target.
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On February 6, 2017, the town of Windsor unanimously passed a resolution to symbolically clear the names of the town's two victims, Alice Young and Lydia Gilbert. A documentary about the passage of this resolution entitled
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was a former maidservant of Captain John Cullick and the widow of Wethersfield's town crier. Harrison was born in England and came to America around 1651. She became a wealthy citizen of
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Walter W. Woodward, “New England’s Other Witch-hunt: The Hartford Witch-hunt of the 1660s and Changing Patterns in Witchcraft Prosecution,” OAH Magazine of History (July 2003): 16-20
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Sanford, who was executed for "dancing around a tree while drinking liquor". Avery has also been involved in many theatrical performances about the Connecticut witch trials, like
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was the first person executed for witchcraft not only in Connecticut, but likely in the whole of the American colonies. On May 26, 1647, she was executed in
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By 1663, the witchcraft trials in Hartford were beginning to wind down, due in no small part to the return of the governor of the Connecticut colony,
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471:"1647 – Influenza, CT (~40–50) and MA (~40–50) Natives and other colonies (?) – >100 – Deadliest American Disasters and Large-Loss-of-Life Events"
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The jailor was paid ÂŁ6 10s. for twenty-four weeks' charges to June 6, 1650, from which fact it is inferred that she was executed on that date.
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Winthrop was generally regarded as "New England’s quintessential adjudicator of witchcraft cases", due not only to his status as the son of
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first open confessor of witchcraft; and Katherine Harrison. This resulted in the coining of the term "Wethersfield Witches" by historians.
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murdering a child. Her execution was delayed as she was pregnant during her imprisonment in Hartford. Johnson was executed June 6, 1650.
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voted 121 in favor and 30 against, in order to exonerate 12 people who were convicted of witchcraft in the colonial era. On May 26, the
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voted 33–1 to pardon the same group on the 376th anniversary of the first witch-hanging in New England, that of Alse Young.
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Witchcraft Trials of Connecticut: The First Comprehensive, Documented History of Witchcraft Trials in Colonial Connecticut
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Maker, Elizabeth (2007-09-03). "AROUND CONNECTICUT: HISTORY working to clear ancestors name, 300 years after execution".
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Between 1668 and 1669, Harrison was also accused of witchcraft. The accusations against her included breaking the
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The colonial history of Hartford, gathered from the original records: illustrated
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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847:"Where Was The First Woman Condemned For Witchcraft? Not In Salem..."
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Treatises on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
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694:"Witches and Witchcraft: The First Person Executed in the Colonies"
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Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology
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Riddell, William Renwick (1928). "Witchcraft in Old New York".
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870:"Delayed Justice: Windsor Atones For Its Witch Trial History"
328:"Connecticut Witch Trials (America, 1647–1697) – Witchcraft"
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Delayed Justice: Windsor Atones For Its Witch Trial History
549:"Katherine Harrison and the Adoption of Rules of Evidence"
669:"Little Known Facts About the Connecticut Witch Trials"
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Witch trials occurring in Connecticut from 1647 to 1663
913:"Connecticut 'witches' exonerated by Senate lawmakers"
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Religiously motivated violence in the United States
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1692:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
768:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
745:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
722:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
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1779:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
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644:"10 Facts About The Connecticut Witch Trials"
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764:Escaping Salem: the other Witch Hunt of 1692
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718:Escaping Salem: The other Witch hunt of 1692
930:Connecticut Witch Trial Exoneration Project
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354:(Hartford: The Bond Press Inc., 1978), 4.
272:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1575:Witch trials in the Spanish Netherlands
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1227:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
1000:Witch trials in early modern Scotland
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1079:Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661–62
1069:Great Scottish witch hunt of 1649–50
889:"Victims of Witch Trials Remembered"
212:Connecticut House of Representatives
34:, also sometimes referred to as the
1880:Witchcraft Act 1735 (Great Britain)
1598:Amersfoort and Utrecht witch trials
1739:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1337:Witch trials in Estonia and Latvia
980:Witchcraft in early modern Britain
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1034:Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1597
887:Dennis Hohenberger (2017-06-06).
1005:Witchcraft in early modern Wales
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2062:History of women in Connecticut
1570:Witch trials in the Netherlands
1261:Pappenheimer family witch trial
501:. Hartford, Conn. p. 283.
435:Wethersfield Historical Society
1723:Summis desiderantes affectibus
1516:Navarre witch trials (1525–26)
1415:Vardø witch trials (1651–1653)
405:Support, Museum (2015-08-14).
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2047:Witch trials in North America
1949:Salem witchcraft trial (1878)
1141:Northern Moravia witch trials
1045:Northamptonshire witch trials
495:DeLoss Love, William (1914).
411:Museum of Connecticut History
171:the governor of Massachusetts
1858:accusations against children
1763:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
1210:Trial of the Wizards of Lyon
1063:Bury St Edmunds witch trials
985:Channel Islands Witch Trials
874:Windsor Community Television
845:Ray Cavanaugh (2017-10-26).
332:www.witchcraftandwitches.com
2057:17th century in Connecticut
1954:Witch trials in Connecticut
1180:Aix-en-Provence possessions
32:witch trials in Connecticut
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1787:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
1634:Liechtenstein witch trials
1315:Witch trial of Fuersteneck
1175:Labourd witch-hunt of 1609
1028:North Berwick witch trials
893:Hartford Community Courant
125:, as well as appearing in
2025:Flowing Wells witch trial
1819:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
1504:Val Camonica witch trials
1484:Witch trials in Catalonia
1392:Vardø witch trials (1621)
1135:Kasina Wielka witch trial
1074:Alloa witch trials (1658)
760:Godbeer, Richard (2005).
737:Godbeer, Richard (2005).
714:Godbeer, Richard (2005).
108:Wethersfield, Connecticut
2052:Women sentenced to death
2008:Witch trials in Maryland
2002:Witch trials in Virginia
1960:Witch trials in New York
1827:The Discovery of Witches
1699:Directorium Inquisitorum
1669:Witch trials in New York
1657:Connecticut Witch Trials
1651:Witch trials in Virginia
1489:Witch trials in Portugal
1303:Mergentheim witch trials
1297:Baden-Baden witch trials
1065:(1645, 1662, 1655, 1694)
915:. BBC News. 27 May 2023.
431:"Governor Thomas Welles"
216:Connecticut State Senate
18:Connecticut Witch Trials
1924:Witch trials in America
1755:De praestigiis daemonum
1707:De maleficis mulieribus
1604:Bredevoort witch trials
1551:Witch trial of Nogaredo
1432:Kastelholm witch trials
1368:Copenhagen witch trials
1347:Witch trials in Iceland
1342:Witch trials in Finland
1332:Witch trials in Denmark
1249:Rottenburg witch trials
1243:Wiesensteig witch trial
1125:Witch trials in Hungary
1108:Islandmagee witch trial
990:Witch trials in England
1811:Compendium Maleficarum
1803:Magical Investigations
1694:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
1510:Mirandola witch trials
1494:Witch trials in Sicily
1357:Witch trials in Sweden
1352:Witch trials in Norway
1309:Esslingen witch trials
1279:Eichstätt witch trials
1237:Derenburg witch trials
1170:Witch trials in France
1130:Witch trials in Poland
475:www.usdeadlyevents.com
1870:Werewolf witch trials
1663:Maryland Witch Trials
1628:Salzburg witch trials
1545:Terrassa witch trials
1499:Witch trials in Spain
1479:Witch trials in Italy
1450:Katarina witch trials
1444:TorsĂĄker witch trials
1420:KirkjubĂłl witch trial
1397:Akershus witch trials
1285:WĂĽrzburg witch trials
1273:Ellwangen witch trial
1232:Rottweil Witch Trials
1204:Affair of the Poisons
1198:Normandy witch trials
1153:Doruchowo witch trial
210:On May 10, 2023, the
36:Hartford witch trials
2067:Connecticut folklore
1997:Sea Witch (Delaware)
1610:Roermond witch trial
1580:Stedelen witch trial
1533:Witches of LaspaĂşles
1409:Rosborg witch trials
1386:FinspĂĄng witch trial
1291:Bamberg witch trials
1192:Louviers possessions
1090:Bideford witch trial
995:Witchcraft in Orkney
973:In the British Isles
1771:Newes from Scotland
1731:Malleus Maleficarum
1592:Geneva witch trials
1586:Valais witch trials
1539:Basque witch trials
1462:Thisted witch trial
1456:RugĂĄrd witch trials
1403:Ramsele witch trial
1374:Gyldenstierne-sagen
1362:Põlula witch trials
1147:Szeged witch trials
1943:Salem witch trials
1675:Salem witch trials
1521:Lisbon witch trial
1472:In Southern Europe
1426:Vardø witch trials
1325:In Northern Europe
1267:Fulda witch trials
1255:Trier witch trials
1186:Loudun possessions
1102:Pittenweem witches
1057:Witches of Belvoir
1051:Samlesbury witches
1022:Witches of Warboys
850:The New York Times
824:The New York Times
177:, and having seen
104:Katherine Harrison
99:Katherine Harrison
47:trials, Reverends
40:Salem Witch Trials
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1644:Outside of Europe
1622:Lukh witch trials
1118:In Eastern Europe
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167:John Winthrop Jr.
161:End of the trials
16:(Redirected from
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1747:Laienspiegel
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1506:(1505, 1518)
1380:Køge Huskors
1084:Bute witches
966:Witch trials
907:
896:. Retrieved
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853:. Retrieved
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799:. 2015-03-26
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697:. Retrieved
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675:. 2016-11-29
673:History Hole
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650:. 2016-11-28
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621:Before Salem
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82:hometown of
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2010:(1654–1712)
2004:(1626–1730)
1962:(1642–1790)
1956:(1647–1663)
1945:(1692–1693)
1938:Eunice Cole
1931:New England
1715:Formicarius
1677:(1692–1693)
1671:(1642–1790)
1665:(1654–1712)
1659:(1647–1663)
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1245:(1562–1563)
1212:(1742–1745)
1206:(1679–1682)
1024:(1589–1593)
558:November 9,
207:execution.
134:Major sites
123:black magic
61:Key figures
2041:Categories
1865:Drudenhaus
1853:Witch-hunt
1561:Elsewhere
1527:Benandanti
1220:In Germany
898:2018-12-06
855:2018-11-26
803:2018-10-24
679:2018-12-13
654:2018-10-02
626:2018-09-27
553:jud.ct.gov
481:2018-09-24
440:2022-09-09
416:2022-09-09
337:2018-09-06
254:footnoting
222:References
121:and using
71:Alse Young
66:Alse Young
1987:Moll Dyer
1563:in Europe
1553:(1646–47)
1523:(1559–60)
1458:(1685–86)
1428:(1662–63)
1200:(1669–70)
1188:(1633–34)
1163:In France
1149:(1728–29)
832:848042369
648:Listverse
595:0885-4173
518:cite book
507:166621992
189:Aftermath
2018:Out West
828:ProQuest
797:Fox News
250:citation
179:John Dee
148:Hartford
75:Hartford
1846:Related
603:1134645
175:alchemy
115:Sabbath
84:Windsor
2027:(1971)
1838:(1751)
1830:(1647)
1822:(1627)
1814:(1608)
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