215:
42:
323:
died and civil war broke out. Henry claimed to be the overlord of
Brittany, on the basis that the duchy had owed loyalty to Henry I, and saw controlling the duchy both as a way of securing his other French territories and as a potential inheritance for one of his sons. Initially Henry's strategy was
368:
While local Breton nobles began to rebel against Conan IV, Henry had begun to alter his policy of indirect rule in
Brittany and started to exert more direct control. In 1164 Henry intervened to seize lands along the border of Brittany and Normandy, and in 1166 invaded Brittany to punish the local
502:
Two charters made by
Constance and her son Arthur towards 1200 mention a brother of Constance, William. As a boy, William should have inherited the duchy after Conan. According to Everard, Henry II's forcing Constance's father into abdicating in 1166 was meant to prevent any son of the duke from
369:
barons. Henry then forced Conan to abdicate as duke and to give
Brittany to his daughter Constance; Conan also betrothed Constance to Henry's son Geoffrey. This arrangement was quite unusual in terms of medieval law, as Conan might have had sons who could have legitimately inherited the duchy.
467:
Historian Judith
Everard's research into Brittany has shifted academic discussion of this period, stressing the indirect way that Henry expanded his power; earlier works had tended to describe Henry as conquering Brittany through a sequence of invasions; see, for example, John Gillingham's
331:
When
Geoffrey of Anjou died in 1158, Conan attempted to reclaim Nantes but was opposed by Henry who annexed it for himself. Louis took no action to intervene as Henry steadily increased his power in Brittany. Conan's control of Nantes had the effect of reuniting Brittany.
503:
inheriting the duchy. According to her, the fact that
Constance's brother was called William seems to indicate that he was not an illegitimate son of Conan IV, as William was the name of Margaret's brother, the King of Scots. (Everard, Judith (2000).
360:
Conan faced several revolts from his own nobles, rebellions possibly covertly supported by
England. To put down the unrest, the Duke appealed for help to Henry II, who, in return, demanded the betrothal of Constance to Henry's younger son
379:. Henry never claimed the Dukedom of Brittany. After Conan IV abdicated, Henry II held guardianship over Brittany for Conan's daughter Constance, until such time as Henry II's fourth legitimate son, Geoffrey Plantagenet, could marry her.
324:
to rule indirectly through proxies, and accordingly Henry supported Conan IV's claims over most of the duchy, partly because Conan had strong
English ties and could be easily influenced. Conan's uncle, Hoel, continued to control the
528:
Henry never formally became Duke of
Brittany as he was only holding the duchy on behalf of Geoffrey and Constance. According to the English Heritage Website history of Richmond Castle and the Earldom of Richmond, Henry
489:). This would seem to be a reference to at least one son of the marriage who did not survive infancy, leaving Constance as heiress in 1166." (Everard and Jones,
391:
as a weak ruler, unable to protect his duchy against the powerful Angevin king, although historian Eric Borgnis-Desbordes has recently qualified this opinion.
341:
160:
1722:
277:. With the death of his mother in early 1156, Conan IV expected to inherit the ducal throne. However, he was denied his inheritance by his stepfather,
995:
779:
Gillingham, John (2007b). "The Cultivation of History, Legend and Courtesy at the Court of Henry II". In Kennedy, Ruth; Meechan-Jones, Simon (eds.).
1668:
1662:
1707:
1712:
811:
790:
340:, Conan's paternal inheritance, and demanded the return of Nantes. Conan and Henry made peace, and in 1160 Conan married Henry's cousin
1179:
837:
319:
and culture. The Breton dukes held little power across most of the duchy, which was mostly controlled by local lords. In 1148, Duke
1312:
854:
186:
832:
1333:
965:
904:
349:
250:
172:
81:
1297:
293:, Hoel could not send Odo any aid. Within the year Conan IV was able to capture and imprison Odo and claim his inheritance.
278:
67:
516:
The English Heritage Website's history of Richmond Castle and the Earldom of Richmond describes the abdication as Conan's
1626:
1342:
988:
362:
1584:
1578:
1483:
1396:
1248:
1215:
1004:
1566:
1462:
1288:
1282:
1239:
883:
455:
320:
290:
270:
238:
206:
71:
1227:
1167:
477:
Margaret of Huntingdon made a donation for the souls of "herself, Duke Conan IV, and 'our boys', or 'our children' (
1717:
1572:
1468:
1381:
1233:
1221:
1082:
948:
890:
435:
274:
242:
196:
106:
372:
According to the histories that record the abdication of Conan IV, he died in 1171 sometime after his abdication.
1554:
1524:
1507:
1498:
1456:
1420:
1411:
1276:
1173:
1155:
1067:
914:
1560:
1450:
1087:
981:
1161:
315:, which neighboured his lands and had traditionally been largely independent from the rest of France, with
399:
254:
214:
1697:
282:
328:
in the east until he was deposed in 1156 by Henry's brother, Geoffrey, possibly with Henry's support.
1702:
1539:
1366:
423:
376:
281:, who refused to relinquish authority. Odo may have entered into a pact with Conan's maternal uncle,
931:
531:"kept the Honour of Richmond until it could be inherited by Geoffrey on his marriage to Constance."
333:
308:
1632:
939:
300:
from his father Alan, which made him subject to both the King of England and the King of France.
1209:
1008:
807:
786:
415:
312:
167:
728:
Constance de Bretagne (1161-1201), Une duchesse face à Richard Cœur-de-Lion et Jean san Terre
1620:
1590:
1517:
1140:
955:
921:
894:
828:
345:
337:
325:
297:
246:
234:
88:
49:
1605:
1435:
1194:
316:
1647:
1351:
1037:
388:
285:, with the goal of dividing Brittany between them. Being under threat of rebellion in
1691:
1092:
41:
1042:
801:
780:
352:. A son of Conan's named William appears to have still been alive towards 1200.
1072:
1032:
772:
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire
148:
1052:
258:
646:
The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family (1171-1221)
17:
1077:
1062:
1057:
973:
763:
The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221
181:
1047:
286:
375:
Henry II had claimed to be Overlord of Brittany, as would his son
249:
and his mother's heir as Duke of Brittany. Conan and his daughter
977:
491:
The Charters of Duchess Constance and Her Family (1171-1221)
672:
Brittany and the Angevins: province and empire, 1158-1203
659:
Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire, 1158-1203
505:
Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire, 1158-1203
311:, the Count of Anjou, attempted to obtain control of the
754:
Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158–1203
761:
Everard, Judith; Jones, Michael C. E., eds. (1999).
1655:
1646:
1613:
1604:
1547:
1538:
1491:
1482:
1443:
1434:
1404:
1395:
1374:
1365:
1320:
1311:
1269:
1262:
1202:
1193:
1148:
1139:
1112:
1105:
1022:
1015:
560:
Hallam and Everard, pp.65–66; Everard (2000), p.17.
202:
192:
180:
166:
156:
143:
135:
124:
120:
112:
102:
94:
87:
77:
63:
55:
48:
34:
800:Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith A. (2001).
691:
689:
348:. Conan and Margaret had at least one daughter,
587:Everard (2000), p.35; Gillingham (1984), p.23.
989:
218:Banner of Conan IV of the House of Penthièvre
8:
454:Conan IV's mother was the daughter of Duke
1652:
1610:
1544:
1488:
1440:
1401:
1371:
1317:
1266:
1199:
1145:
1109:
1019:
996:
982:
974:
845:
806:(2nd ed.). Harlow, England: Longman.
507:. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p 43).
31:
674:, (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 42.
253:would be the only representatives of the
661:. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p 43
632:
518:"wise surrender the duchy to Henry II."
213:
544:
447:
418:, and the second volume of the trilogy
387:Conan is usually remembered in Breton
394:Conan IV is mentioned in the tragedy
237:from 1156 to 1166. He was the son of
7:
245:. Conan IV was his father's heir as
648:, The Boydell Press, 1999, pp 93-94
396:Jean sans Terre ou la mort d'Arthur
838:National Heritage List for England
644:Judith Everard and Michael Jones,
27:Duke of Brittany from 1156 to 1166
25:
1723:Earls of Richmond (1136 creation)
493:, The Boydell Press, 1999, p 94).
229:1138 – 20 February 1171), called
782:Writers in the Reign of Henry II
713:Arthur Le Moyne de La Borderie,
40:
1674:François de Bourbon (1973–1984)
296:Conan also inherited the title
1708:12th-century dukes of Brittany
785:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
745:France in the Making, 843-1180
344:, sister of the Scottish king
173:Constance, Duchess of Brittany
1:
1713:12th-century English nobility
1113:
1023:
756:. Cambridge University Press.
569:Hallam and Everard, pp.65–66.
226:
128:
1484:War of the Breton Succession
850:Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
833:"Richmond Castle (1010627)"
336:, responded by seizing the
291:Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou
279:Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët
239:Bertha, Duchess of Brittany
207:Bertha, Duchess of Brittany
1739:
770:Huscroft, Richard (2016).
747:. Oxford University Press.
730:, (Yorann Embanner, 2019).
623:Hallam and Everard, p.161.
596:Everard (2000), pp.32, 34.
468:description of the period.
436:List of rulers of Brittany
275:Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond
197:Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond
962:
953:
945:
938:
928:
919:
911:
901:
888:
880:
875:
848:
803:Capetian France, 987–1328
717:III, (Rennes, 1894), 273.
683:Everard (2000), pp.41–42.
551:Hallam and Everard, p.65.
241:, and her first husband,
39:
774:. Yale University Press.
726:Eric Borgnis-Desbordes,
704:Everard (2000), pp.43-44
657:Everard, Judith (2000).
383:Portrayals in literature
752:Everard, J. A. (2000).
743:Dunbabin, Jean (1985).
420:Le Château des Poulfenc
273:by her first husband,
243:Alan, Earl of Richmond
219:
161:Margaret of Huntingdon
695:Everard (2000), p.42.
614:Everard (2000), p.39.
605:Everard (2000), p.38.
578:Everard (2000), p.35.
377:Richard the Lionheart
356:Unrest and abdication
304:Plantagenet ambitions
283:Hoel, Count of Nantes
269:Conan was the son of
217:
1540:Montfort of Brittany
1367:House of Plantagenet
1263:House of Cornouaille
765:. The Boydell Press.
715:Histoire de Bretagne
1313:House of Penthièvre
855:House of Penthièvre
400:Jean-François Ducis
338:Earldom of Richmond
309:Henry II of England
255:House of Penthièvre
940:Peerage of England
408:Prince of Darkness
220:
1718:Dukes of Brittany
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1642:
1641:
1600:
1599:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1514:
1506:
1478:
1477:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1391:
1390:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1341:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1189:
1188:
1135:
1134:
1106:Viking occupation
1101:
1100:
972:
971:
963:Succeeded by
929:Succeeded by
902:Succeeded by
813:978-0-582-40428-1
792:978-1-4039-6644-5
416:Sharon Kay Penman
313:Duchy of Brittany
212:
211:
16:(Redirected from
1730:
1653:
1611:
1545:
1521:
1518:John of Montfort
1512:
1504:
1489:
1441:
1417:
1402:
1397:House of Thouars
1372:
1348:
1339:
1318:
1294:
1267:
1245:
1200:
1146:
1115:
1110:
1025:
1020:
998:
991:
984:
975:
956:Earl of Richmond
946:Preceded by
912:Preceded by
891:Duke of Brittany
881:Preceded by
871:
870:20 February 1171
864:
846:
842:
829:Historic England
817:
796:
775:
766:
757:
748:
731:
724:
718:
711:
705:
702:
696:
693:
684:
681:
675:
670:Judith Everard,
668:
662:
655:
649:
642:
636:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
606:
603:
597:
594:
588:
585:
579:
576:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:
533:
526:
520:
514:
508:
500:
494:
479:pro salute anime
475:
469:
465:
459:
452:
346:William the Lion
326:county of Nantes
317:its own language
298:Earl of Richmond
247:Earl of Richmond
235:Duke of Brittany
228:
139:20 February 1171
130:
89:Earl of Richmond
50:Duke of Brittany
44:
32:
21:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1669:Louis de France
1663:Louis de France
1638:
1606:House of Valois
1596:
1530:
1511:
1474:
1426:
1387:
1357:
1303:
1254:
1195:House of Rennes
1185:
1141:House of Nantes
1131:
1097:
1011:
1002:
968:
959:
951:
934:
925:
922:Count of Nantes
917:
907:
898:
895:Count of Rennes
893:
886:
865:
859:
858:
851:
827:
824:
814:
799:
793:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
739:
734:
725:
721:
712:
708:
703:
699:
694:
687:
682:
678:
669:
665:
656:
652:
643:
639:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
600:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
573:
568:
564:
559:
555:
550:
546:
542:
537:
536:
527:
523:
515:
511:
501:
497:
476:
472:
466:
462:
453:
449:
444:
432:
424:Brigitte Coppin
404:Time and Chance
385:
358:
306:
289:, sponsored by
267:
175:
152:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1648:Courtesy title
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1436:House of Dreux
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1352:Guy of Thouars
1346:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1038:Saint Judicael
1035:
1029:
1027:
1017:
1016:Early monarchs
1013:
1012:
1003:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
970:
969:
964:
961:
952:
949:Alan the Black
947:
943:
942:
936:
935:
930:
927:
918:
913:
909:
908:
903:
900:
887:
882:
878:
877:
876:Regnal titles
873:
872:
852:
849:
844:
843:
823:
822:External links
820:
819:
818:
812:
797:
791:
776:
767:
758:
749:
738:
735:
733:
732:
719:
706:
697:
685:
676:
663:
650:
637:
635:, p. 387.
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
553:
543:
541:
538:
535:
534:
521:
509:
495:
470:
460:
446:
445:
443:
440:
439:
438:
431:
428:
389:historiography
384:
381:
357:
354:
305:
302:
271:Duchess Bertha
266:
263:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
170:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
147:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1735:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
994:
992:
987:
985:
980:
979:
976:
967:
958:
957:
950:
944:
941:
937:
933:
924:
923:
916:
910:
906:
897:
896:
892:
885:
879:
874:
869:
862:
857:
856:
847:
840:
839:
834:
830:
826:
825:
821:
815:
809:
805:
804:
798:
794:
788:
784:
783:
777:
773:
768:
764:
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
740:
736:
729:
723:
720:
716:
710:
707:
701:
698:
692:
690:
686:
680:
677:
673:
667:
664:
660:
654:
651:
647:
641:
638:
634:
633:Dunbabin 1985
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
593:
590:
584:
581:
575:
572:
566:
563:
557:
554:
548:
545:
539:
532:
525:
522:
519:
513:
510:
506:
499:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
471:
464:
461:
457:
451:
448:
441:
437:
434:
433:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:Devil's Brood
409:
405:
402:, the novels
401:
397:
392:
390:
382:
380:
378:
373:
370:
366:
364:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
303:
301:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
216:
208:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
183:
179:
174:
171:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1698:1130s births
1656:1547–present
1520:(1341–1345)
1513:disputed by
1327:
1043:Alain II Hir
954:
920:
889:
867:
860:
853:
836:
802:
781:
771:
762:
753:
744:
727:
722:
714:
709:
700:
679:
671:
666:
658:
653:
645:
640:
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
530:
524:
517:
512:
504:
498:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
463:
450:
419:
411:
407:
403:
395:
393:
386:
374:
371:
367:
359:
330:
307:
295:
268:
230:
222:
221:
29:
1703:1171 deaths
1671:(1707–1712)
1665:(1704–1705)
1635:(1536–1547)
1629:(1524–1536)
1627:Francis III
1623:(1514–1524)
1593:(1488–1514)
1587:(1458–1488)
1581:(1457–1458)
1575:(1450–1457)
1569:(1442–1450)
1563:(1399–1442)
1557:(1365–1399)
1527:(1345–1365)
1510:(1341–1364)
1501:(1341–1364)
1471:(1312–1341)
1465:(1305–1312)
1459:(1286–1305)
1453:(1221–1286)
1423:(1213–1221)
1414:(1203–1221)
1384:(1196–1203)
1354:(1199–1201)
1345:(1181–1186)
1343:Geoffrey II
1336:(1166–1201)
1330:(1156–1166)
1300:(1148–1156)
1291:(1148–1156)
1285:(1112–1148)
1279:(1072–1112)
1251:(1066–1072)
1242:(1066–1072)
1236:(1040–1066)
1230:(1008–1034)
1224:(1008–1040)
410:(2005) and
103:Predecessor
64:Predecessor
1692:Categories
1585:Francis II
1579:Arthur III
1218:(992–1008)
1216:Geoffrey I
1180:Alan (III)
1093:Gourmaëlon
960:1146–1166
915:Geoffrey I
899:1156–1166
737:References
540:References
422:(2009) by
414:(2008) by
398:(1791) by
233:, was the
187:Penthièvre
1614:1514–1547
1567:Francis I
1548:1365–1514
1492:1341–1365
1463:Arthur II
1444:1221–1341
1405:1203–1221
1375:1196–1203
1334:Constance
1321:1156–1196
1283:Conan III
1270:1072–1156
1212:(990–992)
1182:(988–990)
1176:(981–988)
1170:(960–981)
1164:(952–958)
1158:(938–952)
1125:Rognvaldr
1073:Pascweten
966:Constance
905:Constance
487:nostrorum
456:Conan III
350:Constance
321:Conan III
265:Accession
251:Constance
231:the Young
151:Monastery
116:Constance
113:Successor
98:1146–1166
82:Constance
78:Successor
59:1156–1166
1573:Peter II
1469:John III
1382:Arthur I
1328:Conan IV
1234:Conan II
1222:Alan III
1203:958–1072
1083:Judicael
1053:Wihomarc
1009:Brittany
1005:Monarchs
483:puerorum
430:See also
406:(2002),
363:Geoffrey
342:Margaret
334:Henry II
259:Brittany
257:to rule
223:Conan IV
35:Conan IV
18:Conan IV
1555:John IV
1525:John IV
1508:Charles
1457:John II
1421:Peter I
1277:Alan IV
1249:Hoël II
1210:Conan I
1174:Guerech
1156:Alan II
1149:938–958
1116:907–938
1078:Gurvand
1068:Salomon
1063:Erispoe
1058:Nominoe
1026:578–907
176:William
1621:Claude
1561:John V
1451:John I
1298:Odo II
1289:Bertha
1240:Hawise
1168:Hoël I
1122:Hroflr
1088:Alan I
1048:Morman
1033:Waroch
884:Bertha
866:
810:
789:
287:Nantes
203:Mother
193:Father
157:Spouse
149:Bégard
144:Burial
95:Tenure
72:Bertha
70:&
68:Odo II
1633:Henry
1349:later
1228:Odo I
1162:Drogo
1128:Incon
932:Henry
926:1158
868:Died:
861:Born:
442:Notes
182:House
168:Issue
56:Reign
1591:Anne
1505:with
1499:Joan
1418:with
1412:Alix
1340:with
1295:with
1246:with
863:1138
808:ISBN
787:ISBN
485:...
481:...
136:Died
131:1138
125:Born
107:Alan
1522:and
1007:of
1694::
1114:c.
1024:c.
835:.
831:.
688:^
426:.
365:.
261:.
227:c.
129:c.
997:e
990:t
983:v
841:.
816:.
795:.
458:.
225:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
