38:
1027:
392:
1105:, the striker spring in particular, coming pre-tensioned from the factory by mechanism designs that had not changed much since the 1930s. In 2019, a new mechanism, fully interchangeable with the old ones, was adopted into service. The main difference, apart from a fully environmentally stable delay, is that the springs now are twist-tensioned by the thrower after the transport safety (pin and ring) has been removed, thus eliminating the possibility of unintentional arming of the hand grenade.
339:
286:
668:
255:
882:
297:
657:, detonating when the top of the grenade hit the ground. A long cane handle (approximately 16 inches or 40 cm) allowed the user to throw the grenade farther than the blast of the explosion. It suffered from the handicap that the percussion fuse was armed before throwing, which meant that if the user was in a trench or other confined space, he was apt to detonate it and kill himself when he drew back his arm to throw it.
51:
710:
582:
1003:
988:
809:
767:
758:
1063:
drawbacks; either the primer is so sensitive that unintended and premature ignition happens, while a more stable substance often fails to set off the grenade when landing in softer ground, not seldom even allowing the targeted troops to hurl the grenade back. Thus, the only significant use of impact fuzes since WWI has been in anti-tank grenades.
702:, though Mills' own notes show the external grooves were purely to aid the soldier to grip the weapon. Improved fragmentation designs were later made with the notches on the inside, but at that time they would have been too expensive to produce. The external segmentation of the original Mills bomb was retained, as it provided a positive
516:
893:
During the Great War, handgrenades were frequently used by troops, lacking other means to defend against enemy tanks threatening to over-run the position, to various success. The
Interwar period saw some limited development of grenades specifically intended to defeat armour, but it was not until the
1034:
Practice or simulation grenades are similar in handling and function to other hand grenades, except that they only produce a loud popping noise and a puff of smoke on detonation. The grenade body can be reused. Another type is the throwing practice grenade which is completely inert and often cast in
531:
We have a new invention to annoy our friends in their pits. It consists in filling empty soda water bottles full of powder, old twisted nails and any other sharp or cutting thing we can find at the time, sticking a bit of tow in for a fuse then lighting it and throwing it quickly into our neighbors'
1453:
We read: "that the
Brahmans counselled Hal to have an elephant made of clay and to place it in the van of his army, and that when the army of the king of Kashmir drew nigh, the elephant exploded, and the flames destroyed a great portion of the invading force. Here we have not only the simple act of
1062:
was the first used, with fragile containers of Greek fire that ruptured when landing. Later impact fuzes contained some kind of sensitive explosive to either initiate the main charge directly, or set off a primer charge that in turn detonates the main charge. This turned out to present significant
1089:
with the latter being predominant since WWII. There is also an alternative technique of throwing, where the grenade is not thrown immediately after the fuze is ignited, which allows the fuze to burn partially and decrease the time to detonation after throwing; this is referred to as "cooking". A
951:
Sting grenades, also known as stingball or sting ball grenades, are stun grenades based on the design of the fragmentation grenade. Instead of using a metal casing to produce fragmentation, they are made from hard rubber and are filled with around 100 rubber or plastic balls. On detonation, these
952:
balls, and fragments from the rubber casing explode outward in all directions as reduced lethality projectiles, which may ricochet. It is intended that people struck by the projectiles will receive a series of fast, painful stings, without serious injury. Some types have an additional payload of
1044:
792:
Fragmentation grenades are common in armies. They are weapons that are designed to disperse fragments on detonation, aimed to damage targets within the lethal and injury radii. The body is generally made of a hard synthetic material or steel, which will provide some fragmentation as shards and
894:
outbreak of WWII serious efforts were made. While there were infantry anti-tank weapons available, they were either not ubiquitous enough, ineffective or both. Anti-tank grenades were a suitable stopgap to ensure a rudimentary capability for every squad to be used for self-defence. Once
739:(FMV), shgr 07 is a self-righting, jumping hand grenade containing some 1900 balls that covers a cone 10 metres in diameter with the centre about 2 metres in height. This minimize the dangers outside the lethal zone as there is little to no random scattering of fragments from the blast..
69:
597:
Around the turn of the 20th century, the ineffectiveness of the available types of hand grenades, coupled with their levels of danger to the user and difficulty of operation, meant that they were regarded as increasingly obsolete pieces of military equipment. In 1902, the
British
37:
445:
bombshells and grenades appeared in Europe in 1467, where their initial role was with the besieging and defense of castles and fortifications. A hoard of several hundred ceramic hand grenades was discovered during construction in front of a bastion of the
Bavarian city of
73:
76:
75:
71:
70:
77:
532:
pit where it bursts, to their great annoyance. You may imagine their rage at seeing a soda water bottle come tumbling into a hole full of men with a little fuse burning away as proud as a real shell exploding and burying itself into soft parts of the flesh.
959:
Sting grenades do not reliably incapacitate people, so they can be dangerous to use against armed subjects. They sometimes cause serious physical injury, especially the rubber fragments from the casing. People have lost eyes and hands to sting grenades.
793:
splinters, though in modern grenades a pre-formed fragmentation matrix is often used. The pre-formed fragmentation may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most explosive grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.
698:, England in 1915, designating it the No.5. It was described as the first "safe grenade". They were explosive-filled steel canisters with a triggering pin and a distinctive deeply notched surface. This segmentation is often erroneously thought to aid
217:
Grenades are often spherical, cylindrical, ovoid or truncated ovoid in shape, and of a size that fits the hand of an average-sized adult. Some grenades are mounted at the end of a handle and known as "stick grenades". The stick design provides
74:
1055:
When using a hand grenade, the objective is to have the grenade explode so that the target is within its effective radius while keeping the thrower out of the same. For this reason, several systems has been used to trigger the explosion.
721:, the general design of hand grenades has been fundamentally unchanged, with pin-and-lever being the predominant igniter system with the major powers, though incremental and evolutionary improvements continuously were made. In 2012,
138:
to trigger the detonator, an arming safety secured by a transport safety. The user removes the transport safety before throwing, and once the grenade leaves the hand the arming safety gets released, allowing the striker to trigger a
634:. Aasen formed the Aasenske Granatkompani in Denmark, which before the First World War produced and exported hand grenades in large numbers across Europe. He had success in marketing his weapon to the French and was appointed as a
1035:
one piece. It is used to give soldiers a feel for the weight and shape of real grenades and for practicing precision throwing. Examples of practice grenades include the K417 Biodegradable
Practice Hand Grenade by CNOTech Korea.
800:, have a wounding radius of 15 m (49 ft) â half that of older style grenades, which can still be encountered â and can be thrown about 40 m (130 ft). Fragments may travel more than 200 m (660 ft).
602:
announced that hand grenades were obsolete and had no place in modern warfare. But within two years, following the success of improvised grenades in the trench warfare conditions of the Russo-Japanese War, and reports from
820:
These grenades are usually classed as offensive weapons because the effective casualty radius is much less than the distance it can be thrown, and its explosive power works better within more confined spaces such as
664:, combatant nations only had small grenades, similar to Hales' and Aasen's design. The Italian Besozzi grenade had a five-second fuze with a match-tip that was ignited by striking on a ring on the soldier's hand.
1090:
shorter delay is useful to reduce the ability of the enemy to take cover, throw or kick the grenade away and can also be used to allow a fragmentation grenade to explode into the air over defensive positions.
450:, Germany, dated to the 17th century. Many of the grenades retained their original black powder loads and igniters. The grenades were most likely intentionally dumped in the moat of the bastion prior to 1723.
1951:
489:. These grenades were not very effective owing both to the unreliability of their fuse, as well inconsistent times to detonation, and as a result, saw little use. Grenades were also used during the
420:), and when they get there a sound like a thunder-clap is heard, and flashes of light appear. If ten of these shells are fired successfully into the enemy camp, the whole place will be set ablaze...
856:
477:
in 1688, where cricket ball-sized (8.81 to 9 in (224 to 229 mm) in circumference) iron spheres packed with gunpowder and fitted with slow-burning wicks were first used against the
2439:"Economic Explosives Limited, a subsidiary of Solar Industries India Ltd., Nagpur, has successfully established production of Multi Mode Hand Grenade as per TOT obtained from TBRL (DRDO)"
859:(ARDEC) announced in 2016 that they were developing a grenade which could operate in either fragmentation or blast mode (selected at any time before throwing), the electronically fuzed
508:
enhancing the effect of small explosive devices. In a letter to his sister, Colonel Hugh Robert
Hibbert described an improvised grenade that was employed by British troops during the
457:" began to emerge in the armies of Europe, who specialized in shock and close quarters combat, mostly with the usage of grenades and fierce melee combat. In 1643, it is possible that
210:) as fast-flying projectiles. In modern grenades, a pre-formed fragmentation matrix inside the grenade is commonly used, which may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most
2244:
630:, who invented his design in 1906 in Norway, receiving a patent for it in England. Aasen began his experiments with developing a grenade while serving as a sergeant in the
72:
1516:
1835:
1802:
2367:
1961:
1069:
grenades is the predominant system today, developed from the match-fuzes that were hand-lit in the early grenades. From there, two sub-groups were developed:
1272:
1555:
2317:
829:, where entrenched defenders often occupy. The concussion effect, rather than any expelled fragments, is the effective killer. In the case of the US
2392:
1051:
has an advertised effective kill zone radius of 5 m (16 ft), while the casualty-inducing radius is approximately 15 m (49 ft).
2515:
1198:
2296:
222:
for throwing longer distances, but at the cost of additional weight and length, and has been considered obsolete by western countries since the
901:
became available in greater numbers, anti-tank hand grenades became almost obsolete. However, they were still used with limited success in the
2214:
2096:
1715:
1624:
1396:
1366:
1322:
2112:
2342:
267:
1890:
2053:
2594:
2241:
2229:
1743:
1343:
930:
902:
2153:
2057:
1448:
On the weapons, army organisation, and political maxims of the ancient Hindus, with special reference to gunpowder and firearms
906:
1531:
1507:
1983:
1338:: Vol. 5; "Part 6: Chemistry and chemical technology; Military technology: missiles and sieges". Cambridge University Press.
1193:
615:
were built, but this type of fuze suffered from various practical problems, and they were not commissioned in large numbers.
2599:
1956:
1073:
where a cord is pulled or a cap is twisted to ignite the delay-fuze like on the German
Stielhandgranate; the other being
246:, as the bomb is reminiscent of the many-seeded fruit in size and shape. Its first use in English dates from the 1590s.
585:
One of the earliest modern hand grenades. Fielded in the
British Army from 1908, it was unsuccessful in the trenches of
498:
2004:
412:) are made of cast iron, as large as a bowl and shaped like a ball. Inside they contain half a pound of 'divine fire' (
2614:
2604:
2508:
2371:
2276:
1008:
910:
845:
1239:
837:
areas, but fragments and bits of fuze may be projected as far as 200 m (660 ft) from the detonation point.
729:(shgr 07, "Blast hand-grenade 07") was announced as the first major innovation in the area of handgrenades since the
1026:
1094:
937:
as an anti-tank weapon. It was produced in vast numbers; by August 1941 well over 6,000,000 had been manufactured.
736:
2609:
2005:"Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office > Current Intermediate Force Capabilities> Stingball Grenade"
1585:
687:
1235:
895:
886:
699:
683:
650:
230:
periods. A friction igniter inside the handle or on the top of the grenade head was used to initiate the fuse.
199:
31:
2260:
1093:
Concerned with a number of serious incidents and accidents involving hand grenades, Ian Kinley at the
Swedish
852:. Underwater explosions kill or otherwise incapacitate the target by creating a lethal shock wave underwater.
497:
used "vast numbers of powder flasks, grenade shells, and stinkpots" to defeat two pirate-hunters sent by the
1432:
482:
391:
1563:
2589:
2543:
2501:
2321:
2272:
1857:
1824:
724:
2396:
1846:
1813:
1648:
1475:
964:
280:
195:
1454:
explosion, but something very much like a fuze, to enable the explosion to occur at a particular time."
424:
Grenade-like devices were also known in ancient India. In a 12th-century
Persian historiography, the
147:(sometimes called the delay element), which burns down to the detonator and explodes the main charge.
2346:
627:
490:
486:
333:
313:
309:
219:
631:
619:
474:
338:
1479:
2563:
1114:
934:
646:
570:
548:
524:
426:
361:
187:
107:
1894:
565:
Improvised hand grenades were used to great effect by the Russian defenders of Port Arthur (now
285:
50:
1445:
Oppert, Gustav Salomon; VaiĆaáčpÄyana. NÄ«tiprakÄĆikÄ; Ćukra. ĆukranÄ«ti; Weber, Albrecht (1880).
562:, the defenders used fishing rods and a mechanical spring device to throw improvised grenades.
2584:
2472:
2438:
2210:
2204:
2092:
2088:
1739:
1711:
1630:
1620:
1597:
1487:
1392:
1386:
1362:
1356:
1339:
1318:
1131:
1098:
876:
667:
654:
612:
608:
555:
466:
435:
254:
159:
2082:
1772:
342:
An illustration of a fragmentation bomb known as the 'divine bone dissolving fire oil bomb' (
2558:
2538:
1229:
926:
635:
541:
494:
191:
127:
123:
99:
58:
2477:
2417:
2248:
1777:
1427:
1102:
1082:
776:
559:
520:
1673:
324:
at the enemy but also in stone and ceramic jars. Later, glass containers were employed.
296:
2548:
2046:
1446:
1266:
1188:
881:
676:
604:
566:
537:
385:
376:
211:
155:
140:
2160:
706:
surface. This basic "pin-and-pineapple" design is still used in some modern grenades.
504:
Improvised grenades were increasingly used from the mid-19th century, the confines of
2578:
2488:
1560:
Letters of Hibbert, Hugh Robert, 1828â1895, Colonel, ref. DHB/57 â date: 14 June 1855
1261:
1085:, or have a spring-loaded striker hit the cap after the grenade is released like the
898:
822:
642:
462:
171:
119:
2117:
2047:"Limited Effects Weapons Study: Catalog of Currently Available Weapons and Devices"
1789:
1287:
1002:
922:
841:
623:
357:
321:
290:
223:
163:
1486:(in German). 1/2018. Gesellschaft fĂŒr Historische Waffen- und KostĂŒmkunde: 65â80.
17:
1924:
1705:
622:, developed a modern hand grenade in 1906 but was unsuccessful in persuading the
2533:
1143:
1048:
968:
830:
813:
797:
709:
661:
586:
581:
509:
348:
243:
214:(AP) grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.
84:
62:(shaft hand grenade), a high explosive grenade with time fuze, Netherlands, 1946
2484:
2132:
1869:
1762:. Ballantines Illustrated History of the Violent Century. Weapons book, no. 37.
540:, the Paraguayan troops used hand grenades in their attempt to board Brazilian
2185:
1634:
1101:
variation with temperature (slows down in cold and speeds up in heat) and the
1086:
946:
844:(underwater explosives) around boats and underwater targets; some like the US
695:
691:
672:
607:, a British observer of the conflict, a reassessment was quickly made and the
599:
590:
478:
454:
447:
431:
396:
317:
301:
259:
135:
111:
1601:
1491:
1484:
SammWaffen- und KostĂŒmkunde - Zeitschrift fĂŒr Waffen- und Kleidungsgeschichte
320:, a Byzantine invention of the previous century, could not only be thrown by
2553:
1183:
1161:
808:
730:
442:
371:
151:
131:
2297:"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS"
611:
was instructed to develop a practical hand grenade. Various models using a
438:
was placed hidden in the van and exploded as the invading army approached.
416:, gunpowder). They are sent flying towards the enemy camp from an eruptor (
384:), described various gunpowder recipes in which one can find, according to
1707:
Reinventing Warfare 1914â18: Novel Munitions and Tactics of Trench Warfare
374:
into ceramic or metal containers fitted with fuses. A 1044 military book,
2242:
United States Army Field Manual 3â23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals
2230:
United States Army Field Manual 3â23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals
1928:
826:
400:
242:
is likely derived from the French word spelled exactly the same, meaning
227:
207:
1276:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 578.
1081:
where the user either hit the cap before the throw like on the Japanese
987:
833:, the casualty radius is published as 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in
766:
757:
2493:
2189:
1482:(2018). "Keramikgranaten aus Ingolstadt - Ein auĂergewöhnlicher Fund".
1388:
Chinese Ideas About Nature and Society: Studies in Honour of Derk Bodde
849:
515:
263:
167:
1536:(January 1719 ed.). London: British History Online. pp. 1â21
1011:
993:
979:
Chemical and gas grenades burn or release a gas, and do not explode.
953:
505:
703:
2113:"French police weapons under scrutiny after gilets jaunes injuries"
2028:
963:
Sting grenades are sometimes called "stinger grenades", which is a
1155:
1137:
1042:
1025:
880:
864:
807:
708:
666:
580:
514:
390:
337:
295:
284:
253:
203:
115:
36:
848:
concussion grenade are designed for use against enemy divers and
781:
2261:
Officerstidningen, SÀkrare tÀndfunktion till handgranater testas
1170:
1149:
718:
183:
150:
Grenades work by dispersing fragments (fragmentation grenades),
144:
2497:
1043:
1265:
1858:
Succé för svensk handgranat, Aftonbladet 2013-09-05, Jan Huss
1825:
Succé för svensk handgranat, Aftonbladet 2013-09-05, Jan Huss
857:
US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center
626:
to adopt the weapon until 1913. Hale's chief competitor was
675:â the first modern fragmentation grenade â was used in the
2481:
article with complete history, cutaway, and illustrations
2159:. University of Massachusetts. 2005-06-07. Archived from
1309:
1307:
796:
Modern fragmentation grenades, such as the United States
300:
Seven ceramic hand grenades of the 17th century found in
547:
Hand grenades were used on naval engagements during the
1451:. Oxford University. Madras, Higginbotham. p. 64.
27:
Small explosive weapon that typically is thrown by hand
1373:
First known illustration of a fire lance and a grenade
909:(MRAP) vehicles, designed for protection only against
1556:"The National Archives, records of the UK government"
925:
the United Kingdom used incendiary grenades based on
1952:"MRAPs modified to deflect RKG-3 anti-tank grenades"
2460:
Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 7
1506:
913:, as well as drone ordnance in Ukraine 2022â2024.
190:). Their outer casings, generally made of a hard
126:. A modern hand grenade generally consists of an
473:was also used during the events surrounding the
308:Rudimentary incendiary grenades appeared in the
1124:Modern manufacturers of hand grenades include:
529:
406:
202:on detonation, sending out numerous fragments (
2022:
2020:
2018:
2509:
1891:"Center for Army Lessons Learned - Thesaurus"
722:
493:, especially during boarding actions; pirate
388:, the prototype of the modern hand grenade.
365:
8:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1030:Inert training grenade made from hard rubber
905:in the early 2000s against lightly armoured
690:, patented, developed and manufactured the "
453:By the mid-17th century, infantry known as "
289:Mongolian grenade attack on Japanese during
1729:
1727:
1617:Las armas menores en la Guerra del PacĂfico
1586:"Abordagem aos Encouraçados no Tagy (1868)"
1391:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 300.
840:Concussion grenades have also been used as
434:elephant filled with explosives set with a
316:(717â741). Byzantine soldiers learned that
2516:
2502:
2494:
2473:"Getting Good with the Grenade...It Pays!"
2206:Practical Military Ordnance Identification
2186:"K417 Biodegradable Practice Hand Grenade"
2184:Defense Media Agency (November 21, 2018).
1584:Barros, Aldeir Isael Faxina (2021-05-31).
395:Earliest known representation of a gun (a
1508:"Battlefield gives up 1689 hand grenade"
786:fragmentation grenade with cross section
352:. The black dots represent iron pellets.
2343:"Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Arges GmbH"
1925:"US Army builds 'ambidextrous' grenade"
1215:
1199:TM 31-210 Improvised Munitions Handbook
1355:Tanner, Harold Miles (30 March 2009).
1242:from the original on November 21, 2023
1128:Agenzia Industrie della Difesa (Italy)
1097:identified the two main issues as the
713:Hand grenade pin-and-lever fuze system
102:typically thrown by hand (also called
2345:. Rheinmetall Defence. Archived from
1533:America and West Indies: January 1719
636:Knight of the French Legion of Honour
618:Marten Hale, known for patenting the
179:
175:
7:
2056:. 25 October 1995. p. 53 (66).
1223:
1221:
1219:
370:) were created when soldiers packed
41:Replica WW2 hand grenades on display
2251:(2005 revision), pages 3â11 to 3â12
2154:"CHAPTER 1: TYPES OF HAND GRENADES"
2135:. Federation of American Scientists
2054:United States Department of Defense
1872:. Federation of American Scientists
1847:Officerstidningen nr 7, 2019, sid 8
1814:Officerstidningen nr 7, 2019, sid 8
1773:"How the Modern Grenadier is Armed"
1649:"Granadas de mano en combate naval"
1361:. Hackett Publishing. p. 204.
1228:Levy, Michael (November 11, 2023).
694:" at the Mills Munition Factory in
641:The Royal Laboratory developed the
1950:Schogol, Jeff (October 20, 2009).
1505:Cramb, Auslan (23 February 2004).
25:
2203:Gersbeck, Thomas (5 March 2014).
2063:from the original on 5 March 2017
1710:. A&C Black. pp. 25â40.
1336:Science and civilization in China
931:No. 76 special incendiary grenade
461:were thrown amongst the Welsh at
83:US Army soldier throwing a dummy
1870:"M67 Fragmentation Hand Grenade"
1738:. Sutton Publishing. p. 2.
1615:Contador Zelada, Andrés (2011).
1519:from the original on 2022-01-11.
1001:
996:US signal smoke grenade (yellow)
986:
971:for its line of sting grenades.
765:
756:
382:Compilation of Military Classics
310:Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
67:
49:
1672:Standingwellback (2020-02-29).
1465:Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 179.
967:as "Stinger" is trademarked by
907:mine-resistant ambush protected
861:enhanced tactical multi-purpose
686:, a hand grenade designer from
399:) and a grenade (upper right),
2029:"Stingball Grenade Evaluation"
1194:Technology of the Song Dynasty
577:Development of modern grenades
360:(960â1279), weapons known as '
312:, not long after the reign of
1:
2091:. 20 April 2012. p. 51.
1315:Studies in Ancient Technology
1313:Forbes, Robert James (1993).
2084:SAS Ultimate Guide to Combat
1231:grenade: military technology
911:improvised explosive devices
114:) shot from the muzzle of a
2462:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
2277:Ministry of Defence (Italy)
2133:"M69 practice hand grenade"
1292:Online Etymology Dictionary
933:, was mainly issued to the
735:Developed by Ian Kinley at
638:in 1916 for the invention.
106:), but can also refer to a
2631:
2395:. Nammo AS. Archived from
2209:. CRC Press. p. 132.
1781:. January 1919. p. 14
1734:Saunders, Anthony (1999).
1704:Saunders, Anthony (2012).
1112:
944:
874:
605:General Sir Aylmer Haldane
589:, and was replaced by the
331:
278:
268:National Historical Museum
258:Hand grenades filled with
194:or steel, are designed to
56:Demonstration of a German
29:
2595:8th-century introductions
2529:
2232:(2005 revision), page 1-6
1736:Weapons of the Trench War
1146:(formerly Arges, Austria)
536:In March 1868 during the
366:
2458:Needham, Joseph (1986).
2027:Mesloh, Charlie (2012).
1334:Needham, Joseph (1994).
1236:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1167:Solar Industries (India)
32:Grenade (disambiguation)
2418:"ALHAMBRA Hand Grenade"
2320:. Mecar. Archived from
1530:Headlam, Cecil (1933).
1418:Needham, Volume 5, 264.
1273:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1095:Försvarets materielverk
737:Försvarets Materielverk
344:lan gu huo you shen pao
134:mechanism, an internal
2544:F1 grenade (Australia)
2370:. RUAG. Archived from
1674:"IEDs in the Boer War"
1513:Scotland Correspondent
1052:
1031:
890:
817:
723:
714:
680:
645:in 1908. It contained
594:
534:
527:
422:
404:
353:
305:
293:
271:
42:
2318:"Mecar hand grenades"
1914:Dockery 1997, p. 188.
1046:
1029:
965:genericized trademark
884:
811:
712:
670:
653:band, with an impact
584:
519:A cross-section of a
518:
394:
341:
299:
288:
281:Early thermal weapons
266:(10thâ12th centuries
257:
40:
2600:Byzantine inventions
2524:Hand grenade weapons
1964:on February 18, 2018
1760:Grenades and mortars
1476:Franzkowiak, Andreas
1433:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
1385:Bodde, Derk (1987).
1099:time-fuze's burntime
628:Nils Waltersen Aasen
491:Golden Age of Piracy
334:History of gunpowder
30:For other uses, see
2485:"How Grenades Work"
1986:. National archives
1931:. 20 September 2016
1079:percussion-ignitors
725:SprÀnghandgranat 07
632:Oscarsborg Fortress
620:Hales rifle grenade
499:Governor of Jamaica
475:Glorious Revolution
362:thunder crash bombs
188:incendiary grenades
2615:Non-lethal weapons
2605:Incendiary weapons
2564:Thunder crash bomb
2453:General references
2247:2007-12-01 at the
1678:Standing Well Back
1115:Grenade (insignia)
1053:
1032:
969:Defense Technology
891:
818:
816:concussion grenade
743:Explosive grenades
715:
681:
647:explosive material
595:
571:Russo-Japanese War
549:War of the Pacific
528:
525:American Civil War
523:, used during the
481:in the battles of
427:Mojmal al-Tawarikh
405:
354:
306:
294:
272:
192:synthetic material
43:
18:Concussion Grenade
2572:
2571:
2216:978-1-4398-5058-9
2098:978-1-78096-400-3
2089:Osprey Publishing
2009:jnlwp.defense.gov
1957:Stars and Stripes
1717:978-1-4411-2381-7
1653:Revista de Marina
1626:978-956-9242-08-3
1592:(in Portuguese).
1398:978-962-209-188-7
1368:978-0-87220-915-2
1323:978-90-04-00621-8
1071:friction-ignitors
929:. One model, the
877:Anti-tank grenade
609:Board of Ordnance
556:Siege of Mafeking
542:ironclad warships
467:English Civil War
403:, 10th century AD
270:, Athens, Greece)
180:chemical grenades
87:in training, 2022
78:
16:(Redirected from
2622:
2610:Infantry weapons
2559:Molotov cocktail
2539:Arges Type HG 84
2518:
2511:
2504:
2495:
2475:â November 1944
2446:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2429:
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2036:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1960:. Archived from
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1893:. Archived from
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:FMV announcement
1833:
1827:
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1811:
1805:
1803:FMV announcement
1800:
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1645:
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1612:
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1581:
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1572:
1571:
1562:. Archived from
1552:
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1496:
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1382:
1376:
1375:
1358:China: A History
1352:
1346:
1332:
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1311:
1302:
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1299:
1298:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1258:
1252:
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1249:
1247:
1225:
1210:Inline citations
1005:
990:
975:Chemical and gas
927:white phosphorus
903:Iraqi insurgency
896:rocket-propelled
867:) hand grenade.
785:
769:
760:
728:
719:Second World War
495:Captain Thompson
369:
368:
262:; surrounded by
224:Second World War
128:explosive charge
124:grenade launcher
100:explosive weapon
80:
79:
59:Stielhandgranate
53:
21:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2525:
2522:
2478:Popular Science
2469:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2393:"Hand grenades"
2391:
2390:
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2377:
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2341:
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2300:
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2255:
2249:Wayback Machine
2240:
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1778:Popular Science
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1349:
1333:
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1305:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1267:"Grenade"
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1180:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:Cultural impact
1083:Type 10 grenade
1041:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1006:
998:
997:
991:
977:
949:
943:
919:
879:
873:
812:Diagram of the
806:
790:
789:
788:
787:
779:
772:
771:
770:
762:
761:
750:
745:
734:
613:percussion fuze
579:
560:Second Boer War
521:Ketchum grenade
336:
330:
283:
277:
252:
236:
143:that ignites a
92:
91:
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89:
88:
81:
68:
64:
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54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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2592:
2587:
2577:
2576:
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2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:GLI-F4 grenade
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2492:
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2468:
2467:External links
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1607:
1596:(33): 98â114.
1576:
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1497:
1467:
1458:
1437:
1420:
1411:
1397:
1377:
1367:
1347:
1327:
1303:
1288:"grenade (n.)"
1279:
1264:, ed. (1911).
1262:Chisholm, Hugh
1253:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
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1189:Satchel charge
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1113:Main article:
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1007:
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985:
984:
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982:
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976:
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945:Main article:
942:
939:
918:
915:
899:shaped charges
885:Soviet RPG-43
875:Main article:
872:
869:
823:fortifications
805:
804:High explosive
802:
774:
773:
764:
763:
755:
754:
753:
752:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
578:
575:
538:Paraguayan War
386:Joseph Needham
377:Wujing Zongyao
329:
326:
276:
273:
251:
248:
235:
232:
212:anti-personnel
156:high-explosive
130:("filler"), a
82:
66:
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55:
48:
47:
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45:
44:
26:
24:
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13:
10:
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2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Hand grenades
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2531:
2528:
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2499:
2496:
2490:
2489:HowStuffWorks
2486:
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2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2399:on 2018-12-29
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2374:on 2010-05-14
2373:
2369:
2368:"HG 85 Linie"
2363:
2360:
2349:on 2010-10-11
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2324:on 2021-07-28
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2199:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2166:on 2014-12-22
2162:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2121:. 2019-01-30.
2120:
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2019:
2015:
2010:
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1979:
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1968:September 15,
1963:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1897:on 2012-09-26
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1745:0-7509-1818-7
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1577:
1566:on 2007-09-27
1565:
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1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
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1481:
1480:Wenzel, Chris
1477:
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1344:0-521-32727-X
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1152:(Switzerland)
1151:
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1127:
1126:
1125:
1120:Manufacturing
1119:
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1108:
1106:
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878:
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868:
866:
862:
858:
853:
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847:
843:
842:depth charges
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
810:
803:
801:
799:
794:
783:
778:
768:
759:
748:Fragmentation
747:
742:
740:
738:
732:
727:
726:
720:
711:
707:
705:
701:
700:fragmentation
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:William Mills
678:
674:
669:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
651:fragmentation
649:with an iron
648:
644:
643:No. 1 grenade
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
601:
592:
588:
583:
576:
574:
572:
569:) during the
568:
563:
561:
557:
552:
550:
545:
544:with canoes.
543:
539:
533:
526:
522:
517:
513:
512:(1854â1856):
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Killiecrankie
480:
476:
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468:
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322:flamethrowers
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275:Pre-gunpowder
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185:
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164:stun grenades
161:
157:
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148:
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142:
137:
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125:
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120:rifle grenade
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
86:
61:
60:
52:
39:
33:
19:
2476:
2459:
2433:
2422:. Retrieved
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:the original
2387:
2376:. Retrieved
2372:the original
2362:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:the original
2337:
2326:. Retrieved
2322:the original
2312:
2301:. Retrieved
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2267:
2256:
2237:
2225:
2205:
2198:
2179:
2168:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2148:
2137:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:The Guardian
2116:
2107:
2083:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2008:
1999:
1988:. Retrieved
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1955:
1945:
1935:20 September
1933:. Retrieved
1919:
1910:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:the original
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1864:
1853:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1790:Google Books
1788:– via
1783:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1735:
1706:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1643:
1616:
1610:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:the original
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291:Yuan dynasty
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166:), chemical
149:
104:hand grenade
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2534:Alsetex 410
2420:. Instalaza
2067:13 December
1758:Hogg, Ian.
1404:15 February
1144:Rheinmetall
1049:M67 grenade
798:M67 grenade
780: [
662:World War I
587:World War I
567:LĂŒshun Port
554:During the
510:Crimean War
469:. The word
465:during the
463:Holt Bridge
349:Huolongjing
346:) from the
244:pomegranate
110:(explosive
85:M67 grenade
2579:Categories
2424:2017-10-02
2403:2016-09-03
2378:2010-10-09
2353:2010-10-09
2328:2017-01-05
2303:2017-01-05
2282:2017-01-05
2170:2014-12-14
2139:2017-01-05
1990:2017-01-05
1984:"WO185/23"
1901:2012-07-21
1876:2017-01-05
1785:2017-01-05
1683:2023-04-02
1658:2023-04-02
1635:1318788961
1570:2006-08-09
1317:. Leiden.
1297:2017-01-05
1205:References
1087:Mills bomb
947:Blast ball
935:Home Guard
917:Incendiary
717:After the
696:Birmingham
692:Mills bomb
688:Sunderland
679:from 1915.
673:Mills bomb
600:War Office
591:Mills bomb
487:Glen Shiel
455:grenadiers
448:Ingolstadt
441:The first
432:terracotta
397:fire lance
358:Song China
332:See also:
318:Greek fire
302:Ingolstadt
279:See also:
260:Greek fire
152:shockwaves
112:projectile
2554:Khattabka
1602:2763-6267
1590:Navigator
1492:0042-9945
1428:"Grenade"
1184:Pipe bomb
1162:Instalaza
1140:(Belgium)
1134:(Germany)
871:Anti-tank
827:buildings
731:Great War
660:Early in
501:in 1721.
479:Jacobites
443:cast-iron
372:gunpowder
328:Gunpowder
304:, Germany
238:The word
234:Etymology
208:splinters
160:anti-tank
132:detonator
2585:Grenades
2299:. Jane's
2273:"Baiano"
2245:Archived
2058:Archived
2033:Academia
1929:BBC News
1517:Archived
1325:, p. 107
1240:Archived
1178:See also
1173:(Turkey)
1158:(Norway)
1039:Igniters
1022:Practice
677:trenches
506:trenches
459:grenados
414:shĂ©n huÇ
401:Dunhuang
264:caltrops
228:Cold War
220:leverage
200:fragment
168:aerosols
2487:â from
2190:YouTube
1540:28 July
1164:(Spain)
1103:springs
1075:strike-
1014:grenade
921:During
889:grenade
850:frogmen
775:Modern
558:in the
471:grenade
250:History
240:grenade
196:rupture
136:striker
122:) or a
96:grenade
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1060:Impact
1012:CS gas
954:CS gas
418:mu pĂ o
204:shards
141:primer
118:(as a
98:is an
2442:(PDF)
2164:(PDF)
2157:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
2050:(PDF)
1156:Nammo
1138:Mecar
1132:Diehl
941:Sting
865:ET-MP
846:Mk 40
831:Mk3A2
814:Mk3A2
784:]
182:) or
172:smoke
116:rifle
108:shell
2211:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2069:2014
1970:2015
1937:2016
1740:ISBN
1712:ISBN
1631:OCLC
1621:ISBN
1598:ISSN
1542:2017
1488:ISSN
1406:2013
1393:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1248:2023
1171:MKEK
1150:Ruag
1009:M7A2
887:HEAT
855:The
835:open
777:DM51
704:grip
671:The
655:fuze
485:and
436:fuse
430:, a
226:and
206:and
198:and
184:fire
178:and
162:and
145:fuze
1430:at
1077:or
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