1454:
35:
1731:
520:
about Christ and the apostles owning nothing individually or in common. Some of his arguments include that the election by the faithful, or their representatives, confers the position of pope and further limits the papal authority. The catholic (universal) church is the congregation of the faithful,
548:
The canonists and theologians who advocated conciliar superiority drew on the same sources used by
Marsilius and Ockham, but they used them in a more conservative way. They wanted to unify, defend and reform the institution under clerical control, not advance a Franciscan or a lay agenda. Among the
334:
618:) were to receive it from him in the ordinary course of the law and were subject to him," and that "it must be demonstrated that Christ gave the plenitude of ecclesiastical power not to the community of the Church but to a single person in it."
540:
was one of the founders of the conciliar movement of the late fourteenth century. In response to the
Western Schism of 1378, he advocated for calling an autonomous General Council to settle the issue. This was echoed by scholastic philosopher,
505:
wrote that the universal Church is a church of the faithful, not the priests. Marsilius focused on the idea that the inequality of the priesthood has no divine basis and that Jesus, not the pope, is the only head of the
Catholic Church.
1453:
405:
1188:
492:(325). Conciliarism also drew on corporate theories of the church, which allowed the head to be restrained or judged by the members when his actions threatened the welfare of the whole ecclesial body.
667:. Professor David D'Avray says that council documents emphasize episcopal authority, both individual and collegial, but presented as conjoined with papal authority rather than as over it.
398:
1181:
391:
1174:
179:
140:
909:
1201:
512:(d. 1349) wrote some of the earliest documents outlining the basic understanding of conciliarism. His goal in these writings was removal of
1663:
834:
1428:
918:
570:
1771:
1766:
656:
Although conciliarist strains of thought remain within the Church, the teaching of the
Catholic Church maintains that the Pope is the
484:
Conciliar theory has its roots and foundations in both history and theology, arguing that many of the most important decisions of the
1776:
1756:
1129:
1108:
1087:
1061:
1033:
966:
898:
759:
1683:
1640:
270:
1761:
1197:
629:
615:
591:
522:
465:
625:
1505:
1026:
Foundations of the conciliar theory : the contribution of the medieval canonists from
Gratian to the Great Schism
1021:
456:(1414–1418), which succeeded and proclaimed its own superiority over the Pope. Conciliarism reached its apex with the
308:
956:
1374:
1166:
614:
and only he received the power of jurisdiction immediately from Christ in an ordinary way, so that the others (
315:
565:
synthesized this strain of conciliarism, balancing hierarchy with consent and representation of the faithful.
660:, a title implying his supreme and universal primacy, both of honour and of jurisdiction, over the Church.
489:
372:
302:
1781:
1735:
1678:
664:
343:
460:(1431–1449), which ultimately fell apart. The eventual victor in the conflict was the institution of the
1710:
939:
517:
473:
83:
1658:
628:, "Pius II that the doctrine holding General Councils of the Church to be superior to the Pope was
542:
537:
453:
282:
222:
1570:
1550:
1339:
1277:
1210:
663:
A new interest in conciliarism was awakened in
Catholic Church circles with the convocation of the
558:
469:
360:
355:
78:
50:
1119:
1009:
1001:
875:
867:
502:
426:
172:
128:
1583:
1510:
1245:
1125:
1104:
1083:
1057:
1029:
993:
962:
931:
923:
894:
871:
755:
554:
509:
113:
1715:
1438:
1073:
985:
859:
562:
457:
213:
134:
64:
1416:
1406:
913:
657:
485:
449:
422:
73:
46:
34:
1673:
1650:
1480:
1443:
1327:
1307:
1272:
1265:
922:(Spring 2012 ed.). Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab at Stanford University.
688:
599:
513:
497:
437:
348:
249:
1750:
1613:
1578:
1423:
1386:
1381:
1364:
1344:
1238:
1013:
879:
683:
645:
641:
367:
123:
108:
103:
68:
42:
1703:
1588:
1433:
1396:
1359:
1302:
1223:
863:
621:
611:
586:
Many members of the Church continued to believe that the pope, as the successor of
377:
260:
208:
188:
162:
17:
1140:
1098:
1077:
1051:
888:
1693:
1633:
1623:
1603:
1593:
1560:
1462:
1411:
1401:
1297:
1233:
1218:
850:
Breidenbach, Michael D. (2016-01-01). "Conciliarism and the
American Founding".
677:
634:
587:
575:
550:
265:
255:
243:
1730:
1100:
Unity, Heresy and Reform, 1378-1460: The
Conciliar Response to the Great Schism
1698:
1618:
1530:
1525:
1500:
1495:
1475:
1470:
1369:
1354:
1349:
1334:
1322:
1292:
1053:
The
Conciliarist Tradition: Constitutionalism in the Catholic Church 1300-1870
997:
927:
822:
1688:
1668:
1628:
1608:
1598:
1555:
1545:
1540:
1515:
1485:
1391:
1312:
1282:
1250:
607:
277:
118:
1535:
1520:
1287:
1260:
1255:
1228:
1317:
1151:
1005:
746:
Roland Böhm (1992). "Konrad von
Gelnhausen". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
445:
976:
Oakley, Francis (1972). "Conciliarism at the Fifth Lateran Council?".
461:
989:
935:
748:
526:
1121:
Religion, Law and the Growth of Constitutional Thought, 1150-1650
441:
430:
425:
which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an
1170:
823:
Fanning, William. "Vicar of Christ." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1152:"Constance and its Aftermath: The Legacy of Conciliar Theory"
488:
have been made through conciliar means, beginning with the
754:(in German). Vol. 4. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 387–388.
590:, retained the supreme governing authority in the Church.
574:, that "in France conciliarism was one of the sources of
464:, confirmed by the condemnation of conciliarism at the
1142:
Council Over Pope?: Towards a Provisional Ecclesiology
604:
On the comparison of the authority of pope and council
1198:
Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church
730:
728:
726:
750:
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
421:
was a movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century
1649:
1569:
1461:
1209:
624:was a major opponent of conciliarism. According to
747:
718:
549:theorists of this more clerical conciliarism were
955:Marsilius of Padua (2005). Brett, Annabel (ed.).
521:not the institutional, which was promised to the
516:, who had revoked a decree favoring ideas of the
825:Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912
468:, 1512–1517. The final gesture, the doctrine of
452:(1409), which failed to end the schism, and the
114:Apiarius of Sicca § Appeal to the bishop of Rome
181:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
1182:
958:Marsilius of Padua: The Defender of the Peace
399:
184:§ The Third Wall: Authority to Call a Council
8:
785:
373:Josip Juraj Strossmayer § Catholic diplomacy
361:Old Catholic Church § First Vatican Council,
887:Burns, J.H.; Izbicki, Thomas, eds. (1997).
602:vigorously defended papal authority in his
448:. The schism inspired the summoning of the
84:First Vatican Council § Papal infallibility
1189:
1175:
1167:
1079:Nicholas of Cusa: The Catholic Concordance
598:, completed ca. 1453. A generation later,
406:
392:
129:Gregory II Youssef § First Vatican Council
29:
961:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
893:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
798:The Meddlesome Friar and the Wayward Pope
774:
1156:University of Rochester Library Bulletin
436:The movement emerged in response to the
337:Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox
167:
809:Fortescue, Adrian and George D. Smith,
734:
700:
644:condemned the conciliarist writings of
273:bishops § Centralization of papal power
41:
27:14th- to 16th-century Catholic movement
707:
335:Ecclesiastical differences between the
119:Pentarchy § After the East–West Schism
606:. He wrote that "Peter alone had the
344:Ignaz von Döllinger § Papal authority
7:
1664:Community of the Lady of All Nations
1028:(Enl. new ed.). Leiden: Brill.
919:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
813:, (First Giorgas Press, 2001), 210.
571:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
429:, apart from, or even against, the
168:Conciliarism § Modern conciliarism
25:
1729:
1452:
594:defended papal supremacy in his
472:, was not promulgated until the
356:Papal infallibility § Objections
33:
910:"Medieval Political Philosophy"
173:Ecumenical council § Acceptance
109:Episcopal see § Catholic Church
1124:. Cambridge University Press.
1082:. Cambridge University Press.
872:10.5309/willmaryquar.73.3.0467
864:10.5309/willmaryquar.73.3.0467
852:The William and Mary Quarterly
835:D'Avray, David. "Conciliarism"
1:
568:John Kilcullen wrote, in the
363:Old Catholic Union of Utrecht
349:Ultramontanism § Position of
1150:Oakley, Francis (1987–88).
1074:Cardinal Nicholas (of Cusa)
1056:. Oxford University Press.
811:The Uniate Eastern Churches
201:Catholic episcopal councils
141:Eastern Orthodox opposition
1798:
1736:Catholic Church portal
1097:Crowder, C. M. D. (1977).
582:Opposition to conciliarism
329:Objections and controversy
309:Cum ex apostolatus officio
1772:14th-century Christianity
1767:15th-century Christianity
1724:
1450:
908:Kilcullen, John (2012) .
890:Conciliarism and papalism
1777:15th-century Catholicism
1757:Catholic Church councils
1139:Oakley, Francis (1969).
1050:Oakley, Francis (2008).
796:Michael de la Bedoyere,
786:Burns & Izbicki 1997
638:condemned conciliarism.
351:other apostolic churches
339:Church § Papal authority
316:Pascendi Dominici gregis
1118:Tierney, Brian (2008).
719:Marsilius of Padua 2005
490:First Council of Nicaea
440:between rival popes in
303:Development of doctrine
271:Appointment of Catholic
665:Second Vatican Council
626:Michael de la Bédoyère
1762:Catholic ecclesiology
1711:Positive Christianity
518:Spiritual Franciscans
474:First Vatican Council
466:Fifth Lateran Council
1145:. Herder and Herder.
543:Henry of Langenstein
538:Conrad of Gelnhausen
454:Council of Constance
283:Papal deposing power
223:The Ratzinger Report
124:Pope John XIX § Life
1679:Jehovah's Witnesses
1551:Spanish Adoptionism
652:Modern conciliarism
559:Francesco Zabarella
470:papal infallibility
155:Ecumenical councils
79:Papal infallibility
1246:Antidicomarianites
632:." Pius II's bull
592:Juan de Torquemada
503:Marsilius of Padua
427:ecumenical council
143:to papal supremacy
18:Conciliar movement
1744:
1743:
1584:Consubstantiation
1103:. Edward Arnold.
648:on June 3, 1816.
596:Summa de ecclesia
510:William of Ockham
416:
415:
297:compared to popes
238:compared to popes
203:compared to popes
157:compared to popes
98:compared to popes
16:(Redirected from
1789:
1734:
1733:
1716:Reincarnationism
1456:
1439:Subordinationism
1424:Pneumatomachians
1355:Melchisedechians
1191:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1163:
1146:
1135:
1114:
1093:
1067:
1039:
1017:
972:
951:
949:
947:
938:. Archived from
904:
883:
837:
832:
826:
820:
814:
807:
801:
794:
788:
783:
777:
772:
766:
765:
753:
743:
737:
732:
721:
716:
710:
705:
563:Nicholas of Cusa
533:Conciliar theory
458:Council of Basel
408:
401:
394:
278:Concordat § List
236:Political rulers
215:Christus Dominus
135:Ravenna Document
65:Primacy of Peter
37:
30:
21:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1728:
1720:
1645:
1571:Early modernity
1565:
1457:
1448:
1417:Semipelagianism
1407:Patripassianism
1205:
1195:
1149:
1138:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1072:
1064:
1049:
1046:
1044:Further reading
1036:
1020:
990:10.2307/3163876
975:
969:
954:
945:
943:
914:Zalta, Edward N
907:
901:
886:
849:
846:
841:
840:
833:
829:
821:
817:
808:
804:
795:
791:
784:
780:
773:
769:
762:
745:
744:
740:
733:
724:
717:
713:
706:
702:
697:
673:
658:Vicar of Christ
654:
584:
535:
486:Catholic Church
482:
450:Council of Pisa
423:Catholic Church
412:
383:
382:
362:
350:
338:
336:
330:
322:
321:
298:
296:
288:
287:
272:
239:
237:
229:
228:
204:
202:
194:
193:
183:
175:of the councils
174:
158:
156:
148:
147:
142:
99:
97:
89:
88:
74:Papal supremacy
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1795:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Indifferentism
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:Bosnian Church
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1444:Valentinianism
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:Psilanthropism
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:Valentinianism
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Priscillianism
1305:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Collyridianism
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:Circumcellions
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1147:
1136:
1130:
1115:
1109:
1094:
1088:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1022:Tierney, Brian
1018:
984:(4): 452–463.
978:Church History
973:
967:
952:
905:
899:
884:
858:(3): 467–500.
845:
842:
839:
838:
827:
815:
802:
789:
778:
775:Kilcullen 2012
767:
760:
738:
722:
711:
699:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
689:Ultramontanism
686:
681:
672:
669:
653:
650:
600:Thomas Cajetan
583:
580:
555:Pierre d'Ailly
534:
531:
514:Pope John XXII
498:Defensor Pacis
481:
478:
438:Western Schism
414:
413:
411:
410:
403:
396:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
375:
370:
365:
358:
353:
346:
341:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
312:
305:
299:
295:Existing dogma
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
280:
275:
268:
263:
258:
253:
250:Patronato real
246:
240:
235:
234:
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211:
205:
200:
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177:
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165:
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150:
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145:
138:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
100:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
71:
61:
58:
57:
54:
53:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1794:
1783:
1782:Papal primacy
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:Protestantism
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Antinomianism
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Monothelitism
1385:
1383:
1382:Monophysitism
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:Monarchianism
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Macedonianism
1343:
1341:
1340:Luciferianism
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:Semi-Arianism
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1131:9780521088084
1127:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1110:9780713159424
1106:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1089:9780521567732
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1063:9780199541249
1059:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:9789004109247
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
970:
968:9781139447300
964:
960:
959:
953:
942:on 2013-12-02
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
906:
902:
900:9780521470896
896:
892:
891:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
847:
843:
836:
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684:Anticurialism
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646:Germanos Adam
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368:Sedevacantism
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217:§ Controversy
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189:Ultrajectines
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69:Papal primacy
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51:infallibility
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43:Papal primacy
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
1704:Santa Muerte
1694:Narco-saints
1589:Febronianism
1506:Free Spirits
1491:Conciliarism
1490:
1434:Sabellianism
1397:Nestorianism
1303:Paulicianism
1224:Apollinarism
1159:
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944:. Retrieved
940:the original
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735:Tierney 1998
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622:Pope Pius II
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616:the Apostles
612:Jesus Christ
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508:
496:
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435:
419:Conciliarism
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378:Ultrajectine
314:
307:
261:Febronianism
248:
221:
214:
209:Febronianism
180:
163:Conciliarity
133:
1659:Americanism
1634:Lutheranism
1624:Arminianism
1604:Josephinism
1594:Gallicanism
1561:Waldensians
1463:Middle Ages
1412:Pelagianism
1402:Novatianism
1298:Manichaeism
1234:Anomoeanism
1219:Adoptionism
708:Oakley 1972
678:Haec sancta
635:Execrabilis
588:Saint Peter
576:Gallicanism
551:Jean Gerson
266:Cisalpinism
256:Josephinism
244:Gallicanism
1751:Categories
1619:Anabaptism
1531:Josephines
1526:Impanation
1511:Henricians
1501:Fraticelli
1496:Dulcinians
1476:Bogomilism
1375:Modalistic
1370:Athinganoi
1350:Marcionism
1335:Iconoclasm
1323:Sethianism
1293:Gnosticism
936:2004615159
800:, p. 59-60
695:References
480:Background
96:Patriarchs
1689:Mormonism
1684:Modernism
1669:Feeneyism
1651:Modernity
1629:Calvinism
1609:Pantheism
1599:Jansenism
1556:Taborites
1546:Pasagians
1541:Migetians
1516:Humiliati
1486:Catharism
1471:Arnoldism
1392:Montanism
1313:Naassenes
1283:Ebionites
1251:Audianism
1211:Antiquity
1014:162257012
998:1755-2613
928:1095-5054
880:148090971
630:heretical
608:vicariate
476:of 1870.
47:supremacy
1641:Quietism
1536:Lollardy
1521:Hussites
1360:Modalism
1288:Euchites
1261:Donatism
1256:Docetism
1229:Arianism
1076:(1995).
1024:(1998).
946:22 April
671:See also
523:Apostles
501:(1324),
59:Overview
1699:Maximón
1318:Ophites
1278:Dualism
1006:3163876
916:(ed.).
844:Sources
495:In his
446:Avignon
1128:
1107:
1086:
1060:
1032:
1012:
1004:
996:
965:
934:
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462:papacy
67:&
1010:S2CID
1002:JSTOR
912:. In
876:S2CID
868:JSTOR
527:Jesus
1202:list
1160:XXXX
1126:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1030:ISBN
994:ISSN
963:ISBN
948:2013
932:LCCN
924:ISSN
895:ISBN
756:ISBN
557:and
444:and
442:Rome
431:pope
49:and
986:doi
860:doi
610:of
578:."
525:by
1753::
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725:^
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