Cavalry in the American Civil War

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communities to provide horses, a policy that lasted briefly in the North, while the South maintained it throughout the war even though Richmond leaders recognized its serious drawbacks. While Confederate troopers bore the monetary cost of keeping themselves mounted, Union cavalrymen rode quartermaster-issued animals obtained through public contracts (although officers had to reimburse the cost of their mounts to the government). While open to fraud early in the war, once tightened regulations and stringent inspections were enforced, the contract system yielded an estimated 650,000 horses for Union armies during the war exclusive of an additional 75,000 confiscated in Confederate territory.

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conducted a handful of cavalry charges against Confederate infantry in the first three years of the war and all were doomed to fail for reasons other than the rifle. Stephen Z. Starr found no proof that cavalry in the Civil War made a conscious choice to change their tactics in response to the rifle. While there was a shift towards more dragoon-based tactics overall, he cites a number of other factors for this evolution, principal among them being the quality of the mounts available and the lack of appropriate training for both horse and rider.

289: 1392: 1568:, would make the deployment of Napoleonic-style cavalry forces ineffective. As the war progressed, the value of cavalry was eventually realized, and numerous state volunteer cavalry regiments were added to the army. While initially reluctant to form a large cavalry force, the Union eventually fielded some 258 mounted regiments and 170 unattached companies, of differing enlistment periods, throughout the war and suffered 10,596 killed and 26,490 wounded during the struggle. 656:, later increased to eighty in October 1862, also commanded by a captain with a number of other officers and NCOs. Each regiment was commanded by a colonel, assisted by a lieutenant colonel and a major, with its own regimental staff. As with Union forces, the Confederates also formed independent battalions and companies of cavalry forces, and many partisan groups were formed which operated both within and outside of Confederate territory. Additionally, at least one cavalry 1556: 1082: 274: 649:

removed. Continued adjustments to the number of soldiers per regiment and troop made throughout the early part of the war were finalized in April 1863, when the authorized strength for a Union cavalry regiment was set at between 1,040 and 1,156. Although permanent battalions were removed, Union forces continued to operate in the field as squadrons and battalions. Independent battalions and companies of volunteers were also formed throughout the war.

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saber and pistols, but many regiments had no more than ten to twelve carbines per company. It was not until 1863 when every Union trooper was guaranteed a carbine in addition to his revolvers and saber, although up through to the end of the war many regiments were armed with multiple models of carbines, making resupply difficult. Confederate soldiers meanwhile might carry anything from the latest carbines imported from Europe to

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animal scarcity and inflation costing over $ 3,000 by war's end. The daily feed ration for Union cavalry horses was ten pounds of hay and fourteen pounds of grain which were ample and fulfilled the animals' nutritional needs if of good quality, however, the vagaries of the army supply system did not always insure prescribed forage amounts were delivered where most needed.

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home and buy a new one. If a replacement could not be found, they were forced to join the infantry, an ignominious fate for a dashing cavalryman. Contemporaries remarked at the flaws in this system and the resulting loss of troopers, and how it perversely penalized the boldest as they were the most likely to have their horses shot out from under them.

1044:. The size of the train could be quite large to support a cavalry force: even a single regiment might demand 81 wagons to keep it supplied. Forage in particular was the bulkiest and most difficult to transport of all military supplies. In October 1862 the Army of the Potomac, with 127,818 soldiers and 321 cannons, had a daily supply requirement of 667.5 260:, which was meant to aide the recruitment of irregulars into service with the Confederate Army. Many of the partisan cavalry units were considered excellent horsemen and operated both within and outside of Southern territory. There is little commonality as to their weapons in general, and any weapons available were used, but many favored the 539: 517:

By the latter part of the war, offensive tactics had settled around a hybrid that mixed the qualities of both traditional cavalry and mounted infantry. A cavalry unit would use their superior mobility to approach the enemy but then dismount a majority of their force to attack on foot. The dismounted

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Historian Earl J. Hess disputes the impact the rifle had on cavalry tactics in the Civil War, noting that even in the era of smoothbore muskets infantry had always been able to defend itself against cavalry attacks; a cavalry charge against infantry in formation and ready to meet it had almost always

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Of these missions, reconnaissance was the most important role. Their inherent nature made cavalry ideally suited to be the "eyes and ears" of an army's commander and keep him informed of the enemy's position and movements. Cavalry had the agility and firepower to probe the enemy for weak points, set

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with about half of its total strength stationed there as a "grand guard." The rest would set up pickets out to the sides and in front of the outpost at a distance of 500 yards (460 m). Each picket would also deploy solitary vedettes in a semicircle a further 400 to 500 yards (370 to 460 m)

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against infantry. He was a flamboyant dresser and an audacious commander, wildly popular with the Southern public for his escapades in twice encircling the Army of the Potomac. These long-range reconnaissance missions accomplished little of military value but boosted Southern morale. After Stuart's

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A wide variety of weaponry was carried by mounted forces during the Civil War. While it is commonly held that Northern cavalry were better equipped than their Southern counterparts, this was not always the case, particularly at the beginning of the war. By the start of 1862, most had been issued a

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to spread among army stock. The U.S. Congress finally created the rank of veterinary sergeant in March 1863, but the meager pay and rank held no inducement for qualified candidates to join the army. Repeated calls to establish a professional military veterinary service failed, and widespread waste,

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Cavalry horse prices varied throughout the war; in 1861 the maximum government price for cavalry horses was $ 119. However, relentless military demand caused prices to continually increase and by 1865 prices hovered near $ 190 per head. In the Confederacy horse prices rapidly spiraled upward due to

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basis for their horse, and if it were killed in battle their owner would be paid its value at the time of mustering. However, no compensation would be given if the horse died of any other causes, and without a horse they either had to steal one from the Yankees or take a 30-day furlough to return

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was made chief of the Cavalry Bureau in January 1864, he adopted the Spencer as the standard Union cavalry firearm; while many regiments were fully rearmed with these repeaters, some were still armed with other weapons by the war's end. Confederate forces could use captured breechloaders like the

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numbered only 45 men. The fate of most regiments once they were reduced to a certain size was either disbandment or consolidation with other units, much to the chagrin of the veteran troopers. The states were mostly responsible for recruitment and many governors were more inclined to create brand

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Long-distance raids were the most desirable mission for cavalrymen, primarily because of the fame that successful raids would bring, but they were often of little practical strategic value in comparison to the men and horses lost. Jeb Stuart became famous for two audacious raids around the Army of

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was established specifically with supplying horses and equipment to Union cavalry forces. There were six large remount depots created where horses were purchased, sick and injured horses allowed to recuperate, and cavalry units gathered to drill and train. The primary depot, located at Giesboro

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were used during the early phases of the war, particularly by the Confederacy, as troopers brought with them whatever weapons they had on hand. Though capable of inflicting heavy damage at close range, they were mostly replaced once both sides got sufficient supplies of carbines. Partisan cavalry

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and one of the reasons both North and South initially hesitated in forming mounted units was because of financial considerations; each cavalry regiment cost $ 300,000 for initial organization with annual upkeep expenses tallying over $ 100,000. Both cavalries originally required recruits or local

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Cavalry units proved highly expensive to maintain, and unscrupulous agents would often exploit shortages by supplying defective animals at exorbitant prices. The Union benefited from the creation of tighter regulations and a centralized acquisition and distribution system which ensured its forces

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to over 1,400 troopers by April 1862 (split between twenty-two and twenty-six companies) by refusing to allow its division into multiple regiments. More often, regiments were worn down by attrition until they were a fraction of their authorized size: Union regiments averaged between 400 and 600

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observed that the United States never had a strong tradition of heavy cavalry which normally conducted such attacks, whereas a cost-conscious Congress preferred to fund dragoons and mounted infantry which had more supposed versatility. Lacking a doctrinal basis for their use, Union cavalry only

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did not organize its cavalry regiments into larger formations to perform independent operations, but instead paired them with infantry divisions. Here they were often wasted by being used merely as pickets, outposts, orderlies, guards for senior officers, and messengers. In July 1862 the first

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The Union cavalry was disadvantaged at the start of the war because Northern soldiers allegedly had less comparative equestrian experience than their Southern counterparts, and the Union army did not institute an examination in basic horsemanship before a recruit was mustered into service until

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The Union started the war with five Regular mounted regiments: the 1st and 2nd U.S. Dragoons, the 1st Mounted Rifles, and the 1st and 2nd Cavalry. These were renumbered the 1st through 5th U.S. Cavalry regiments, respectively, and a 6th was recruited. The Union was initially reluctant to enlist

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Furthermore, both Urwin and Griffith note that these same factors – the use of their own horses and the aristocratic culture – made Southern troopers notoriously insubordinate: soldiers often refused to follow orders or went home whenever they felt like, and some officers refused to serve under

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Union army guidelines for cavalry horse selection mandated animals be at least 15 hands (60 inches (150 cm)) high, weighing on average around 950 pounds (430 kg), and aged between 4 and 10 years old, and be well-broken to bridle and saddle. Animals were to be dark colors and free from

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mirrored the organization of the 3rd Cavalry starting in July. In August, Congress renumbered the Regular Army's mounted forces as the 1st through 6th cavalry regiments. Then in July 1862 all cavalry regiments were reorganized around the twelve-troop model and the permanent battalion structure

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his forces averaged twenty-one hours in the saddle on some days (and once covered 90 miles (140 km) in thirty-five hours). Such excesses were extremely damaging to the readiness of the units and extensive recovery periods were required. Stuart, during the Gettysburg Campaign, resorted to

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also argues that, with each trooper having to supply their own horse, "ne does not need to invoke any theory of 'Southern Cavaliers' or 'innate equestrian skills' to see that a soldier will do better if he rides his own cherished four-legged friend than if he is astride an anonymous item of

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further ahead and behind to provide advanced warning. With a troop of 96 horsemen in a column of fours taking up 95 yards (87 m) of road, a cavalry force on the march could stretch for many miles: Sheridan's massive force of ten thousand troopers and six artillery batteries en route to

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were maintained between the outpost and the pickets, and additional patrols were set out ahead of the vendettes to distances of two or more miles. Picket duty was fatiguing for both soldiers and horses, and many cavalry leaders believed this type of work was better suited to infantry.

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arrayed out in front of it. Every fourth trooper was a horseholder responsible for taking care of the others' mounts. They were positioned as near as possible to allow for a quick remount, while simultaneously taking advantage of any shelter available to stay out of danger.

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One advantage the Union horseman had over his opponent was the centralized horse procurement organization of the army, relieving him of any responsibility for replacing an injured horse. This responsibility was first taken over by the government on August 31, 1861, with the

238:. During the Civil War many foot infantry units were converted into mounted infantry. Although there was a belief that mounted infantry made for neither good cavalry nor infantry, with reliable weapons and competent leadership the concept would flourish, particularly in the 147:, but these names were considered obsolete and used out of tradition rather than as an accurate description. Approximately fourteen percent of the Union Army consisted of cavalry, while in the Confederate States Army about twenty percent of soldiers were mounted. 526:. Finally at the right moment, the mounted portion stationed on one or both flanks would conduct a saber charge (or, if lacking in sabers, use their revolvers). When combined with the usage of horse artillery, cavalry fighting this way essentially became an " 1564:

additional regiments, because of the expense, the understanding that training an effective cavalryman could take as long as two years, and the conventional wisdom that the rough and forested terrain of the United States, being so different from that of

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August 1862. In addition, over half (104 out of 176) of the experienced U.S. Army cavalry officers were Southerners, and the majority resigned their commissions to fight for the Confederacy. This included four of the five regimental colonels. With

1505:, who achieved spectacular results with small forces but was an ineffective subordinate to the army commanders he was supposed to support, resulting in poorly coordinated battles. Much of the same issues could be said of Forrest's counterpart in the 1462:

With Confederate cavalry responsible for their own horses, many first rode into battle on some of the finest mounts available, but as the war progressed it became harder and harder to find suitable replacements. A trooper was compensated on a

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of their unit. Regimental staff officers were chosen from among the unit's lieutenants, while higher formations were to have a representative from the armies' respective war departments. General officers were also allowed a personal staff of

1382:, the 5th Texas Cavalry performed the only major lancer charge of the war, and was slaughtered, abandoning the lance after the battle. The 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry discontinued usage of the lance in May 1863 and where replaced with carbines. 220:, representing a cross between light infantry and light cavalry. Dragoons had been raised in the United States prior to the Civil War, and as the conflict progressed this method of fighting became more central to how cavalry fought overall. 2512:"Our Cavalry," The United States Army and Navy Journal, I (February 1864); Gerleman, David J. "A Blot on the Army: Veterinary Care in the Union Cavalry, 1861–1865," Smithsonian Institution Civil War Sesquicentennial Symposium, November 2012 1149:

Horses gave the cavalry forces significant mobility: during an eight-hour day a distance of 35 miles (56 km) could be covered without fatiguing horse or rider. In some operations, forces were pushed to the limit: Jeb Stuart's raid on

817:, grouping a number of divisions together. Union brigades were numbered based on their position within their parent division, as were divisions within their corps, however Confederate units were known by their commanding officer's name. 1028:

work necessary to keep these units supplied. Either civilian workers had to be hired or soldiers detailed to handle these functions; the former tended to be unreliable while the latter lessened the combat effectiveness of their units.

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counterpart, especially early in the war. The common explanations for this stereotype were the poor road conditions in the rural South, requiring a greater reliance on horses for individual transportation, combined with a pervasive

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and discarded it as soon as he could. In some units like the 2nd Kentucky regiment, if any man attempted to carry a saber he would be considered a "laughing stock" by the rest. Conversely, Confederate cavalry commanded by General

1332:, although their utility was questioned even at the time. On average Northern troopers made greater use of sabers while Southern troopers preferred other weapons. John Mosby noted that the only instances he used a saber was as a 419:

the Potomac in 1862; his third such attempt, during the Gettysburg Campaign, lead to disaster for the Army of Northern Virginia. Inspired by the 'success' of these raids the Union attempted to mimic them but to mixed results.

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of two ranks, although more recent doctrine called for just a single rank. It was also possible to make a charge from a column (or double column) of fours. Dismounted troopers formed themselves into a line of one rank, with

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There were a variety of mounted forces prevalent in the Civil War, although for the sake of brevity they are often referred to under the catchall term "cavalry". Some units named themselves after European cavalry such as

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National Archives, RG 92, Quartermaster Department Circular, "Instructions for Inspectors of Cavalry Horses," February 5, 1864; Gerleman, David J. "Warhorse! Union Cavalry Mounts." North and South Magazine (January

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On both sides volunteer officers often proved notably lax in promoting strict animal welfare, a shortcoming exacerbated by the absence of a trained and organized veterinary corps which allowed serious maladies like

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respectively, although for lack of a higher rank some Union cavalry brigades and divisions were commanded by colonels and brigadier generals instead. Both sides also eventually combined their cavalry forces into

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was given command of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, and he deployed his horsemen in a more effective, strategic way than his predecessors. Despite the reluctance of his superior, Major General

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preferred to use double-barreled shotguns though, especially units operating in the Western Theater. A common tactic was to charge the enemy and unleash both barrels at close range then switch to a pistol or

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out of his own pocket (intending to deduct the cost from his men's wages, an embarrassed Federal government agreed to reimburse him instead). Rifles were considered too unwieldy to be used from horseback

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Stubbs, M. L., Connor, S. R. (1969). Armor-Cavalry: Regular Army and Army Reserve. United States: Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 14-18

1167:, his men appropriated well over 1,000 horses from the region. Many of these untrained new mounts proved a hindrance during the subsequent fighting at East Cavalry Field during the battle of Gettysburg. 5621: 5448: 3163: 115:

remained mounted throughout the war. Conversely, the Confederacy's system of each soldier supplying their own horses resulted in the degradation of its cavalry units as horses became harder to obtain.

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Newell, C. R., Shrader, C. R. (2011). Of Duty Well and Faithfully Done: A History of the Regular Army in the Civil War. United States: Nebraska. p. 152-153

206:. The United States did not have a strong cavalry tradition and Congress was unwilling to fund the creation of expensive heavy cavalry; only light cavalry were formed before and during the Civil War. 427:

was considered a failure for although it destroyed considerable Confederate property, much of this was quickly repaired, at the cost of at least 1,000 of his horses ruined by the exertion. Meanwhile

1020:. Neither side had an effective way to train staff officers however, and so their competence tended to be based on how much experience they gained. Furthermore, with some exceptions there were no 402:

who used their horses only for mobility and fought on foot as regular infantry. Furthermore, the terrain was also blamed for being less conducive to large cavalry maneuvers, particularly in the

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in 1863 is considered the point by which Union cavalry proved itself equal to the Confederates, and onward through the second half of the war they continued to improve. This was exemplified by

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were shorter in overall length, less cumbersome to carry mounted or dismounted, and easier to operate from horseback. However, their accuracy was greatly diminished compared to that of other

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The Confederates organized their cavalry regiments along the same principles as the old Regular Army regiments with ten companies. In November 1861, each company was to have at minimum sixty

1125:' volatility and aggressiveness made them generally unsuitable for service. In the Confederacy, limited horse numbers did not permit such selectivity in trying to keep their armies horsed. 2417:

Wilson, J. B. (1998). Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. United States: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 13-18

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were duplicable. The metallic cartridges needed by other carbines like the Burnside and Spencer were too advanced for the Confederates to copy and so were not used for lack of ammunition.

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Starr, S. Z. (1979). The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: The War in the East from Gettysburg to Appomattox, 1863--1865. United Kingdom: LSU Press. p. 68-71

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The use and evolution of cavalry for offensive action in the Civil War is a subject of contention. The conventional view is that cavalry's traditional role on the battlefield -

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Urwin, G. J. W. (2003). The United States Cavalry: An Illustrated History, 1776-1944. United States: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 121

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Urwin, G. J. W. (2003). The United States Cavalry: An Illustrated History, 1776-1944. United States: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 110-113

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Gudmens, J. J. (2005). Staff Ride Handbook for the Battle of Shiloh, 6–7 April 1862. United States: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 18-24

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Gudmens, J. J. (2005). Staff Ride Handbook for the Battle of Shiloh, 6–7 April 1862. United States: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 4-6

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complained that Confederate cavalry armed only with rifles were at a severe disadvantage in open country against Union cavalry who could fight on horseback with sabers.

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rather than return an existing unit to full strength. Nevertheless, the Confederates did a better job than the Union at funneling replacements to existing regiments.

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Starr, S. Z. (2007). The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: From Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, 1861–1863. United Kingdom: LSU Press. p. 51-51

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Guelzo, A. C. (2012). Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Italy: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 249

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Starr, S. Z. (2007). The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: From Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, 1861–1863. United Kingdom: LSU Press. p. 220

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Starr, S. Z. (2007). The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: From Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, 1861–1863. United Kingdom: LSU Press. p. 465

5063: 4706: 4095: 3974: 530:" force, though they were more expensive to maintain, required more logistical support, and could not field quite as many soldiers as comparable infantry forces. 386:

into enemy infantry with lances and sabers to break up their formations - had been appropriate in previous generations when the infantry's primary weapon was the

375:. However, when Stuart was "cut loose" to conduct another raid around the Army of the Potomac, he deprived Lee of adequate reconnaissance at the beginning of the 1624:

Halfway into the war, during the summer of 1863, the Union cavalry came into its own. Widely regarded as inferior to its Southern counterpart up until then, the

5590: 4948: 4701: 4696: 4122: 2699:"Cavalry, U.S.A." in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, eds., Vol. 1, A-C, (ABC-CLIO Publishers, 2000), pp. 378-381 2279:

Hess, E. J. (2008). The Rifle Musket in Civil War Combat: Reality and Myth. United States: University Press of Kansas. p. 210-212

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Belcher, D. W. (2018). The Union Cavalry and the Chickamauga Campaign. United States: McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 12

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Starr, S. Z. (2007). The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: The War in the West, 1861–1865. United Kingdom: LSU Press. p. 589-594

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independent brigades were formed but were unfortunately used for many of the same roles. The first officer to make effect use of cavalry was Major General

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was formed early in the war by combining infantry and artillery forces into one large regiment, but the concept was soon abandoned for being too unwieldy.

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Starr, S. Z. (2007). The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: The War in the West, 1861–1865. United Kingdom: LSU Press. p. 212

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commanders with whom they had petty grievances. In one remarkable case a Tennessee cavalry regiment unilaterally decided to disband itself. Governor

1296:. They were useful only in close fighting since they had little accuracy. It was common for cavalrymen to carry two revolvers for extra firepower, and 5458: 5221: 5191: 4829: 4758: 3456: 3451: 403: 239: 216:, pistols, and sabers. They could fight from horseback as traditional cavalrymen but were expected to fight on foot as well. The term comes from the 76:

In the first half of the war, the Confederates enjoyed the advantage in cavalry, not least because most of the experienced cavalry officers from the

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Brooks, U. R. (1909). Butler and His Cavalry in the War of Secession, 1861-1865. United States: State Company. p. 179

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structure with two squadrons to a battalion and each battalion with its own commanding officer and staff. Regiments raised by the states under the

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Cozzens, P. (1996). This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga. United States: University of Illinois Press. p. 15

1581: 1576:'s graduating class of 1861 unable to make up the deficiency, many officer positions were filled by green appointees from the civilian sector. 29: 5088: 4080: 4075: 3939: 3839: 3090: 2969: 2924: 2905: 2886: 2126:

Eicher, J., Eicher, D. (2002). Civil War High Commands. United States: Stanford University Press. p. 66-67

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United States Army Logistics, 1775-1992: An Anthology. (1997). United States: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 198

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succeeded in tying down upwards of 40,000 Federal troops defending rail lines and logistical hubs with only 100 to 150 irregulars. In the

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were the standard weapon of infantry during the Civil War but were also carried by some mounted forces. Many used traditional infantry

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were rendered ineffective and disastrous on the battlefield. Instead, cavalry had to learn to fight dismounted, in effect becoming

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Eric J. Wittenberg. The Cavalry: Overview of Union cavalry in the Eastern Theatre of the Civil War up to the Battle of Gettysburg

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total, while Confederate regiments averaged between 160 and 360 total. In one extreme example, an unnamed Union regiment at the

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Coggins, J. (2004). Arms and Equipment of the Civil War. United Kingdom: Dover Publications. p. 48-49

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of fours, allowing for easy travel down roads and around obstacles. About 500 yards (460 m) to either side were parallel

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procuring replacement horses from local farmers and townspeople during his grueling trek northward around the Union army. In

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was the primary infantry firearm, and against a weapon with an effective range of up to 500 yards (460 m) these mounted

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The actual size of cavalry regiments rarely if ever conformed to their paper strength. Sometimes they could be much larger:

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friendly units from being discovered by the enemy's reconnaissance efforts. Other missions carried out by cavalry included

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Griffith, P. (2001). Battle Tactics of the Civil War. United Kingdom: Yale University Press. p. 69

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suffering, and destruction among army horses resulted; not until 1916 was an official U.S. army veterinary corps founded.

982: 809: 668: 562: 1628:, although tactically indecisive, is recognized as the point at which it was acknowledged to have comparable competence. 640:) was founded in May 1861, it instead constituted twelve troops for a total of 1,278 soldiers. This included a permanent 5216: 4958: 4748: 4723: 4435: 3510: 3215: 3155: 962: 784: 590: 578: 558: 108: 77: 3100: 1308: 5647: 5395: 5146: 4983: 4973: 4968: 4926: 4350: 3010: 2494:

Reports of Committees of the House of Representatives, 37th Cong., 2d sess., 1861-62, part I, 84; O.R.III, vol. 5, 256

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The following are Civil War battles, campaigns, or separate raids in which cavalry forces played a significant role.

1648:, resulted in the death of Confederate commander Jeb Stuart. He later employed his cavalry force effectively in the 5538: 5126: 4953: 4836: 4814: 4743: 4658: 3719: 3520: 3398: 3380: 1964: 1949: 1819: 1707: 1701: 1675: 1612: 1602: 1363: 1151: 424: 336:

ambushes for isolated groups, and flee before the main force could overwhelm them. The widespread availability of

5657: 5570: 5526: 5332: 5114: 4916: 4889: 4869: 4770: 4576: 4481: 3779: 3694: 3610: 3260: 3185: 2609:

Wert, J. D. (2015). Mosby's Rangers. United Kingdom: Simon & Schuster. p. 81-82

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In the Western Theater, two effective cavalry generals have not achieved the fame of their Eastern counterparts:

1160: 352: 5533: 5417: 5342: 5317: 5312: 5276: 5196: 4894: 4879: 4460: 3964: 3744: 3709: 3644: 3585: 3580: 3310: 1695: 1649: 1625: 1478: 1367: 1329: 645: 606: 96: 288: 5521: 5141: 5109: 5104: 4802: 4775: 4167: 3664: 3654: 3426: 3421: 3275: 1889: 1884: 1842: 1757: 1645: 1617: 1235: 1008: 614: 261: 1269:. Late in 1863, the seven-shot Spencer repeating carbine was introduced, but it was rarely deployed. When 1211:, although the primary source for their weapons was whatever could be captured from defeated Union forces. 5506: 5206: 4780: 4370: 4207: 4182: 3714: 3615: 3530: 3270: 3179: 1904: 1502: 1418: 1414: 356: 89: 4616: 1341:

were said to like nothing so well as a chance to use their sabers in combat. In an October 1864 report,

256:) were generally mounted forces. A concept particularly employed by the Confederates, due in part to the 5422: 5322: 4785: 4738: 4648: 4323: 4313: 3759: 3749: 3734: 3684: 3639: 3295: 3280: 3173: 2048: 1998: 1879: 1698:— 20,500 combatants, in 1863, Pleasanton leads the largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war 1391: 1254: 622: 538: 5136: 1742:— masterful cavalry maneuvers brought Confederates close to surrender in the Appomattox Campaign. 1486:, who was a more mature, and arguably more effective, commander. Another Eastern commander of note was 184: 5580: 5432: 5405: 4874: 4653: 4636: 4293: 3934: 3789: 3774: 3769: 3739: 3724: 3704: 3322: 3226: 3110: 1733: 1514: 1396: 1275: 673: 637: 602: 586: 376: 364: 305: 235: 195: 62: 34: 4718: 1663:'s dramatic raid through Mississippi was an integral part of Ulysses S. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign; 5565: 5357: 5246: 5120: 4765: 4465: 4425: 4410: 4303: 4152: 3854: 3824: 3784: 3659: 3620: 3590: 3545: 3505: 3105: 3095: 2651: 1772: 1736:— 9,600 cavalry, in 1864, Pleasanton leads the largest cavalry battle west of the Mississippi 1653: 1593: 1435: 1313: 801: 372: 344: 257: 249: 85: 5653: 1838: 1555: 1455:

of North Carolina went so far as to compare Confederate cavalry operating within his state to the

1174:

being a particular favorite within the Army of the Potomac. Famous Morgan cavalry mounts from the

1081: 5411: 5281: 4807: 4792: 4673: 4631: 4603: 4440: 4405: 4252: 4212: 3729: 3699: 3689: 3565: 3560: 3540: 3535: 3515: 3265: 3168: 3085: 3033: 2837: 2542: 1899: 1869: 1797: 1767: 1717: 1379: 1179: 1175: 1025: 1021: 492: 460: 436: 245: 42: 4385: 1809: 1781: 432: 226:

were forces that moved on horseback but dismounted for fighting on foot, armed principally with

273: 4909: 4511: 4445: 4380: 4283: 4202: 4162: 3764: 3570: 3525: 3140: 2965: 2950: 2935: 2920: 2901: 2882: 2863: 2848: 2826: 2811: 2796: 2781: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1978: 1954: 1944: 1919: 1791: 1660: 1522: 1506: 1491: 1231: 1183: 1164: 488: 428: 387: 348: 310: 253: 100: 2836:

Longacre, Edward G., and Eric J. Wittenberg. Unpublished remarks to the Civil War Institute.

5678: 4521: 4390: 4360: 4355: 4288: 4227: 4222: 4177: 3844: 3679: 3669: 3575: 3555: 3550: 3300: 3290: 3250: 2033: 2023: 2018: 1988: 1924: 1914: 1831: 1825: 1704:— ambitious plan for raid in the Confederate rear foiled by George Stoneman's inaction 1641: 1548: 1526: 1510: 1483: 1456: 1402: 1338: 1262: 1204: 1155: 1037: 1004: 626: 505: 476: 464: 440: 399: 223: 54: 390:

with an effective range of up to 100 yards (91 m). However, during the Civil War, the

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The Bloody Crucible of Courage, Fighting Methods and Combat Experience of the Civil War

2063: 1983: 1894: 1601:, who in February 1863 consolidated the Army of the Potomac's cavalry into a dedicated 1565: 1443: 1300:'s Rangers often carried four each: a pair in their holsters and another pair in their 1293: 1227: 1017: 653: 609:(NCOs) for around a hundred soldiers each. Two troops were further combined to form a 411: 383: 316: 300: 203: 175: 58: 1257:. They were manufactured by several different companies, but the most common were the 80:

had chosen to side with the Confederacy. Notable Confederate cavalry leaders included

5672: 4931: 4531: 4526: 4516: 4491: 4400: 4395: 4237: 4232: 4217: 4187: 4157: 3495: 3120: 2053: 2043: 1993: 1813: 1754:— 16,048 cavalry, in 1864, Sheridan leads largest all-cavalry battle of the war 1598: 1589:

Point along the Potomac River, was 625 acres in size and could handle 30,000 horses.

1452: 1431: 1427: 1375: 1297: 1266: 678: 527: 519: 481: 395: 391: 368: 360: 227: 179: 163: 131: 1543: 234:. Mounted riflemen had been raised previously by the United States to fight in the 5400: 5377: 5367: 5362: 4899: 4841: 4753: 4728: 4641: 4621: 4420: 4318: 2987: 2538: 2073: 1959: 1864: 1846: 1776: 1487: 1258: 1219: 1208: 1171: 1154:, in 1862, saw his troopers march 80 miles (130 km) in 27 hours, while during 1013: 664: 329: 281: 17: 2823:

Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia

565:

as the principal unit of maneuver and training for its cavalry forces. There were

4172: 3210: 3190: 2947:

Glory Enough For All: Sheridan's Second Raid and the Battle of Trevilian Station

2778:

Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac

1939: 1934: 1874: 1785: 1342: 1102: 800:

which consisted of several regiments, and several brigades were combined into a

630: 439:

was a strategic masterpiece that diverted critical Confederate forces away from

337: 296:

At the time of the American Civil War, the cavalry had six major roles to play:

217: 171: 167: 61:

missions to locate the enemy and determine their strength and movement, and for

1822:— 9,300 cavalry, Sheridan battled Early in 1864, in the Shenandoah valley 1644:

to allow him to deploy the cavalry in long-range raids, the first of which, at

1551:; the brass guards on his shoulders were designed to protect against saber cuts 1501:

In the Western Theater, the most fearless, and ruthless, cavalry commander was

504:

When setting up to conduct a charge, cavalry traditionally arrayed itself in a

5555: 4430: 4192: 3393: 3388: 1573: 1442:" which explains away the South's defeat due to the North's industrial might. 1353: 1333: 1106: 510: 497: 50: 2462:

National Archives, RG 92, James A. Ekin to Montgomery Meigs, January 31, 1866

475:

was also deployed out ahead and behind the column, which themselves deployed

4819: 1969: 1909: 1301: 1138: 1134: 1057: 1045: 472: 2534: 1584:

in charge of supplying horses for the entire army. Then in July 1863 the

1362:

were used alongside sabers by a select few cavalry regiments, such as the

1170:

Commanders often tried to procure specific breeds for their men, with the

1032:

In both armies, the cavalry was accompanied by batteries or battalions of

4824: 2737:

Essential Civil War Curriculum: The Evolution of Union Cavalry, 1861-1865

2688: 1465: 1423: 1406:

Sgt. John Richard Whitehead, Company G, 6th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry,

1371: 1348: 1285: 1246: 1142: 1122: 1110: 1065: 1053: 468: 2997: 1324:

were used by cavalrymen on both sides, the most common models being the

1284:, carried by both Northern and Southern cavalry, were usually six-shot 1281: 1250: 1242: 1114: 797: 231: 213: 209: 151: 70: 46: 1834:— John H. Morgan's 1863 raid through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. 3002: 1359: 594: 155: 144: 140: 2962:

The Battle of Brandy Station: North America's Largest Cavalry Battle

363:

effectively employed counter-reconnaissance to screen passes in the

1806:— Sterling Price's 1864 raid in the Trans-Mississippi Theater 1760:— J.E.B. Stuart killed in action by Philip Sheridan's cavalry 1837: 1611: 1542: 1401: 1321: 1307: 1215: 1193: 1093: 1080: 1061: 1049: 814: 545: 537: 450: 406:

which was broken up with an abundance of woodlands and farmlands.

287: 272: 159: 122: 28: 2898:

The War in the East from Gettysburg to Appomattox 1863–1865

2655: 1374:

times, but had been rendered obsolete since the invention of the

379:, one of the principal reasons for the Confederate defeat there. 2845:

The UnCivil War: Irregular Warfare in the Upper South, 1861-1865

1775:— numerous cavalry actions in Robert E. Lee's invasion of 1198:

Union cavalryman A.J. Blue armed with three pistols and a sword.

1118: 522:

to assault the enemy's position, particularly if armed with new

5622:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

5167: 4556: 4120: 3343: 3044: 3006: 1828:— James H. Wilson's 1865 raid through Alabama and Georgia 1121:

strictly prohibited outside absolute military emergency, while

103:'s brilliant deception tactics in the Mississippi valley, and 2993:

1st Maine Cavalry Federal Cavalry living history organization

2932:

The Confederacy's Greatest Cavalryman: Nathan Bedford Forrest

1226:. In perhaps the most famous example of the latter, Colonel 292:

An advance of the cavalry skirmish line (Edwin Forbes, 1876).

154:

were forces that fought principally on horseback, armed with

1858: 1609:. Similar developments played out with other Union armies. 1438:

has referred to such a broad generalization as a part of a "

343:

Reconnaissance and screening were crucial components in the

2998:

10th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry living history organization

1748:— James H. Wilson's massive raid into Alabama in 1865 49:

on both sides of the conflict. They were vital to both the

174:), whose primary role was on the battlefield conducting a 1794:— J.E.B. Stuart's second ride around the Union army 1788:

in conjunction with Ulysses S. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign

1092:

The principal item of equipment for a cavalryman was the

340:

only increased their information-gathering capabilities.

2919:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. 2900:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. 2881:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. 1490:, the "Black Knight of the Confederacy", who commanded 1417:

was, on average, considered a superior horseman to his

1117:

were preferred for cavalry horses with the purchase of

2992: 2741:

Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech

84:, famed for literally riding rings around the Union's 2769:

Gerleman, David J. "Warhorse! Union Cavalry Mounts."

1710:— the first large cavalry engagement of the war 1312:

Saber duel between Union and Confederate cavalrymen (

1274:

Sharps and produce copies of these since their linen

1068:) was forage for its 22,493 horses and 10,392 mules. 1378:(hollow-base bullet) for rifled muskets. During the 1101:

defects such as shallow breathing, deformed hooves,

162:. Historically there had been two types of cavalry: 5614: 5499: 5441: 5386: 5295: 5184: 5097: 5076: 5034: 5006: 4997: 4850: 4602: 4567: 4474: 4343: 4336: 4276: 4140: 4133: 4058: 3805: 3798: 3629: 3485: 3444: 3412: 3379: 3372: 3236: 3154: 3055: 1730:'s repulse of Forrest probably saved the Union army 1473:The first prominent Confederate cavalry leader was 1003:Starting at the regimental level, commanders had a 589:regiments. They were similarly organized with ten 69:behind enemy lines, escorting senior officers, and 1800:— Stuart's first ride around the Union army 5308:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 107:'s aggressive movements while in command of the 2862:. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2003. 2810:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1995. 2795:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986. 1812:— 1863 raid across Alabama in which Col. 1714:Battle of Gettysburg, Third Day cavalry battles 5132:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 2934:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992. 2879:From Fort Sumter to Gettysburg 1861–1863 2847:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. 2773:Vol. 2, No. 2, (January 1999), pp. 47–61. 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2296: 2294: 1513:. In the Eastern Theater, the Partisan Ranger 613:for five total. A regiment was commanded by a 3018: 2316:Griffith, P. (2001) p. 182-183 8: 5684:Military equipment of the American Civil War 2988:Brandy Station: The Action on Fleetwood Hill 2825:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. 2780:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000. 2596: 2594: 2475:. Orange, VA: Publisher’s Press, Inc., 2001. 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 1854:Notable cavalry leaders and partisan rangers 804:. Brigades and divisions were commanded by 92:, who caused havoc with Union supply lines. 2964:. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2010. 2675: 2673: 2553: 2551: 2413: 2411: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2212: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 1559:Union Cavalry capture Confederate artillery 5689:Military history of the American Civil War 5181: 5164: 5003: 4564: 4553: 4340: 4137: 4130: 4117: 3802: 3376: 3369: 3340: 3052: 3041: 3025: 3011: 3003: 2757:. South Brunswick, NJ: A. S. Barnes, 1975. 2275: 2273: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 557:The United States Army (known also as the 278:Cavalry orderly, Rappahannock Station, Va. 2949:. Washington, DC: Brassey's, Inc., 2001. 2808:General John Buford: A Military Biography 2638:"The Only Lancer Charge in the Civil War" 2145: 2143: 2141: 1024:authorized to assist in carrying out the 629:which operated as part of the regimental 3221:Treatment of slaves in the United States 2579:. Lincoln, RI: Andrew Mowbray Inc, 1996. 1766:— unsuccessful Union raid against 1554: 1534:Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia 1390: 1036:where possible. They also had their own 906: 819: 736: 683: 236:frequent conflicts with Native Americans 212:were hybrid forces that were armed with 4964:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3136:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2525:. Fairfax, Va.: SCS Publications, 2003. 2473:Confederate Saddles and Horse Equipment 2092: 1547:A Union cavalry soldier with saber and 128:Cavalry Soldier with Sword on Horseback 4949:Modern display of the Confederate flag 2577:Carbines of the U.S. Cavalry 1861–1905 1816:surrendered 1,500 men to Forrest's 400 1640:, Sheridan convinced General-in-Chief 3146:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 1687:Significant cavalry battles and raids 467:of horsemen to protect the flanks. A 455:Capt. James S. West, C.S.A. (Cavalry) 7: 2523:Horse Equipment of the Civil War Era 2503:O.R. Series I, vol. XXIX, pt. 2, 423 2453:United States Army Logistics, p. 205 561:) before the Civil War utilized the 347:, where cavalry under Union General 5303:Committee on the Conduct of the War 4979:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2917:The War in the West 1861–1865 1498:; he was killed in battle in 1862. 351:attempted to find the wide-ranging 111:at the end of the war in Virginia. 5373:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 4712:impeachment managers investigation 3091:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 2913:The Union Cavalry in the Civil War 2894:The Union Cavalry in the Civil War 2875:The Union Cavalry in the Civil War 1482:death in 1864, he was replaced by 25: 4798:Reconstruction military districts 3246:Abolitionism in the United States 3201:Plantations in the American South 3116:Origins of the American Civil War 1249:. Most carbines were .52- or .56- 5652: 5643: 5642: 4781:Enforcement Act of February 1871 4754:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 1784:— long-range raid through 542:U.S. Army cavalry sergeant, 1866 459:Cavalry typically traveled in a 359:, and Confederate cavalry under 5566:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5428:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 4989:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 1716:— East Cavalry Field and 1656:, in pursuit of Robert E. Lee. 1288:, in .36- or .44-caliber, from 597:), each company commanded by a 4669:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2983:Maps: Battle of Brandy Station 2754:Mounted Raids of the Civil War 1843:Cavalry fight at Yellow Tavern 1671:and in his 1865 Alabama raid. 1477:, who achieved success in the 1326:Model 1860 Light Cavalry Saber 484:measured thirteen miles long. 1: 5084:Ladies' Memorial Associations 4786:Enforcement Act of April 1871 4682:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 1408:Pittsylvania County, Virginia 1370:. Lances had been used since 1007:of officers to help with the 669:7th Virginia Cavalry Regiment 194:), which were more suited to 33:Sheridan leads the charge at 5217:Confederate revolving cannon 4959:Sons of Confederate Veterans 4830:South Carolina riots of 1876 4808:Indian Council at Fort Smith 4759:South Carolina riots of 1876 4724:Knights of the White Camelia 3216:Slavery in the United States 2708:O.R. Series III, vol II, 381 579:Regiment of Mounted Riflemen 5571:New York City riots of 1863 5396:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5147:United Confederate Veterans 4984:Children of the Confederacy 4974:United Confederate Veterans 4969:Southern Historical Society 3601:Price's Missouri Expedition 3071:Timeline leading to the War 2354:Griffith (2001), p. 184-185 2300:Griffith (2001), p. 181-182 1752:Battle of Trevilian Station 1669:Franklin-Nashville Campaign 1440:tired, overly-familiar myth 1354:use the buttstock as a club 765:Regiments (Volunteer Army) 37:(Frederick Phisterer, 1912) 5705: 5539:Confederate Secret Service 5127:Grand Army of the Republic 5019:Grand Army of the Republic 4837:Southern Claims Commission 1950:William E. "Grumble" Jones 1820:Third Battle of Winchester 1702:Battle of Chancellorsville 1679: 1676:Cavalry Corps (Union Army) 1673: 1605:under a single commander, 1531: 1222:while others employed new 1152:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 425:Battle of Chancellorsville 5638: 5527:Confederate States dollar 5338:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5333:Emancipation Proclamation 5227:Medal of Honor recipients 5180: 5163: 5115:Confederate Memorial Hall 4917:Confederate Memorial Hall 4890:Confederate History Month 4870:Civil War Discovery Trail 4771:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 4577:Reconstruction Amendments 4563: 4552: 4129: 4116: 3368: 3339: 3186:Emancipation Proclamation 3051: 3040: 2793:The Cavalry at Gettysburg 2325:Urwin (2003), p. 120, 129 2167:Guelzo (2012), p. 259-262 1682:U.S. Army Remount Service 1519:Trans-Mississippi Theater 1494:'s cavalry forces in the 1161:York County, Pennsylvania 796:Above the regiment was a 757:Regiments (Regular Army) 607:non-commissioned officers 353:Army of Northern Virginia 5601:U.S. Sanitary Commission 5512:Battlefield preservation 5418:Marching Through Georgia 5343:Hampton Roads Conference 5318:Confiscation Act of 1862 5313:Confiscation Act of 1861 5089:U.S. national cemeteries 4895:Confederate Memorial Day 4880:Civil War Trails Program 4749:New Orleans riot of 1866 2771:North and South Magazine 2658:. Accessed 11 July 2011. 2557:Urwin (2003), p. 113-114 2345:Coggins (2004), p. 51-52 1740:Battle of Sailor's Creek 1696:Battle of Brandy Station 1650:Valley Campaigns of 1864 1626:Battle of Brandy Station 1616:Union cavalry charge at 1582:Quartermaster Department 1479:First Battle of Bull Run 1368:6th Pennsylvania Cavalry 1330:Model 1840 Cavalry Saber 1236:Spencer repeating rifles 646:United States Volunteers 569:of mounted soldier: the 553:, by William L. Sheppard 97:Battle of Brandy Station 5522:Confederate war finance 5142:Southern Cross of Honor 5110:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5105:1913 Gettysburg reunion 4803:Reconstruction Treaties 4776:Enforcement Act of 1870 4659:Freedman's Savings Bank 3276:Lane Debates on Slavery 3101:Lincoln–Douglas debates 2288:Griffith (2001), p. 121 1890:George Armstrong Custer 1885:Philip St. George Cooke 1758:Battle of Yellow Tavern 1708:Battle of Gaines's Mill 677:new units as a form of 636:When a sixth regiment ( 601:with a number of other 355:on its invasion of the 262:double-barreled shotgun 119:Types of mounted forces 5581:Richmond riots of 1863 5507:Baltimore riot of 1861 5287:U.S. Military Railroad 5207:Confederate Home Guard 4939:Historiographic issues 4905:Historical reenactment 3404:Revenue Cutter Service 3271:William Lloyd Garrison 3180:Dred Scott v. Sandford 2735:Laurence D. Schiller. 2650:Hamner, Christopher. " 1905:Nathan Bedford Forrest 1850: 1667:was invaluable in the 1621: 1592:Early in the war, the 1560: 1552: 1503:Nathan Bedford Forrest 1447:government property." 1410: 1399: 1317: 1255:breech-loading weapons 1199: 1089: 889:Regiments per brigade 872:Brigades per division 720:Battalions (separate) 554: 551:Confederate Cavalryman 543: 456: 371:'s movements from the 293: 285: 135: 109:Army of the Shenandoah 90:Nathan Bedford Forrest 47:horse-mounted soldiers 38: 5546:Great Revival of 1863 5423:Maryland, My Maryland 5212:Confederate railroads 4875:Civil War Roundtables 4744:Meridian riot of 1871 4739:Memphis riots of 1866 3296:George Luther Stearns 3281:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3174:Crittenden Compromise 2667:Coggins (2012), p. 47 2600:Coggins (2004), p. 54 2204:Coggins (2004), p. 50 2049:Alfred Thomas Torbert 2024:Joseph O. "Jo" Shelby 1880:Louis Henry Carpenter 1841: 1680:Further information: 1674:Further information: 1615: 1558: 1546: 1532:Further information: 1405: 1394: 1311: 1230:equipped the entire " 1197: 1084: 1040:of supply wagons and 728:Companies (separate) 667:for example grew his 549: 541: 491:duty would set up an 454: 291: 276: 126: 45:saw extensive use of 32: 5433:Daar kom die Alibama 5348:National Union Party 5024:memorials to Lincoln 4944:Lost Cause mythology 4649:Eufaula riot of 1874 4637:Confederate refugees 3850:District of Columbia 3477:Union naval blockade 3323:Underground Railroad 3111:Nullification crisis 2960:Wittenberg, Eric J. 2945:Wittenberg, Eric J. 2930:Wills, Brian Steel. 2821:Longacre, Edward G. 2806:Longacre, Edward G. 2791:Longacre, Edward G. 2776:Longacre, Edward G. 2717:Urwin (2003), p. 107 2679:Urwin (2003), p. 117 2435:Gudmens (2005), p. 7 1734:Battle of Mine Creek 1515:John Singleton Mosby 1428:Southern aristocracy 1397:1st Virginia Cavalry 1186:'s "Little Sorrel". 1088:(Edwin Forbes, 1863) 855:Divisions per corps 674:Battle of Five Forks 377:Battle of Gettysburg 365:Blue Ridge Mountains 5591:Supreme Court cases 5358:Radical Republicans 5137:Old soldiers' homes 5121:Confederate Veteran 5047:artworks in Capitol 4766:Reconstruction acts 4627:Colfax riot of 1873 3591:Richmond-Petersburg 3196:Fugitive slave laws 3126:Popular sovereignty 3106:Missouri Compromise 3096:Kansas-Nebraska Act 2656:Teachinghistory.org 1965:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee 1773:Gettysburg Campaign 1654:Appomattox Campaign 1594:Army of the Potomac 1436:Gregory J. W. Urwin 1426:culture within the 1387:Confederate cavalry 1314:William B. T. Trego 938: 851: 753: 700: 679:political patronage 518:troopers would use 487:A cavalry force on 410:ended in failure. 373:Army of the Potomac 345:Gettysburg Campaign 322:Headquarters duties 258:Partisan Ranger Act 86:Army of the Potomac 18:Confederate Cavalry 5412:A Lincoln Portrait 5353:Politicians killed 5277:U.S. Balloon Corps 5272:Union corps badges 5052:memorials to Davis 4922:Disenfranchisement 4793:Reconstruction era 4674:Timber Culture Act 4632:Compromise of 1877 3596:Franklin–Nashville 3266:Frederick Douglass 3169:Cornerstone Speech 3086:Compromise of 1850 3034:American Civil War 2911:Starr, Stephen Z. 2892:Starr, Stephen Z. 2873:Starr, Stephen Z. 2858:Nosworthy, Brent. 2843:Mackey, Robert R. 2838:Gettysburg College 2543:Philip H. Sheridan 2521:Crouch, Howard R. 1900:Elon J. Farnsworth 1870:William W. Averell 1851: 1798:Peninsula Campaign 1724:Battle of Franklin 1622: 1561: 1553: 1529:became prominent. 1411: 1400: 1380:Battle of Valverde 1318: 1200: 1090: 1056:), of which 411.9 1022:enlisted personnel 936: 849: 806:brigadier generals 751: 698: 619:lieutenant colonel 555: 544: 457: 437:Vicksburg Campaign 294: 286: 185:chasseurs à cheval 136: 43:American Civil War 39: 5666: 5665: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5464:Italian Americans 5449:African Americans 5406:John Brown's Body 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5072: 5071: 4910:Robert E. Lee Day 4654:Freedmen's Bureau 4617:Brooks–Baxter War 4548: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4332: 4331: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4104: 4103: 3521:Northern Virginia 3467:Trans-Mississippi 3440: 3439: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3227:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3164:African Americans 2970:978-1-59629-782-1 2925:978-0-8071-3293-7 2906:978-0-8071-3292-0 2887:978-0-8071-3291-3 2751:Edward Longacre. 2575:McAulay, John D. 2535:Pedigree of Reinz 2084: 2083: 2014:Beverly Robertson 2009:William Quantrill 2004:Alfred Pleasonton 1979:John S. Marmaduke 1955:Judson Kilpatrick 1945:Albert G. Jenkins 1920:Benjamin Grierson 1792:Maryland Campaign 1661:Benjamin Grierson 1549:Lefaucheux pistol 1523:John S. Marmaduke 1507:Army of Tennessee 1492:Stonewall Jackson 1430:which emphasized 1364:5th Texas Cavalry 1234:" with brand-new 1232:Lightning Brigade 1205:flintlock muskets 1184:Stonewall Jackson 1165:Battle of Hanover 1001: 1000: 935: 905: 904: 850:Confederate Army 848: 794: 793: 750: 735: 734: 699:Confederate Army 697: 625:) and included a 429:Benjamin Grierson 388:smoothbore musket 349:Alfred Pleasonton 246:Irregular cavalry 101:Benjamin Grierson 71:carrying messages 16:(Redirected from 5696: 5656: 5646: 5645: 5469:Native Americans 5454:German Americans 5247:Partisan rangers 5242:Official Records 5182: 5165: 5057:memorials to Lee 5004: 4565: 4554: 4341: 4138: 4131: 4118: 4091:Washington, D.C. 3885:Indian Territory 3845:Dakota Territory 3803: 3720:Chancellorsville 3511:Jackson's Valley 3501:Blockade runners 3377: 3370: 3341: 3301:Thaddeus Stevens 3291:Lysander Spooner 3251:Susan B. Anthony 3053: 3042: 3027: 3020: 3013: 3004: 2758: 2749: 2743: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2546: 2541:used by General 2532: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2375: 2372: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2314: 2301: 2298: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2217: 2214: 2205: 2202: 2191: 2188: 2182: 2179: 2168: 2165: 2150: 2147: 2136: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2111: 2108: 2034:David S. Stanley 2019:Thomas L. Rosser 1989:John Hunt Morgan 1915:David McM. Gregg 1859: 1642:Ulysses S. Grant 1511:John Hunt Morgan 1457:Plagues of Egypt 1339:Wade Hampton III 1263:Burnside carbine 1224:repeating rifles 1163:, following the 1042:traveling forges 939: 907: 852: 820: 754: 737: 701: 684: 524:repeating rifles 441:Ulysses S. Grant 400:mounted infantry 224:Mounted infantry 55:Confederate Army 21: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5662: 5626: 5610: 5495: 5459:Irish Americans 5437: 5382: 5291: 5282:U.S. Home Guard 5222:Field artillery 5176: 5175: 5151: 5093: 5068: 5030: 4999: 4993: 4885:Civil War Trust 4852: 4846: 4734:Ethnic violence 4719:Kirk–Holden war 4598: 4559: 4536: 4470: 4328: 4272: 4125: 4100: 4054: 3807: 3794: 3625: 3606:Sherman's March 3586:Bermuda Hundred 3481: 3436: 3408: 3364: 3363: 3327: 3286:J. Sella Martin 3256:James G. Birney 3232: 3150: 3076:Bleeding Kansas 3064: 3047: 3036: 3031: 2979: 2766: 2764:Further reading 2761: 2750: 2746: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2649: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2533: 2529: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2378: 2373: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2220: 2215: 2208: 2203: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2171: 2166: 2153: 2148: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2114: 2109: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2069:James H. Wilson 2059:John A. Wharton 2039:George Stoneman 2029:Philip Sheridan 1930:John D. Imboden 1856: 1810:Streight's Raid 1782:Grierson's Raid 1764:Dahlgren's Raid 1746:Battle of Selma 1728:James H. Wilson 1689: 1684: 1678: 1665:James H. Wilson 1638:George G. Meade 1633:Philip Sheridan 1607:George Stoneman 1541: 1536: 1496:Valley Campaign 1475:J. E. B. Stuart 1389: 1271:James H. Wilson 1192: 1079: 1074: 1034:horse artillery 617:(assisted by a 593:(later renamed 577:regiments, the 536: 449: 423:'s raid in the 421:George Stoneman 404:Eastern Theater 271: 240:Western Theater 230:, pistols, and 121: 105:Philip Sheridan 82:J. E. B. Stuart 57:for conducting 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5702: 5700: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5671: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5650: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5608: 5606:Women soldiers 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5561:Naming the war 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5197:Campaign Medal 5194: 5188: 5186: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5172:Related topics 5169: 5168: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5010: 5008: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4919: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4900:Decoration Day 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4856: 4854: 4853:Reconstruction 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4707:second inquiry 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4664:Homestead Acts 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4612:Alabama Claims 4608: 4606: 4604:Reconstruction 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4592:15th Amendment 4589: 4587:14th Amendment 4584: 4582:13th Amendment 4573: 4571: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4213:J. E. Johnston 4210: 4208:A. S. Johnston 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4148:R. H. Anderson 4144: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4010:South Carolina 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3985:North Carolina 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3811: 3809: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3710:Fredericksburg 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3650:Wilson's Creek 3647: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3462:Lower Seaboard 3459: 3454: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3374: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3318:Harriet Tubman 3315: 3314: 3313: 3306:Charles Sumner 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3230: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3141:States' rights 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3056: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3029: 3022: 3015: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2977:External links 2975: 2974: 2973: 2958: 2943: 2928: 2909: 2890: 2871: 2856: 2841: 2834: 2819: 2804: 2789: 2774: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2744: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2681: 2669: 2660: 2643: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2590: 2581: 2568: 2559: 2547: 2527: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2477: 2471:Knopp, Ken R. 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2426:Eicher, p. 73. 2419: 2407: 2398: 2376: 2356: 2347: 2327: 2318: 2302: 2290: 2281: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2218: 2206: 2192: 2183: 2169: 2151: 2137: 2128: 2112: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2064:Joseph Wheeler 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1984:Wesley Merritt 1981: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1895:Ulric Dahlgren 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1721: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1688: 1685: 1586:Cavalry Bureau 1566:Western Europe 1540: 1537: 1444:Paddy Griffith 1388: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1357: 1346: 1306: 1305: 1279: 1253:, single-shot 1240: 1228:John T. Wilder 1191: 1188: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1018:chief of staff 1009:administration 999: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 979: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 959: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 934: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 903: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 886: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 869: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 847: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 810:major generals 792: 791: 788: 781: 780: 777: 770: 769: 766: 762: 761: 758: 749: 748: 743: 733: 732: 729: 725: 724: 721: 717: 716: 713: 709: 708: 705: 696: 695: 690: 567:five regiments 535: 532: 520:weight of fire 496:out. Constant 448: 445: 412:Paddy Griffith 333: 332: 323: 320: 314: 308: 303: 301:Reconnaissance 270: 267: 266: 265: 243: 221: 207: 204:reconnaissance 176:cavalry charge 120: 117: 59:reconnaissance 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5701: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5576:Photographers 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5551:Gender issues 5549: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5378:War Democrats 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5368:Union Leagues 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5267:Turning point 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5237:Naval battles 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5000:and memorials 4996: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4860:Commemoration 4858: 4857: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4702:first inquiry 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4622:Carpetbaggers 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4551: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4115: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4045:West Virginia 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3965:New Hampshire 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3925:Massachusetts 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3665:Hampton Roads 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3655:Fort Donelson 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3551:Morgan's Raid 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3496:Anaconda Plan 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3472:Pacific Coast 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206:Positive good 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3121:Panic of 1857 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3081:Border states 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3009: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2955:1-57488-468-9 2952: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2940:0-7006-0885-0 2937: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2868:0-7867-1147-7 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2853:0-8061-3624-3 2850: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2831:0-8117-0898-5 2828: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2816:0-938289-46-2 2813: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2801:0-8032-7941-8 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2786:0-8117-1049-1 2783: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2652:Union Cavalry 2647: 2644: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2054:Earl Van Dorn 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2044:J.E.B. Stuart 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1994:John S. Mosby 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1833: 1832:Morgan's Raid 1830: 1827: 1826:Wilson's Raid 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1814:Abel Streight 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1686: 1683: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1646:Yellow Tavern 1643: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1619: 1618:Honey Springs 1614: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1603:Cavalry Corps 1600: 1599:Joseph Hooker 1595: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1557: 1550: 1545: 1539:Union cavalry 1538: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1453:Zebulon Vance 1448: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432:equestrianism 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1393: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1303: 1299: 1298:John S. Mosby 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1267:Smith carbine 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220:rifle muskets 1217: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1196: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1182:"Rienzi" and 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1156:Morgan's Raid 1153: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1087: 1086:Cavalry Horse 1083: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1014:aides-de-camp 1010: 1006: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 980: 976: 973: 970: 967: 965:per division 964: 961: 960: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 940: 932: 931:Most frequent 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 887: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 870: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 853: 845: 844:Most frequent 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 818: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 789: 786: 783: 782: 778: 775: 772: 771: 767: 764: 763: 759: 756: 755: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 730: 727: 726: 722: 719: 718: 714: 711: 710: 706: 703: 702: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 682: 680: 675: 670: 666: 661: 659: 655: 650: 647: 643: 639: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 552: 548: 540: 533: 531: 529: 525: 521: 515: 512: 507: 502: 499: 494: 490: 485: 483: 482:Yellow Tavern 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 453: 446: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 416: 413: 407: 405: 401: 397: 396:shock tactics 393: 392:rifled musket 389: 385: 380: 378: 374: 370: 369:Robert E. Lee 366: 362: 361:J.E.B. Stuart 358: 354: 350: 346: 341: 339: 338:field glasses 331: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 297: 290: 283: 279: 275: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 244: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 222: 219: 215: 211: 208: 205: 201: 197: 193: 192: 187: 186: 181: 180:light cavalry 177: 173: 169: 165: 164:heavy cavalry 161: 157: 153: 150: 149: 148: 146: 142: 133: 132:Winslow Homer 129: 125: 118: 116: 112: 110: 106: 102: 98: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 36: 31: 27: 19: 5517:Bibliography 5500:Other topics 5442:By ethnicity 5410: 5363:Trent Affair 5262:Signal Corps 5201: 5119: 4842:White League 4729:Ku Klux Klan 4642:Confederados 4569:Constitution 4441:D. D. Porter 4294:Breckinridge 4005:Rhode Island 4000:Pennsylvania 3755:Spotsylvania 3715:Stones River 3695:2nd Bull Run 3645:1st Bull Run 3531:Stones River 3432:Marine Corps 3399:Marine Corps 3238:Abolitionism 3225: 3178: 2961: 2946: 2931: 2916: 2912: 2897: 2893: 2878: 2874: 2859: 2844: 2840:, June 2005. 2822: 2807: 2792: 2777: 2770: 2753: 2747: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2684: 2663: 2646: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2584: 2576: 2571: 2562: 2539:Morgan horse 2530: 2522: 2517: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2480: 2472: 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2401: 2350: 2321: 2284: 2263: 2254: 2245: 2186: 2131: 2078: 2074:Cole Younger 1960:Fitzhugh Lee 1925:Wade Hampton 1865:Turner Ashby 1847:Edwin Forbes 1804:Price's Raid 1777:Pennsylvania 1718:Farnsworth's 1690: 1658: 1630: 1623: 1620:, July 1863. 1591: 1578: 1570: 1562: 1500: 1488:Turner Ashby 1484:Wade Hampton 1472: 1464: 1461: 1449: 1434:. Historian 1412: 1259:Sharps rifle 1209:Bowie knives 1201: 1169: 1148: 1131: 1127: 1099: 1091: 1085: 1060:(373.7 1048:(605.5 1031: 1002: 985:per brigade 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 795: 745: 740: 692: 687: 665:Turner Ashby 662: 651: 635: 631:headquarters 603:commissioned 559:Regular Army 556: 550: 534:Organization 516: 503: 486: 458: 417: 408: 381: 342: 334: 330:Interdiction 295: 282:Edwin Forbes 277: 191:chevau-léger 189: 183: 137: 127: 113: 94: 78:Regular Army 75: 40: 26: 5323:Copperheads 5035:Confederate 4927:Black Codes 4253:E. K. Smith 4134:Confederate 4081:New Orleans 4076:Chattanooga 3940:Mississippi 3840:Connecticut 3808:territories 3799:Involvement 3760:Cold Harbor 3750:Fort Pillow 3740:Chattanooga 3735:Chickamauga 3685:Seven Pines 3675:New Orleans 3640:Fort Sumter 3581:Valley 1864 3414:Confederacy 3211:Slave Power 3191:Fire-Eaters 2537:, a famous 1999:John Pelham 1940:Frank James 1935:Jesse James 1875:John Buford 1786:Mississippi 1527:"Jo" Shelby 1343:Jubal Early 1139:grease heel 937:Union Army 787:(separate) 776:(separate) 752:Union Army 638:3rd Cavalry 587:2nd cavalry 575:2nd dragoon 511:skirmishers 218:French Army 172:cuirassiers 168:carabiniers 5673:Categories 5556:Juneteenth 5077:Cemeteries 4954:Red Shirts 4865:Centennial 4815:Red Shirts 4223:Longstreet 4153:Beauregard 4096:Winchester 4071:Charleston 4040:Washington 3975:New Mexico 3970:New Jersey 3830:California 3806:States and 3790:Five Forks 3775:Mobile Bay 3745:Wilderness 3725:Gettysburg 3705:Perryville 3690:Seven Days 3621:Appomattox 3546:Gettysburg 3506:New Mexico 3373:Combatants 3348:Combatants 3261:John Brown 2915:. Vol. 3, 2896:. Vol. 2, 2877:. Vol. 1, 2088:References 1574:West Point 1419:Northerner 1415:Southerner 1395:Sketch of 1376:Minié ball 1276:cartridges 1265:, and the 1180:Sheridan's 1107:bog spavin 1058:short tons 1046:short tons 1026:logistical 945:per corps 774:Battalions 704:Regiments 621:and three 581:, and the 254:guerrillas 51:Union Army 35:Five Forks 5534:Espionage 5328:Diplomacy 5296:Political 5252:POW camps 4998:Monuments 4825:Scalawags 4820:Redeemers 4558:Aftermath 4507:Pinkerton 4446:Rosecrans 4411:McClellan 4314:Memminger 4050:Wisconsin 4015:Tennessee 3935:Minnesota 3910:Louisiana 3785:Nashville 3730:Vicksburg 3660:Pea Ridge 3611:Carolinas 3566:Red River 3561:Knoxville 3541:Tullahoma 3536:Vicksburg 3516:Peninsula 3488:campaigns 3354:Campaigns 3131:Secession 1970:Lot Smith 1910:Lot Smith 1631:In 1864, 1302:saddlebag 1294:Remington 1286:revolvers 1247:long guns 1178:included 1176:Civil War 1135:strangles 1123:stallions 1072:Equipment 1066:long tons 1054:long tons 983:Regiments 943:Divisions 911:Unit type 824:Unit type 785:Companies 642:battalion 591:companies 473:rearguard 443:'s army. 367:and hide 319:the enemy 317:Attacking 306:Screening 250:partisans 248:(such as 196:screening 182:(such as 166:(such as 63:screening 5648:Category 5489:Seminole 5479:Cherokee 5232:Medicine 5185:Military 5098:Veterans 4932:Jim Crow 4697:timeline 4492:Ericsson 4475:Civilian 4456:Sheridan 4416:McDowell 4376:Farragut 4361:Burnside 4351:Anderson 4344:Military 4324:Stephens 4284:Benjamin 4277:Civilian 4163:Buchanan 4141:Military 4086:Richmond 4035:Virginia 3980:New York 3955:Nebraska 3945:Missouri 3930:Michigan 3920:Maryland 3905:Kentucky 3880:Illinois 3855:Delaware 3835:Colorado 3820:Arkansas 3780:Franklin 3700:Antietam 3571:Overland 3526:Maryland 3445:Theaters 3351:Theaters 1768:Richmond 1726:— 1652:and the 1466:per diem 1424:cavalier 1372:medieval 1366:and the 1349:Shotguns 1243:Carbines 1190:Weaponry 1143:glanders 1115:Geldings 1111:ringbone 1064:; 367.8 1052:; 596.0 963:Brigades 802:division 712:Legions 654:privates 611:squadron 563:regiment 528:all-arms 477:vedettes 469:vanguard 384:charging 313:security 232:bayonets 214:carbines 210:Dragoons 5679:Cavalry 5615:Related 5484:Choctaw 5474:Catawba 5257:Rations 5202:Cavalry 5064:Removal 4692:efforts 4676:of 1873 4522:Stevens 4517:Stanton 4502:Lincoln 4461:Sherman 4396:Halleck 4386:Frémont 4371:Du Pont 4309:Mallory 4268:Wheeler 4203:Jackson 4183:Forrest 4123:Leaders 4066:Atlanta 4030:Vermont 3950:Montana 3890:Indiana 3865:Georgia 3860:Florida 3825:Arizona 3815:Alabama 3765:Atlanta 3680:Corinth 3632:battles 3576:Atlanta 3556:Bristoe 3457:Western 3452:Eastern 3357:Battles 3156:Slavery 3060:Origins 3046:Origins 1316:, 1887) 1282:Pistols 1251:caliber 1239:though. 926:Average 839:Average 798:brigade 615:colonel 599:captain 498:patrols 493:outpost 447:Tactics 435:in the 326:Raiding 284:, 1864) 200:raiding 156:pistols 152:Cavalry 145:lancers 141:hussars 134:, 1863) 67:raiding 5658:Portal 5596:Tokens 4532:Welles 4512:Seward 4497:Hamlin 4466:Thomas 4401:Hooker 4366:Butler 4319:Seddon 4304:Hunter 4289:Bocock 4263:Taylor 4258:Stuart 4248:Semmes 4228:Morgan 4188:Gorgas 4168:Cooper 4059:Cities 3995:Oregon 3960:Nevada 3900:Kansas 3870:Hawaii 3770:Crater 3670:Shiloh 3630:Major 3616:Mobile 3486:Major 3360:States 3311:Caning 2968: 2953: 2938: 2923: 2904: 2885: 2866: 2851: 2829: 2814: 2799: 2784: 2079: 1720:Charge 1360:Lances 1322:Sabers 1261:, the 1216:Rifles 1172:Morgan 1141:, and 1077:Horses 1016:and a 746:Number 693:Number 658:legion 623:majors 595:troops 489:picket 461:column 228:rifles 202:, and 178:, and 160:sabers 88:, and 5401:Dixie 5388:Music 5007:Union 4851:Post- 4687:trial 4487:Chase 4482:Adams 4451:Scott 4426:Meigs 4421:Meade 4391:Grant 4381:Foote 4356:Buell 4337:Union 4299:Davis 4243:Price 4233:Mosby 4178:Ewell 4173:Early 4158:Bragg 4020:Texas 3915:Maine 3875:Idaho 3381:Union 2485:1999) 1845:, by 1119:mares 1109:, or 1094:horse 1038:train 1005:staff 994:3.90 974:2.55 954:2.92 898:4.21 881:2.81 864:2.43 815:corps 627:staff 465:files 357:North 311:Flank 269:Roles 5586:Salt 5192:Arms 5042:List 5014:List 4527:Wade 4436:Pope 4406:Hunt 4238:Polk 4198:Hood 4193:Hill 4025:Utah 3990:Ohio 3895:Iowa 3427:Navy 3422:Army 3394:Navy 3389:Army 2966:ISBN 2951:ISBN 2936:ISBN 2921:ISBN 2902:ISBN 2883:ISBN 2864:ISBN 2849:ISBN 2827:ISBN 2812:ISBN 2797:ISBN 2782:ISBN 1525:and 1334:spit 1328:and 1290:Colt 1207:and 1105:and 1103:bone 921:High 834:High 808:and 768:266 741:Unit 731:101 723:143 707:137 688:Unit 605:and 585:and 573:and 506:line 471:and 433:raid 252:and 188:and 170:and 158:and 143:and 95:The 53:and 41:The 4431:Ord 4218:Lee 2654:." 1292:or 916:Low 829:Low 790:78 779:45 583:1st 571:1st 431:'s 5675:: 2739:, 2672:^ 2593:^ 2550:^ 2410:^ 2379:^ 2359:^ 2330:^ 2305:^ 2293:^ 2272:^ 2221:^ 2209:^ 2195:^ 2172:^ 2154:^ 2140:^ 2115:^ 2095:^ 1521:, 1509:, 1459:. 1413:A 1137:, 1113:. 997:4 991:8 988:2 977:2 971:6 968:2 957:3 951:6 948:2 901:4 895:8 892:2 884:2 878:7 875:2 867:2 861:3 858:2 760:6 715:1 633:. 198:, 73:. 3026:e 3019:t 3012:v 2972:. 2957:. 2942:. 2927:. 2908:. 2889:. 2870:. 2855:. 2833:. 2818:. 2803:. 2788:. 2640:. 2545:. 1849:. 1356:. 1304:. 1062:t 1050:t 328:/ 280:( 264:. 242:. 130:( 20:)

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Knowledge

Cavalry in the American Civil War

Index