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Conflict Armament Research

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99:(CAR) is a UK-based investigative organization that tracks the supply of conventional weapons, ammunition, and related military materiel (such as IEDs) into conflict-affected areas. Established in 2011, CAR specializes in working with governments to find out how weapons end up in war zones, and in the hands of terrorists and insurgent groups. 310:
African conflicts, especially in South Sudan. 5% of the documented weapons that were found by the Car investigation team in South Sudan were Israeli made, and had markings on the weapons that were labeled ISB and NSS, which indicates that they were originally intended for the International Security Bureau of the National Security Service.
337:. The weapons that were documented were Russian manufactured SA-7b MANPADS, North Korean manufactured 40 mm F7 type rockets m79 90 HEAT rockets, Polish style assault rifles, and Belgium and French style assault rifles. Outside of Libya there has been an increased weapon and ammunition flow that has been traveling into the 255:
were in possession of. On February 26, 2017, Houthi forces presented four types of UAVs in which they designed and manufactured themselves. In one of the seven UAVs that the Conflict Armament Research investigation team discovered, the Qasef (Striker 1), was identical to the four UAVs that the Houthi
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In December 2017, CAR published a report documenting more than 40,000 items recovered from Islamic State (IS) forces between 2014 and 2017. The group reported that the majority of arms and ammunition were originally made in China and Russia, with almost a third of recovered weapons having first been
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in Mali following the Tuareg rebellion in 2012 identified a range of weapons, ammunition, and related materiel in the hands of various armed groups. Armed groups in Mali have received supplies sourced from Libya and captured from military stockpiles in Mali. Weapons confiscated from armed groups in
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Based on field investigations carried out in eight countries during 2015 and early 2016, CAR found evidence of widespread circulation of illicit arms between armed groups in West Africa. The group documented how weapons looted or leaked from Libyan stockpiles after the civil war in 2011 had fuelled
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They apparently have been relying on old weapons and ammunition that have cycled among civilians and throughout the county and neighboring countries. Since 2014 the CAR investigation team have documented that China had supplied 99% of ammunition and 37% of weapons that have cycled through multiple
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CAR also discovered a new set of weapons used in a series of attacks against hotels and security forces by Islamist armed groups in the Sahel that were "unlike any previously documented in the sub-region." These matched with weapons found in Iraq and Syria, and suggest, according to CAR, possible
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region which has been increasing the armed violence in Sahel. Some of the weaponry that has been flowing into Sahel are Sudanese small arms ammunition that has been cycling through Southern Libya and Mali, Russian and Chinese small arm ammunition, and ammunition that have been used by Islamist
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CAR works around the world using weapons tracking methods in over 34 countries. Teams embed with national security and defence forces to document weapons at the point of use, and track their sources back through the chain of supply. Investigators photograph all markings and distinguishing
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Sudan has used foreign imports to build up its own domestic production capabilities. CAR says that since 2014 newly manufactured Sudanese military materiel has been found in the hands of armed groups in South Sudan, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Libya, Mali, and Niger.
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Between April and September 2014 the Conflict Armament Research investigation team conducted a six-month field investigation that presented identifications of weapons, ammunition and armed vehicles that were used by non state armed groups that happened to be located within the
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Reporting is the information given on a particular matter in the form of an official document, after a thorough investigation has been overseen by a person or an organization. The current reports that have been conducted by the CAR investigation team are;
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A six-year collaborative investigation which portrays evidence of Iranian ammunition distributed in nine different African countries. Supplies were distributed to rebel forces, foreign insurgents, Islamist armed groups and different civilian communities.
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The report also found that IS "has been able to manufacture their own weapons and IEDs on an industrial scale thanks to a robust chain of supply." Turkish territory was the main, but not only, source of chemical explosive precursors for IEDs made by IS.
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characteristics, GPS-record all recovery sites and use in-field interviews with local stakeholders to build a case for each item documented. CAR does not rely on photographs sourced from social media. Their main priority are in countries such as
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Some of these items had been re-exported by the US and Saudi Arabia to Syrian opposition groups before ending up in IS hands. CAR found that one Bulgarian-made anti-tank missile sold to the US Army made its way to IS forces in just 59 days.
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forces had displayed. Upon this discovery, the CAR investigation team concluded that Houthi forces were not the ones producing these UAVs, in fact they predicted that the United Arab Emirates were the ones designing and manufacturing them.
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In contrast to their findings the South Sudan's Government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army argued that there have been no evidence of new shipments of weapons and ammunition from China or Israel since December, 2013.
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The group maintains the iTrace Global Weapon Reporting system, which is funded by the EU and the Government of Germany. CAR also provides technical support services including training and capacity-building.
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These findings support the hypothesis conducted by the CAR investigation team that there was a third party from those countries that were trying to smuggle weapons and ammunition into South Sudan.
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that focused on the Islamic supply chains. Between 2014 and 2017 more than 40,000 items including improvised explosive devices (IED), ammunition and weapons have been recovered from those areas.
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Reports from CAR show that despite active UN and EU arms embargoes, the Sudanese government has continued to import military and dual-use goods, some of which it has used in the conflict in
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A ten-month investigation that was conducted in over eight countries and uncovered sources of weapons for armed groups and also different trafficking routes for weapon transfers.
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All verified data is uploaded to CAR's iTrace system. Data is used to map the global chain of supply of arms, from the place of manufacture, to the point of capture or recovery.
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and launch rocket systems. Armored military vehicles were also documented in Northern Mali by the CAR investigation team but it is unknown to them where the vehicles came from.
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Research from the CAR investigation team discovered that there were a small number of international weapons and defense systems suppliers that were traced to the
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From the beginning of the Yemen conflicts, Houthi forces have deployed increasingly intelligent weapon and surveillance systems against their enemies such as
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CAR has provided information on how rebel groups in Yemen are getting weapons, including assault rifles and anti-tank guided weapons that were seized from
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northern Mali include 7.62 x 39 mm to 14.5 x 114 mm calibre ammunition, mortar rounds, rocket-propelled grenades, and air-to-ground rockets.
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Between October 2016 through February 2017 the Conflict Armament Research investigation team located and documented more than seven UAVs in which the
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A one-year investigation that documented 41 different types of weapons, ammunition and military vehicles that were supplied to the rebel forces in
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A 20-month investigation that was conducted in Iraq and Syria and uncovered over 700 components to manufacture improvised explosive devices.
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A six-month investigation that different types and sources of weapons, ammunition and military vehicles in the Central African Republic.
241: 138: 1023: 965: 233:' that had been reportedly seized in Yemen's coastal waters, providing a breakdown of how the water-borne IED had been constructed. 162: 450: 283: 206:
CAR has also documented attempts by IS forces to develop weaponised drones, including a visit to a drone workshop in Ramadi, Iraq.
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In 2015 CAR reported that South Sudan's military has seized a stash of weapons that may have been supplied to a rebel group by
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The group have reported on weapons and ammunition used in the Central African Republic on all sides. Stockpiles held by the
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Between 2012 and 2013 CAR reported and identified 41 different types of weapons and ammunition types from small
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were investigated and analyzed because they were in possession of captured equipment recovered by CAR.
730:"Nearly a third of all weapons used by Isil on the battlefield were manufactured in EU, report claims" 1392:
Weapons of the War in Ukraine: A three-year investigation of weapon supplies into Donetsk and Luhansk
1390: 299: 252: 1362: 1131: 1464: 1218: 403:. These materials were supplied to the Seleka rebel forces from Sudan and also European suppliers. 375: 158: 430:
A three-year investigation on how military equipment has reached all aspects of the civil war.
592: 351: 1400: 587: 387: 1291:"TRACING THE SUPPLY OF COMPONENTS USED IN ISLAMIC STATE IEDs | Conflict Armament Research" 513:
Standardisation and quality control in Islamic State's military production (December 2016)
379: 363: 137:. CAR also has many partnerships with different agencies, trusts and governments such as 222:, and that were "suspected to have originated in Iran and were destined for Somalia and 1267:"INVESTIGATING CROSS-BORDER WEAPON TRANSFERS IN THE SAHEL | Conflict Armament Research" 1057:"INVESTIGATING CROSS-BORDER WEAPON TRANSFERS IN THE SAHEL | Conflict Armament Research" 322:
armed actors in Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Syria.
265: 55: 1438: 1315:"NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | Conflict Armament Research" 1156:"NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | Conflict Armament Research" 489: 326:
links in supply sources between groups active in Iraq and Syria and in West Africa.
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Weapons and ammunition airdropped to SPLA-iO forces in South Sudan (June 2015)
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Maritime interdictions of weapon supplies to Somalia and Yemen (November 2016)
230: 1424: 1404: 684: 334: 1419: 1339:"DISTRIBUTION OF IRANIAN AMMUNITION IN AFRICA | Conflict Armament Research" 1195:"WEAPON SUPPLIES INTO SOUTH SUDAN'S CIVIL WAR | Conflict Armament Research" 1180: 1081: 1042: 999:"WEAPON SUPPLIES INTO SOUTH SUDAN'S CIVIL WAR | Conflict Armament Research" 931: 892: 877: 843: 714: 333:
CAR documented weapons that had a high chance of originating in the Libyan
984: 699: 498:: A three-year investigation of weapon supplies into Donetsk and Luhansk. 276: 245: 659: 371: 362:
ammunition and small arms weapons, light weapons and light ammunition,
359: 295: 134: 383: 367: 291: 240:(UAVs). They are used to target and identify Saudi Arabian coalition 985:"Weapons and Ammunition airdropped to SPLA-iO forces in South Sudan" 907:"IRANIAN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TO YEMEN | Conflict Armament Research" 806:"En kapsamlı rapor: IŞİD'in bomba malzemelerinin çoğu Türkiye'den" 441: 338: 287: 130: 118: 859:"U.S. Officials: Iran Supplying Weapons to Yemen's Houthi Rebels" 768:"ISIS weapons arsenal included some purchased by U.S. government" 878:"Maritime interdictions of weapon supplies to Somalia and Yemen" 437: 215: 126: 1429: 1024:"Jihadists, Insurgents Plundering State Arsenals Across Sahel" 569:
Inside Islamic State's improvised weapon factories in Fallujah
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UK-based investigative organization that tracks weapons supply
1363:"REBEL FORCES IN NORTHERN MALI | Conflict Armament Research" 1132:"REBEL FORCES IN NORTHERN MALI | Conflict Armament Research" 463:
Tracing the supply of components used in Islamic State IEDs.
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Investigation of cross-border weapon transfers in the Sahel:
1219:"WEAPONS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE | Conflict Armament Research" 947:"Sudan accused of bypassing arms embargo to import weapons" 844:"Frontline Perspective: Islamic State's Weaponised Drones" 67: 525:
Islamic State ammunition in Iraq and Syria (October 2014)
1181:"Non-state armed groups in the Central African Republic" 966:"Report: Khartoum Possibly Arming Rebels in South Sudan" 528:
Islamic State weapons in Iraq and Syria (September 2014)
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In December 2017, CAR reported on a remote-controlled '
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Turkish fertilisers used in Islamic State IEDs in Iraq
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Throughout six different countries in Africa and the
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New Sudanese weapons in Blue Nile state (April 2017)
1043:"Investigating cross-border transfers in the Sahel" 76: 62: 50: 36: 24: 563:Iranian technology transfers to Yemen (March 2017) 448:Sudanese stockpiles and regional weapon diversion: 893:"Frontline Perspectives: Anatomy of a drone boat" 436:A three-year investigation that was conducted in 410:included small arms produced in Sudan and China. 279:, which says it is not involved in the conflict. 598:Institute for Science and International Security 547:Identifying marks on Kalashnikov-pattern weapons 1395:(in English, Ukrainian, and Russian), London: 538:Warsaw Pact-calibre ammunition quantity tables 191:produced by EU member states that were former 609:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs 479:Distribution of Iranian ammunition in Africa: 428:Weapon supplies into South Sudan's civil war: 8: 1041:Conflict Armament Research (November 2016). 891:Conflict Armament Research (December 2017). 876:Conflict Armament Research (November 2016). 825:"ISIL ramps up fight with weaponised drones" 787:"Report details where ISIS gets its weapons" 749:"Report details where ISIS gets its weapons" 713:Conflict Armament Research (December 2017). 560:Islamic State's multi-role IEDs (April 2017) 522:Islamic State weapons in Kobane (April 2015) 507:Weapons of the Islamic State (December 2017) 19: 1179:Conflict Armament Research (January 2015). 1096:"Mali rebels used Libyan weapons – report" 544:Warsaw Pact-calibre ammunition box marking 18: 1080:Conflict Armament Research (April 2013). 557:Anatomy of a ‘drone boat’ (December 2017) 983:Conflict Armament Research (June 2015). 930:Conflict Armament Research (May 2017). 660:"ABOUT US | Conflict Armament Research" 619: 7: 785:Crawford, Jamie (14 December 2017). 747:Crawford, Jamie (14 December 2017). 646:"Annex – Council Decision 2017/2283" 350:Joint investigations by CAR and the 628:"Council Decision (CFSP) 2017/2283" 766:Joselow, Gabe (14 December 2017). 14: 945:Smart-Abbey, N.A. (24 May 2017). 728:Ensor, Josie (14 December 2017). 566:Islamic State's weaponised drones 163:United States Department of State 1082:"Rebel forces in Northern Mali" 1022:Dettmer, J (20 November 2016). 804:Eroglu, D. (14 December 2017). 147:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 715:"Weapons of the Islamic State" 486:Rebel forces in Northern Mali: 469:Non-state armed groups in the 451:Sudan People's Liberation Army 284:Sudan People's Liberation Army 218:in February and March 2016 by 151:European Union External Action 1: 964:Joselow, Gabe (2 June 2015). 823:Beck, John (3 January 2017). 496:Weapons of the war in Ukraine 434:Weapons of the Islamic State: 857:Kube, C. (27 October 2016). 842:Conflict Armament Research. 698:Conflict Armament Research. 683:Conflict Armament Research. 604:Small Arms and Light Weapons 143:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 82:; 13 years ago 1486: 1397:Conflict Armament Research 1387:Conflict Armament Research 541:Russian MANPADs technology 97:Conflict Armament Research 31:Peace and conflict studies 20:Conflict Armament Research 600:– similar US organisation 374:. There were also larger 244:which can be referred to 471:Central African Republic 401:Central African Republic 394:Central African Republic 238:unmanned aerial vehicles 220:Combined Maritime Forces 1460:International relations 242:missile defense systems 153:, German Cooperation, 268:and Blue Nile state. 260:Sudan and South Sudan 1113:ATT Monitor (2016). 376:conventional weapons 300:United Arab Emirates 253:United Arab Emirates 1367:www.conflictarm.com 1343:www.conflictarm.com 1319:www.conflictarm.com 1295:www.conflictarm.com 1271:www.conflictarm.com 1247:www.conflictarm.com 1223:www.conflictarm.com 1199:www.conflictarm.com 1160:www.conflictarm.com 1136:www.conflictarm.com 1061:www.conflictarm.com 1003:www.conflictarm.com 911:www.conflictarm.com 664:www.conflictarm.com 648:. 11 December 2017. 634:. 11 December 2017. 159:European Commission 21: 552:Field perspectives 1455:International law 1389:(November 2021), 593:Arms Trade Treaty 388:grenade launchers 352:Small Arms Survey 94: 93: 37:Available in 1477: 1450:Arms trafficking 1430:Official Website 1408: 1407: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1373: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1229: 1215: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1119: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1102:. 19 April 2013. 1092: 1086: 1085: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1067: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1038: 1032: 1031: 1028:Voice of America 1019: 1013: 1012: 1010: 1009: 995: 989: 988: 980: 974: 973: 970:Voice of America 961: 955: 954: 942: 936: 935: 927: 921: 920: 918: 917: 903: 897: 896: 888: 882: 881: 873: 867: 866: 854: 848: 847: 839: 833: 832: 820: 814: 813: 801: 795: 794: 782: 776: 775: 763: 757: 756: 744: 738: 737: 725: 719: 718: 710: 704: 703: 695: 689: 688: 680: 674: 673: 671: 670: 656: 650: 649: 642: 636: 635: 624: 588:Arms trafficking 380:rocket launchers 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Retrieved 663: 654: 640: 631: 622: 583:Arms control 495: 494: 485: 484: 478: 477: 468: 467: 462: 461: 456: 455: 447: 446: 433: 432: 427: 426: 422: 414:Publications 405: 397: 370:, IED's and 357: 349: 342:combatants. 328: 324: 320: 312: 308: 304: 281: 274: 270: 263: 250: 235: 228: 213: 205: 201: 197: 189: 176: 115: 101: 96: 95: 51:Headquarters 26:Type of site 331:middle east 195:countries. 193:Warsaw Pact 123:South Sudan 68:conflictarm 1465:Small arms 1439:Categories 1405:Q109465479 1372:2019-04-15 1348:2019-04-15 1324:2019-04-15 1300:2019-04-15 1276:2019-04-15 1252:2019-04-15 1228:2019-04-15 1204:2019-04-15 1165:2019-05-09 1141:2019-05-09 1100:DefenceWeb 1066:2019-05-09 1008:2019-05-08 951:africanews 916:2019-05-08 829:Al Jazeera 669:2019-04-08 615:References 502:Dispatches 335:stockpiles 286:including 231:drone boat 149:, UNSCAR, 632:europa.eu 317:The Sahel 181:Reporting 1401:Wikidata 863:NBC News 772:NBC News 685:"iTrace" 577:See also 378:such as 372:grenades 298:and the 277:Khartoum 246:kamikaze 77:Launched 419:Reports 384:cannons 368:rockets 364:mortars 360:caliber 296:Ukraine 135:Somalia 85: ( 43:English 1425:iTrace 1403:  533:Guides 408:Séléka 292:Israel 167:UNIDIR 155:UK Aid 1118:(PDF) 810:Diken 442:Syria 339:Sahel 288:China 224:Yemen 216:dhows 210:Yemen 139:UNMAS 131:Libya 119:Syria 440:and 438:Iraq 346:Mali 165:and 133:and 127:Iraq 87:2011 80:2011 70:.com 791:CNN 753:CNN 226:." 63:URL 1441:: 1399:, 1365:. 1341:. 1317:. 1293:. 1269:. 1245:. 1221:. 1197:. 1158:. 1134:. 1098:. 1059:. 1026:. 1001:. 968:. 949:. 909:. 861:. 827:. 808:. 789:. 770:. 751:. 732:. 662:. 630:. 492:. 386:, 382:, 366:, 302:. 294:, 290:, 169:. 161:, 157:, 145:, 141:, 129:, 125:, 121:, 1375:. 1351:. 1327:. 1303:. 1279:. 1255:. 1231:. 1207:. 1183:. 1168:. 1144:. 1120:. 1084:. 1069:. 1045:. 1030:. 1011:. 987:. 972:. 953:. 934:. 919:. 895:. 880:. 865:. 846:. 831:. 812:. 793:. 774:. 755:. 736:. 717:. 702:. 687:. 672:. 473:: 89:)

Index

Peace and conflict studies
United Kingdom
conflictarm.com
Syria
South Sudan
Iraq
Libya
Somalia
UNMAS
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
European Union External Action
UK Aid
European Commission
United States Department of State
UNIDIR
Warsaw Pact
dhows
Combined Maritime Forces
Yemen
drone boat
unmanned aerial vehicles
missile defense systems
kamikaze
United Arab Emirates
South Kordofan
Khartoum
Sudan People's Liberation Army
China
Israel

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