99:(CAR) is a UK-based investigative organization that tracks the supply of conventional weapons, ammunition, and related military materiel (such as IEDs) into conflict-affected areas. Established in 2011, CAR specializes in working with governments to find out how weapons end up in war zones, and in the hands of terrorists and insurgent groups.
310:
African conflicts, especially in South Sudan. 5% of the documented weapons that were found by the Car investigation team in South Sudan were
Israeli made, and had markings on the weapons that were labeled ISB and NSS, which indicates that they were originally intended for the International Security Bureau of the National Security Service.
337:. The weapons that were documented were Russian manufactured SA-7b MANPADS, North Korean manufactured 40 mm F7 type rockets m79 90 HEAT rockets, Polish style assault rifles, and Belgium and French style assault rifles. Outside of Libya there has been an increased weapon and ammunition flow that has been traveling into the
255:
were in possession of. On
February 26, 2017, Houthi forces presented four types of UAVs in which they designed and manufactured themselves. In one of the seven UAVs that the Conflict Armament Research investigation team discovered, the Qasef (Striker 1), was identical to the four UAVs that the Houthi
190:
In
December 2017, CAR published a report documenting more than 40,000 items recovered from Islamic State (IS) forces between 2014 and 2017. The group reported that the majority of arms and ammunition were originally made in China and Russia, with almost a third of recovered weapons having first been
354:
in Mali following the Tuareg rebellion in 2012 identified a range of weapons, ammunition, and related materiel in the hands of various armed groups. Armed groups in Mali have received supplies sourced from Libya and captured from military stockpiles in Mali. Weapons confiscated from armed groups in
321:
Based on field investigations carried out in eight countries during 2015 and early 2016, CAR found evidence of widespread circulation of illicit arms between armed groups in West Africa. The group documented how weapons looted or leaked from Libyan stockpiles after the civil war in 2011 had fuelled
309:
They apparently have been relying on old weapons and ammunition that have cycled among civilians and throughout the county and neighboring countries. Since 2014 the CAR investigation team have documented that China had supplied 99% of ammunition and 37% of weapons that have cycled through multiple
325:
CAR also discovered a new set of weapons used in a series of attacks against hotels and security forces by
Islamist armed groups in the Sahel that were "unlike any previously documented in the sub-region." These matched with weapons found in Iraq and Syria, and suggest, according to CAR, possible
341:
region which has been increasing the armed violence in Sahel. Some of the weaponry that has been flowing into Sahel are
Sudanese small arms ammunition that has been cycling through Southern Libya and Mali, Russian and Chinese small arm ammunition, and ammunition that have been used by Islamist
116:
CAR works around the world using weapons tracking methods in over 34 countries. Teams embed with national security and defence forces to document weapons at the point of use, and track their sources back through the chain of supply. Investigators photograph all markings and distinguishing
271:
Sudan has used foreign imports to build up its own domestic production capabilities. CAR says that since 2014 newly manufactured
Sudanese military materiel has been found in the hands of armed groups in South Sudan, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Libya, Mali, and Niger.
398:
Between April and
September 2014 the Conflict Armament Research investigation team conducted a six-month field investigation that presented identifications of weapons, ammunition and armed vehicles that were used by non state armed groups that happened to be located within the
423:
Reporting is the information given on a particular matter in the form of an official document, after a thorough investigation has been overseen by a person or an organization. The current reports that have been conducted by the CAR investigation team are;
481:
A six-year collaborative investigation which portrays evidence of
Iranian ammunition distributed in nine different African countries. Supplies were distributed to rebel forces, foreign insurgents, Islamist armed groups and different civilian communities.
202:
The report also found that IS "has been able to manufacture their own weapons and IEDs on an industrial scale thanks to a robust chain of supply." Turkish territory was the main, but not only, source of chemical explosive precursors for IEDs made by IS.
117:
characteristics, GPS-record all recovery sites and use in-field interviews with local stakeholders to build a case for each item documented. CAR does not rely on photographs sourced from social media. Their main priority are in countries such as
198:
Some of these items had been re-exported by the US and Saudi Arabia to Syrian opposition groups before ending up in IS hands. CAR found that one
Bulgarian-made anti-tank missile sold to the US Army made its way to IS forces in just 59 days.
256:
forces had displayed. Upon this discovery, the CAR investigation team concluded that Houthi forces were not the ones producing these UAVs, in fact they predicted that the United Arab
Emirates were the ones designing and manufacturing them.
305:
In contrast to their findings the South Sudan's Government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army argued that there have been no evidence of new shipments of weapons and ammunition from China or Israel since December, 2013.
1095:
102:
The group maintains the iTrace Global Weapon Reporting system, which is funded by the EU and the Government of Germany. CAR also provides technical support services including training and capacity-building.
313:
These findings support the hypothesis conducted by the CAR investigation team that there was a third party from those countries that were trying to smuggle weapons and ammunition into South Sudan.
444:
that focused on the Islamic supply chains. Between 2014 and 2017 more than 40,000 items including improvised explosive devices (IED), ammunition and weapons have been recovered from those areas.
264:
Reports from CAR show that despite active UN and EU arms embargoes, the Sudanese government has continued to import military and dual-use goods, some of which it has used in the conflict in
459:
A ten-month investigation that was conducted in over eight countries and uncovered sources of weapons for armed groups and also different trafficking routes for weapon transfers.
177:
All verified data is uploaded to CAR's iTrace system. Data is used to map the global chain of supply of arms, from the place of manufacture, to the point of capture or recovery.
390:
and launch rocket systems. Armored military vehicles were also documented in Northern Mali by the CAR investigation team but it is unknown to them where the vehicles came from.
767:
166:
597:
282:
Research from the CAR investigation team discovered that there were a small number of international weapons and defense systems suppliers that were traced to the
608:
236:
From the beginning of the Yemen conflicts, Houthi forces have deployed increasingly intelligent weapon and surveillance systems against their enemies such as
214:
CAR has provided information on how rebel groups in Yemen are getting weapons, including assault rifles and anti-tank guided weapons that were seized from
219:
355:
northern Mali include 7.62 x 39 mm to 14.5 x 114 mm calibre ammunition, mortar rounds, rocket-propelled grenades, and air-to-ground rockets.
251:
Between October 2016 through February 2017 the Conflict Armament Research investigation team located and documented more than seven UAVs in which the
154:
488:
A one-year investigation that documented 41 different types of weapons, ammunition and military vehicles that were supplied to the rebel forces in
729:
465:
A 20-month investigation that was conducted in Iraq and Syria and uncovered over 700 components to manufacture improvised explosive devices.
824:
1114:
858:
223:
475:
A six-month investigation that different types and sources of weapons, ammunition and military vehicles in the Central African Republic.
241:
138:
1023:
965:
233:' that had been reportedly seized in Yemen's coastal waters, providing a breakdown of how the water-borne IED had been constructed.
162:
450:
283:
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CAR has also documented attempts by IS forces to develop weaponised drones, including a visit to a drone workshop in Ramadi, Iraq.
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150:
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In 2015 CAR reported that South Sudan's military has seized a stash of weapons that may have been supplied to a rebel group by
146:
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645:
627:
406:
The group have reported on weapons and ammunition used in the Central African Republic on all sides. Stockpiles held by the
805:
1242:
603:
1115:"Tackling Terror: How the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) could help stop the diversion of arms and ammunition in West Africa"
142:
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30:
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Between 2012 and 2013 CAR reported and identified 41 different types of weapons and ammunition types from small
470:
400:
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237:
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were investigated and analyzed because they were in possession of captured equipment recovered by CAR.
730:"Nearly a third of all weapons used by Isil on the battlefield were manufactured in EU, report claims"
1392:
Weapons of the War in Ukraine: A three-year investigation of weapon supplies into Donetsk and Luhansk
1390:
299:
252:
1362:
1131:
1464:
1218:
403:. These materials were supplied to the Seleka rebel forces from Sudan and also European suppliers.
375:
158:
430:
A three-year investigation on how military equipment has reached all aspects of the civil war.
592:
351:
1400:
587:
387:
1291:"TRACING THE SUPPLY OF COMPONENTS USED IN ISLAMIC STATE IEDs | Conflict Armament Research"
513:
Standardisation and quality control in Islamic State's military production (December 2016)
379:
363:
137:. CAR also has many partnerships with different agencies, trusts and governments such as
222:, and that were "suspected to have originated in Iran and were destined for Somalia and
1267:"INVESTIGATING CROSS-BORDER WEAPON TRANSFERS IN THE SAHEL | Conflict Armament Research"
1057:"INVESTIGATING CROSS-BORDER WEAPON TRANSFERS IN THE SAHEL | Conflict Armament Research"
322:
armed actors in Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Syria.
265:
55:
1438:
1315:"NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | Conflict Armament Research"
1156:"NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | Conflict Armament Research"
489:
326:
links in supply sources between groups active in Iraq and Syria and in West Africa.
582:
407:
1243:"SUDANESE STOCKPILES AND REGIONAL WEAPON DIVERSION | Conflict Armament Research"
330:
192:
122:
519:
Weapons and ammunition airdropped to SPLA-iO forces in South Sudan (June 2015)
516:
Maritime interdictions of weapon supplies to Somalia and Yemen (November 2016)
230:
1424:
1404:
684:
334:
1419:
1339:"DISTRIBUTION OF IRANIAN AMMUNITION IN AFRICA | Conflict Armament Research"
1195:"WEAPON SUPPLIES INTO SOUTH SUDAN'S CIVIL WAR | Conflict Armament Research"
1180:
1081:
1042:
999:"WEAPON SUPPLIES INTO SOUTH SUDAN'S CIVIL WAR | Conflict Armament Research"
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892:
877:
843:
714:
333:
CAR documented weapons that had a high chance of originating in the Libyan
984:
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498:: A three-year investigation of weapon supplies into Donetsk and Luhansk.
276:
245:
659:
371:
362:
ammunition and small arms weapons, light weapons and light ammunition,
359:
295:
134:
383:
367:
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240:(UAVs). They are used to target and identify Saudi Arabian coalition
985:"Weapons and Ammunition airdropped to SPLA-iO forces in South Sudan"
907:"IRANIAN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS TO YEMEN | Conflict Armament Research"
806:"En kapsamlı rapor: IŞİD'in bomba malzemelerinin çoğu Türkiye'den"
441:
338:
287:
130:
118:
859:"U.S. Officials: Iran Supplying Weapons to Yemen's Houthi Rebels"
768:"ISIS weapons arsenal included some purchased by U.S. government"
878:"Maritime interdictions of weapon supplies to Somalia and Yemen"
437:
215:
126:
1429:
1024:"Jihadists, Insurgents Plundering State Arsenals Across Sahel"
569:
Inside Islamic State's improvised weapon factories in Fallujah
16:
UK-based investigative organization that tracks weapons supply
1363:"REBEL FORCES IN NORTHERN MALI | Conflict Armament Research"
1132:"REBEL FORCES IN NORTHERN MALI | Conflict Armament Research"
463:
Tracing the supply of components used in Islamic State IEDs.
457:
Investigation of cross-border weapon transfers in the Sahel:
1219:"WEAPONS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE | Conflict Armament Research"
947:"Sudan accused of bypassing arms embargo to import weapons"
844:"Frontline Perspective: Islamic State's Weaponised Drones"
67:
525:
Islamic State ammunition in Iraq and Syria (October 2014)
1181:"Non-state armed groups in the Central African Republic"
966:"Report: Khartoum Possibly Arming Rebels in South Sudan"
528:
Islamic State weapons in Iraq and Syria (September 2014)
229:
In December 2017, CAR reported on a remote-controlled '
572:
Turkish fertilisers used in Islamic State IEDs in Iraq
329:
Throughout six different countries in Africa and the
932:"Sudanese stockpiles and regional weapons diversion"
510:
New Sudanese weapons in Blue Nile state (April 2017)
1043:"Investigating cross-border transfers in the Sahel"
76:
62:
50:
36:
24:
563:Iranian technology transfers to Yemen (March 2017)
448:Sudanese stockpiles and regional weapon diversion:
893:"Frontline Perspectives: Anatomy of a drone boat"
436:A three-year investigation that was conducted in
410:included small arms produced in Sudan and China.
279:, which says it is not involved in the conflict.
598:Institute for Science and International Security
547:Identifying marks on Kalashnikov-pattern weapons
1395:(in English, Ukrainian, and Russian), London:
538:Warsaw Pact-calibre ammunition quantity tables
191:produced by EU member states that were former
609:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
479:Distribution of Iranian ammunition in Africa:
428:Weapon supplies into South Sudan's civil war:
8:
1041:Conflict Armament Research (November 2016).
891:Conflict Armament Research (December 2017).
876:Conflict Armament Research (November 2016).
825:"ISIL ramps up fight with weaponised drones"
787:"Report details where ISIS gets its weapons"
749:"Report details where ISIS gets its weapons"
713:Conflict Armament Research (December 2017).
560:Islamic State's multi-role IEDs (April 2017)
522:Islamic State weapons in Kobane (April 2015)
507:Weapons of the Islamic State (December 2017)
19:
1179:Conflict Armament Research (January 2015).
1096:"Mali rebels used Libyan weapons – report"
544:Warsaw Pact-calibre ammunition box marking
18:
1080:Conflict Armament Research (April 2013).
557:Anatomy of a ‘drone boat’ (December 2017)
983:Conflict Armament Research (June 2015).
930:Conflict Armament Research (May 2017).
660:"ABOUT US | Conflict Armament Research"
619:
7:
785:Crawford, Jamie (14 December 2017).
747:Crawford, Jamie (14 December 2017).
646:"Annex – Council Decision 2017/2283"
350:Joint investigations by CAR and the
628:"Council Decision (CFSP) 2017/2283"
766:Joselow, Gabe (14 December 2017).
14:
945:Smart-Abbey, N.A. (24 May 2017).
728:Ensor, Josie (14 December 2017).
566:Islamic State's weaponised drones
163:United States Department of State
1082:"Rebel forces in Northern Mali"
1022:Dettmer, J (20 November 2016).
804:Eroglu, D. (14 December 2017).
147:Foreign and Commonwealth Office
715:"Weapons of the Islamic State"
486:Rebel forces in Northern Mali:
469:Non-state armed groups in the
451:Sudan People's Liberation Army
284:Sudan People's Liberation Army
218:in February and March 2016 by
151:European Union External Action
1:
964:Joselow, Gabe (2 June 2015).
823:Beck, John (3 January 2017).
496:Weapons of the war in Ukraine
434:Weapons of the Islamic State:
857:Kube, C. (27 October 2016).
842:Conflict Armament Research.
698:Conflict Armament Research.
683:Conflict Armament Research.
604:Small Arms and Light Weapons
143:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
82:; 13 years ago
1486:
1397:Conflict Armament Research
1387:Conflict Armament Research
541:Russian MANPADs technology
97:Conflict Armament Research
31:Peace and conflict studies
20:Conflict Armament Research
600:– similar US organisation
374:. There were also larger
244:which can be referred to
471:Central African Republic
401:Central African Republic
394:Central African Republic
238:unmanned aerial vehicles
220:Combined Maritime Forces
1460:International relations
242:missile defense systems
153:, German Cooperation,
268:and Blue Nile state.
260:Sudan and South Sudan
1113:ATT Monitor (2016).
376:conventional weapons
300:United Arab Emirates
253:United Arab Emirates
1367:www.conflictarm.com
1343:www.conflictarm.com
1319:www.conflictarm.com
1295:www.conflictarm.com
1271:www.conflictarm.com
1247:www.conflictarm.com
1223:www.conflictarm.com
1199:www.conflictarm.com
1160:www.conflictarm.com
1136:www.conflictarm.com
1061:www.conflictarm.com
1003:www.conflictarm.com
911:www.conflictarm.com
664:www.conflictarm.com
648:. 11 December 2017.
634:. 11 December 2017.
159:European Commission
21:
552:Field perspectives
1455:International law
1389:(November 2021),
593:Arms Trade Treaty
388:grenade launchers
352:Small Arms Survey
94:
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37:Available in
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1450:Arms trafficking
1430:Official Website
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1102:. 19 April 2013.
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