360:
found were the back vein and the north vein, and there is evidence for a total of ten chambers being worked in them. There were three access adits cut into the hill, numbered 1 to 3 from the top downwards. By 1903, these had been assigned the letters 'A' to 'D' from the bottom upwards, with 'D' being a new trial adit higher up the hillside. The level 'A' adit was cut for around 115 yards (105 m), but did not reach a vein. The level 'B' adit began just below the track to
Rhosydd, and ran for some 272 yards (249 m). The adit ran through the back vein, where a small trial chamber was cut, and a little over half way along, a cross adit provided access to chambers in the north vein on both sides of the main adit. While the 'B' adit is vertically above the 'A' adit, the level 'C' adit followed a slightly more northerly course, and reached the back vein after a very short distance. Four chambers were worked in it. A plan produced in 1903 showed the adit running on to the north vein, and the beginnings of a chamber there, but this was not confirmed by a survey carried out in the 1980s. The level 'C' chambers are all open to daylight at the top.
224:
possession of a 21-year lease, for which he was required to pay 2 shillings (10p) per ton for rock removed from the site, with a minimum charge of £25, corresponding to 250 tons, and an additional £2 per acre (£4.94/ha) for any land used for tipping waste rock. The
Rhosydd Quarry had been operating since 1853, and their quarry manager's house, Plas Cwmorthin, was located to the east of the Conglog site. In 1865/6, they also built Tan-yr-Allt, a row of cottages close to the Conglog mill site, to house some of the Rhosydd workers and their families. Conglog's new lease covered a larger area than the earlier take-notes, and in 1871 there was a dispute with Rhosydd over land in the south-west corner of the leased land. Agreement was eventually reached, with each undertaking keeping a part of the disputed land, and further land to the south of the river could be used for tipping by both companies. Tan-yr-Allt cottages were retained by Rhosydd, although there were to be surrendered if Roberts
314:, but this appeared to ignore the fact that the exit tramway from Rhosydd was 1,480 feet (450 m) above sea level, higher than the upper levels of Conglog, and much higher than the mill level. It is not known whether they were related, but Charles John Sims who became a leaseholder of Conglog in 1873, negotiated with the Cwmorthin manager, Joseph F Sims, and an agreement to build a connecting tramway was reached. Rhosydd had attempted to do the same for many years, and had eventually resorted to the route down Cwm Croesor to the west, because Cwmorthin would not give their consent. The track levels near Cwmorthin Terrace were agreed, as Cwmorthin wanted to build a tramway from their Lake Mill to join the new tramway. Just below the terrace, the new Lake Incline would drop the level to that of Cwmothin's Cross Mill and their exit tramway.
284:
years, he recommended in 1885 that it too should be wound up, and another company formed to take it over. Roberts, who still held the primary lease, offered to alter its terms in 1886, but it is unclear whether this happened. In 1889, the 21-year lease ran out, and
Roberts negotiated with the company for its renewal and extension. Although they agreed, the company had still not received a lease after 18 months, and went into liquidation in 1891. Roberts died the following year. Newspaper advertisements for the sale indicated that the company had assets of £2,011, £200 of stock, and liabilities of £3,621. No buyers were found, and the quarry was abandoned, without any machinery being removed. An agreement was made with Lord Harlech that any new tenant found to operate the quarry would pay £200 to take it over.
235:. They paid £900 plus £25 per year for the lease, with an additional £2 per acre for any land they used for tipping, and one-twelfth of the value of any slate which they produced. The Conglog Slate and Slab Company Ltd was set up in 1873, with a working capital of £40,000, derived from 4,000 shares valued at £10 each. Kempe and Matthews sold their 21-year lease to the company for £25,000, and used the money to buy 2,000 shares. Many of the remaining shares were held by residents of Devon. The two men then sold 375 of their shares to Joseph Kellow, who became the agent and quarry engineer, and whose nephew Moses was responsible for the developments at
27:
55:
343:), as the wagons ran onto the Ffestiniog, although the track gauge above the mill was only nominally the same, as internal wagons had double flanged wheels which were loose on the axles. Operation of the Lake Incline was the responsibility of Conglog, although after 21 years, ownership would transfer to Cwmorthin, who would make a payment for the drum and the rails. This appears to have happened, although it is not documented, as the three inclines on the Cwmorthin main line were all listed in a sale document from 1900. Cwmorthin was bought by
297:
48:
288:
quarry to a consortium of six quarrymen from
Tanygrisiau. Although they traded as the Glyn Ffestiniog Slate and Slab Quarry, it was an informal partnership. 1902 and 1903 were the most productive years for the quarry, and from 1903, when Ross surrendered his lease, Cadwaladr Roberts, one of the six quarrymen, acted as agent. The last documented load of slate to leave the quarry was in 1909, and it closed in 1910.
372:
the mill, and additional tracks to the south carried rubbish onto tips. The mill was powered by a 30-foot (9.1 m) waterwheel, which was 4 feet (1.2 m) wide. Water was brought down the hillside in leats fed by several streams, and there were two sections of raised aqueduct or launder. Several of the slate pillars which supported the final launder to the wheel pit are still in situ.
1830:
1087:
276:
1075:
242:
All was not well, as
Matthews left the undertaking in 1873, and assigned his part of the lease to another shareholder called Edward Betteley, despite the fact that the company should have owned it by then. Betterley then sold it to a manganese mine proprietor called Charles John Sims. Roberts left in
223:
In 1866, only
Roberts was named when the take-note was renewed, and he began trading as the Conglog Slate Company. The land he leased covered 177 acres (72 ha), and was mainly to the north of the stream and the track that ran through the site to reach Rhosydd. Shortly afterwards, Roberts was in
371:
connected the level 'C' adit to the mill level, although wagons from level 'B' could also use it. Most of it was at an angle of 30 degrees, but it became shallower at the bottom. It was worked by gravity, with full wagons running down it raising empty wagons on the other track. Three tracks entered
359:
slate, which follow a semi-circular path around the northern edge of the town. According to a prospectus issued by the
Conglog Slate and Slab Company in 1873, three of them were accessible from the quarry, although there is no evidence that the third was ever worked or even found. The two that were
267:
in Devon, who had been the accountant and secretary since the formation of the company in 1873. He discovered that Kempe and
Matthews had never assigned their original lease to the company. As Kempe had died, and Matthews was "insane", this presented a problem, but somehow he managed to resolve it,
305:
In the absence of any firm evidence, slate probably left the quarry by horse and cart or by pack animal during the early phases of the quarry, but in 1868 an agreement was reached with
Cwmorthin, which would allow the Conglog to lay rails down the valley. As part of the dispute which occurred with
287:
Ronald Robert
Hamilton Lochart Ross Esq. took over the quarry in 1895, trading as Glyn Ffestiniog Quarry. He took out a 21-year lease, with a 7-year lease on the Cwmorthin tramway, and options to renew that for two further 7-year terms. He lasted until 1901, when he handed over the running of the
283:
Another company, the New Conglog Slate and Slab Company Ltd, was created, and bought the lease from Betteley and Gillow for £2,000. The capital was raised by issuing 80 shares valued at £25 each, and Gillow bought 65 of them. Horswill became the secretary of the new company, but after just four
300:
The Conglog exit tramway looking towards the quarry. The building was the Rhosydd Chapel. The slate waste to the right of the tree is from Conglog, and the incline to the levels is just to its right. The holes in the hillside above it are the tops of the level 'C'
347:, after which they were connected underground, allowing it to be worked from the Oakeley side, and the absence of Oakeley men to operate the inclines was eventually resolved when Cadwaladr Roberts was given permission to operate them.
216:, and became the proprietor. He is thought to have provided the working capital to enable quarrying to begin. Williams was a quarryman. The take-note acted as temporary permission for the two men to extract minerals, in this case
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1124:
367:
in 1874. The upper levels are around 1,425 feet (434 m) above sea level, whereas the mill is just below the 1,120-foot (340 m) contour. A double-track
188:
a little further to the west. It was active from 1854 to 1910, and was operated by an individual, two partnerships and four separate companies over this period.
220:, and both men were named when the note was renewed in 1856 and in 1863. It is not known whether other men were employed to work the quarry during this period.
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239:
from 1895. Kempe and Matthews developed the underground workings, and Kellow recommended that £15,000 of the capital should be used for this purpose.
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in 1876. He granted a two-year take-note to Robert Roberts and John Williams, both of Ffestiniog. Roberts was one of the surgeons at
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259:. The tramway was extended up the valley in 1874, to reach the Conglog mill. Seven years later, the company was being
196:
Prior to 1854, the land on which the Conglog quarry was established was part of Cwmorthin Ucha farm, and was owned by
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Rhosydd in 1871, they were also given permission to lay rails up to Rhosydd, and to use their incline down to the
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231:
In order to develop the quarry, Roberts sub-let part of the land to W H B Kempe and T M Matthews, who were from
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and sold the lease to two of the shareholders, Betteley and Gillow, for £850, the latter a doctor from
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Map of the quarry in 1919, showing the mill (centre), the access tramway (right) and the levels (left)
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The adits were about 60 feet (18 m) apart vertically, according to Horswill, who wrote to the
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The area surrounding Blaenau Ffestiniog contains five workable veins of
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The ruins of the mill (centre) and Tan-yr-Allt Cottages (left)
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since 1850, which descended via the Tan y Muriau and Village
247:, which was further down the valley, had been served by the
243:
1874, assigned his part of the lease to Kempe and Sims. The
515:
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317:
The tramway was built using old track materials from the
310:. A prospectus published in 1873 stated that it would be
263:. The man in charge of this was Thomas Horswill from
176:
was a small enterprise situated to the north-west of
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36:
184:in Wales. It was overshadowed by the much bigger
1045:Portmadoc, Beddgelert and South Snowdon Railway
312:easy to build a tramway to the Croesor tramway
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8:
19:
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1111:
1103:
742:
728:
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18:
591:
1030:Gorseddau Junction And Portmadoc Railway
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444:A Gazeteer of the Welsh Slate Industry
7:
603:
570:Ordnance Survey, 1:25,000 map, 2012
14:
1035:North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways
1828:
1085:
1073:
974:Ffestiniog Railway rolling stock
53:
46:
25:
1060:Welsh Highland Heritage Railway
427:. Merioneth Field Study Press.
395:Boyd, James Ian Craig (1975).
1:
1025:Festiniog and Blaenau Railway
397:The Festiniog Railway - Vol 2
442:Richards, Alun John (1991).
16:Former slate quarry in Wales
1878:
1040:Porthmadog cross town link
948:The Spooners of Porthmadog
423:Isherwood, Graham (1982).
1822:
1068:
41:
24:
1650:Rhiw-goch (Denbighshire)
1196:Fron-Boeth and Pant-Mawr
446:. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.
404:Hancock, Celia (2006).
382:Slate industry in Wales
1857:Slate mines in Gwynedd
1635:Deeside and Moelfferna
1055:Welsh Highland Railway
938:Robert Francis Fairlie
425:Cwmorthin Slate Quarry
321:. The track gauge was
302:
280:
408:. Adit Publications.
299:
278:
1134:Welsh slate quarries
406:Conglog Slate Quarry
1774:Frongoch (Aberdyfi)
800:Campbell's Platform
226:should require them
198:William Ormsby-Gore
127: /
21:
1256:Votty & Bowydd
1142:Blaenau Ffestiniog
994:Fairlie locomotive
912:Votty & Bowydd
831:Boston Lodge Works
815:Blaenau Ffestiniog
765:Porthmadog Harbour
751:Ffestiniog Railway
594:, pp. 46, 49.
319:Ffestiniog Railway
303:
281:
257:Ffestiniog Railway
255:to connect to the
182:Blaenau Ffestiniog
131:52.9999°N 3.9836°W
84:Blaenau Ffestiniog
1844:
1843:
1723:Dandderwen quarry
1536:Rhiw-goch (Conwy)
1413:Bryn Hafod-y-Wern
1100:
1099:
1080:Trains portal
1020:Cwmorthin Tramway
770:Boston Lodge Halt
714:, pp. 24–25.
642:, pp. 14–16.
630:, pp. 30–31.
582:, pp. 28–29.
546:, pp. 10–11.
453:978-0-86381-196-8
434:978-0-946895-00-7
415:978-0-9522979-4-9
249:Cwmorthin Tramway
200:, whose son, the
171:
170:
1869:
1835:Wales portal
1833:
1832:
1831:
1531:Prince Llewellyn
1394:Rhiw'r Gwreiddyn
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1104:
1092:Wales portal
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1050:Rhiwbach Tramway
1008:Related railways
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534:, pp. 8–10.
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399:. Oakwood Press.
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245:Cwmorthin quarry
206:John Ormsby-Gore
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136:52.9999; -3.9836
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1779:Frongoch (Bala)
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1733:LLangolman Farm
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1511:Clogwyn y Fuwch
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1166:Bwlch y Slaters
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1015:Croesor Tramway
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852:Bwlch y Slaters
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824:Other locations
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492:, pp. 7–8.
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308:Croesor Tramway
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61:Frongoch quarry
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1728:Gilfach quarry
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1556:Nantlle Valley
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666:, p. 126.
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606:, p. 444.
596:
592:Isherwood 1982
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522:, p. 121.
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369:inclined plane
365:Mining Journal
352:
349:
345:Oakeley quarry
293:
292:Transportation
290:
237:Croesor quarry
214:Oakeley quarry
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186:Rhosydd quarry
174:Conglog quarry
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20:Conglog quarry
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1699:Tan-y-dderwen
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1494:valleys areas
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1339:Abercwmeiddaw
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1271:Dinas Mawddwy
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1152:Cwm Penmachno
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984:Little Wonder
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967:Rolling stock
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892:Moelwyn Slate
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701:
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689:
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678:, p. 20.
677:
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664:Richards 1991
660:
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653:
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629:
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618:, p. 17.
617:
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585:
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558:, p. 27.
557:
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520:Richards 1991
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49:
40:
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28:
23:
1826:
1804:Rhyd-yr-Onen
1799:Penrhyn-gwyn
1585:Nantlle Vale
1457:Chwarel Fawr
1423:Pantdreiniog
1349:Aberllefenni
1330:Dulas Valley
1320:Tal y Mieryn
1186:Cwt y Bugail
1170:
999:Dandy waggon
933:Henry Archer
867:Cwt y Bugail
856:
712:Hancock 2006
707:
700:Hancock 2006
695:
688:Hancock 2006
683:
676:Hancock 2006
671:
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635:
628:Hancock 2006
623:
616:Hancock 2006
611:
599:
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580:Hancock 2006
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556:Hancock 2006
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544:Hancock 2006
539:
532:Hancock 2006
527:
505:Hancock 2006
490:Hancock 2006
485:
478:Hancock 2006
443:
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396:
388:Bibliography
364:
362:
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316:
311:
304:
286:
282:
241:
230:
225:
222:
210:Lord Harlech
202:Conservative
195:
173:
172:
67:Location in
1754:Bryn Eglwys
1679:Ty'n-y-coed
1640:Moel y Faen
1580:Moel Tryfan
1546:Ty'n-y-bryn
1506:Chwarel Ddu
1433:Tan-y-Bwlch
1300:Gartheiniog
1211:Maenofferen
1161:Blaen y Cwm
958:Alan Pegler
887:Maenofferen
847:Blaen y Cwm
810:Tanygrisiau
795:Tan-y-Bwlch
507:, p. 8
480:, p. 6
351:Description
341:597 mm
204:politician
178:Tanygrisiau
134: /
110:Coordinates
1862:Ffestiniog
1851:Categories
1714:Llangolman
1611:Llangollen
1600:Tal-y-Sarn
1590:Pen-y-Bryn
1516:Cwm Eigiau
1418:Moel Faban
1384:Llwyngwern
1354:Braichgoch
1344:Abercorris
1310:Maesygamfa
1295:Foel Dinas
1285:Cae Abatty
1276:Aberangell
463:References
357:Ordovician
147:Production
119:53°00′00″N
1794:Glyn-lago
1749:Bellstone
1689:Goleuwern
1565:Alexandra
1526:Hafod-Las
1467:Glyrhonwy
1443:Llanberis
1305:Hendreddu
1241:Penmachno
1206:Llechwedd
1201:Graig Ddu
1181:Cwmorthin
882:Llechwedd
877:Graig Ddu
862:Cwmorthin
790:Plas Halt
785:Rhiw Goch
775:Minffordd
604:Boyd 1975
301:chambers.
265:Tavistock
208:, became
122:3°59′01″W
1809:Rosebush
1759:Cwm Ebol
1742:Outliers
1694:Hen-Ddol
1674:Bryngwyn
1625:Cambrian
1609:Vale of
1575:Dorothea
1472:Marchlyn
1462:Dinorwic
1404:Bethesda
1359:Cambergi
1246:Rhiwbach
979:Princess
907:Rhiwbach
840:Quarries
758:Stations
376:See also
337: in
261:wound-up
253:inclines
152:Products
79:Location
37:Location
1789:Gilfach
1769:Dolgoch
1645:Penarth
1570:Cilgwyn
1452:Cefn Du
1428:Penrhyn
1389:Ratgoed
1374:Gaewern
1364:Cymerau
1315:Minllyn
1261:Wrysgan
1251:Rhosydd
1231:Oakeley
1221:Moelwyn
1176:Croesor
1171:Conglog
1146:Croesor
917:Wrysgan
902:Oakeley
857:Conglog
805:Dduallt
780:Penrhyn
332:⁄
270:Torquay
192:History
180:, near
100:Country
94:Gwynedd
69:Gwynedd
1784:Glogue
1764:Darren
1665:Arthog
1630:Clogau
1620:Berwyn
1501:Cedryn
1477:Vivian
1379:Hengae
926:People
450:
431:
412:
166:Quarry
90:County
1655:Wynne
1491:Conwy
1487:Lledr
1278:areas
1216:Manod
1154:areas
233:Devon
218:slate
156:Slate
104:Wales
82:near
1716:Area
1667:area
1613:area
1558:area
1541:Rhos
1521:Foel
1489:and
1445:area
1406:area
1332:area
1273:and
1236:Parc
1150:and
448:ISBN
429:ISBN
410:ISBN
162:Type
1369:Era
989:Lyd
1853::
1144:,
563:^
512:^
497:^
470:^
325:11
272:.
228:.
1148:,
1126:e
1119:t
1112:v
743:e
736:t
729:v
456:.
437:.
418:.
339:(
334:2
330:1
327:+
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