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417:) by its political opponents, with the aim of expelling Italian forces from the territory of Albania. This organization according to the later written memoirs of Mustafa Kruja and others was led by Eshref Frashëri. The two manage to meet and discuss the situation in the country and the solution. Eshref Frashëri's proposal to Kruja to deal with the situation was that the government should definitely be changed through a second congress and people free from Italian influence. While Kruja required time for this to happen because the government could not resign when the fate of Albania is in the hands of the Paris Conference and when a revolt had started in central Albania by
502:, who was against the congress. According to him, Morton Eden spoke openly with the Albanian nationalists about the possibility of expelling the Italians and holding a congress. Eqerem Bey Vlora, had received Morton Eden in his house and discussed political developments with him, but, as he says in his memoirs, he did not engage in politics, as he did not believe that Albanians could organize the congress without Italy's approval and when numerous Italian forces commanded by his friend General Piacentini controlled almost all of Albania.
295:, and Marquis Carlo Durazzo, who was the Adviser of the Italian Legation in Albania. Italy accepted the extension of the authority of the administration of the Government of Durrës to all the territories occupied by Italy, with the exception of Sazan Island and that of Vlora, recognizing the latter sovereignty over those areas. The act also accepted the appointment as High Commissioner in Albania of Captain Fortunato Castoldi, to oversee the Albanian administration and institutions in "the most sensitive issues".
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made in the
Congress had a huge impact on the future of the state. Tirana became the new capital of Albania and the first modern government under Prime Minister Suleyman Delvina was established. The Congress proved that Albanians were able to join forces and organise together in times of risk, like it happened in the past with League of Lezhe, League of Prizren and the Declaration of Independence. Several attempts to declare it a National Day (January 21) has been made by historians and civil society.
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546:, the birthplace of Mustafa and where he had the most influence, also elects its delegates for the congress, one of whom was the mayor of the city Hysni Berber. Upon learning this news, Mustafa Kruja leaves for the city and urges Berberi not to go, and while the latter stubbornly leaves the next day, Kruja cuts him off and stops him by force of arms. While the first delegates arrive in
598:
would not interfere in the activity of the congress but suggested speeding up the decision-making with the fear that the
Italians would send more forces. The British consul Morton Eden, present in Lushnja, was anxious until the intention of the Albanian militia against the Congress was understood. As proved later, the militia stayed until the end of the Congress.
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population, especially the nationalists. As if that was not enough to make things worse than they were, due to the divergences of what should be proposed at the conference, the division of the delegation into two groups began. Konica and
Turtulli, who also had the support of the Albanian diaspora, especially those of the Americans such as the
493:
should also send delegates, was sent to the
Commander of the Albanian Gendarmerie Meleq Frashëri. Vrioni confirmed that he and others would join the movement. Supporters for the organization of the congress were also the ministers of the government of Durrës, at the Peace Conference in Paris, Mehmet
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The
Congress of Lushnje was the most important meeting of Albanian political leaders after the Declaration of Independence on November 28, 1912. It was essential for the territorial integrity of newly formed state of Albania. The other powers, mainly Italian troops were a real danger. The decisions
906:
The
Congress of Lushnje was the most important meeting of Albanian political leaders after the Declaration of Independence on November 28, 1912. It was essential for the territorial integrity of newly formed state of Albania. Tirana became the new capital and a new government under Sulejman Delvina
597:
with orders to disperse a gathering. But as soon as they arrived, the command of the militia dubious of the
Italian orders established contact with Meleq Frashëri. The latter informed about the purposes and assures them that Congress is meeting for the future of Albania. The militia assured that it
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and tried to persuade
General Piacentini to take military measures against the Congress of Lushnjë based on the secret agreement which the Government of Durrës had with the Italian General Command in Albania. Piacentini could not risk his actions to appear as interference in the internal affairs of
527:, who especially in the city of Durrës did not enjoy any respect. According to the later memories of Sejfi Vllamasi, the assassination was known to have been committed due to the support that Ypi had for the Congress of Lushnjë, so much so that in a telegram sent to the Prefect of Shkodra, the then
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The government of Durrës did its best to prevent the holding of the
Congress of Lushnjë, and there is no way it could be otherwise given that the latter aimed precisely at its dismissal from power. The movements started early with attempts to sabotage it. At a time when delegates were gathering in
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as head of the delegation, knowing that the latter would better protect
Italian interests in the conference. This delegation was composed of representatives of different communities, both religious and cultural, but most of them were beys, rich people who did not enjoy the support of the general
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This was not well received by many prominent figures of the country, being considered as a truncation of the independence of the Albanian state. Influential people in Vlora such as Osman Haxhiu, Aristidh Ruҫi and Beqir Sulo Agalliu asked the government to allow the election of the members of the
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Later, Mustafa Kruja decided that there was a need to return to Albania due to some revolts undertaken by nationalists or various local groups and words that due to dissatisfaction with the provisional government a second congress could be organized and the government could be overthrown.
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to go in Lushnje while at the end of the telegram he added that Abdyl Ypi had been killed. However, the assassination did not deter the congress at all, so much so that a large part of those who attended went directly from the funeral of Ypi held in the city of Durres.
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While Mustafa Kruja had just managed to regain control of his city which was occupied by the forces of Essad Pasha, according to him a letter from Ahmet Zogu informed him that a new congress would be held in Lushnja and that Zogu himself would take part as
425:, also a member of the KK, it was agreed and a secret protocol was signed that Mustafa Kruja himself would first deal with the suppression of the revolts and then it was planned to hold a congress that according to the proposal would be held in the city of
1036:
before the twentieth century but which continued until after the Second World War, many people, but especially those with influence bore as a surname the name of the city, village or area where they came from. Various authors often refer to him as Mustafa
253:'s Italian forces were still present in Albania. However, the Congress anxious to keep Albania intact, expressed willingness to accept Italian protection and even an Italian prince as a ruler so long as it would mean Albania did not lose territory. In the
276:, with bargains and mutual concessions for the territories of Albania. The Albanian delegation reacted to the agreement on 14 August 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference. At that conference, the agreement was merged with the secret
827:
who would perform the function of the leaders of the new Albanian state, whereas the National Council would function as the Parliament. The congress's decisions would eventually lead a few months later to the
1527:
257:, the delegation of Albania removed Prime Minister Përmeti as chairman of the representative delegation, because he openly presented the idea of placing Albania under the mandate of Italy and appointed
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Konica, Mihal Turtulli and Monsignor Luigj Bumçi, whom were also met in Paris by the British Consul Morton Eden. In fact, the latter was very active at the time and often seen with members of the
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158:-based government. Held in the residence of Kaso Fuga it was attended by 56 delegates from Albania, adjacent Albanian-inhabited territories and representatives of Albanian emigrant colonies.
204:
and as a result to the total withdrawal of the Italian army from Albania and the final affirmation of the country's territorial integrity in 1921. The building where it was held became a
154:
Its objective was to deal with the issues arising from the military control of the country by mainly Italian and secondarily French troops and its political leadership by the pro-Italian
523:, shoots at him, leaving him dead. Sul Merlika was the first cousin of Mustafa Kruja while Gjuka was a close associate of his. The murder was made to look like the elimination of an
389:
organization, proposed that it be formally requested before the conference that Albania pass to the U.S. mandate while the other faction argued why this did not it had to happen.
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Albania knowing that the situation and dissatisfaction with the Italian presence in the country was at its peak. Thus, without informing the command on anything, he ordered the
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in Albania, a new political and organizational process began for the re-establishment of the country's institutions. Political ideas were concluded with the organization of the
380:. But the latter was refused a passport by the Italian Government as the Albanian state at that time did not issue its own passports. The Italians behind the scenes supported
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Senate, a request which was repeated on 15 October 1919 by members of the government itself. This never happened, pushing up revolts in almost the entire country.
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at the Peace Conference in Paris, signed an agreement that provided for the partition of Albania between its three neighboring countries,
1528:"Historia e panjohur: Si u vra Avdyl Ypi, organizator i "Kongresit të Lushnjës", krahu i djathtë i Esad Toptanit dhe turkofil i zjarrtë"
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At the Paris Peace Conference, aside from the diaspora organizations, the Albanian side was represented by Foreign Minister
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but it never became clear whether the British government supported the congress or not. Such a fact is acknowledged by
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who was considered dangerous by both government and the nationalists of the KK. In a second meeting with
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as the new capital of Albania. The congress' decisions would eventually lead a few months later to the
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between 15–20 January, the protection of the congress and the representatives was taken over by the
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515:, on 15 January 1920 the Prefect of Durrës who was also a supporter and organizer of the Congress,
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in Durrës, the acceleration of the organization of the congress. Participants in that meeting were
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of April 1915. A note of protest was also addressed to the President of the Peace Conference,
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secretary. The congress declared the Durrës government invalid and formed a new cabinet under
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1172:"L'Accordo Tittoni-Venizelos del 29 luglio 1919 - Prassi Italiana di Diritto Internazionale"
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422:
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1558:(in Albanian). Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës, Instituti i Historisë dhe i Gjuhësisë.
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Political confrontations in Albania (1897-1942): memories and political evaluations
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Lufta e popullit shqiptar per çlirimin kombetar, 1918-1920: përmbledhje dokumentesh
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led by Lieutenant Preng Jaku but also other volunteers from the surrounding areas.
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Partition of Albania according to the secret Treaty of London held on 16 April 1915
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and established a new constitution titled the Canonical Basis of the High Council.
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Ballafaqime politike në Shqipëri (1897-1942): kujtime dhe vlerësime historike
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Ballafaqime politike në Shqipëri (1897-1942): kujtime dhe vlerësime historike
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and as a result to the total withdrawal of the Italian army from Albania.
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On 20 August 1919, an Italian-Albanian agreement was signed by Ministers
1555:
Lufta çlirimtare antiimperialiste e popullit shqiptar në vitet 1918-1920
1272:(in Albanian). Akademia e Shkencave e RPSH, Instituti i Historisë. 1976.
1398:"Vrasja e Abdyl Ypit, Kongresi i Lushnjes dhe ardhja e Zogut në Tiranë"
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The political situation escalated further on 14 January 1920, when the
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on 25 December 1918 and the creation of the Provisional Government of
1120:
414:
341:
333:
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1376:(in Albanian). Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike, Inst. i Historisë.
1227:"Vitet e mbrapshtë të Shqipërisë pas Luftës I Botërore (1918-1920)"
409:(the National Wing or National Faction abbr. KK) also known as the
1346:
Plumba politikës: historitë e përgjakjes së politikanëve shqiptarë
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failed to extend its authority all over the territory set by 1913
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from Shkodër, to leave for Lushnjë. The troops were stationed in
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took his place to help the delegation. As soon as he returns to
325:
566:. To their troops were added the command of the Gendarmerie of
1198:
Facing the History of the Catholic Church in Albania 1919-1996
1028:
Mustafa Kruja was born as Mustafa Asim Merlika in the city of
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The house where the congress was held now serves as a museum.
196:). The last decision of the congress was the designation of
713:
Members of the High Council entering the Regency Building:
606:
Members of the initiatory commission are listed below:
1200:(in German). Translated by Klaudja Darragjati. Tirana.
264:
On 19 July 1919, the secret agreement, later known as
1373:
Kujtime nga fundi i sundimit osman në luftën e Vlorës
457:, Esheref Frashëri, Fazlli Frashëri, Sali Vuҫiterni,
1319:(in Albanian). Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës.
180:. The new government consisted of the High Council (
107:
99:
85:
77:
58:
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111:The congress unanimously decided to overthrow the
1457:Vlora, Ekrem, Koçi, Afrim, Vlora, Ekrem (2009).
1147:Land of Albanians: A Crossroad of Pain and Pride
1292:"E vërteta e grupit terrorist "Krahu Kombëtar""
469:and Zogu in Mat. Other organizing figures were
143:held from January 21 to January 31, 1920, in
16:1920 conference of Albanian political leaders
8:
1481:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1316:Shqiptarët në gjysmën e parë të shekullit XX
19:
1591:Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
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1492:
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1279:
1061:Albania in the twentieth century: a history
949:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
874:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
767:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1505:(in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese "Neraida".
1290:Merlika-Kruja, Mustafa (28 October 2013).
1210:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
589:militia with about 1200 personnel, mostly
172:was elected president of the congress and
165:Illustration of the flag used at the event
37:
18:
1338:
1336:
969:Learn how and when to remove this message
894:Learn how and when to remove this message
799:The Congress was also concerned with the
787:Learn how and when to remove this message
1434:], Shtëpia Botuese "Marin Barleti",
272:and Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
268:was signed by then Greek Prime Minister
160:
1094:Sistemet Politike në Shqipëri 1912-2009
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485:and Mytesim Këlliҫi. While to convince
133:), historically documented by the name
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1253:The History of Albania: A Brief Survey
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1024:
1022:
1571:"Kongresi i Lushnjes dhe Llazar Bozo"
1349:(in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese "55".
1115:
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803:that had the backing of the invading
433:, former Minister of Interior of the
429:and to be proposed as prime minister
7:
947:adding citations to reliable sources
872:adding citations to reliable sources
765:adding citations to reliable sources
534:, ordered not to allow delegates of
554:Lazar Bozo with the command of the
1096:. Tiranë: UFO Press. p. 390.
14:
1569:Gjini, Kozma (20 January 2021).
1302:from the original on 2020-09-22.
1121:"Albania : a country study"
919:
844:
737:
506:Efforts to prevent the convening
304:Prime Minister of United Kingdom
25:
1:
445:representative. According to
62:January 28–31, 1920
1174:. 2014-07-14. Archived from
997:Albanian Congress of Trieste
188:) and the National Council (
1343:Dervishi, Kastriot (2008).
1064:. I.B.Tauris. p. 138.
552:Congressional Defense Chief
266:Venizelos–Tittoni agreement
1662:
807:army. It was alleged that
141:Albanian political leaders
1636:Modern history of Albania
1250:Frashëri, Kristo (1964).
1144:Prifti, Peter R. (2002).
136:Mbledhja Kombiare Lushnje
36:
24:
1499:Vllamasi, Sejfi (2000).
1092:Krasniqi, Afrim (2009).
324:, in the absence of the
103:Mbledhja Kombiare Lushje
1422:Sejfi Vllamasi (1995),
1196:Peters, Markus (2010).
1588:Elsie, Robert (2013).
1058:Pearson, Owen (2004).
725:
459:Halim Jakova-Gostivari
255:Paris Peace Conference
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139:, was a conference of
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81:Residence of Kaso Fuga
1646:Congresses of Albania
1370:Vlora, Syrja (2013).
712:
340:in the northwest and
270:Eleftherios Venizelos
229:After the end of the
224:
164:
1526:B, S. (2018-03-18).
1313:Culaj, Lush (2005).
943:improve this section
868:improve this section
801:Government of Durrës
761:improve this section
465:, Sejfi Vllamasi in
382:Turhan Pasha Përmeti
243:Government of Durrës
239:Turhan Pashë Përmeti
113:Government of Durrës
1552:Çami, Muin (1969).
1446:on February 2, 2014
1125:Library of Congress
817:Aqif Pashë Elbasani
715:Aqif Pasha Elbasani
575:Minister of Justice
529:Minister of Finance
481:, Osman Myderrizi,
471:Aqif Pasha Elbasani
419:Essad Pasha Toptani
131:Kongresi i Lushnjës
123:Congress of Lushnjë
53:Kongresi i Lushnjes
21:
20:Congress of Lushnjë
992:Congress of Durrës
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673:Abedin Nepravishta
344:in the northeast.
314:Georges Clémenceau
307:David Lloyd George
289:Myfid Bej Libohova
282:Georges Clémenceau
235:Congress of Durrës
227:
167:
1512:978-99927-713-1-0
1404:. 26 January 2019
1383:978-9928-4140-4-5
1356:978-99943-56-43-0
1326:978-9951-411-15-8
1157:978-99927-743-6-6
1103:978-99956-19-36-7
1071:978-1-84511-013-0
1007:League of Prizren
1002:Congress of Dibër
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467:Shkodër District
423:Rexhep Mitrovica
378:Mid'hat Frashëri
328:representative,
278:Treaty of London
247:Treaty of London
241:. The so-called
186:Këshilli i Lartë
178:Sulejman Delvina
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49:Native name
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1617:External links
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491:Berat District
483:Ferid Vokopola
463:Korçë District
447:Sejfi Vllamasi
435:Ottoman Empire
407:Krahu Kombëtar
399:Mufid Libohova
395:Mehdi Frashëri
362:Luigj Gurakuqi
358:Mihal Turtulli
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354:Mehmed Konica
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31:Official seal
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1594:. New York:
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1536:. Retrieved
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959:October 2021
956:
941:Please help
929:
905:
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884:October 2021
881:
866:Please help
854:
821:Abdi Toptani
798:
783:
777:October 2021
774:
759:Please help
747:
723:Abdi Toptani
680:Andrea Papaj
639:Qemal Mullai
605:
602:Participants
572:
558:of Lushnjë,
551:
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487:Ilias Vrioni
475:Abdi Toptani
443:Mat District
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1532:Gazeta Tema
1077:24 December
813:Luigj Bumçi
704:Hamit Xheka
686:Rasim Hoxha
683:Qerim Arapi
643:Zija Mullai
630:Llazar Bozo
587:Gjirokastër
556:Gendarmerie
521:Salih Gjuka
366:Luigj Bumçi
259:Luigj Bumçi
1625:Categories
1538:2021-10-11
1408:2021-10-10
1236:2021-10-09
1182:2021-10-09
1130:2021-10-09
1045:References
698:Abdyl Aziz
689:Arif Kurti
677:Jakov Bozo
654:Jonuz Sefa
611:Besim Nuri
455:Sotir Peçi
338:Montenegro
309:, that of
251:Piacentini
217:Background
70:1920-01-31
66:1920-01-28
1477:cite book
1469:645581118
1206:cite book
930:does not
855:does not
836:Aftermath
830:Vlora War
809:Abdyl Ypi
748:does not
729:Decisions
634:Nebi Sefa
591:Catholics
517:Abdyl Ypi
451:Abdyl Ypi
208:in 1970.
202:Vlora War
1575:Telegraf
1440:37228559
1300:Archived
986:See also
580:went to
564:Libofshë
525:Essadist
190:Albanian
182:Albanian
127:Albanian
86:Location
68: –
1460:Kujtime
1034:Albania
951:removed
936:sources
876:removed
861:sources
805:Italian
769:removed
754:sources
595:Kolonjë
560:Divjakë
548:Lushnjë
513:Lushnjë
212:History
149:Albania
145:Lushnjë
108:Outcome
94:Albania
90:Lushnjë
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562:, and
415:Clique
403:Durrës
342:Serbia
334:Greece
311:France
206:museum
198:Tiranë
156:Durrës
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1013:Notes
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489:that
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413:(the
411:Klika
387:Vatra
322:Italy
78:Venue
1600:ISBN
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1483:link
1465:OCLC
1436:OCLC
1424:"VI"
1378:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1321:ISBN
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1079:2011
1066:ISBN
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