198:(1957) that " power of the Congress to conduct investigations is inherent in the legislative process" and that " is unquestionably the duty of all citizens to cooperate with the Congress in its efforts to obtain the facts needed for intelligent legislative action. It is their unremitting obligation to respond to subpoenas, to respect the dignity of the Congress and its committees and to testify fully with respect to matters within the province of proper investigation." Congressional rules empower all its standing committees with the authority to compel witnesses to produce testimony and documents for subjects under its jurisdiction. Committee rules may provide for the full committee to issue a
211:(1961), a congressional committee must meet three requirements for its subpoenas to be "legally sufficient." First, the committee's investigation of the broad subject area must be authorized by its chamber; second, the investigation must pursue "a valid legislative purpose" but does not need to involve legislation and does not need to specify the ultimate intent of Congress; and third, the specific inquiries must be pertinent to the subject matter area that has been authorized for investigation.
254:. In the case of subcommittees, they report the resolution of contempt to the full committee, which then has the option of rejecting it, accepting it but not reporting it to the floor, or accepting it and reporting it to the floor of the chamber for action. On the floor of the House or the Senate, the reported resolution is considered privileged and, if the resolution of contempt is passed, the chamber has several options to enforce its mandate.
357:
2125:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 489, Recommending that the House of Representatives find William P. Barr, Attorney General of the United States, and Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary of Commerce, In Contempt of Congress for Refusal to Comply with Subpoenas Duly Issued by the Committee on Oversight and Reform"
1129:
Obstruction of justice is the impediment of governmental activities. There are a host of federal criminal laws that prohibit obstructions of justice. The six most general outlaw obstruction of judicial proceedings (18 U.S.C. 1503), witness tampering (18 U.S.C. 1512), witness retaliation (18 U.S.C.
273:
Concerned with the time-consuming nature of a contempt proceeding and the inability to extend punishment further than the session of the
Congress concerned (under Supreme Court rulings), Congress created a statutory process in 1857. While Congress retains its "inherent contempt" authority and may
111:
held that
Congress's power to hold someone in contempt was essential to ensure that Congress was "... not exposed to every indignity and interruption that rudeness, caprice, or even conspiracy, may mediate against it." The historical interpretation that bribery of a senator or representative was
2021:
In the event Mr. Pagliano fails to appear, the
Committee will consider the following: Resolution and Report recommending that the House of Representatives find Bryan Pagliano in Contempt of Congress for Refusal to Comply with a Subpoena Duly Issued by the Committee on Oversight and Government
4210:
224:
which provides "an absolute bar to judicial interference" once it is determined that
Members are acting within the "legitimate legislative sphere" with such compulsory process. Under that ruling, courts generally do not hear motions to quash congressional subpoenas; even when
2742:
2752:
683:
The majority of documents in question were released following the conclusion of the
Department of Justice investigation into campaign finance violations of 1996. However, an additional memo was withheld and later claimed as privileged by the George W. Bush administration.
2737:
270:, brought to the floor of the chamber, held to answer charges by the presiding officer, and then subjected to punishment as the chamber may dictate (usually imprisonment for punishment, imprisonment for coercion, or release from the contempt citation).
1130:
1513), obstruction of congressional or administrative proceedings (18 U.S.C. 1505), conspiracy to defraud the United States (18 U.S.C. 371), and contempt (a creature of statute, rule and common law). All but
Section 1503 cover congressional activities.
3144:
249:
Following the refusal of a witness to produce documents or to testify, the committee is entitled to report a resolution of contempt to its parent chamber. A committee may also cite a person for contempt but not immediately report the resolution to
835:
4215:
4313:
3797:
1464:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3322:
2732:
778:
179:
would then follow in July 2024. Both
Navarro and Bannon's contempt of Congress convictions and prison sentences were connected with their refusals to comply with subpoenas which required them testify before the now-defunct
327:
The criminal offense of contempt of
Congress is a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $ 100,000 nor less than $ 100 and imprisonment in a common jail for not less than one month nor more than twelve months.
3947:
3139:
595:
never presented the case to a Grand Jury as required by law. After legal cases and a court dismissal of the
Executive Branch's suit, the parties reached an agreement to provide documents and withdrew contempt citation.
2102:
3355:
2710:
2611:
2727:
4622:
3161:
2616:
3362:
3332:
583:
578:
289:, a lawyer and former Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics who was charged with allowing clients to remove or rip up subpoenaed documents, was found guilty and sentenced to 10 days imprisonment.
2626:
675:
639:
520:
494:
3834:
3327:
4806:
4370:
3372:
3024:
442:
263:
4601:
4355:
3550:
2679:
2081:
986:
960:
934:
908:
181:
4886:
4365:
3156:
3031:
803:
House
Committee voted, 19–15, to recommend Pagliano for a contempt resolution for failing to appear during a September 13 and 22, 2016, hearing after being subpoenaed and submitting a written
2952:
2747:
1901:
3869:
1061:
622:
Indicted for contempt of Congress, but acquitted in trial; Later convicted for lying to Congress and sentenced to 6 months in prison, 5 years probation thereafter, and a fine of $ 10,000.
317:
2064:
4360:
4323:
3942:
3634:
4338:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2715:
4682:
4308:
3270:
3190:
3127:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2621:
3937:
3664:
3019:
4524:
3991:
3879:
3864:
3607:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3178:
614:
570:
552:
546:
468:
417:
2094:
4318:
3275:
3236:
3226:
2694:
2669:
1790:
336:
Senate Rules authorize the Senate to direct the Senate Legal Counsel to file a civil action against any private individual found in contempt. Upon motion by the Senate, the
896:
Acting Homeland Secretary Chad Wolf defies subpoena and skips House hearing as he faces whistleblower allegations that he urged department officials to alter intelligence.
4343:
3910:
3206:
2722:
888:
795:
761:
737:
298:
in federal courts to overturn his arrest, but after litigation, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress had acted constitutionally, and denied the petition in the case
262:
Under this process, the procedure for holding a person in contempt involves only the chamber concerned. Following a contempt citation, the person cited is arrested by the
3964:
3487:
2947:
1939:
1317:
1291:
804:
2307:
73:—early Congresses issued contempt citations against numerous individuals for a variety of actions. Some instances of contempt of Congress included citations against:
4643:
3839:
3001:
2979:
2521:
710:
On March 4, 2009, Miers and former Deputy Chief of Staff to President Bush Karl Rove agreed to testify under oath before Congress about the firings of U.S. attorneys
3122:
3117:
2034:
4230:
3959:
3449:
2631:
2000:
702:
216:
3757:
3411:
3066:
560:
The White House delivered documents to the Rayburn House Office Building for review by Committee members for four hours, providing for no staff or photocopies.
233:" unsuitable for judicial remedy. In fact, many legal rights usually associated with a judicial subpoena do not apply to a congressional subpoena. For example,
112:
considered contempt of Congress has long since been abandoned in favor of criminal statutes. In 1857, Congress enacted a law that made "contempt of Congress" a
81:
1965:
2357:
1514:
4292:
3545:
3367:
2940:
2154:
881:
267:
138:
4671:
4287:
4003:
3884:
3602:
3555:
3149:
2551:
460:
340:
issues another order for a person to comply with Senate process. If the subject then refuses to comply with the Court's order, the person may be cited for
2280:
4453:
4151:
3792:
3231:
3592:
3518:
3071:
2959:
2684:
1827:
921:. Sentenced to 4 months in prison. Began serving his four month prison sentence on July 1, 2024, after his appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court..
4857:
4801:
4141:
4107:
3889:
3444:
3439:
3254:
2689:
54:
3998:
3874:
3767:
3644:
3434:
2202:
1909:
538:
172:
2252:
1794:
2068:
4592:
4496:
4399:
3802:
3727:
3101:
2647:
2541:
2474:
1764:
4272:
4257:
4184:
3925:
3817:
3787:
3577:
2664:
2652:
1624:
38:
4831:
4573:
4262:
2514:
1677:
654:
274:
exercise it at any time, this inherent contempt process was last used by the Senate in 1934, in a Senate investigation of airlines and the
131:, was sentenced to ten days of detention for destroying evidence under subpoena. MacCracken appealed his sentence to the Supreme Court in
4836:
4463:
4267:
4179:
4131:
3954:
3849:
3525:
2935:
860:
816:
774:
279:
149:
1574:
4220:
3466:
2402:
2334:
108:
4891:
4615:
4469:
4225:
3712:
3221:
3171:
2674:
2229:
4769:
4744:
4483:
4282:
4102:
3915:
2659:
2176:
1658:
1116:
1089:
435:
275:
49:
was considered contempt of Congress. In modern times, contempt of Congress has generally applied to the refusal to comply with a
973:
on September 7, 2023. Began serving his 4 month sentence on March 19, 2024, after his appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court.
4764:
4501:
4490:
4443:
4156:
3036:
2571:
2507:
606:
148:
While it has been said that "Congress is handcuffed in getting obstinate witnesses to comply", cases have been referred to the
1931:
1312:
1286:
4728:
4709:
4692:
4406:
4394:
4277:
4205:
2465:
1263:
852:
812:
730:
668:
157:
1552:
234:
2429:
4774:
4629:
4558:
4072:
3772:
3530:
3456:
3211:
3166:
1160:
2128:
2042:
1879:
1853:
4811:
4796:
4754:
4749:
4636:
4579:
4328:
4189:
4119:
3740:
3540:
3535:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2565:
2561:
2557:
1605:
1288:
Prosecution for the Contempt of Congress of an Executive Branch Official Who Has Asserted a Claim of Executive Privilege
647:
Subpoenaed documents were provided hours before the House of Representatives was set to consider the contempt citation.
337:
2008:
1178:
4714:
4539:
4423:
4136:
3461:
3183:
3046:
1234:
2067:(Press release). United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. February 17, 2017. Archived from
1975:
1720:
4759:
4544:
3471:
3132:
1522:
1361:
719:
207:
2150:
4821:
4534:
4438:
1490:"Congress's Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure"
1113:"Obstruction of Congress: A Brief Overview of Federal Law Relating to Interference with Congressional Activities"
286:
1575:"This is the Statement of SEN. Patrick J. Leahy, Ranking Minority Member, before the Senate Judiciary Committee"
4114:
2974:
2969:
2964:
1335:
1269:
Congress's Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure
754:
194:
4677:
2380:
1314:
Response to Congressional Requests for Information Regarding Decisions Made Under the Independent Counsel Act
312:
Following a contempt citation, the presiding officer of the chamber is instructed to refer the matter to the
4664:
4608:
4418:
4028:
3859:
3717:
3707:
3497:
3424:
3041:
1822:
221:
153:
1817:
4650:
4568:
4411:
2530:
807:
in lieu of appearing in person. No contempt resolution was considered by the chamber but Committee member
455:
313:
226:
94:
70:
34:
4516:
3659:
3572:
3567:
2281:"Mark Meadows: House votes to hold ex-Trump aide in contempt of Congress and refers him for prosecution"
970:
918:
481:
409:
202:, or permit subcommittees or the chairman (acting alone or with the ranking member) to issue subpoenas.
3732:
943:
On December 14, 2021, House of Representatives voted 222-203 to hold Meadows in contempt for defying a
238:
1786:
1705:
969:
Found guilty by a Federal Jury of contempt of Congress by unlawfully defying a subpoena issued by the
103:
4720:
4476:
4333:
4124:
4034:
3971:
3854:
3093:
2546:
926:
770:
528:
Documents were delivered to Congress prior to full Committee consideration of the contempt citation.
300:
133:
2203:"Trump ally Steve Bannon surrenders to federal prison to serve 4-month sentence on contempt charges"
1754:
4826:
4433:
4384:
4146:
4097:
3782:
3649:
2489:
1362:"Steve Bannon begins serving 4-month sentence in federal prison for defying congressional subpoena"
1056:
996:
995:
On April 6, 2022, House of Representatives voted 220-203 to hold Scavino in contempt for defying a
944:
695:
632:
627:
512:
486:
251:
161:
46:
2403:"Hunter Biden agrees to deposition with House Republican after months of defiance, committee says"
1336:"'I'm pissed': Ex-Trump aide Peter Navarro blasts justice system before heading to federal prison"
4816:
4506:
3844:
3762:
3702:
3582:
2586:
1759:
1682:
404:
230:
124:
1142:
843:
Found in contempt for failing to provide documents in an investigation into human trafficking.
4586:
4550:
4529:
3986:
3722:
3669:
3629:
3614:
3301:
2430:"House votes to hold Attorney General Merrick Garland in contempt for withholding Biden audio"
1728:
1632:
1308:
1051:
592:
341:
282:
4348:
3747:
3597:
3416:
507:
344:
and may incur sanctions imposed by the Court. The process has been used at least six times.
120:
113:
1659:"Decades before Steve Bannon was charged with contempt of Congress, Rita Lavelle was tried"
65:
In the late 1790s, declaring contempt of Congress was considered an "implied power" of the
4563:
3513:
3421:
2285:
1321:
1295:
1024:
848:
430:
1384:
4657:
3829:
3752:
3679:
3076:
1582:
1282:
1081:
808:
786:
85:
1112:
872:
Refusal to Comply with Subpoenas Duly Issued by the Committee on Oversight and Reform
356:
57:—usually seeking to compel either testimony or the production of requested documents.
17:
4880:
3981:
3807:
3587:
2308:"Ex-Trump adviser Peter Navarro reports to prison on contempt of Congress conviction"
2230:"Former Trump chief of staff Mark Meadows held in contempt by House Jan. 6 committee"
952:
715:
689:
533:
476:
Califano complied with the subpoena about one month after the subcommittee citation.
294:
168:
142:
97:, another newspaper editor, for releasing sensitive information to the press in 1812.
77:
820:
320:; according to the law it is the duty of the U.S. Attorney to refer the matter to a
4852:
4076:
3976:
3624:
3619:
1143:"Founders Online: The Case of Robert Randall and Charles Whitney, 28 December 17 …"
1004:
901:
828:
601:
565:
176:
42:
2041:. United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from
2007:. United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from
1908:. United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from
1544:
1439:
1414:
1179:"Hinds' Precedents, Volume 3 - Chapter 53 - Punishment of Witnesses for Contempt"
91:
William Duane, a newspaper editor who refused to answer Senate questions in 1800.
3825:
3777:
3684:
3639:
2257:
2065:"Chaffetz Asks Justice Department to Uphold Institutional Interests of Congress"
1199:
978:
856:
750:
726:
128:
66:
2358:"GOP-led committees vote to recommend that House hold Hunter Biden in contempt"
2458:
2124:
1875:
1849:
917:
Found guilty by a Federal Jury of unlawfully defying a subpoena issued by the
663:
321:
2177:"Steve Bannon Indicted for Criminal Contempt of Congress - November 13, 2021"
1732:
1636:
4048:
3654:
1902:"Lois Lerner's Involvement in the IRS Targeting of Tax-Exempt Organizations"
877:
2253:"House votes for Meadows to face criminal charges for defying Jan. 6 probe"
1489:
1267:
1019:
Biden agrees to provide a deposition to Committee on Oversight and Reform.
2356:
Fitzpatrick, Sarah; Concepcion, Summer; Richards, Zoë (January 10, 2024).
1012:
House Committee on the Judiciary, House Committee on Oversight and Reform
4041:
3492:
2499:
2433:
2381:"House to vote next week on holding Hunter Biden in contempt of Congress"
1970:
1239:
199:
50:
1966:"House panel votes to hold Clinton tech aide Bryan Pagliano in contempt"
779:
Finding Lois Lerner in contempt of Congress (H.Res. 574; 113th Congress)
3562:
229:
officials refuse to comply, courts tend to rule that such matters are "
69:, in a similar manner as the British Parliament could make findings of
1878:. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. June 28, 2012.
1852:. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. June 28, 2012.
4428:
4023:
4623:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
1625:"U.S. ATTORNEY SAID TO ACT ON HIS OWN IN NOT PRESSING BURFORD CASE"
1623:
Maitland, Leslie; Times, Special To the New York (March 14, 1983).
1465:"Understanding Your Rights in Response to a Congressional Subpoena"
3905:
2459:"Congress's Contempt Power: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure"
1678:"Rita Lavelle gets 6-month term and is fined $ 10,000 for perjury"
1440:"Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund 421 U.S. 491 (1975)"
836:
Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
450:
Citation dismissed after "substantial compliance" with subpoena.
175:
to be imprisoned for a contempt of Congress criminal conviction.
3674:
278:. After a one-week trial on the Senate floor (presided over by
220:(1975) that congressional subpoenas are within the scope of the
4070:
3393:
2584:
2503:
2335:"House votes to hold Dan Scavino and Peter Navarro in contempt"
519:
Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the
351:
4602:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
2035:"Examining Preservation of State Department Federal Records"
1995:
1993:
1360:
Murray, Sara; Polantz, Katelyn; Cole, Devan (July 1, 2024).
137:. After losing his case, he surrendered to Chesley Jurney,
815:, writing as an individual member of Congress, requesting
3395:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
2151:"Chad Wolf defies Subpoena impeached after historic vote"
1062:
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
2095:"Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Committee"
182:
House Select Committee that investigated January 6, 2021
981:, White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications
368:
1223:
Act of January 24, 1857, Ch. 19, sec. 1, 11 Stat. 155.
33:
is the misdemeanor act of obstructing the work of the
237:
and information that is normally protected under the
4525:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
2279:
Feinberg, Andrew; Garcia, Eric (December 15, 2021).
2001:"Examining Preservation of State Department Records"
1959:
1957:
1932:"House votes to hold Lerner in contempt of Congress"
1111:
Congressional Research Service (December 27, 2007).
571:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
4845:
4787:
4737:
4702:
4691:
4515:
4452:
4383:
4301:
4250:
4243:
4198:
4172:
4165:
4088:
4016:
3924:
3898:
3816:
3695:
3506:
3480:
3404:
3315:
3263:
3247:
3199:
3110:
3092:
3085:
3059:
3012:
2928:
2921:
2761:
2703:
2640:
2604:
2597:
1791:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
1706:"Costly Lies: Rita Lavelle is convicted of perjury"
4887:Legislative branch of the United States government
1334:Leonard, Kimberly; Cheney, Kyle (March 19, 2024).
796:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
762:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
738:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
676:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
640:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
584:House Committee on Public Works and Transportation
579:House Committee on Public Works and Transportation
469:House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
425:Morton released the material to the subcommittee.
418:House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
1235:"Why Flynn could easily beat his Senate subpoena"
755:Director of the IRS Exempt Organizations Division
4644:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
4211:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
1606:"House Panel Issues First Subpoena Over Firings"
1415:"Wilkinson v. United States 365 U.S. 399 (1961)"
1355:
1353:
1818:"House Panel Votes to Hold Holder in Contempt"
1161:"U.S. Senate: Senate Holds Editor in Contempt"
987:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
961:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
935:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
909:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
502:Duncan supplied the material by May 14, 1980.
2515:
127:, former Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
8:
2333:Wu, Nicholas; Cheney, Kyle (April 6, 2022).
1495:. Congressional Research Service. p. 10
882:United States Secretary of Homeland Security
348:Partial list contempt resolutions since 1975
4672:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
1721:"F.B.I. Memo Details Freeh Warning to Reno"
914:October 21, 2021, House of Representatives
707:February 14, 2008 House of Representatives
461:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
217:Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
4699:
4247:
4169:
4085:
4067:
3930:
3401:
3390:
3089:
2925:
2601:
2594:
2581:
2522:
2508:
2500:
1545:"Jurney v. MacCracken 294 U.S. 125 (1935)"
386:
1307:Memorandum for the Attorney General from
1281:Memorandum for the Attorney General from
1259:
1257:
819:prosecution of Pagliano for misdemeanor "
80:, for an attempt to bribe Representative
27:Act of obstructing the US Congress's work
4858:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
1755:"Panel Holds Two Bush Aides in Contempt"
869:July 17, 2019, House of Representatives
866:House Committee on Oversight and Reform
521:House Committee on Government Operations
495:House Committee on Government Operations
285:, in his capacity as Senate President),
3625:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
1830:from the original on September 30, 2019
1073:
811:subsequently addressed a letter to the
742:June 28, 2012 House of Representatives
53:issued by a congressional committee or
3102:Caucuses of the United States Congress
2251:Dickson, Caitlyn (December 14, 2021).
2157:from the original on February 14, 2021
2131:from the original on December 18, 2019
1876:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 442"
1850:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 441"
1797:from the original on February 27, 2008
1708:. content.time.com. December 12, 1983.
1676:Shabecoff, Philip (January 10, 1984).
1194:
1192:
1119:from the original on December 19, 2019
769:Found in contempt for her role in the
745:Found in contempt by a vote of 255–67
655:White House Director of Administration
615:House Committee on Energy and Commerce
553:House Committee on Energy and Commerce
547:House Committee on Energy and Commerce
443:House Select Committee on Intelligence
2475:"The Court of Congressional Contempt"
1964:Gerstein, Josh (September 22, 2016).
1942:from the original on October 23, 2015
1882:from the original on October 17, 2012
1856:from the original on October 17, 2012
1787:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 60"
1719:Marquis, Christopher (May 19, 2000).
1324:, 10 Op. Off. Legal Counsel 68 (1986)
1298:, 8 Op. Off. Legal Counsel 101 (1984)
1200:"Anderson v. Dunn 19 U.S. 204 (1821)"
1039:Found in contempt by a 216–207 vote.
766:May 7, 2014 House of Representatives
7:
2379:Watson, Kathryn (January 12, 2024).
1555:from the original on August 11, 2011
1515:"William P. Mac Cracken, Jr. Papers"
167:In March 2024, it was reported that
141:, who detained him in a room at the
2733:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
1767:from the original on April 17, 2014
1657:Timothy Bella (November 13, 2021).
1092:from the original on August 3, 2013
861:United States Secretary of Commerce
150:United States Department of Justice
2228:Jansen, Bart (December 13, 2021).
790:IT director, Hillary Clinton aide
109:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
4616:Progress of Civilization Pediment
4470:Congressional Pictorial Directory
3323:By length of service historically
1086:LII / Legal Information Institute
1032:House Committee on the Judiciary
889:House Homeland Security Committee
41:. Historically, the bribery of a
4484:Official Congressional Directory
4103:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
2428:Yilek, Caitlin (June 12, 2024).
2105:from the original on May 8, 2019
703:House Committee on the Judiciary
658:Matthew Moore, White House aide
355:
4293:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
3140:Arab and Middle Eastern members
3037:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
2572:Lists of United States Congress
1233:Wright, Austin (May 15, 2017).
593:U.S. Attorney Stanley S. Harris
292:MacCracken filed a petition of
4395:Congressional Research Service
4142:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
3145:Asian Pacific American members
2473:Zuckerman, Michael A. (2009).
2466:Congressional Research Service
1753:Stout, David (July 25, 2007).
1264:Congressional Research Service
853:United States Attorney General
577:Oversight Subcommittee of the
264:Sergeant-at-Arms for the House
241:do not need to be recognized.
192:The Supreme Court affirmed in
160:is protected from contempt by
158:President of the United States
1:
4630:Surrender of General Burgoyne
3987:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
3150:Asian Pacific American Caucus
2743:Lost re-election in a primary
1816:Perez, Evan (June 20, 2012).
1604:Eggen, Dan (April 11, 2007).
1488:Garvey, Todd (May 12, 2017).
1272:, Todd Garvey (May 12, 2017).
1007:, son of President Joe Biden
929:, White House Chief of Staff
777:declined to prosecute. (See:
4637:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
4580:The Apotheosis of Washington
4314:Chief Administrative Officer
4152:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
773:and refusal to testify. The
4802:Health and Fitness Facility
4594:Declaration of Independence
3363:Killed or wounded in office
3184:Congressional Jewish Caucus
3157:Hispanic and Latino members
2482:Journal of Law and Politics
116:against the United States.
4908:
4216:Interparliamentary Affairs
4137:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
3773:Riddick's Senate Procedure
3200:Gender and sexual identity
1385:"WATKINS v. UNITED STATES"
1294:February 25, 2017, at the
720:White House Chief of Staff
208:Wilkinson v. United States
171:would be the first former
4822:Old Supreme Court Chamber
4535:Congressional Prayer Room
4084:
4066:
3982:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
3933:
3400:
3389:
3328:Current members by wealth
2753:Elected but did not serve
2593:
2580:
2537:
1320:December 8, 2019, at the
1036:House of Representatives
1016:House of Representatives
992:House of Representatives
966:House of Representatives
940:House of Representatives
709:
706:
699:
646:
643:
636:
619:House of Representatives
589:House of Representatives
539:Secretary of the Interior
287:William P. MacCracken Jr.
235:attorney–client privilege
4892:Law of the United States
4115:Architect of the Capitol
3977:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
3118:African-American members
2542:House of Representatives
1027:, U.S. attorney general
195:Watkins v. United States
4665:Washington at Princeton
4609:Apotheosis of Democracy
4029:Congressional Quarterly
3718:Executive communication
3708:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
3665:Suspension of the rules
3191:Native American members
2617:By shortness of service
2488:: 41–81. Archived from
1823:The Wall Street Journal
393:Subcommittee/Committee
222:Speech or Debate clause
154:Office of Legal Counsel
139:Senate sergeant at arms
4832:Webster Page Residence
4807:House Recording Studio
4651:Revolutionary War Door
4412:Register of Copyrights
3993:Biographical Directory
3462:"Necessary and Proper"
3002:Policy Committee Chair
2980:Policy Committee Chair
2531:United States Congress
1115:. EveryCRSReport.com.
1082:"Contempt of Congress"
955:, White House Adviser
840:March 17, 2016 Senate
456:Joseph A. Califano Jr.
338:federal district court
156:has asserted that the
71:contempt of Parliament
35:United States Congress
18:Congressional subpoena
4157:Technology Assessment
3578:Dear Colleague letter
3573:Continuing resolution
3568:Concurrent resolution
3047:Republican Conference
2987:Republican Conference
2948:President pro tempore
2680:Born outside the U.S.
2153:. December 19, 2019.
2045:on September 22, 2018
2011:on September 21, 2018
1793:. February 14, 2008.
1389:United States Reports
1383:Warren, Earl (1957).
1147:founders.archives.gov
971:January 6th Committee
919:January 6th Committee
775:Department of Justice
482:Charles W. Duncan Jr.
410:Secretary of Commerce
399:Ultimate Disposition
308:Statutory proceedings
4721:Mountains and Clouds
4477:Congressional Record
4334:Floor Services Chief
4221:Law Revision Counsel
3972:Continental Congress
3467:Power of enforcement
3430:Contempt of Congress
3333:From multiple states
3286:Mormon (LDS) members
3094:Congressional caucus
2738:Served a single term
2670:Expelled or censured
2612:By length of service
2099:www.hsgac.senate.gov
1912:on December 25, 2018
805:Fifth Amendment plea
771:2013 IRS controversy
493:Subcommittee of the
467:Subcommittee of the
416:Subcommittee of the
318:District of Columbia
301:Jurney v. MacCracken
173:White House official
134:Jurney v. MacCracken
95:Nathaniel Rounsavell
31:Contempt of Congress
4745:Building Commission
4226:Legislative Counsel
4147:Library of Congress
4108:Comptroller General
4098:Congressional staff
3783:Senatorial courtesy
3172:Hispanic Conference
2587:Members and leaders
2183:. November 13, 2021
2039:oversight.house.gov
2005:oversight.house.gov
1978:on October 19, 2018
1610:The Washington Post
997:January 6 Committee
945:January 6 Committee
813:US Attorney General
793:September 13, 2016
696:White House Counsel
633:White House Counsel
513:Secretary of Energy
487:Secretary of Energy
231:political questions
162:executive privilege
47:U.S. representative
4817:Old Senate Chamber
4683:VP Bust Collection
4507:United States Code
4439:Jefferson Building
4132:Cap. Guide Service
3999:Divided government
3916:Seal of the Senate
3880:Select and special
3845:Discharge petition
3798:Tie-breaking votes
3763:Recess appointment
3703:Advice and consent
3583:Discharge petition
3526:Appropriation bill
3435:Declaration of war
2627:Non-voting members
2495:on April 15, 2010.
2409:. January 18, 2024
2071:on October 5, 2018
1760:The New York Times
1725:The New York Times
1683:The New York Times
1663:washingtonpost.com
1629:The New York Times
984:February 23, 2022
958:February 23, 2022
932:December 13, 2021
886:September 17, 2020
436:Secretary of State
405:Rogers C.B. Morton
367:. You can help by
214:The Court held in
125:William MacCracken
4874:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4783:
4782:
4587:Statue of Freedom
4551:Statue of Freedom
4530:Brumidi Corridors
4502:Statutes at Large
4456:Publishing Office
4379:
4378:
4239:
4238:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4012:
4011:
3960:election disputes
3948:speaker elections
3911:Mace of the House
3758:Presiding Officer
3723:Executive session
3670:Unanimous consent
3630:Multiple referral
3615:Lame-duck session
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3311:
3310:
3111:Ethnic and racial
3055:
3054:
3042:Democratic Caucus
2965:Democratic Caucus
2917:
2916:
1585:on March 18, 2017
1525:on April 21, 2008
1309:Charles J. Cooper
1057:The Hollywood Ten
1052:Contempt of court
1043:
1042:
1010:January 10, 2024
906:October 18, 2021
550:February 25, 1982
440:November 15, 1975
414:November 11, 1975
385:
384:
342:contempt of court
283:John Nance Garner
258:Inherent contempt
239:Trade Secrets Act
16:(Redirected from
4899:
4700:
4517:Capitol Building
4491:U.S. Gov. Manual
4444:Madison Building
4407:Copyright Office
4371:Sergeant at Arms
4329:Floor Operations
4248:
4170:
4086:
4068:
3931:
3748:Morning business
3635:House procedures
3598:Joint resolution
3402:
3391:
3271:Buddhist members
3090:
2926:
2748:Switched parties
2695:Switched parties
2632:Unseated members
2622:Youngest members
2602:
2595:
2582:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2314:. March 19, 2024
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2207:Associated Press
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2181:Daily News Brief
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2091:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2016:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1974:. Archived from
1961:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1581:. Archived from
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1521:. Archived from
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1305:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1266:Report RL34097,
1261:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1078:
731:Attorney General
669:Attorney General
575:December 2, 1982
545:Subcommittee of
543:February 9, 1982
508:James B. Edwards
387:
380:
377:
359:
352:
332:Civil procedures
227:executive branch
205:As announced in
121:Air Mail Scandal
114:criminal offense
104:Anderson v. Dunn
21:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4862:
4841:
4789:
4779:
4733:
4694:
4687:
4564:Hall of Columns
4511:
4455:
4448:
4386:
4375:
4356:Parliamentarian
4297:
4288:Parliamentarian
4235:
4194:
4161:
4090:
4080:
4073:Capitol Complex
4054:
4008:
4004:Party divisions
3920:
3894:
3812:
3696:Senate-specific
3691:
3546:Closed sessions
3514:Act of Congress
3502:
3476:
3472:Taxing/spending
3396:
3377:
3368:Party switchers
3337:Died in office
3307:
3259:
3243:
3212:Equality Caucus
3195:
3167:Hispanic Caucus
3106:
3081:
3051:
3008:
2913:
2757:
2699:
2636:
2589:
2576:
2533:
2528:
2492:
2477:
2472:
2468:. May 12, 2017.
2461:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2286:The Independent
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2082:Archived letter
2074:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2014:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1938:. May 7, 2014.
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1322:Wayback Machine
1306:
1302:
1296:Wayback Machine
1280:
1276:
1262:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1183:www.govinfo.gov
1177:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1122:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1048:
1025:Merrick Garland
893:Not considered
887:
849:William P. Barr
834:
800:Not considered
794:
789:
760:
759:March 11, 2014
753:
736:
701:
693:
680:Not considered
674:
667:
657:
653:
644:Not considered
638:
631:
613:
605:
581:
576:
569:
557:Not considered
551:
549:
544:
537:
525:Not considered
518:
511:
499:Not considered
492:
485:
473:Not considered
466:
459:
447:Not considered
441:
434:
431:Henry Kissinger
422:Not considered
415:
408:
381:
375:
372:
365:needs expansion
350:
334:
310:
276:U.S. Postmaster
260:
247:
190:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4905:
4903:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4812:Senate chamber
4809:
4804:
4799:
4797:Botanic Garden
4793:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4750:office lottery
4747:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4658:Columbus Doors
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4574:Visitor Center
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4464:Public Printer
4460:
4458:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4434:Adams Building
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4082:
4081:
4071:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3955:Senate history
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:ranking member
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:Standing Rules
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Reconciliation
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Nuclear option
3750:
3745:
3742:Senate Journal
3738:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3680:Line-item veto
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Reconciliation
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3536:Budget process
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:Naturalization
3454:
3453:
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3870:List (House)
3865:List (Joint)
3835:Of the Whole
3741:
3734:
3733:Jefferson's
3620:Magic minute
3429:
3373:Slave owners
3356:2000–present
3302:Sikh members
3300:
3207:LGBT members
3133:Black Caucus
2909:118th (2023)
2904:117th (2021)
2899:116th (2019)
2894:115th (2017)
2889:114th (2015)
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1005:Hunter Biden
985:
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927:Mark Meadows
907:
902:Steve Bannon
855:
829:Backpage.com
821:contumacious
602:Rita Lavelle
582:
566:Anne Gorsuch
373:
369:adding to it
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324:for action.
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55:subcommittee
43:U.S. senator
30:
29:
4827:Power Plant
4419:Law Library
4120:Cap. Police
4089:Legislative
3778:Senate hold
3685:Pocket veto
3660:Sponsorship
3640:Quorum call
3440:Impeachment
2814:99th (1985)
2809:98th (1983)
2804:97th (1981)
2799:96th (1979)
2794:95th (1977)
2789:94th (1975)
2784:93rd (1973)
2779:92nd (1971)
2774:91st (1969)
2769:90th (1967)
2762:New members
2413:January 19,
2387:January 12,
2364:January 12,
2258:Yahoo! News
2236:January 12,
2232:. USA Today
1936:foxnews.com
1096:January 21,
979:Dan Scavino
857:Wilbur Ross
751:Lois Lerner
727:Eric Holder
637:May 9, 1996
129:Aeronautics
67:legislature
4881:Categories
4790:facilities
4497:Serial Set
4385:Library of
4361:Postmaster
4324:Doorkeeper
4185:Historical
3840:Conference
3818:Committees
3803:Traditions
3728:Filibuster
3481:Privileges
3255:Physicians
3248:Occupation
2997:Vice-Chair
2598:Membership
2383:. CBS News
2360:. NBC News
2337:. Politico
1579:senate.gov
1549:justia.com
1444:justia.com
1419:justia.com
1399:August 24,
1338:. Politico
1204:justia.com
1068:References
999:subpoena.
947:subpoena.
823:conduct."
664:Janet Reno
628:Jack Quinn
322:grand jury
245:Procedures
39:committees
4765:Longworth
4695:buildings
4678:VP's Room
4339:Historian
4278:Librarian
4273:Historian
4258:Secretary
4244:Employees
4049:Roll Call
3860:Oversight
3788:Seniority
3655:Saxbe fix
3593:Expulsion
3507:Procedure
3445:Inquiries
3425:(Dormant)
3417:Copyright
3412:Article I
3351:1950–1999
3346:1900–1949
3341:1790–1899
3060:Districts
2975:Secretary
2936:President
2716:seniority
2690:Appointed
2653:seniority
1906:house.gov
1733:0362-4331
1637:0362-4331
1499:April 30,
1473:April 24,
878:Chad Wolf
609:official
252:the floor
188:Subpoenas
123:of 1934,
4596:painting
4387:Congress
4309:Chaplain
4263:Chaplain
4042:Politico
4035:The Hill
3885:Standing
3850:Hearings
3826:Chairman
3498:Immunity
3493:Franking
3488:Salaries
3422:Commerce
3264:Religion
2685:Resigned
2439:June 12,
2434:CBS News
2312:NBC News
2155:Archived
2129:Archived
2103:Archived
1971:Politico
1940:Archived
1886:June 29,
1880:Archived
1860:June 29,
1854:Archived
1834:June 20,
1828:Archived
1795:Archived
1771:July 26,
1765:Archived
1553:Archived
1318:Archived
1292:Archived
1240:Politico
1117:Archived
1090:Archived
1046:See also
396:Chamber
316:for the
200:subpoena
88:in 1795.
51:subpoena
4846:Related
4775:Rayburn
4770:O'Neill
4729:Russell
4710:Dirksen
4559:Rotunda
4400:reports
4268:Curator
4231:Library
4190:Library
4180:Curator
4166:Offices
4091:offices
3965:memoirs
3943:memoirs
3926:History
3713:Classes
3563:Cloture
3541:Censure
3316:Related
3032:Leaders
3020:Speaker
2960:Leaders
2922:Leaders
2711:Members
2675:Classes
2648:Members
2605:Members
2407:AP News
2341:July 1,
2318:May 16,
2292:July 1,
2213:July 1,
2109:May 18,
2049:May 18,
2022:Reform.
2015:May 18,
1946:May 18,
1916:May 18,
1690:July 1,
1589:May 18,
1559:May 18,
1529:May 18,
1449:May 18,
1424:May 18,
1368:July 1,
1342:July 1,
1246:May 17,
1209:May 18,
694:Former
390:Person
119:In the
61:History
4837:Subway
4755:Cannon
4703:Senate
4693:Office
4429:THOMAS
4251:Senate
4173:Senate
4024:C-SPAN
3906:Gavels
3855:Markup
3735:Manual
3556:Senate
3405:Powers
3222:Senate
3218:Women
3123:Senate
3086:Groups
2929:Senate
2728:Former
2665:Former
2641:Senate
2547:Senate
1738:May 9,
1731:
1642:May 9,
1635:
1311:, Re:
1285:, Re:
268:Senate
152:. The
4788:Other
4738:House
4540:Crypt
4349:Board
4344:Pages
4319:Clerk
4302:House
4283:Pages
4199:House
4125:Board
4017:Media
3899:Items
3650:Rider
3551:House
3450:Trial
3227:House
3128:House
3013:House
2992:Chair
2970:Chair
2704:House
2566:119th
2562:118th
2558:117th
2493:(PDF)
2478:(PDF)
2462:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1395:: 576
1364:. CNN
4760:Ford
4715:Hart
4545:Dome
4454:Gov.
3828:and
3675:Veto
3608:list
3531:Bill
3519:list
3162:list
3067:List
3025:list
2953:list
2941:list
2723:Dean
2660:Dean
2441:2024
2415:2024
2389:2024
2366:2024
2343:2024
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2266:2021
2238:2024
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2189:2021
2163:2019
2137:2019
2111:2017
2077:2018
2051:2017
2017:2017
1984:2018
1948:2017
1918:2017
1888:2012
1862:2012
1836:2012
1803:2008
1773:2007
1740:2021
1729:ISSN
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1644:2021
1633:ISSN
1591:2017
1561:2017
1531:2017
1501:2019
1475:2019
1451:2017
1426:2017
1401:2020
1370:2024
1344:2024
1248:2017
1211:2017
1125:2019
1098:2020
1393:554
817:DOJ
607:EPA
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