58:
623:
3061:
1673:
758:
3980:
1731:
1375:
245:
1390:
1800:
2434:
3968:
711:, built by Augustus in 7 BC to celebrate his conquest of the Alps, lists among the defeated peoples the tribes of Raetia and of the Valais, but not the Helvetii. It appears that they were absorbed peacefully into the Empire during the first century AD, except for their part in the conflicts of the
1778:
But even these efforts could not restore peace and order in
Switzerland, and numerous settlements were abandoned as their inhabitants fled to more defensible places or to the South. Urban culture faded away as the cities of Nyon and Augusta Raurica were permanently abandoned during the 4th century,
1602:
The great significance of religion in the culture of Roman
Switzerland is illustrated by the imposing size and central location of the Roman temples in the cities, as well as by the great number of religious artifacts found by archaeologists. As everywhere in the Empire, the
1451:
belonged not to Roman immigrants, but to members of the Celtic aristocracy who continued to hold their lands and their rank after the Roman conquest. Of the lower classes, much less is known, although there are inscriptions attesting to the existence of guilds
1423:
While the superimposition of Roman culture on the local population appears to have been unproblematic and thorough, the Celtic traditions did not disappear entirely, resulting in a fusion of Roman and local culture that characterized all aspects of society.
1814:
withdrew all troops from the Rhine and the Danube. However, it has been argued that the withdrawal was only temporary and partial, and that Roman control of these rivers was reestablished in 411–413 with the assistance of tribes moving south from
Germania.
1476:
57:
1403:
Testaments of Roman culture such as baths, floor heating and imported goods (pottery, glass, religious icons and artworks) have been found in even the poorest Roman era dwellings, indicating that
Romanization was effective at all levels of society.
1862:, is spoken to this day. The assassination of Aetius in 454 and the subsequent retreat of Roman forces to the south of the Alps marked the definitive end of Roman power in Switzerland, and the beginning of the transition to the
1834:, a move not opposed by either absent or weakened Roman forces. These settlements established the most important cultural and linguistic division in modern Switzerland: the Burgundian areas eventually became the French-speaking
3900:
594:, continued to launch incursions into the Swiss Plateau and also had to be contained. To that end, Caesar charged the Helvetii and the Rauraci with defending their territory and established two colonies of veterans – one, the
343:
by the 2nd century AD, as the Romans enlisted the native aristocracy to engage in local government, built a network of roads connecting their newly established colonial cities and divided up the area among the
1361:
While the governmental system in the central and western part of
Switzerland, as described above, is well documented, nothing of substance is known about the political and administrative system in eastern
1436:, classical Greco-Roman art and even Oriental styles from the far reaches of the Empire. An important incentive for the local people to Romanize was the perspective of obtaining the various degrees of
1136:) was likely the capital of the Helvetii since its founding at the beginning of the 1st century. In the 40s, it benefited from the traffic brought over the St Bernard pass over a street expanded by
1238:
The colonies of Nyon, Aventicum and
Augusta Raurica were governed under republican constitutions similar to that of Rome. Most governmental powers were exercised by a pair of magistrates, the
1366:. However, records of the time show that a great number of local nobles held political and religious offices in Raetia, indicating that the Romans successfully co-opted the local elite.
2466:
2634:
273:
1144:
for the city in which he had lived for a time, or a measure to better control the
Helvetii after the events of 69 by implanting a colony of veterans in their midst.
1718:
were raided or sacked by marauding bands. The numerous caches of coins recovered from the period between 250 and 280 attest to the severity of the crisis. Only the
1854:
maintained its Roman traditions longer than the rest of
Switzerland, but most of it was eventually assimilated as well, leaving only a small territory where a
1206:
This division, established by
Augustus in 22 BC, was accompanied by a redistribution of tribal settlement areas. It remained essentially unchanged until
2923:
1350:, or tribes, which were dissolved at the time of colonization. These villages enjoyed a certain autonomy and were governed by popularly elected magistrates (
3905:
3018:
159:
153:
3338:
4005:
298:
for a period of about six centuries, beginning with the step-by-step conquest of the area by Roman armies from the 2nd century BC and ending with the
2438:
1108:
The colonies of Nyon and
Augusta Raurica at first had little cultural influence beyond their immediate surroundings. After Roman military defeats in
3489:
2459:
3272:
2770:
2540:
532:
3575:
3333:
2740:
1745:
As the Empire's frontiers receded to the Rhine, Switzerland once again became a border area. Its defenses were strengthened, especially under
4000:
3580:
3423:
3298:
2283:
355:. Roman control weakened after 401 AD, but did not entirely disappear until the mid-5th century after which the area began to be occupied by
208:
309:
tribes of the area were subjugated by successive Roman campaigns aimed at control of the strategic routes from Italy across the Alps to the
3763:
3418:
3393:
2520:
2198:
2149:
2023:
266:
2996:
2452:
2419:
Thomas S. Burn, Barbarians within the Gates of Rome, A Study of Roman Military Policy with the barbarians, CA 375-425, 1994, pp. 129-147
118:
3703:
3293:
3043:
2496:
213:
3668:
3600:
3494:
3028:
3013:
1895:
590:, as well as at blocking the potential incursion routes from the East along the Jura. The Raetians, described as savage warriors by
184:
147:
680:
as the shield of northern Italy, Rome needed to control both flanks of the mountain range. Thus it had to extend its power to the
3723:
3557:
3405:
2916:
2806:
1112:
in 12–9 BC and 6–9 AD, the frontier was moved back to the Rhine and guarded by eight legions, of which one, originally
299:
669:. At some time between 25 and 7 BC – either following the Aosta campaign or, more likely, in the course of the conquest of
3895:
3651:
3637:
3620:
3530:
3482:
3313:
3038:
2798:
1567:
As oriental religions grew more popular in the later Empire – unlike the traditional Roman cults, they promised rewards in the
259:
223:
37:
3873:
3753:
3738:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3323:
3023:
1447:
found in Switzerland, some very luxurious, attest to the existence of a wealthy and cultured upper class of landowners. Many
769:
was not really Romanized until decades after the conquest. The principal Roman settlements in Switzerland were the cities of
178:
3733:
3625:
3413:
3388:
3348:
3265:
3260:
3050:
3033:
765:
While the Roman presence was always strong in the Alps, where the crucial North-South connection had to be kept open, the
622:
233:
169:
3958:
3550:
3328:
2971:
2862:
2710:
2642:
1604:
676:
That conquest was a consequence of the Augustan imperative of securing the Imperial borders. To effectively control the
658:
74:
65:
1254:, were selected by the duomviri among former officials or priests according to their wealth, and held office for life.
3801:
3791:
3748:
3718:
3688:
3673:
3610:
3430:
3378:
3343:
3108:
2909:
1695:
692:
and all of Central Europe. The last obstacle in this path were the Raetians. After a first expedition against them by
368:
352:
218:
1440:
and the rights conferred thereby, including the right to vote, to hold public office and to render military service.
1140:, and in 71 it acquired the status of a Roman colony and of an allied city. This is believed to have been a favor of
3728:
3535:
3435:
3383:
3003:
2966:
2715:
2275:
1657:
895:
228:
124:
2444:
1629:. It is however certain that, as in Gaul, the Christian faith had already had adherents for some time before 313.
3863:
3713:
3698:
3678:
2961:
2765:
2577:
712:
673:
in 15 BC – a campaign also subjugated the Celtic tribes of the Valais and opened the Great St Bernard Pass.
194:
3826:
3693:
3630:
3615:
3400:
3318:
3255:
3069:
3008:
2725:
2705:
1804:
1496:
1321:
1181:
899:
130:
1295:("Heads of the colonists of Aventicum"). Moreover, the Roman citizens of the entire territory established the
646:. Concerted and successful efforts to gain control over the Alpine region were undertaken by his successor,
3885:
3663:
3595:
3366:
2986:
2501:
1672:
1641:
1459:
1432:
dialects in everyday use. Local artworks and religious icons of the period exhibit influences of ornamental
734:
733:
was made possible by the protection of well-defended and distant Imperial borders and a peaceful and smooth
607:
595:
579:
or Roman allies, but not yet (as has previously been believed) fully subjugating them to Roman sovereignty.
540:
336:
3060:
3931:
3924:
3778:
3743:
3605:
3540:
3518:
3308:
3288:
3201:
3181:
3131:
3116:
2953:
2936:
2582:
2530:
1759:) alongside. Numerous fortifications were built along the Rhine border and further south, providing for a
46:
3831:
3796:
3708:
3562:
3499:
3121:
2981:
2793:
2730:
1648:, in 381 or earlier. The first Christian religious buildings date to the 4th century; they are found in
1123:
798:
639:
351:
Roman civilization began to retreat from Swiss territory when it became a border region again after the
109:
1093:
3940:
3890:
3868:
3768:
3683:
3303:
3196:
2672:
2591:
2279:
1818:
In any case, the fifth century saw the apparently non-violent takeover of western Switzerland by the
1788:
1246:
1157:
1153:
1077:
697:
693:
627:
1791:
noted in around 360 that "the city was once very illustrious, as its half-ruined buildings attest."
565:, decided to leave their lands and move to the West, burning their settlements behind them – twelve
3811:
3545:
3206:
2821:
2816:
2780:
2646:
2629:
2619:
1735:
1520:
1504:
1398:
1034:
536:
340:
1244:, elected annually first by all citizens older than 25, and in later times by the city council or
573:
in 58 BC. After their surrender, Caesar sent the Helvetii home, according them the status of
3984:
3945:
3878:
3585:
3457:
3447:
3151:
2876:
2760:
2685:
2676:
2568:
2525:
2492:
1996:
1061:
958:
950:
934:
570:
494:
249:
89:
907:
852:
401:
1625:
communities in Switzerland date after 313, when the religion was officially tolerated with the
1053:
1010:
3176:
2835:
2750:
2682:
2515:
1891:
1588:
1488:
1437:
1340:), founded in the 1st century AD. On the local level, the basic administrative units were the
1200:
1114:
1097:
919:
868:
832:
828:
757:
1803:
The post-Roman division of Switzerland between the Burgundians and the Alamanni persists in
1277:
1210:'s reforms in the third century, when parts of Switzerland each belonged to the provinces of
513:
3858:
3846:
3467:
3246:
3211:
3161:
3156:
3141:
2884:
2735:
2615:
2595:
2549:
2480:
1859:
1845:
1760:
1536:
1499:. The Celtic deities came to be worshiped under the names of their Roman counterparts. Thus
1287:
930:
836:
521:
356:
569:, according to Caesar, and some 400 villages. They were decisively beaten by Caesar in the
2830:
2775:
2660:
2651:
2623:
2563:
1607:
was practiced in Switzerland; it had a particularly prominent temple in the center of the
1429:
786:
770:
708:
611:
95:
654:(Lyon) made the establishment of a safe and direct route from Gaul to Italy a priority.
3972:
3851:
3816:
3504:
3171:
3136:
3098:
2872:
2866:
2848:
2801:
2693:
2668:
2545:
2535:
1823:
1768:
1730:
1626:
1425:
1374:
1006:
631:
583:
345:
291:
99:
1810:
The Roman era of Switzerland is traditionally held to have ended in 401 AD, when
3994:
3841:
3806:
3442:
3241:
3226:
3093:
2991:
2857:
2852:
2745:
2601:
2554:
2511:
1764:
1750:
1699:
1661:
1609:
1528:
1101:
872:
812:
766:
394:
374:
318:
1458:) of boat skippers, doctors, teachers and traders, as well as to the existence of a
17:
3836:
3758:
2880:
2845:
2811:
2755:
2664:
2611:
2573:
2559:
2476:
1855:
1622:
1561:
1389:
1251:
1219:
1002:
978:
803:
738:
666:
528:
295:
1775:, with each tower no more than 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) away from the next one.
335:, the area was smoothly integrated into the prospering Empire, and its population
1571:– they also percolated into Gaul. Artifacts related to the cults of gods such as
3786:
3567:
3146:
2932:
2890:
2840:
2788:
2720:
2656:
1863:
1819:
1739:
1677:
1637:
1475:
1428:, the language of government and instruction, only gradually replaced the local
1282:
974:
962:
808:
742:
603:
552:
498:
382:
326:
287:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1799:
761:
Political borders and settlements in the area of Switzerland, 90 to 284 AD
493:
came under Roman sway by 121 BC and was incorporated into the province of
3590:
3088:
2697:
2587:
1746:
1690:
1492:
1433:
1275:, also governed the entire Helvetic population, which had the legal status of
1207:
1119:
1073:
1046:
970:
794:
729:
704:
brought Raetia – and thereby all of Switzerland – firmly under Roman control.
626:
Central Europe in 14 AD: Switzerland is divided between the provinces of
486:
425:
331:
642:
for Roman traffic failed in 57 BC due to strong opposition by the local
3186:
2783:
1703:
1645:
1568:
1549:
1417:
1383:
1259:
1141:
1129:
1089:
1042:
1018:
1014:
998:
982:
923:
778:
741:
the territory with numerous settlements and built a network of high-quality
575:
562:
433:
85:
1038:
477:
The first part of what is now Switzerland to fall to Rome was the southern
2433:
3821:
3191:
2826:
2606:
1836:
1831:
1811:
1711:
1707:
1592:
1556:
1480:
1454:
1325:
1309:
1268:
1211:
1173:
1161:
1137:
1133:
1109:
1057:
986:
966:
903:
876:
848:
844:
824:
782:
724:
701:
689:
651:
647:
556:
509:
482:
449:
413:
386:
322:
1531:, who pioneered it. Roman gods also acquired the names of local gods as
3216:
3166:
2901:
2506:
1694:
had brought to Switzerland ended, as elsewhere in the Empire, with the
1596:
1580:
1542:
1532:
1516:
1508:
1413:
1405:
1304:
1264:
1240:
1223:
1196:
1069:
1030:
1022:
990:
911:
891:
662:
643:
566:
517:
461:
441:
417:
1886:
Ducrey, Pierre (2006). "Die ersten Kulturen zwischen Alpen und Jura".
1640:, bishop of the Rauricans, in 340 (his historicity is not certain) or
1599:
have been found at the site of every Roman settlement in Switzerland.
727:
up until 260 AD, a time of exceptional peace and prosperity. The
543:
in 102 BC, the Tigurini returned to settle in the Swiss Plateau.
3236:
3221:
3126:
2702:
2690:
1851:
1780:
1755:
1719:
1649:
1633:
1584:
1576:
1512:
1409:
1363:
1329:
1313:
1215:
1169:
1165:
1026:
915:
887:
856:
840:
685:
670:
591:
524:
505:
490:
478:
457:
453:
445:
437:
429:
1767:
in 371, who established a chain of watchtowers along the Rhine from
1271:, respectively. In that capacity, the magistrates of Aventicum, as
807:) established in the 1st to 3rd century AD, as well as hundreds of
1798:
1784:
1772:
1729:
1671:
1500:
1474:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1342:
1333:
1085:
1065:
994:
954:
880:
790:
756:
681:
621:
587:
421:
409:
405:
390:
310:
306:
801:). Evidence has also been found of almost twenty Roman villages (
3231:
2639:
1827:
1653:
1572:
1337:
1192:
1081:
946:
942:
938:
864:
860:
774:
677:
599:
539:
in 107 BC, but after the Roman victory over the Teutons at
378:
314:
2905:
2448:
582:
Caesar's policy aimed at controlling the territory west of the
1714:
to enter the Swiss plateau. There, cities, villages and most
811:
of varying sizes built in the western and central part of the
1291:, or colonists, were represented by a special authority, the
1250:. The 100 members of this council, which corresponded to the
1187:
As for the Swiss plateau, its western and central part up to
27:
History of Switzerland from 2nd century BC to 5th century AD
723:
The history of Switzerland under Roman rule was, from the
393:
to the north, was recognized as a contiguous territory by
1706:
withdrew the legions from the Rhine to fight the usurper
1840:, while the people in the larger Eastern half – called
3956:
416:
were the most numerous, but which also included the
3777:
3650:
3517:
3365:
3281:
3107:
3081:
3068:
2952:
1722:, shielded by mountains, escaped these predations.
610:in northwestern Switzerland, preceding the larger
1830:) and of Northern and Central Switzerland by the
1164:), then by the procurator of the new province of
745:connecting them, allowing for the integration of
504:In around 110 BC, two Helvetic tribes under
2017:
1312:was similar to that of the Celtic tribes of the
2011:
2005:
1890:(in German) (4 ed.). Schwabe. p. 55.
1787:. Aventicum never recovered from its pillages:
1299:("Association of Roman citizens in Helvetia").
1195:) was administratively part of the province of
2170:
2168:
1763:. The border fortifications were completed by
1263:, or capitals, of the non-Roman tribes of the
1176:in AD 43 and merged with the province of
404:since the 5th century BC, settled by a mostly
2917:
2460:
2406:
2404:
2385:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
1779:the stones of their ruins serving to fortify
527:on a march to the West. In the course of the
267:
8:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2240:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2143:
2112:
2110:
2091:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2035:
2033:
1805:the distribution of languages in Switzerland
1668:Decline of Roman civilization in Switzerland
1257:Augusta Raurica and Aventicum were also the
2270:
2268:
2137:
2131:
1982:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1881:
1879:
1753:, who rebuilt the roads and built castles (
696:in 16 BC, a more thorough campaign by
481:, annexed after the Roman victory over the
321:'s defeat of the largest tribal group, the
3901:Cultural Property of National Significance
3656:
3523:
3371:
3078:
3074:
2924:
2910:
2902:
2467:
2453:
2445:
2192:
1676:Remains of the colony of Nyon overlooking
274:
260:
31:
2186:
2180:
688:, thereby also opening a direct route to
614:founded by Augustus in around 6 AD.
1888:Geschichte der Schweiz und der Schweizer
1826:in 443 as a shield against the invading
1328:) as their capital. Parts of the modern
3963:
1875:
1702:briefly seceded from Rome, the emperor
1203:. Its eastern part belonged to Raetia.
200:
193:
168:
139:
108:
64:
45:
34:
2276:"Swiss History: Life under the Romans"
1320:probably around 40 AD, and given
1152:The Alps were first administered by a
432:. South of the Swiss plateau were the
420:in north-west Switzerland centered on
2284:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
1844:in French – still speak variants of
1118:, was based in the permanent camp of
929:in central and northern Switzerland:
485:in 222 BC. The territory of the
363:Switzerland before the Roman conquest
7:
2776:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2199:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2150:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
2024:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
737:of the local population. The Romans
561:In 61 BC, the Helvetii, led by
400:This area had been dominated by the
377:, within the natural borders of the
1523:and so forth, in a practice called
1487:In the course of Romanization, the
2716:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
1688:The order and prosperity that the
1316:, which were merged into a single
1199:and for military purposes part of
531:they defeated a Roman force under
464:as well as large areas around it.
25:
2652:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
1491:of the local tribes was merged –
4006:History of Switzerland by period
3978:
3966:
3059:
2841:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2583:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2439:Ancient Roman art in Switzerland
2432:
1297:cives Romani conventus Helvetici
1293:curatores colonorum Aventicensum
1281:(inhabitants) invested with the
516:, sometimes identified with the
300:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
243:
56:
3419:President of the Confederation
1660:, known for the legend of the
1621:The first clear testaments to
1393:The theatre of Augusta Raurica
650:, as the rapid development of
1:
2174: Regula Frei-Stolba:
1795:Transition to the Middle Ages
657:In 25 BC, an army under
638:Caesar's attempt to open the
4001:Switzerland in the Roman era
1408:were found in all villages,
1273:duoviri coloniae Helvetiorum
659:Aulus Terentius Varro Murena
1696:Crisis of the Third Century
749:into the imperial economy.
369:Switzerland in the Iron Age
353:Crisis of the Third Century
4022:
1636:in Switzerland was either
1396:
1332:belonged to the colony of
1308:(tribal community) of the
1285:. The rights of the Roman
550:
366:
3918:
3659:
3526:
3374:
3077:
3057:
2943:
2488:
1346:, replacing the Helvetic
1172:was split from Raetia by
713:Year of the Four Emperors
329:in 58 BC. Under the
3379:Administrative divisions
3266:list of cities and towns
1322:Forum Claudii Vallensium
1228:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1182:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1180:to form a new province,
1148:Administrative divisions
900:Forum Claudii Vallensium
286:The territory of modern
3576:Pharmaceutical industry
1710:, allowing the warlike
608:Lucius Munatius Plancus
596:Colonia Julia Equestris
533:Lucius Cassius Longinus
520:– joined the wandering
381:to the South and East,
302:in the 5th century AD.
229:Territorial development
3581:Science and technology
3424:Federal administration
2698:Late Antique/Medieval)
2541:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2125: Alfred Hirt:
1807:
1742:
1684:The catastrophe of 260
1680:
1484:
1394:
1386:
762:
700:and the later emperor
635:
606:and the other through
547:Defeat of the Helvetii
317:, most importantly by
250:Switzerland portal
2483:in modern territories
1802:
1733:
1675:
1560:after the god of the
1478:
1392:
1377:
760:
640:Great St Bernard Pass
625:
110:Old Swiss Confederacy
3906:World Heritage Sites
2441:at Wikimedia Commons
2280:Presence Switzerland
1870:Notes and references
1842:la suisse alémanique
1789:Ammianus Marcellinus
1525:interpretatio romana
1416:– showing animal or
1158:Augusta Vindelicorum
1154:legatus pro praetore
694:Publius Silius Nerva
628:Raetia et Vindelicia
618:Conquest of the Alps
389:to the west and the
18:Conquest of the Alps
3704:Firearms regulation
3273:Statistical regions
3082:Physiographic areas
2673:Sardinia (Classical
2546:Bulgaria (Classical
1736:Irgenhausen Castrum
1698:. In 260, when the
1399:Gallo-Roman culture
1370:Culture and society
602:) on the shores of
537:Battle of Burdigala
341:Gallo-Roman culture
140:Transitional period
3669:Capital punishment
3601:Telecommunications
3495:Popular initiative
2592:Corsica (Classical
2512:Armenia (Classical
2493:Albania (Classical
1997:Regula Frei-Stolba
1808:
1743:
1681:
1485:
1483:in Augusta Raurica
1420:combat – in most.
1406:Roman public baths
1395:
1387:
763:
636:
571:Battle of Bibracte
495:Gallia Narbonensis
468:The Roman conquest
290:was a part of the
3954:
3953:
3914:
3913:
3724:Human trafficking
3646:
3645:
3513:
3512:
3490:Political parties
3483:Council of States
3406:Foreign relations
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
2899:
2898:
2881:Thrace (Classical
2873:Turkey (Classical
2665:Sicily (Classical
2612:Greece (Classical
2574:Cyprus (Classical
2560:Crimea (Classical
2555:Britain (England)
2437:Media related to
2071:Ducrey, p. 70–71.
1822:(placed there by
1539:was venerated as
1489:Celtic polytheism
1438:Roman citizenship
1318:civitas Vallensis
1201:Germania Superior
1115:Legio XIII Gemina
833:Yverdon-les-Bains
753:Roman settlements
719:Roman Switzerland
501:(58–51 BC).
284:
283:
82:(200 BC – AD 400)
16:(Redirected from
4013:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3934:
3927:
3657:
3638:Waste management
3571:
3531:Economic history
3524:
3478:National Council
3463:National Redoubt
3372:
3079:
3075:
3063:
3039:Military history
3009:Early Modern era
2926:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2827:Spain (Classical
2657:Italy (Classical
2620:Crete (Classical
2481:Byzantine Empire
2469:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2436:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2378:
2375:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2335:
2332:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2233:
2230:
2215:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2172:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2084:
2081:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2013:
2007:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1975:
1972:
1961:
1958:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1926:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1883:
1846:Alemannic German
1761:defense in depth
1503:was replaced by
1443:The hundreds of
1412:with integrated
931:Aquae Helveticae
412:), of which the
357:Germanic peoples
276:
269:
262:
248:
247:
246:
224:Military history
60:
50:
32:
21:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4010:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3910:
3874:Public holidays
3773:
3754:Social security
3642:
3569:
3509:
3453:Law enforcement
3414:Federal Council
3353:
3334:Mountain passes
3277:
3103:
3064:
3055:
2987:Federal Charter
2982:Old Confederacy
2948:
2939:
2930:
2900:
2895:
2853:Early Medieval)
2766:The Netherlands
2677:Early Medieval)
2596:Early Medieval)
2484:
2475:History of the
2473:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:Ducrey, p. 105.
2409:
2402:
2398:Ducrey, p. 104.
2397:
2393:
2389:Ducrey, p. 102.
2388:
2381:
2377:Ducrey, p. 101.
2376:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:Ducrey, p. 100.
2301:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2173:
2166:
2162:Ducrey, p. 103.
2161:
2157:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2031:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1959:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1797:
1728:
1686:
1670:
1619:
1553:and Jupiter as
1473:
1468:
1460:trade in slaves
1401:
1372:
1247:ordo decurionum
1236:
1150:
1021:or Tasgaetium (
787:Augusta Raurica
771:Iulia Equestris
755:
725:Augustan period
721:
709:tropaeum alpium
620:
612:Augusta Raurica
559:
551:Main articles:
549:
475:
470:
460:controlled the
402:La Tène culture
371:
365:
346:Roman provinces
339:into the wider
280:
244:
242:
48:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4019:
4017:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3975:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:Stock exchange
3583:
3578:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3505:Federal decree
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Extreme points
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3261:Municipalities
3258:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3099:Jura Mountains
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3051:Historiography
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3034:Modern history
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Napoleonic era
3011:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2870:
2867:Roman Carthage
2860:
2855:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2688:
2680:
2654:
2649:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2566:
2557:
2552:
2550:High Medieval)
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2428:
2427:External links
2425:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2400:
2391:
2379:
2363:
2361:Ducrey, p. 97.
2354:
2352:Ducrey, p. 98.
2336:
2334:Ducrey, p. 96.
2322:
2320:Ducrey, p. 94.
2313:
2311:Ducrey, p. 84.
2304:
2295:
2264:
2262:Ducrey, p. 78.
2255:
2253:Ducrey, p. 85.
2246:
2244:Ducrey, p. 93.
2234:
2232:Ducrey, p. 92.
2216:
2214:Ducrey, p. 91.
2204:
2196:in the online
2164:
2155:
2147:in the online
2118:
2116:Ducrey, p. 64.
2106:
2104:Ducrey, p. 72.
2097:
2095:Ducrey, p. 69.
2085:
2083:Ducrey, p. 68.
2073:
2064:
2062:Ducrey, p. 83.
2050:
2048:Ducrey, p. 89.
2041:
2039:Ducrey, p. 74.
2029:
2021:in the online
1988:
1986:Ducrey, p. 63.
1976:
1974:Ducrey, p. 62.
1962:
1960:Ducrey, p. 61.
1948:
1946:Ducrey, p. 60.
1939:
1937:Ducrey, p. 59.
1927:
1925:Ducrey, p. 54.
1915:
1913:Ducrey, p. 58.
1903:
1896:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1824:Flavius Aetius
1796:
1793:
1769:Lake Constance
1727:
1724:
1685:
1682:
1669:
1666:
1627:Edict of Milan
1618:
1615:
1497:Roman religion
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1371:
1368:
1235:
1232:
1149:
1146:
1106:
1105:
1050:
1045:or Vitodurum (
1013:or Solodurum (
1007:Pierre Pertuis
927:
884:
754:
751:
720:
717:
715:, AD 69.
661:wiped out the
632:Gallia Belgica
619:
616:
548:
545:
474:
471:
469:
466:
367:Main article:
364:
361:
292:Roman Republic
282:
281:
279:
278:
271:
264:
256:
253:
252:
239:
238:
237:
236:
234:Historiography
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
203:
202:
198:
197:
191:
190:
189:
188:
182:
173:
172:
170:Modern history
166:
165:
164:
163:
157:
151:
148:Napoleonic era
142:
141:
137:
136:
135:
134:
128:
122:
113:
112:
106:
105:
104:
103:
93:
83:
77:
69:
68:
62:
61:
53:
52:
43:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4018:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3964:
3960:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3551:Private banks
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Landsgemeinde
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3394:Supreme Court
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Swiss Plateau
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Federal state
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:Early history
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Late Antique)
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Liechtenstein
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2655:
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2638:
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2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Late Antique)
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
2001:Empire romain
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:3-7965-2067-7
1893:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:Valentinian I
1762:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:Gallic Empire
1697:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1662:Theban Legion
1659:
1658:Saint-Maurice
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:Imperial cult
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1546:, Mercury as
1545:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1102:Tinizong-Rona
1100:or Tinnetio (
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:: Acaunum or
889:
885:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:
820:
818:
814:
813:Swiss Plateau
810:
806:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Swiss plateau
759:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
726:
718:
716:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
629:
624:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
577:
572:
568:
564:
558:
554:
546:
544:
542:
541:Aquae Sextiae
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
473:Early contact
472:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
395:Julius Caesar
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Swiss plateau
370:
362:
360:
358:
354:
349:
347:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
324:
320:
319:Julius Caesar
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
277:
272:
270:
265:
263:
258:
257:
255:
254:
251:
241:
240:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
199:
196:
192:
186:
183:
180:
179:Federal state
177:
176:
175:
174:
171:
167:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:Ancien Régime
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
115:
114:
111:
107:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:Early history
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
44:
39:
33:
30:
19:
3879:National Day
3802:Coat of arms
3792:Architecture
3759:Swiss people
3749:Prostitution
3719:Homelessness
3689:Demographics
3674:Conscription
3611:Trade unions
3546:Central bank
3431:Human rights
3384:Constitution
3109:Subdivisions
3044:list of wars
2976:
2946:Major topics
2945:
2846:Vatican City
2799:Saudi Arabia
2771:North Africa
2415:
2394:
2357:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2287:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2197:
2175:
2158:
2148:
2126:
2121:
2100:
2067:
2044:
2022:
2000:
1991:
1942:
1887:
1856:Vulgar Latin
1850:
1841:
1835:
1817:
1809:
1777:
1754:
1744:
1715:
1689:
1687:
1644:, bishop of
1631:
1620:
1617:Christianity
1608:
1601:
1566:
1562:Pennine Alps
1554:
1547:
1540:
1524:
1486:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1422:
1418:gladiatorial
1402:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1317:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1276:
1272:
1258:
1256:
1252:Roman Senate
1245:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1220:Raetia Prima
1205:
1188:
1186:
1178:Alpes Graiae
1177:
1151:
1128:
1113:
1107:
979:Centum Prata
816:
815:. The known
802:
764:
746:
735:Romanization
728:
722:
706:
675:
667:Aosta Valley
656:
637:
581:
574:
560:
529:Cimbrian War
503:
476:
408:population (
399:
372:
350:
330:
304:
285:
219:LGBT history
160:Regeneration
79:
29:
3985:Switzerland
3852:Röstigraben
3729:Immigration
3536:Agriculture
3410:Government
3294:Earthquakes
3019:Restoration
3004:Reformation
2967:Enlargement
2933:Switzerland
2836:Switzerland
2802:(Classical)
2784:(Classical)
2706:(Classical)
2686:(Classical)
1864:Middle Ages
1820:Burgundians
1751:Constantine
1740:Irgenhausen
1726:Borderlands
1678:Lake Geneva
1638:Justinianus
1495:– with the
1493:syncretized
1283:Latin Right
1062:Arbor Felix
1052:in Raetia:
975:Schleitheim
963:Irgenhausen
959:Cambiodunum
951:Arialbinnum
896:St. Maurice
743:Roman roads
604:Lake Geneva
553:Gallic Wars
499:Gallic Wars
497:before the
383:Lake Geneva
337:assimilated
327:Gallic Wars
305:The mostly
288:Switzerland
209:Immigration
187:(1914–1945)
162:(1830–1847)
156:(1814–1830)
154:Restoration
150:(1798–1814)
133:(1648–1798)
127:(1516–1648)
125:Reformation
121:(1291–1516)
49:Switzerland
47:History of
3995:Categories
3859:Literature
3714:Healthcare
3699:Euthanasia
3679:Corruption
3591:Swiss made
3570:(currency)
3473:Parliament
3468:Neutrality
3089:Swiss Alps
3029:World wars
2992:Rütli Oath
2849:(Classical
2794:San Marino
2756:Montenegro
2731:Luxembourg
2694:(Classical
2643:(Classical
2521:Azerbaijan
2289:2009-07-04
1747:Diocletian
1691:Pax Romana
1632:The first
1548:Mercurius
1479:Statue of
1471:Polytheism
1434:Celtic art
1397:See also:
1234:Government
1208:Diocletian
1120:Vindonissa
1074:Bellinzona
1047:Winterthur
971:Iuliomagus
908:Pennelocus
853:Minnodurum
829:Eburodunum
795:Vindonissa
730:Pax Romana
487:Allobroges
456:, and the
426:Allobroges
424:, and the
332:Pax Romana
214:Swiss Jews
185:World Wars
102:(900–1300)
75:Prehistory
3827:Languages
3694:Education
3616:Transport
3558:Companies
3401:Elections
3339:Mountains
3319:Hydrology
3256:Districts
3070:Geography
2977:Roman era
2885:Medieval)
2877:Medieval)
2741:Macedonia
2669:Medieval)
2661:Medieval)
2647:Medieval)
2624:Medieval)
2616:Medieval)
2578:Medieval)
2564:Medieval)
2497:Medieval)
2127:Provincia
1858:dialect,
1704:Gallienus
1646:Octodurus
1642:Theodorus
1623:Christian
1613:of Nyon.
1569:afterlife
1550:Cissonius
1384:Aventicum
1356:curatores
1260:civitates
1142:Vespasian
1130:Aventicum
1094:Lapidaria
1090:Maienfeld
1054:Ad Rhenum
1043:Vitudurum
1019:Tasgetium
1015:Solothurn
1011:Salodurum
999:Petinesca
983:Kempraten
924:Massongex
819:include:
779:Aventicum
739:urbanized
576:foederati
563:Orgetorix
434:Nantuates
325:, in the
313:and into
92:(400–900)
86:Alemannia
80:Roman era
3941:Category
3886:Religion
3822:Helvetia
3817:Folklore
3734:Pensions
3664:Abortion
3596:Taxation
3458:Military
3367:Politics
3314:Glaciers
3282:By topic
2962:Timeline
2937:articles
2822:Slovenia
2817:Slovakia
2807:Scotland
2781:Portugal
2630:Guernsey
1837:Romandie
1832:Alamanni
1812:Stilicho
1712:Alemanni
1708:Ingenuus
1593:Dionysos
1589:Serapios
1557:Poeninus
1555:Jupiter
1533:epithets
1481:Hercules
1466:Religion
1455:collegia
1414:theaters
1352:magistri
1326:Martigny
1310:Helvetii
1269:Helvetii
1212:Sequania
1189:Ad Fines
1174:Claudius
1162:Augsburg
1138:Claudius
1134:Avenches
1124:Windisch
1110:Germania
1098:Tinnetie
1058:Rheineck
987:Lenzburg
967:Dietikon
939:Ad Fines
920:Tarnaiae
904:Martigny
877:Viviscus
869:Uromagus
849:Lausanne
845:Lousonna
825:Romandie
799:Windisch
783:Avenches
747:Helvetia
702:Tiberius
690:Germania
652:Lugdunum
648:Augustus
557:Helvetii
522:Germanic
512:and the
510:Tigurini
483:Insubres
458:Raetians
450:Lepontii
414:Helvetii
385:and the
323:Helvetii
195:Timeline
100:Burgundy
90:Burgundy
38:a series
36:Part of
3973:History
3959:Portals
3925:Outline
3896:Symbols
3847:Romansh
3842:Italian
3807:Cuisine
3779:Culture
3764:Welfare
3744:Poverty
3739:Prisons
3652:Society
3606:Tourism
3541:Banking
3519:Economy
3324:Islands
3309:Forests
3289:Climate
3117:Cantons
2954:History
2863:Tunisia
2858:Ukraine
2789:Romania
2761:Morocco
2746:Moldova
2635:Hungary
2607:Germany
2602:Georgia
2569:Croatia
2536:Belgium
2531:Balkans
2526:Austria
2507:Andorra
2502:Algeria
2193:Italian
2176:Colonia
2144:Italian
2018:Italian
1860:Romansh
1597:Mithras
1581:Serapis
1543:Caturix
1535:; thus
1521:Jupiter
1517:Taranis
1509:Belenus
1505:Mercury
1410:temples
1305:civitas
1278:incolae
1265:Rauraci
1241:duoviri
1224:Liguria
1197:Belgica
1070:Bilitio
1035:Turicum
1031:Zurzach
1023:Eschenz
991:Lunnern
912:Sedunum
892:Agaunum
886:in the
823:in the
665:in the
663:Salassi
644:Veragri
535:at the
518:Teutons
514:Tougeni
489:around
462:Grisons
452:in the
444:in the
442:Veragri
428:around
418:Rauraci
201:Topical
3946:Portal
3837:French
3832:German
3797:Cinema
3787:Anthem
3709:Health
3568:Franc
3563:Energy
3500:Voting
3389:Courts
3349:Rivers
2997:Growth
2935:
2812:Serbia
2751:Monaco
2711:Kuwait
2703:Kosovo
2691:Jordan
2683:Jersey
2588:France
2187:French
2181:German
2138:French
2132:German
2012:French
2006:German
1999::
1894:
1852:Raetia
1781:Geneva
1756:castra
1734:Roman
1720:Valais
1716:villae
1650:Geneva
1634:bishop
1585:Kybele
1577:Osiris
1529:Caesar
1513:Apollo
1449:villae
1445:villae
1430:Celtic
1364:Raetia
1330:Ticino
1314:Valais
1288:coloni
1216:Vienna
1170:Valais
1168:. The
1166:Raetia
1039:Zürich
1027:Tenedo
1003:Studen
916:Sitten
888:Valais
857:Moudon
841:Geneva
837:Genava
809:villas
793:) and
698:Drusus
686:Danube
671:Raetia
592:Strabo
567:oppida
525:Cimbri
508:– the
506:Divico
491:Geneva
479:Ticino
454:Ticino
448:, the
446:Valais
438:Seduni
430:Geneva
406:Celtic
307:Celtic
296:Empire
181:(1848)
119:Growth
96:Swabia
40:on the
3932:Index
3891:Sport
3869:Music
3864:Media
3769:Women
3684:Crime
3344:Parks
3329:Lakes
3304:Fauna
2891:Wales
2736:Malta
2721:Libya
2477:Roman
1995:
1785:Basel
1773:Basel
1738:near
1610:forum
1541:Mars
1501:Lugus
1426:Latin
1380:arena
1334:Comum
1086:Magia
1078:Curia
1066:Arbon
995:Olten
955:Basel
935:Baden
881:Vevey
791:Augst
682:Rhine
598:(now
588:Rhine
422:Basel
410:Gauls
391:Rhine
387:Rhône
311:Rhine
3812:Flag
3631:road
3626:rail
3436:LGBT
2640:Iraq
2479:and
2190:and
2178:in
2141:and
2129:in
2015:and
2003:in
1892:ISBN
1828:Huns
1783:and
1749:and
1656:and
1654:Chur
1573:Isis
1537:Mars
1378:The
1348:pagi
1343:vici
1338:Como
1302:The
1267:and
1226:and
1193:Pfyn
1082:Chur
947:Bern
943:Pfyn
873:Oron
865:Orbe
861:Urba
817:vici
804:vici
775:Nyon
707:The
684:and
678:Alps
630:and
600:Nyon
586:and
584:Jura
555:and
440:and
379:Alps
373:The
315:Gaul
294:and
3621:air
3448:Law
1771:to
1595:or
1527:by
1519:by
1511:by
1382:of
1358:).
1354:or
1156:in
1126:).
1092:),
1084:),
1076:),
1068:),
1060:),
1041:),
1033:),
1025:),
1017:),
1005:),
985:),
977:),
965:),
957:),
945:),
937:),
918:),
906:),
898:),
875:),
867:),
859:),
851:),
843:),
835:),
785:),
777:),
3997::
3247:ZH
3242:ZG
3237:VS
3232:VD
3227:UR
3222:TI
3217:TG
3212:SZ
3207:SO
3202:SH
3197:SG
3192:OW
3187:NW
3182:NE
3177:LU
3172:JU
3167:GR
3162:GL
3157:GE
3152:FR
3147:BS
3142:BL
3137:BE
3132:AR
3127:AG
3122:AI
2883:-
2875:-
2851:-
2829:-
2696:-
2675:-
2671:,
2667:-
2659:-
2645:-
2622:-
2614:-
2594:-
2576:-
2562:-
2548:-
2514:-
2495:-
2403:^
2382:^
2366:^
2339:^
2325:^
2282:/
2278:.
2267:^
2237:^
2219:^
2207:^
2184:,
2167:^
2135:,
2109:^
2088:^
2076:^
2053:^
2032:^
2009:,
1979:^
1965:^
1951:^
1930:^
1918:^
1906:^
1878:^
1866:.
1848:.
1664:.
1652:,
1591:,
1587:,
1583:,
1579:,
1575:,
1564:.
1515:,
1507:,
1462:.
1230:.
1222:,
1218:,
1214:,
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