1536:
512:, insisting on "Moldavian and Russian the two equal languages." Bivol took the rostrum to oppose this move, and, using his native language, insisted that minorities, while allowed to speak with each other in their own languages, should "learn Moldavian, out of respect for the Moldavian nation." His own speech was not understood by Misirkov and the other minority deputies, who asked for a Russian summary of what was being said. As temporary chairman,
574:. He argued that the only thing landowners could fear was losing such property as they no longer used for cultivation. He continued to favor complete redistribution, as defined by the slogan "all land to the laboring people", but, as Țurcanu points out, he "swiftly" moderated his stance. The agenda was postponed again by uncertainty regarding the legality of
31:
523:
On March 27, Bivol was among the majority of deputies who voted for union with
Romania, afterwards involving himself in debates about the scope and shape of the promised land reform. He endorsed a radical, egalitarian, and universal redistribution of the gentry's estates, arguing for the political
619:
approval; Bivol, who voted in favor, was one of the twelve members who met both conditions. During the final deliberations, he proposed that the expenses of land-reform procedures be transferred to the peasants themselves; he also ensured that expropriation did not interfere with any ongoing
759:
Moraru argues that Bivol was continuously tortured, in what was an effort to make him confess to political crimes, and ultimately killed off when he would not oblige the NKVD. His death was recorded as having taken place on March 12, 1942, at No 4 Prison's hospital of
739:
were active "counterrevolutionary" organizations, guilty of "criminal activity against the
Moldavian people", and described Bivol as a "landowner". Beria postponed his decision to February 1941, by which time 13 of the 14 men had died in various areas of the
789:; as noted by Moraru, the work also lists twenty-one other Bivols from Costești, which may indicate that the whole family was fundamentally anti-communist. Bivol is also commemorated in Romania, where, in 2018, his life was showcased by the
614:
commission to pass through a
Romanian-sanctioned project. As noted by Țurcanu, the decision was of questionable legality, since many of the members were absent, while others had been included without the formalities of a
872:
540:
played down the notion that gentry-owned farms were significantly more productive than peasant farms—their claims on this issue are seen by Țurcanu as manipulative, or at least mistaken. Bivol was also hostile to the
780:
for additional information. She was told that the property confiscated from Bivol could not be returned, and that: "Regretfully, we were unable to locate his place of burial." In post-Bessarabian and post-Soviet
2529:
663:
came in first). During
Assembly sessions, Bivol and other PȚB men decried the new administration's clampdown on rebellious Bessarabian peasants, and especially government's tendency to describe locals as
508:, and could therefore be preserved after union with the Romanian state. On February 5, 1918, the assembly took to debating the national language of the Republic—with ethnic-minority delegates, headed by
2489:
2559:
516:
translated the relevant parts, but echoed Bivol's opinion, noting that "the deputies should have already learned
Moldavian by now." In March, Bivol also supported assigning Pushkin Hall to
548:
The debates dragged on for 17 sessions, to June 26, when Bivol pessimistically noted: "I see things going down the path where peasants will not be receiving even a single patch of land" (
1455:
2539:
2499:
704:
449:. Archivist Alexandru Moraru calls Bivol a "Romanian Bessarabian" and "martyr of the Romanian people". In July 1918, Bivol remarked that he belonged to the Bessarabian yeomanry (
394:
2479:
703:
in 1927. The latter affiliation resulted in his return as Mayor of Costești for eight months in 1932; he was reportedly a member of that party until 1940. He witnessed the
691:, but continued to engage in local politics. He was elected Mayor of his native Costești in 1925, though he only served as such to April 1926. He was ultimately deposed by
2554:
2579:
2484:
772:. Bivol's case was declared closed, due to lack of evidence as well as to his demise, though his family was left uninformed about his ultimate fate. He only underwent
453:), whom he called "Bessarabia's oldest inhabitants", but that much of his property had been scattered into small and irretrievable pieces of land. He paid tax on 10
545:
clergy, arguing that priests should be dispossessed of their plots, and suggesting that monasteries only be granted land sparingly, in proportion to their staff.
606:. Bivol was supportive of this project, joining Halippa's Committee for the Unification of All Romanians and its 10-member leadership board. On November 18, the
2524:
1520:
571:
465:), adding: "I only use 5 dessiatins, God only knows where the rest of them are." Nicolae Bivol was drawn into the "national-democratic" movement during the
1448:
2534:
765:
414:
2574:
528:
voted him as a
Moldavian Bloc delegate on its newly established commission for land reform, where, in June, he spoke out against the preservation of
2564:
524:
goal of creating a "strong peasant class". In Bivol's view, family plots could be no less than 7 dessiatins (some 19 acres, or 7 hectares). In May,
2519:
477:, and Alexandru Ouatul. Constantin himself was a farmer down to World War I, when he was called for service in the Imperial Army, witnessing the
2594:
2569:
2544:
2514:
1441:
700:
636:
on the land assigned to peasants, which thus became inalienable. He was then assigned to the local commission which oversaw the land reform in
504:
and its "Moldavian Bloc". This subgroup believed that social justice as expressed by the
February Revolution was compatible with the agenda of
390:
247:
2584:
1426:
1413:
1295:
1267:
1239:
1177:
949:
786:
2509:
2504:
2474:
708:
677:
2549:
582:
was called in to ensure that peasants would continue to work as "obligatory tenants" of the landowners during that summer and autumn.
493:. His brother was also a member, but the circumstances of his election, and the institution which he represented, are still unclear.
2494:
680:, estimating that there were 500 thousand such co-nationals. During January 1920, he raised awareness about shortages of salt and
1525:
1490:
358:
335:
2599:
377:: Bivol supported a radical version of the project, but moderated his stance during subsequent debates. He had a stint in the
2438:
688:
652:
648:
382:
656:
644:
366:
222:
106:
1306:
Radu
Filipescu, "Partidele parlamentare și problema comunismului intern și extern în Adunarea Deputaților (1919–1924)", in
2589:
1895:
1464:
825:
378:
339:
190:
85:
1164:
Dinu Poștarencu, "Reuniunea de la Chișinău a parlamentarilor de pe ambele maluri ale
Prutului (30 septembrie 1918)", in
2215:
1860:
1170:
Identitățile Chișinăului: Orașul interbelic. Materialele
Conferinței Internaționale, Ediția a 5-a, 1–2 noiembrie 2018
776:
in the Soviet Union on July 16, 1990. His daughter, Vera Căpățină, petitioned the Moldavian prosecutor and the local
696:
386:
241:
393:, serving two additional stints as Mayor of his native village (1925–1926, 1932). He was trapped in Bessarabia by a
466:
695:
Gabriel Niculescu-Mureșanu, who had been petitioned by the local villagers. Bivol was by then affiliated with the
1835:
1670:
1505:
745:
2080:
2000:
1780:
1535:
1495:
830:
1500:
1480:
749:
1755:
785:, he is counted among the "victims of communist totalitarianism", and included as such in a 2001 book by the
1790:
773:
621:
542:
474:
418:
286:
2270:
1890:
1695:
1590:
1550:
374:
331:
146:
2423:
2220:
2190:
1885:
1640:
1356:
628:
projects, and noted that those peasants who received orchards and vineyards should not expect to receive
2205:
1805:
321:
2428:
2418:
2245:
2165:
2025:
1955:
1840:
1720:
1715:
1165:
873:"Despre soarta tragică a lui Constantin Bivol, deputat în Sfatul Țării. Un martir al neamului românesc"
313:
138:
2370:
2345:
2310:
2295:
2210:
2155:
2055:
2040:
2020:
1730:
1705:
2469:
2464:
2395:
2140:
2120:
2070:
2060:
2035:
2030:
1735:
1700:
1660:
1650:
1510:
1279:
1251:
724:
673:
669:
505:
343:
2235:
2090:
2075:
1915:
1850:
1680:
1406:
Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată a unei importante instituții politice basarabene din anii 1917–1918
2280:
2255:
2225:
2145:
2085:
1965:
1880:
1855:
1745:
1710:
1472:
482:
478:
36:
2230:
1985:
1950:
1875:
1830:
1775:
2275:
2180:
2170:
1800:
438:
362:
196:
142:
2340:
2110:
1990:
1940:
1935:
1815:
1665:
1655:
1620:
1485:
821:
537:
326:
55:
2375:
2355:
2330:
2265:
2260:
2200:
2185:
2095:
1910:
1900:
1825:
1770:
1630:
1600:
1570:
1565:
1422:
1409:
1319:
Radu Filipescu, "Românii transnistreni în dezbaterile Parlamentului României (1919–1937)", in
1291:
1263:
1235:
1173:
945:
692:
660:
607:
553:
533:
351:
347:
2380:
2335:
2315:
2305:
2125:
2105:
2065:
1960:
1925:
1810:
1795:
1760:
1685:
1645:
1585:
490:
277:
184:
77:
2390:
2320:
2300:
2135:
2130:
1870:
1820:
1580:
1575:
1555:
790:
728:
591:
309:
301:
261:
2050:
1995:
2360:
2350:
2285:
2240:
2115:
2045:
2010:
1945:
1930:
1785:
1750:
1690:
1610:
1392:
1227:
668:". On December 26, Bivol also demanded that Romania provide "brotherly support" to the
637:
509:
497:
317:
150:
40:
2458:
2433:
2400:
2325:
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2250:
2160:
2100:
1970:
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1234:, pp. 156–157. Chișinău: B. P. Hasdeu Municipal Library & Editura Ulysse, 2012.
625:
579:
567:
305:
2175:
2150:
2015:
2005:
1905:
1865:
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1740:
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595:
550:
Eu văd că lucrul nostru merge astfel că țăranii nu vor primi niciun petic de pământ
445:"—a term used in that paper for all the Romanian or Romanian-speaking delegates to
441:, with Nicolae as his brother. In a 1918 record, their ethnicity was indicated as "
410:
354:") against the linguistic pluralism championed by Bessarabia's ethnic minorities.
202:
2443:
2385:
2195:
1975:
1920:
1605:
1433:
633:
629:
513:
470:
402:
2365:
1980:
1845:
753:
732:
665:
643:
On August 23, 1918, Bivol's brother had signed up as a founding member of the
529:
297:
171:
1419:
Sfatul Țării: Documente. II: Procesele-verbale ale ședințelor Comisiei Agrare
562:
against a tradition of yeomanry. In one of his statements, he contrasted the
1515:
1375:
761:
558:
520:
Society, which had promised to create therein a Romanian-language theater.
454:
442:
167:
610:
pushed for a resolution of land reform in Bessarabia, which imposed on the
681:
603:
647:(PȚB). Constantin also joined the group, and ran on its list during the
552:). By August, he was criticizing proposals for the reintroduction of an
1287:
1284:
România Mare votează. Alegerile parlamentare din 1919 "la firul ierbii"
1259:
1256:
România Mare votează. Alegerile parlamentare din 1919 "la firul ierbii"
782:
769:
716:
532:
as inalienable land—and against the position taken by deputies such as
462:
1332:"Din București — Desbaterile parlamentare din săptămâna trecută", in
632:. Bivol also proposed, and obtained, that banks be barred from ever
566:
project, crafted "by the state for generic purposes of state", with
30:
768:. The ultimate cause recorded as a combination of malnutrition and
741:
599:
417:. Bivol's family was not informed of his death until a posthumous
406:
727:, who was commanding over the local NKVD, reported to his chief
712:
458:
398:
1437:
777:
659:, as the last of seven PȚB deputies elected in that precinct (
594:, which united the Kingdom and its Bessarabian provinces with
556:, noting that no Bessarabian peasant would have endorsed the
500:, Bivol was one of the "revolutionary romanticists" within
715:
arrested Bivol at his last known domicile, the village of
2530:
Ethnic Romanian politicians of the Bessarabia Governorate
590:
The closing months of 1918 signaled the establishment of
748:, who, in May 1941, was exchanged with Romania for the
1064:, pp. 33, 46, 63, 136–137, 164, 215, 273, 277–278, 297
291:
735:. Sazykin contended that the Moldavian Bloc and the
651:. On November 6, he was confirmed for a seat in the
489:
by the Central Moldavian Executive Committee of the
2409:
1619:
1543:
1471:
257:
232:
212:
177:
156:
121:
116:
102:
83:
73:
52:
21:
2490:National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875) politicians
1038:, pp. 27–28, 34, 107, 215, 222, 297, 301, 306, 308
731:that they were all in his custody, and proposed a
707:in June 1940, which transformed Bessarabia into a
2560:Russian Provisional Government military personnel
1308:Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica
437:Bivol was born as a Russian citizen in Costești,
578:decisions, as well as by the 1918 harvest; the
324:in World War I. He was a soldiers' delegate to
1354:"Oamenii Marii Uniri și regimul comunist", in
1449:
1398:"Sfatul Țării și problema limbii române", in
8:
2540:Agriculturalists from Bessarabia Governorate
2500:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
826:"Deputații Sfatului Țării și Lavrenti Beria"
16:Bessarabian Romanian politician (1885–1942)
1456:
1442:
1434:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
944:, p. 136. Bucharest: Editura Semne, 2011.
766:Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
369:. His main activity in the late stages of
29:
18:
2555:Russian military personnel of World War I
864:
862:
860:
401:—whose leadership investigated him as an
296:; March 10, 1885 – March 12, 1942) was a
2580:Soviet people who died in prison custody
1172:, p. 271. Chișinău: Editura ARC, 2020.
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
304:, brother of the more famous politician
2480:Bessarabian Peasants' Party politicians
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
802:
723:to be captured in that round-up; Major
586:Romanian career and Soviet imprisonment
365:, and was active within the post-union
69:November 1917 – November 1918
649:legislative election of November 1919
7:
2485:National Peasants' Party politicians
1278:Virgiliu Bîrlădeanu, "Chișinău", in
397:, and found himself arrested by the
98:November 6, 1919 – May 1920
2525:Moldovan people of Romanian descent
1023:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
1010:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
997:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
975:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
962:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
903:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
890:Sfatul Țării. Istoria zbuciumată...
709:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
678:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
405:element. He was transported to the
357:In early 1918, Bivol supported the
719:. He was one of 14 members of the
14:
2535:Soviet people of Romanian descent
2575:Moldovan prisoners and detainees
1534:
1526:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
1408:. Chișinău: Editura Arc, 2018.
995:Țurcanu (2008), pp. 56–57 &
942:Istoria Basarabiei. Note de curs
2565:Romanian people of World War II
1310:, Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2006, p. 76
1168:, Alexandru Corduneanu (eds.),
793:'s "Men of the Union" exhibit.
483:post-revolutionary Russian Army
316:, he was born a subject of the
2520:People from Kishinyovsky Uyezd
1521:Romanian military intervention
1321:Acta Moldaviae Septentrionalis
1:
2595:Deaths from digestive disease
2570:Soviet people of World War II
2545:20th-century Romanian farmers
2515:People from Ialoveni District
1465:Moldavian Democratic Republic
1402:, Issues 3–4/2008, pp. 55–59.
1282:, Andrei Florin Sora (eds.),
1254:, Andrei Florin Sora (eds.),
705:Soviet invasion of Bessarabia
699:in 1925, but defected to the
385:. He joined the consolidated
379:Romanian Assembly of Deputies
340:Moldavian Democratic Republic
338:; upon the proclamation of a
282:Константинъ Васильевич Биволъ
86:Romanian Assembly of Deputies
2585:People who died in the Gulag
1421:. Chișinău: Știința, 2018.
1323:, Vol. X, 2011, pp. 218, 219
1021:Țurcanu (2008), p. 58 &
1008:Țurcanu (2008), p. 57 &
689:recall elections of May 1920
293:Konstantin Vasilyevich Bivol
274:Constantin Vasilievici Bivol
126:Constantin Vasilievici Bivol
2510:Mayors of places in Moldova
2505:Mayors of places in Romania
1216:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1203:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1190:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1153:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1140:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1127:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1114:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1101:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1088:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1075:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1062:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1049:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
1036:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
929:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
916:Sfatul Țării: Documente. II
645:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
373:was with the commission of
367:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
330:, the regional assembly of
292:
2616:
1491:1917 Sfatul Țării election
1232:Chișinăul și chișinăuienii
787:National Museum of History
467:Russian Revolution of 1905
383:elections in November 1919
336:elections in November 1917
320:, and saw action with the
2550:Romanian agriculturalists
1532:
1506:Daniel Ciugureanu Cabinet
1360:, Issues 16–17/2018, p. 2
1250:Ion Gumenâi, "Hotin", in
687:Bivol only served to the
389:and then its rivals, the
281:
267:
112:
91:
62:
48:
39:uniform, photographed in
28:
2495:Moldovan anti-communists
1501:Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet
1481:National Moldavian Party
750:Romanian Communist Party
744:. The one exception was
697:National Peasants' Party
387:National Peasants' Party
242:National Peasants' Party
1373:în țară. Chișinău", in
1205:, pp. 346–349, 438, 445
622:sustainable agriculture
395:Soviet invasion in 1940
2600:Soviet rehabilitations
2475:Moldovan MPs 1917–1918
1379:, April 19, 1926, p. 2
1051:, pp. 59, 286–287, 291
481:. Integrated with the
332:Bessarabia Governorate
248:National Liberal Party
147:Bessarabia Governorate
986:Țurcanu (2008), p. 52
676:" communities in the
496:As seen by historian
322:Imperial Russian Army
219:Moldavian Bloc (1917)
2590:Deaths by starvation
1511:Petru Cazacu Cabinet
1336:, Issue 7/1920, p. 2
711:. On August 25, the
653:Assembly of Deputies
506:Romanian nationalism
344:Romanian nationalism
1496:Sfatul Țării Palace
1286:, pp. 77–78. Iași:
479:February Revolution
350:(known locally as "
348:Romanian vernacular
346:, and promoted the
342:, he veered toward
308:. Hailing from the
151:Russian Empire
1896:Donico-Iordăchescu
1116:, pp. 58, 261, 266
879:, December 3, 2021
877:Gazeta de Chișinău
871:Alexandru Moraru,
469:, networking with
421:process, in 1990.
363:Kingdom of Romania
2452:
2451:
1427:978-9975-85-045-2
1414:978-9975-0-0124-3
1296:978-973-46-7993-5
1268:978-973-46-7993-5
1240:978-9975-4432-0-3
1178:978-9975-0-0338-4
1025:, pp. 57, 103–104
950:978-606-15-0131-1
701:National Liberals
661:Daniel Ciugureanu
554:open-field system
534:Vladimir Tsyganko
485:, he was sent to
475:Emanuil Gavriliță
391:National Liberals
359:Republic's merger
290:
271:
270:
2607:
1671:Bazhbeuk-Melikov
1538:
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1435:
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1357:România Literară
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491:Soldiers' Soviet
295:
285:
283:
163:
135:
133:
117:Personal details
96:
78:Soldiers' Soviet
67:
33:
23:Constantin Bivol
19:
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1334:Foaia Poporului
1331:
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1280:Bogdan Murgescu
1277:
1273:
1258:, p. 82. Iași:
1252:Bogdan Murgescu
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1166:Sergiu Musteață
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940:Ștefan Purici,
939:
935:
926:
922:
913:
909:
900:
896:
887:
883:
868:
867:
838:
818:
817:
804:
799:
791:Sighet Memorial
729:Lavrentiy Beria
725:Nikolai Sazykin
657:Chișinău County
592:Greater Romania
588:
538:Mihail Minciună
435:
430:Early life and
427:
310:ethnic Romanian
302:agriculturalist
300:politician and
262:Agriculturalist
253:
234:
233:Other political
228:
213:Political party
208:
172:Tatar ASSR
165:
161:
137:
131:
129:
128:
127:
107:Chișinău County
97:
92:
68:
63:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Bosie-Codreanu
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1661:Teodosie Bârcă
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:Bosie-Codreanu
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1362:
1338:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1271:
1243:
1228:Iurie Colesnic
1220:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1157:
1144:
1131:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1090:, pp. 197, 215
1079:
1066:
1053:
1040:
1027:
1014:
1001:
988:
979:
977:, pp. 362, 384
966:
953:
933:
920:
907:
894:
881:
836:
801:
800:
798:
795:
774:rehabilitation
608:Coandă cabinet
587:
584:
570:as applied in
510:Krste Misirkov
439:Kishinev Uyezd
434:
428:
426:
423:
419:rehabilitation
415:Soviet Tataria
409:, and died of
318:Russian Empire
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
252:
251:
245:
238:
236:
230:
229:
227:
226:
220:
216:
214:
210:
209:
207:
206:
200:
194:
188:
181:
179:
175:
174:
164:(aged 57)
160:March 12, 1942
158:
154:
153:
143:Kishinev Uyezd
136:March 10, 1885
125:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
89:
88:
84:Member of the
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
60:
59:
50:
49:
46:
45:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2612:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
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1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
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1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
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1542:
1537:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1218:, pp. 431–432
1217:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1192:, pp. 53, 448
1191:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1103:, pp. 49, 153
1102:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1077:, pp. 134–137
1076:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
983:
980:
976:
970:
967:
963:
957:
954:
951:
947:
943:
937:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
874:
869:(in Romanian)
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
837:
834:, May 7, 2009
833:
832:
827:
823:
819:(in Romanian)
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
803:
796:
794:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:reforestation
623:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
581:
580:Romanian Army
577:
573:
572:Soviet Russia
569:
568:war communism
565:
561:
560:
555:
551:
546:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
433:
429:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
312:community of
311:
307:
306:Nicolae Bivol
303:
299:
294:
288:
279:
275:
266:
263:
260:
256:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
237:
231:
224:
221:
218:
217:
215:
211:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:No 4 Prison,
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
124:
120:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
95:
90:
87:
82:
79:
76:
72:
66:
61:
58:
57:
51:
47:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
2336:T. Suruceanu
2331:N. Suruceanu
2206:Poliatenciuk
1886:Curdinovschi
1791:Checerul Cuș
1675:
1656:Teodor Bârcă
1621:Sfatul Țării
1486:Sfatul Țării
1418:
1405:
1400:Transilvania
1399:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1283:
1274:
1255:
1246:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1169:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1004:
996:
991:
982:
974:
969:
961:
956:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
889:
884:
876:
829:
822:Mihail Tașcă
758:
746:Ion Codreanu
736:
720:
686:
642:
638:Soroca Uyezd
616:
611:
596:Transylvania
589:
575:
563:
557:
549:
547:
536:. Bivol and
525:
522:
517:
501:
495:
486:
450:
447:Sfatul Țării
446:
436:
431:
411:malnutrition
370:
356:
327:Sfatul Țării
325:
273:
272:
250:(1927–1940?)
235:affiliations
187:(until 1917)
162:(1942-03-12)
103:Constituency
93:
74:Constituency
64:
56:Sfatul Țării
54:
41:Soroca Uyezd
37:Russian Army
2470:1942 deaths
2465:1885 births
2201:Picior-Mare
2026:Kenigschatz
1911:Dudchievicz
1891:Diaconovici
1806:Chumachenko
1781:Cernăuțeanu
1771:V. Cazacliu
1766:I. Cazacliu
1761:G. Cazacliu
1641:Almendinger
1393:Ion Țurcanu
1155:, pp. 50–53
1012:, pp. 63–64
999:, pp. 62–63
634:foreclosing
630:arable land
530:model farms
514:Pan Halippa
498:Ion Țurcanu
471:Ion Pelivan
403:anti-Soviet
375:land reform
298:Bessarabian
244:(1925–1927)
205:(from 1940)
199:(1918–1940)
193:(1917–1918)
178:Nationality
2459:Categories
2371:Al. Țurcan
2221:Prahnițchi
2166:Osmolovski
2131:An. Moraru
2126:Al. Moraru
2071:Maculețchi
2036:Krivorukov
1916:Dumitrașcu
1841:Corobceanu
1826:Ciugureanu
1721:Budnicenko
1716:Budișteanu
1701:Botnarciuc
1571:Ciugureanu
1387:References
754:Ana Pauker
733:show trial
666:Bolsheviks
455:dessiatins
381:following
258:Profession
132:1885-03-10
53:Member of
35:Bivol, in
2412:officials
2376:L. Țurcan
2311:Steinberg
2296:Stanevici
2266:Silistaru
2256:Scobioală
2211:Ponomarev
2191:Pascăluță
2156:Nichitiuc
2141:Nagorniak
2096:Marchitan
2086:Mândrescu
2056:Lichtmann
2041:Krupensky
1811:Cijevschi
1801:Chiorescu
1711:Buciușcan
1631:Alexandri
1544:Directors
1516:Rumcherod
1376:Universul
1371:Universul
1290:, 2019.
1262:, 2019.
1214:Țurcanu,
1201:Țurcanu,
1188:Țurcanu,
1151:Țurcanu,
1138:Țurcanu,
1125:Țurcanu,
1112:Țurcanu,
1099:Țurcanu,
1086:Țurcanu,
1073:Țurcanu,
1060:Țurcanu,
1047:Țurcanu,
1034:Țurcanu,
973:Țurcanu,
960:Țurcanu,
927:Țurcanu,
914:Țurcanu,
901:Țurcanu,
888:Țurcanu,
764:, in the
762:Chistopol
752:militant
717:Dahnovici
674:Moldavian
559:obshchina
457:(some 27
443:Moldavian
425:Biography
361:into the
352:Moldavian
287:romanized
191:Moldavian
168:Chistopol
94:In office
65:In office
2429:Frățiman
2381:Turcuman
2356:Tsyganko
2321:Stroescu
2301:Starenki
2276:Sinicliu
2271:Sinadino
2136:Munteanu
2121:Moldovan
2116:Misirkov
2111:Minciună
2091:Manițchi
2081:Mămăligă
2031:Kiriloff
2006:Ignatiuc
1996:T. Herța
1991:I. Herța
1961:Grinfeld
1956:Grekulov
1941:Galețchi
1901:Dragomir
1836:Codreanu
1816:Ciorăscu
1776:Ceornega
1751:Caraiman
1741:Buzdugan
1736:Buruiană
1666:V. Bârcă
1591:Grinfeld
1576:Cojocaru
1129:, p. 107
964:, p. 362
931:, p. 228
918:, p. 222
905:, p. 362
892:, p. 248
682:kerosene
670:Romanian
604:Bukovina
543:Orthodox
463:hectares
461:, or 11
334:, after
314:Costești
197:Romanian
139:Costești
2439:Schmidt
2419:Cătărău
2396:Vizitiu
2346:Tcepciu
2326:Sucevan
2306:Stavrii
2281:Slutski
2246:Savciuc
2241:Savenco
2196:Pelivan
2171:Osoianu
2161:Novakov
2146:Năstase
2011:Inculeț
1976:Halippa
1951:Gherman
1946:Ghenzul
1931:Gafencu
1861:Creangă
1851:Cotoros
1831:Cocârlă
1821:Ciornei
1796:Chiriac
1731:Bujniță
1706:Brinici
1686:Bodescu
1651:Baltagă
1636:Alistar
1624:members
1611:Savenco
1606:Pelivan
1566:Ciobanu
1556:Catelli
1288:Polirom
1260:Polirom
1142:, p. 34
783:Moldova
770:colitis
693:Prefect
289::
278:Russian
185:Russian
2444:Slonim
2391:Valuță
2366:Tudose
2351:Topciu
2291:Spinei
2286:Soltuz
2261:Secară
2251:Sberea
2231:Rugină
2226:Rudiev
2186:Pântea
2181:Panțâr
2076:Maldor
2066:Loesch
2061:Lineff
2046:Landau
2001:Holban
1981:Harbuz
1966:Groapă
1881:Culeva
1876:Culcev
1871:Cristi
1866:Crihan
1856:Covali
1846:Costin
1786:Cernov
1756:Cărăuș
1681:Bocșan
1646:Balmez
1601:Pântea
1581:Cristi
1561:Cazacu
1473:Topics
1425:
1412:
1294:
1266:
1238:
1176:
948:
831:Timpul
737:Sfatul
721:Sfatul
617:Sfatul
612:Sfatul
602:, and
598:, the
576:Sfatul
564:Sfatul
526:Sfatul
518:Făclia
502:Sfatul
487:Sfatul
451:răzeși
432:Sfatul
371:Sfatul
225:(1919)
203:Soviet
43:, 1918
2424:Cujbă
2410:Other
2401:Zubac
2361:Tudor
2341:Țanțu
2316:Stere
2236:Sârbu
2176:Palii
2151:Neaga
2106:Mârza
2051:Lașcu
2021:Iurcu
2016:Ioncu
1986:Harea
1971:Grosu
1936:Găină
1926:Erhan
1921:Epure
1726:Buiuc
1691:Bogos
1676:Bivol
1596:Ioncu
1586:Erhan
875:, in
828:, in
797:Notes
742:Gulag
672:and "
600:Banat
459:acres
407:Gulag
2434:Popa
2386:Uncu
2216:Popa
2101:Mare
1906:Dron
1746:Cara
1423:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1174:ISBN
946:ISBN
713:NKVD
624:and
399:NKVD
157:Died
122:Born
778:KGB
756:.
655:in
413:in
223:PȚB
2461::
1395:,
1341:^
1230:,
839:^
824:,
805:^
684:.
640:.
473:,
284:,
280::
170:,
149:,
145:,
141:,
1457:e
1450:t
1443:v
1369:"
664:"
276:(
134:)
130:(
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