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coming into the world. Baron van
Swieten, to whom I go every Sunday, gave me all the works of Händel and Sebastian Bach to take home with me (after I had played them to him). When Constanze heard the fugues, she absolutely fell in love with them. Now she will listen to nothing but fugues, and particularly (in this kind of composition) the works of Händel and Bach. Well, as she has often heard me play fugues out of my head, she asked me if I had ever written any down, and when I said I had not, she scolded me roundly for not recording some of my compositions in this most artistically beautiful of all musical forms and never ceased to entreat me until I wrote down a fugue for her.
575:, offered her opinion regarding the photograph on the Classical Music Guide Forums website on 8 July 2006: "There is absolutely no way she could have traveled to visit Maximillian Keller during the period when the photograph was taken. Contrary to the statements made in the newspaper, Constanze had no contact with Keller since 1826." Third, author and historian Sean Munger noted that Constanze would have been 78 years of age in 1840; stating that living in that time period was "hard", and Constanze would have looked more like the woman seated to Keller's left: "wizened and ancient with white hair".
391:
44:
537:, Constanze has been treated harshly and unfairly by a number of her biographers: "Early 20th-century scholarship severely criticized her as unintelligent, unmusical and even unfaithful, and as a neglectful and unworthy wife to Mozart. Such assessments (still current) were based on no good evidence, were tainted with anti-feminism and were probably wrong on all counts." Complaints about unfairness to Constanze also appear in modern Mozart biographies by
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The marriage did indeed take place that day, 4 August 1782. In the marriage contract, Constanze "assigns to her bridegroom five hundred gulden which the latter has promised to augment with one thousand gulden", with the total "to pass to the survivor". Further, all joint acquisitions during the
497:
first and wrote it down while I was thinking out the prelude. I only hope that you will be able to read it, for it is written so very small; and I hope further that you will like it. Another time I shall send you something better for the clavier. My dear
Constanze is really the cause of this fugue's
348:
had tearfully declared that her mother would send the police after
Constanze if she did not return home ." On 4 August, Mozart wrote to Baroness von Waldstätten, asking: "Can the police here enter anyone's house in this way? Perhaps it is only a ruse of Madame Weber to get her daughter back. If not,
331:
The courtship continued, not entirely smoothly. Surviving correspondence indicates that Mozart and
Constanze briefly broke up in April 1782, over an episode involving jealousy (Constanze had permitted another young man to measure her calves in a parlor game). Mozart also faced a very difficult task
343:
suggests that eventually
Constanze moved in with Mozart, which would have placed her in disgrace by the mores of the time. Mozart wrote to Leopold on 31 July 1782, "All the good and well-intentioned advice you have sent fails to address the case of a man who has already gone so far with a maiden.
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in 1791, leaving debts and placing
Constanze in a difficult position. At this point Constanze's business skills came into fruition: she obtained a pension from the emperor, organized profitable memorial concerts, and embarked on a campaign to publish the works of her late husband. These efforts
420:) in 1809. From 1810 to 1820, they lived in Copenhagen, and subsequently travelled throughout Europe, especially Germany and Italy. They settled in Salzburg in 1824. Both worked on a biography of Mozart; Constanze eventually published it in 1828, two years after her second husband's death.
549:
Since first being brought to scholarly attention in 1958, numerous media sources and publications have asserted over the years that a single surviving photograph reportedly showing the only known image of Mozart's widow is that of
Constanze (Mozart) Nissen herself at age 78. The photo, or
904:, writes, "Constanze, who survived the composer by more than a half-century and upon her death in 1842 still left her two sons a major fortune of some 30,000 florins in cash, bonds, and savings accounts – all based on earnings from Mozart's music,"
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is seated center front and to his left is his wife, Josefa; from left to right in rear are the family cook, Philip
Lattner (Keller's brother in law), and Keller's daughters, Luise and Josefa; the image was first brought to scholarly attention in
300:, who agreed to help Cäcilia Weber with an annual stipend; she also took in boarders to make ends meet. The house where the Webers lived (on the second floor) was at Am Peter 11, and bore a name (as houses often did at the time):
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Max Keller. However, several Mozart scholars have rebutted the claim as false for various reasons. First, the photograph could not have been taken outdoors, since the lenses required to produce such images were not invented by
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After a while, it became apparent to Cäcilia Weber that Mozart was courting
Constanze, now 19, and in the interest of propriety, she requested that he leave. Mozart moved out on 5 September to a third-floor room in the
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The family moved to Vienna in 1779, again following
Aloysia as she pursued her career. One month after their arrival, Fridolin died. By the time Mozart moved to Vienna in 1781, Aloysia had married
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477:. Mozart was excited by this material, and a number of compositions show its influence on his own works. An important impetus was Constanze, who apparently had fallen in love with Baroque
458:(for example, in the "Christe eleison" section of the Kyrie movement, or the aria "Et incarnatus est") was intended for Constanze, who sang in the 1783 premiere of this work in Salzburg.
1494:
274:. All four were trained as singers and Josepha and Aloysia both went on to distinguished musical careers, later on performing in the premieres of a number of Mozart's works.
952:. Not all scholars take Mozart at his word; he had a motivation to exaggerate Constanze's refinement and taste, since Leopold was opposed strongly to his son marrying her (
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conserves several autograph documents from Constance Mozart, including letters to her son Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, as well as a small illustrated
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marriage were to remain the common property of both. A day after the marriage took place, the consent of Wolfgang's father arrived in the mail.
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and developed a close relationship with the Weber family. He fell in love—not with 15-year-old Constanze, but with Aloysia. While he was in
281:, an important cultural, intellectual and musical center. The 21-year-old Mozart visited Mannheim in 1777 on a job-hunting tour with his
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reportedly showing Constanze Mozart (see text for serious doubts), front on the far left, two years before her death; Bavarian composer
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gradually made Constanze financially secure and ultimately, wealthy. She sent Karl and Franz to Prague to be educated by
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until after Constanze had died in 1842. Second, it is documented that Constanze was crippled from debilitating
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Constanze was a trained musician and played a role in her husband's career. Two instances can be given.
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202:; 5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a trained Austrian singer. She was married twice, first to
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During Constanze's last years in Salzburg, she had the company of her two surviving sisters,
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I know no better remedy than to marry Constanze tomorrow morning or if possible today."
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Theresia Constanzia Adelheid Friedericke Maria Anna (27 December 1787 – 29 June 1788)
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on 20 April 1782. The letter was accompanied by a manuscript copy of the composer's
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During most of Constanze's upbringing, the family lived in her mother's hometown of
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Further postponement is out of the question." Heartz relates, "Constanze's sister
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During the period of the couple's courtship, Mozart began making visits to Baron
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Mueller von Asow, E. H. "Zu einer unbekannten Photographie Constanze Mozarts.",
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On first arriving in Vienna on 16 March 1781, Mozart stayed at the house of the
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in his Mozart biography speculatively describes the work as a love offering.
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Tombstone of Constanze Mozart, cemetery of Sebastian Church, Salzburg
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The couple had six children, of whom only two survived infancy.
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1173:. On-line edition, copyright 2007 by Oxford University Press.
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The earlier critics accused of unfairness variously include
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The marriage finally took place in an atmosphere of crisis.
481:. This is known from a letter Mozart wrote to his sister
1066:"Historic photo, and a mystery: is this Mozart's wife?"
745:
743:
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in her final years of life. As Agnes Selby, author of
258:". Fridolin's half-brother was the father of composer
246:, née Stamm. Her father, Fridolin Weber, worked as a "
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Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart
1809:
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Johann Thomas Leopold (18 October – 15 November 1786)
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getting permission for the marriage from his father,
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873:. Holbrook, Massachusetts: Bob Adams, Inc. p.
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34:
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1132:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
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1139:The Mozart Family: Four Lives in a Social Context
78:, Landkreis Lörrach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
654:
652:
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558:, Bavaria in October 1840 outside the home of
541:(1990), Solomon (1995), and Halliwell (1998).
1410:
289:, Aloysia obtained a position as a singer in
8:
1151:Mozart, Haydn and early Beethoven, 1781–1802
1283:and Nathan Broder. Oxford University Press.
27:Wife of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1762–1842)
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1417:
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1112:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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360:Raimund Leopold (17 June – 19 August 1783)
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1869:19th-century Austrian women opera singers
1864:18th-century Austrian women opera singers
957:
1894:Women singers from the Holy Roman Empire
950:http://www.schillerinstitut.dk/bach.html
1816:
1233:, Timothy Bell Trans, HarperPerennial.
1170:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
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534:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
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1342:. Wahroonga: Turton & Armstrong.
901:
897:
865:Griffin, Lynne; Kelly McCann (1992).
366:(21 September 1784 – 31 October 1858)
7:
1201:Mozart at the Gateway to His Fortune
1042:Rosie Pentreathr (27 January 2016).
238:, in the southwest of Germany, then
1289:Constanze Mozart: after the Requiem
262:. Constanze had two older sisters,
210:. She and Mozart had six children:
1358:Constanze Mozart. Eine Biographie.
1141:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25:
1874:Austrian people of German descent
1291:. Portland: Amadeus Press (1991)
913:
641:
375:Anna Maria (b/d 16 November 1789)
1831:
1819:
1794:
1793:
1654:Maria Anna Thekla Mozart (Bäsle)
1064:Sean Munger (23 February 2014).
972:Ă–sterreichische Musikzeitschrift
412:Toward the end of 1797, she met
1771:Beethoven–Haydn–Mozart Memorial
1275:Mozart: His Character, His Work
1128:Mozart: A Documentary Biography
1018:"Photo of Mozart's wife a hoax"
394:Constanze in 1802, portrait by
154:
125:
1884:People from Lörrach (district)
1378:Website about Constanze Mozart
1338:Selby, Agnes (November 1999).
585:Royal Conservatory of Brussels
450:The extraordinary writing for
316:with the staff of his patron,
1:
1016:Chris Pasles (16 July 2006).
644:, article "Mozart", section 4
381:(26 July 1791 – 29 July 1844)
1680:(paternal great-grandfather)
1523:Concert arias, songs, canons
1100:Mozart: Geld, Ruhm, und Ehre
593:Jean-Lucien Hollenfeltz fund
435:Influences on Mozart's music
226:Constanze Weber was born in
158:
129:
1660:Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
1642:Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl)
1340:Constanze, Mozart's Beloved
1231:Mozart in Vienna: 1781–1791
573:Constanze, Mozart's Beloved
379:Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
216:Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
182:Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
1910:
1386:Constanze Mozart genealogy
1323:(3rd ed.). Suhrkamp.
1153:. New York: W. W. Norton.
948:Text of letter taken from
554:, was supposedly taken in
1789:
1766:Mozart in popular culture
1578:Relationship with G minor
1247:. London: Murray. (1983)
487:Fantasy and Fugue, K. 394
414:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen
208:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen
143:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen
41:
1495:Appearance and character
1137:Halliwell, Ruth (1998).
853:Mozart Day by Day – 1789
834:Mozart Day by Day – 1788
815:Mozart Day by Day – 1787
796:Mozart Day by Day – 1786
774:Mozart Day by Day – 1783
503:Treatment by biographers
1781:Mozart Monument, Vienna
1426:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1264:, The Chautauqua Press.
1098:Bauer, GĂĽnther (2009).
407:Franz Xaver Niemetschek
270:, and one younger one,
204:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
114:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
18:Constanze Mozart-Nissen
1674:(paternal grandfather)
1313:Hildesheimer, Wolfgang
1287:Gärtner, Heinz (1991)
1245:Mozart & Constanze
528:
500:
444:
398:
1243:Carr, Francis (1983)
1227:Braunbehrens, Volkmar
990:Wolfgang Hildesheimer
605:Biographies of Mozart
510:
491:
467:Gottfried van Swieten
456:Great Mass in C minor
442:
434:
393:
385:
1573:Compositional method
1553:Works for solo piano
1360:Böhlau Verlag 2018.
1205:. New York: Norton.
900:, p. 8, citing
386:After Mozart's death
318:Archbishop Colloredo
260:Carl Maria von Weber
157: 1809;
128: 1782;
1672:Johann Georg Mozart
1607:Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
1600:Alte Mozart-Ausgabe
1356:Servatius, Viveca,
1122:Deutsch, Otto Erich
927:, pp. 485–486.
1666:Karl Thomas Mozart
1076:on 11 January 2019
839:2017-10-09 at the
820:2016-03-05 at the
801:2016-03-05 at the
779:2016-03-05 at the
589:Album de Souvenirs
545:Alleged photograph
529:
445:
399:
364:Karl Thomas Mozart
308:Marriage to Mozart
212:Karl Thomas Mozart
177:Karl Thomas Mozart
1889:Austrian sopranos
1807:
1806:
1636:Anna Maria Mozart
1616:
1615:
1366:978-3-205-20596-8
1258:Davenport, Marcia
1189:. Harper Collins.
1160:978-0-393-06634-0
1044:"10 Mozart myths"
1022:Los Angeles Times
975:13 (1958): 93–95.
869:The Book of Women
531:According to the
242:. Her mother was
236:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
228:Zell im Wiesental
190:
189:
76:Zell im Wiesental
16:(Redirected from
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1686:(brother-in-law)
1648:Constanze Mozart
1594:Köchel catalogue
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1568:Violin concertos
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1279:. Translated by
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1269:Einstein, Alfred
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1195:Wolff, Christoph
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1179:Solomon, Maynard
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1072:. Archived from
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1730:Catholic Church
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1710:(sister-in-law)
1704:(sister-in-law)
1698:(sister-in-law)
1692:(mother-in-law)
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1548:Piano concertos
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304:("God's Eye").
302:Zum Auge Gottes
240:Further Austria
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1630:Leopold Mozart
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1372:External links
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1306:Mozart's Women
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1285:
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1185:Mozart: A Life
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1165:
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1147:Heartz, Daniel
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1088:
1087:
1070:History, Music
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994:Arthur Schurig
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958:Halliwell 1998
956:, p. 63;
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939:, p. 502.
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906:
890:
883:
857:
845:
826:
807:
788:
766:
764:, p. 204.
754:
735:
733:, p. 258.
723:
721:, p. 259.
711:
709:, p. 255.
699:
697:, p. 196.
687:
685:, p. 193.
675:
673:, p. 253.
663:
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623:
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619:
618:
608:
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597:
580:
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565:Joseph Petzval
546:
543:
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436:
433:
387:
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314:Teutonic Order
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72:5 January 1762
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1879:Mozart family
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1694:
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1690:Cäcilia Weber
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341:Daniel Heartz
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256:music copyist
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60:
56:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1761:Georg Nissen
1708:Sophie Weber
1684:Joseph Lange
1678:Franz Mozart
1647:
1605:
1598:
1500:Pet starling
1357:
1339:
1318:
1305:
1302:Glover, Jane
1288:
1274:
1261:
1244:
1230:
1200:
1184:
1168:
1150:
1138:
1127:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:the original
1069:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
980:
970:
965:
944:
937:Solomon 1995
932:
925:Deutsch 1965
920:
909:
893:
868:
860:
848:
829:
810:
791:
769:
762:Deutsch 1965
757:
731:Solomon 1995
726:
719:Solomon 1995
714:
707:Solomon 1995
702:
695:Deutsch 1965
690:
683:Deutsch 1965
678:
671:Solomon 1995
666:
659:Solomon 1995
626:
625:
611:Johann Traeg
588:
582:
572:
548:
539:Braunbehrens
532:
530:
492:
479:counterpoint
464:
454:solo in the
449:
446:
422:
411:
400:
355:
351:
338:
330:
322:
311:
301:
298:Joseph Lange
295:
276:
225:
199:
192:
191:
89:(1842-03-06)
87:6 March 1842
50:Joseph Lange
48:Portrait by
29:
1859:1842 deaths
1854:1762 births
1735:Freemasonry
1460:Nationality
1440:Biographies
1381:(in German)
1049:8 September
1027:8 September
997: [
954:Heartz 2009
855:, Mozarteum
843:, Mozarteum
824:, Mozarteum
805:, Mozarteum
750:Heartz 2009
615:Cliff Eisen
520: [
402:Mozart died
396:Hans Hansen
248:double bass
222:Early years
1848:Categories
1718:Influences
1563:Symphonies
1450:Grand tour
1445:Birthplace
1080:10 January
902:Bauer 2009
898:Wolff 2012
661:, p.
622:References
517:Max Keller
418:Bratislava
206:; then to
68:1762-01-05
1826:Biography
1725:Beethoven
1470:Scatology
1465:Residence
1433:Biography
1315:(1982) .
1108:cite book
785:Mozarteum
569:arthritis
556:Altötting
97:, Austria
1799:Category
1644:(sister)
1638:(mother)
1632:(father)
1587:Editions
1475:Smallpox
1271:(1945).
1197:(2012).
1181:(1995).
1149:(2009).
1124:(1965).
837:Archived
818:Archived
799:Archived
777:Archived
599:See also
560:composer
279:Mannheim
252:prompter
250:player,
170:Children
95:Salzburg
1812:Portals
1754:Related
1745:Salieri
1558:Sonatas
1390:Rodovid
1304:(2005)
1260:(1932)
1229:(1986)
1092:Sources
483:Nannerl
452:soprano
425:Aloysia
334:Leopold
268:Aloysia
264:Josepha
232:Lörrach
163:
151:
147:
134:
122:
118:
103:Spouses
1650:(wife)
1622:Family
1543:Operas
1538:Masses
1528:Dances
1490:Prague
1485:Berlin
1364:
1346:
1327:
1319:Mozart
1295:
1262:Mozart
1251:
1237:
1209:
1157:
992:, and
881:
579:Legacy
475:Handel
429:Sophie
346:Sophie
326:Graben
291:Munich
283:mother
272:Sophie
254:, and
52:c.1782
1740:Haydn
1668:(son)
1662:(son)
1515:Music
1505:Death
1480:Italy
1001:]
914:Grove
642:Grove
627:Notes
527:1958.
524:]
511:1840
495:fugue
287:Paris
200:Weber
153:(
149:
124:(
120:
1455:Name
1362:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1155:ISBN
1114:link
1082:2019
1051:2016
1029:2016
879:ISBN
583:The
473:and
471:Bach
427:and
266:and
84:Died
58:Born
234:in
197:née
1850::
1388:,
1110:}}
1106:{{
1068:.
1020:.
1008:^
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988:,
960:).
877:.
783:,
738:^
649:^
634:^
613:–
522:de
489:.
336:.
328:.
214:,
159:d.
155:m.
130:d.
126:m.
1814::
1418:e
1411:t
1404:v
1352:.
1333:.
1308:.
1215:.
1163:.
1116:)
1084:.
1053:.
1031:.
1003:.
887:.
875:5
195:(
70:)
66:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
