735:, just procedures, peaceful relations that arise out of the Constitution – must serve as a guideline for further elaboration of the issue of the structure of BiH as a multi-national state. Territorial division (of Entities) must not serve as an instrument of ethnic segregation – on the contrary – it must accommodate ethnic groups by preserving linguistic pluralism and peace in order to contribute to the integration of the state and society as such. The constitutional principle of collective equality of constituent peoples, arising out of the designation of Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs as constituent peoples, prohibits any special privileges for one or two constituent peoples, any domination in governmental structures and any ethnic homogenisation by segregation based on territorial separation. Despite the territorial division of BiH by the establishment of two Entities, this territorial division cannot serve as a constitutional legitimacy for ethnic domination, national homogenisation, or the right to maintain results of
526:
names in the title of cultural associations. The idea of collective identity was met with opposition from the Croat, Serb and Muslim elites, and was accepted only by a small number of emerging modernising
Muslims. The Christian elites in Bosnia and Herzegovina accepted Croatian and Serbian identities as their own, which resulted in a rapid rise of Croatian and Serbian nationalism in the country. The Muslims on the other hand, gathered around their religious and landowning elites, requesting religious autonomy. The Austrian-Hungarian authorities eventually started to accept and later favoured such consolidation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2285:
537:(later renamed to Yugoslavia). The Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were the constituent ("old") nations. Although the new government changed the power dynamic among the ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the communitarianism inherited from Austria-Hungary remained dominant. This was especially evident in the voting patterns. The same situation was present in the whole of Yugoslavia, not just Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs and Croats voted for their respective parties, of which several existed, while the Muslims voted for just one, the
30:
335:
1958:
62:
776:, although intended to improve relations following the war, damaged them and segregated the country even further. Her argument lies on her finding that local policy change provides the context which determines the lasting effect that ethnic civil wars have on ethno-nationalism. So, the Dayton agreement, she argues, is the local policy change that propelled the Bosnian War into having the disastrous post-war effects on inter-ethnic relations that it did. Conversely, the
379:
1887:
518:, the religious communities with internal autonomy. The Catholics identified more with the Croatian, while the Eastern Orthodox with the Serbian nation respectively. For Muslims, identity was more related to the defence of local privileges, but it did not call into question the allegiance to the Ottoman Empire. The use of the term "Bosniak" at that time did not have a national meaning, but a regional one.
618:
836:. As a result, the differences in the ethnic makeups of the two entities are drastic; it has been estimated that Bosniaks make up around 73% of the population of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Serbs make up around 81% of the population of the Republika Srpska. All of these factors help to explain the extremity of political
817:. The evidence for this is strengthened by Hadzic et al.'s finding that those with social ties that are almost strictly contained to their own ethnic group also tend to have lower levels of inter-ethnic trust than those that do not. They also found that the Bosnian War led to increased ethnic homogeneity, which has been shown to influence
747:, but it is widely known as the "Decision on the constituency of peoples", referring to the Court's interpretation of the significance of the phrase "constituent peoples" used in the Preamble of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The decision was also the basis for other notable cases that came before the court.
844:, which Larisa Kurtovic termed "ethnic hyper-representation." Hadzic et al. argues that ethnic parties are harming Bosnia and Herzegovina's development and preventing the betterment of inter-ethnic relations, as they are incentivized to withhold universally beneficial policies in order to avoid unintentionally helping
848:
members. This argument is reinforced by the counteractive implications of the slogan of the
Republika Srpska's governing party: "RS forever and B&H while it has to last." Politicizing ethnicity makes it a focal point of people's everyday lives, driving behavior, cognition, and their experience of
549:
was unsuccessfully propagated to erase the particularistic identities. Serb and Croat populations in Bosnia and
Herzegovina saw Belgrade and Zagreb as their national centres, while at the same time, the conflict between the two groups deepened. At the same time, the decline of the Muslim elite caused
812:
that extended beyond an individual's ethnic group and diminished the probability of reforming them. Since discussions of the
Bosnian War are often contained to the microcosm of an individual's predominantly homogenous social network, there tends to be an absence of opposing viewpoints, which cements
722:
The four partial decisions were made in 2000, by which many of the articles of the constitutions of entities were found to be unconstitutional, which had a great impact on the politics of Bosnia and
Herzegovina because there was a need to adjust the current state in the country with the decision of
788:
states. In the years following the war, all three ethnic groups experienced a drastic increase in the prevalence of ethno-nationalism, the group with the most dramatic shift being the Serbs. This increased ethno-nationalism contributed to the deterioration of inter-ethnic relations in the country.
525:
occupied Bosnia and
Herzegovina in 1878, national identification was still a foreign concept to Bosnian Muslims. The new Austrian-Hungarian authorities tried to impose a collective Bosnian identity to curb Croatian and Serbian nationalism, going so far as to forbid the usage of Croatian or Serbian
808:. This leads to ethnic voting, otherwise known as voting along ethnic party lines; though, the levels of ethnic voting have begun to dwindle in recent elections, suggesting the violence's effect on ethnic voting is beginning to decrease. Still, a lasting effect of this violence is that it eroded
569:(NDH), into which Bosnia and Herzegovina was incorporated. The majority of Bosnian Muslims considered themselves to be ethnic Croats at the time. This period saw the destruction of traditional communitarianism in favour of exclusive nationalisms, with Serbs being heavily persecuted by the Croat
550:
an identity crisis among
Muslims. With Croatian and Serbian nationalism competing for their inclination, they instead found refuge in national indeterminism or Yugoslavism. In 1939, the Serbian and Croatian political leadership agreed on the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, creating the
739:. Designation of Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs as constituent peoples in the Preamble of the Constitution of BiH must be understood as an all-inclusive principle of the Constitution of BiH to which the Entities must fully adhere, pursuant to Article III.3 (b) of the Constitution of BiH.
505:
rule, the population did not identify with national categories, except for a few intellectuals from urban areas who considered themselves to be Croats or Serbs. The population of Bosnia and
Herzegovina primarily identified itself by religion, using the terms Turk (for Muslims),
772:. The situation still impedes the development of relations post-war. It has been found that ethnic civil war alone does not have a tendency to increase the abundance of ethno-nationalism in a country; though, this is context-dependent. Karin Dyrstad argues that the
604:("people"), as the other five "peoples", but were not ascribed a national republic. In 1968, the Bosnian Central Committee declared that "...Muslims are a distinct nation". For the 1971 census, accordingly, "Muslims, in the sense of a nation" was introduced.
592:, there were six republics and five constitutive nations, adding Macedonians and Montenegrins (whose identities were not earlier recognized); the Bosnian Muslims were recognized only in the late 1960s. For the 1961 census a new ethnic category was introduced–
582:
2684:
768:." Historical stereotypes and prejudice were further established by experiences of war. On the other hand, it has been found that direct individual experiences of war did not influence the individual's measured
755:
Serbs tend to be
Orthodox Christian, Croats tend to be Catholic, and Bosniaks tend to be Muslim. Tensions between these groups were expressed in terms of religion, and religious symbols continue to be used for
1946:
581:
emerged as the strongest anti-fascist force in the country. The
Partisan movement addressed Serbs, Muslims and Croats, even though most of their activity was organised by Serbs initially. In 1943, the
2426:
585:, the main political body of the Partisans in Bosnia and Herzegovina, established Bosnia and Herzegovina as a distinct territory, guaranteeing "full equality of all Serbs, Muslims and Croats".
485:
study published in 2005 found that "three main groups of Bosnia-Herzegovina, in spite of some quantitative differences, share a large fraction of the same ancient gene pool distinctive for the
2473:
365:
849:
emotion. In effect, this politicization perpetuates the poor inter-ethnic relations that have continued to embody Bosnia and Herzegovina since at least the adoption of the Dayton Agreement.
804:, even after twenty years. It has been found that communities that had a higher exposure to violence continue to have lower levels of inter-ethnic trust and associate more with their ethnic
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2714:
287:
1939:
2468:
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2119:
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1932:
878:
903:
Marjanović, D; Fornarino, S; Montagna, S; et al. (2005). "The peopling of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome haplogroups in the three main ethnic groups".
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441:
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119:
719:. The request was supplemented on 30 March 1998 when the applicant specified which provisions of the Entities' Constitutions he considered to be unconstitutional.
2421:
712:
2589:
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2129:
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The magnitude of communal exposure to violence during the Bosnian War has continued to have significant resounding effects on inter-ethnic relations and the
139:
2438:
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2155:
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for an evaluation of the consistency of the Constitution of the Republika Srpska and the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the
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Trends in the geographic concentration of development of more ethnically homogeneous areas during the war contributed to the location of the eventual
686:
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209:
92:
459:. The question of standard language is resolved in such a way that three constituent peoples have their educational and cultural institutions in the
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134:
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82:
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2012:
554:. After its creation, the leaders of JMO and the Muslim religious elites created a movement for the autonomy of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
195:
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156:
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following the war, ethnic elites were known to sometimes halt the return of displaced persons to their pre-war place of residence.
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area". However, the study also found that Serbs and Bosniaks are genetically closer to each other than either of them are to Croats.
2704:
2599:
2508:
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52:
1214:
Ethno-Political Conflicts in Post-Communist Societies: Prospects for Resolution and Prevention in the Context of International Law
3088:
3040:
2937:
2932:
2537:
1988:
777:
732:
514:" or Latins (for the Catholics). The Christians, both the Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox, were organised in their respective
432:. The most easily recognisable feature that distinguishes the three ethnic groups is their religion, with Bosniaks predominantly
413:
260:
2674:
2541:
2093:
2058:
1995:
433:
409:
271:
247:
237:
43:
3045:
2897:
2679:
2642:
2220:
1775:
1717:
Kaufman, Stuart (2003). "Ethnic conflict and Eurasian security". In Kay, Sean; Sperling, James; Papacosma, S. Victor (eds.).
643:
309:
202:
114:
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moved into an area in which their activated ethnic identity aligned with that of the majority. To further exacerbate ethnic
1365:
723:
the Court. A narrow majority (5-4) ruled in favour of the applicant. In its decision, among other things, the Court stated:
3050:
2617:
2088:
2078:
2027:
794:
339:
223:
2997:
635:
566:
538:
2967:
2927:
2907:
2887:
2790:
2657:
1459:"Ethnicity and strategy in the Bosnian civil war: Explanations for the severity of violence in Bosnian municipalities"
760:. Fundamentalists existed on all sides; so, in regards to propaganda supported by the views of religious leaders, the
679:
784:
within the country. Before the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina had rather good inter-ethnic relations compared to other
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87:
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The prevalence of this ethno-nationalism can be displayed, in part, by the finding that, upon return, almost all
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97:
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2171:
2042:
1966:
1916:
Kofman, Daniel (2001). "Self-determination in a multiethnic state: Bosnians, Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs".
501:
existed, no specific Bosnian identity emerged during medieval times. In Bosnia and Herzegovina during the
387:
1593:(1996). "Bosnia and Hercegovina – State and Communitarianism". In Dyker, David A.; Vejvoda, Ivan (eds.).
1505:
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534:
452:
124:
1658:
From Culture to Ethnicity to Conflict: An Anthropological Perspective on International Ethnic Conflict
29:
1216:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government. pp. 29–33.
845:
708:
589:
1681:. Berghof Forschungszentrum für Konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung; LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 21–.
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2627:
841:
818:
711:, at the time Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, instituted proceedings before the
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61:
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1857:
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920:
814:
790:
769:
546:
498:
468:
166:
107:
1676:
1314:"Does violence against civilians depress voter turnout? Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina"
2622:
2498:
2399:
2267:
2208:
1749:
1517:
1470:
1424:
1413:"Don't Talk About the Elephant: Silence and Ethnic Boundaries in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina"
1377:
1325:
1284:
1240:
1178:
912:
833:
801:
773:
736:
472:
464:
161:
102:
1458:
1229:"Population ageing and low fertility: recent demographic changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina"
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2361:
2083:
2022:
1590:
805:
522:
1123:
Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, U-5/98 (Partial Decision Part 3), p. 36,
424:
are explicitly mentioned in the constitution, and that none of them can be considered a
2017:
1904:
1850:
1788:
Youth Ethnic and National Identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social Science Approaches
1553:
Youth Ethnic and National Identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social Science Approaches
809:
785:
781:
502:
456:
425:
1738:"Etnička distanca građana Republike Srpske i Federacije BiH prema narodima bivše SFRJ"
3113:
1490:
1397:
1337:
1260:
1228:
1198:
916:
873:
765:
932:
780:
makeup of the Dayton agreement suggested it would have a beneficial effect on inter-
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562:
558:
479:
421:
1828:
1807:
1786:
1697:
1632:
1278:
2647:
2366:
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on ethnically homogenous areas in a way meant to further induce ethnic voting.
761:
617:
583:
State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
530:
151:
1900:
1571:
1429:
1412:
1381:
1329:
1244:
482:
1678:
Peacebuilding and Civil Society in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ten Years After Dayton
1531:
1482:
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1438:
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1252:
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1522:
728:
429:
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570:
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2533:
2529:
1981:
1124:
574:
405:
1901:"Bosnia and Herzegovina: an ethnically divided country | DW Documentary"
1754:
1737:
1551:
1719:
Limiting Institutions?: The Challenge of Eurasian Security Governance
533:, Bosnia and Herzegovina was incorporated into the newly established
486:
1918:
Reconstructing Multiethnic Societies: The Case of Bosnia-Herzegovina
1852:
Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina
1595:
Yugoslavia and After: A Study in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth
1280:
Post-War Bosnia: Ethnicity, Inequality and Public Sector Governance
1167:"After ethnic civil war: Ethno-nationalism in the Western Balkans"
377:
2729:
2144:
1928:
390:
belongs to one of its three autochthonous constituent peoples (
1364:
Hadzic, Dino; Carlson, David; Tavits, Margit (December 2017).
611:
608:
Decision of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1614:
Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires
463:
which are considered official languages at sub-state levels:
382:
Ethnic map of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to 2013 census
33:
Population density and ethnic distribution (2013 census data)
1457:
Costalli, Stefano; Moro, Francesco Niccolò (November 2012).
1809:
Making Yugoslavs: Identity in King Aleksandar's Yugoslavia
1312:
Alacevich, Caterina; Zejcirovic, Dijana (December 2020).
1135:
1133:
958:
956:
954:
1107:
1105:
1103:
639:
731:
state and society as well as underlying assumptions –
596:–with which 972,954 Bosnians identified. In 1964, the
1631:
Donia, Robert J.; Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994).
399:
3059:
3021:
2763:
2598:
2522:
2484:
2382:
2292:
2179:
2005:
1973:
1879:
565:invaded Yugoslavia and established its puppet, the
1849:
1785:Danijela Majstorovic; Vladimir Turjacanin (2013).
1830:A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration
1366:"How Exposure to Violence Affects Ethnic Voting"
879:1953 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1660:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 243–.
725:
510:(Christians) or Greeks (for the Orthodox) and "
1768:Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War
577:murdered Muslims as a reprisal. The communist
18:Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2741:
2156:
1940:
1227:Pobric, Alma; Robinson, Guy M. (March 2015).
813:ethnic boundaries based on ethnically biased
359:
8:
2246:Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1634:Bosnia and Hercegovina: A Tradition Betrayed
644:introducing citations to additional sources
140:Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1721:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2748:
2734:
2726:
2163:
2149:
2141:
1947:
1933:
1925:
366:
352:
38:
1753:
1637:. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
1521:
1428:
655:"Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina"
2241:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1082:
1070:
1046:
1022:
998:
986:
974:
962:
634:Relevant discussion may be found on the
135:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
28:
3120:Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2226:Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina
1139:
1034:
945:
895:
884:Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina
270:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
201:
194:
187:
180:
120:Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina
50:
1876:
1699:Yugoslavia: A State that Withered Away
1556:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 65–68.
1283:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 29–33.
1058:
864:Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
717:Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina
447:Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs speak the
1545:
1543:
1541:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
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1160:
1158:
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1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1111:
1094:
1010:
535:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
7:
2395:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1370:British Journal of Political Science
830:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
420:refers to the fact that these three
1616:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
2253:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1856:. Texas A&M University Press.
147:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
25:
1806:Nielsen, Christian Axboe (2014).
1504:Kurtović, Larisa (1 March 2018).
859:History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
340:Bosnia and Herzegovina portal
53:Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2283:
1956:
1885:
1318:Journal of Comparative Economics
1165:Dyrstad, Karin (November 2012).
917:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x
743:The formal name of this item is
627:relies largely or entirely on a
616:
541:(JMO). During the reign of King
333:
60:
1812:. University of Toronto Press.
386:More than 96% of population of
2221:Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina
1675:Fischer, Martina, ed. (2006).
1597:. London-New York: Routledge.
1550:Danijela, Majstorovic (2013).
1233:Journal of Population Research
115:Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina
1:
2045:(part of Albanians in Bosnia)
869:Exodus of Muslims from Serbia
764:took on some features of a "
567:Independent State of Croatia
539:Yugoslav Muslim Organization
1833:. Oxford University Press.
1702:. Purdue University Press.
3136:
1652:Eller, Jack David (1999).
826:Inter-Entity Boundary Line
2281:
2107:
1884:
1848:Velikonja, Mitja (2003).
1827:Trbovich, Ana S. (2008).
1791:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
1612:Bougarel, Xavier (2017).
1463:Journal of Peace Research
1430:10.1007/s10746-018-9457-9
1411:Mijić, Ana (March 2018).
1382:10.1017/S0007123417000448
1330:10.1016/j.jce.2020.04.006
1245:10.1007/s12546-014-9141-5
1171:Journal of Peace Research
400:
2757:Ethnic groups in Europe
2390:Administrative divisions
1506:"Conjuring "the people""
1475:10.1177/0022343312453593
1277:Bieber, Florian (2006).
1183:10.1177/0022343312439202
905:Annals of Human Genetics
455:known in linguistics as
1523:10.3167/fcl.2018.800104
1289:2027/mdp.39015063674975
2806:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2665:Decorations and medals
2172:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1967:Bosnia and Herzegovina
751:Inter-ethnic relations
741:
588:With the formation of
436:, Serbs predominantly
395:
388:Bosnia and Herzegovina
383:
34:
2231:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1696:Jović, Dejan (2009).
1212:Jourek, Olga (1999).
707:On 12 February 1998,
493:Historical background
453:pluricentric language
381:
125:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
32:
2715:World Heritage Sites
2422:Council of Ministers
1974:Constitutive peoples
758:nationalist purposes
713:Constitutional Court
640:improve this article
590:Socialist Yugoslavia
401:конститутивни народи
396:konstitutivni narodi
288:World Heritage Sites
3022:States with limited
2700:Serbian epic poetry
2628:Bosniak epic poetry
2130:Demographic History
2006:National minorities
1755:10.2298/PSI0302141P
1736:Puhalo, S. (2003).
819:government spending
815:collective memories
552:Banovina of Croatia
2685:National monuments
2504:Telecommunications
1907:. 14 January 2018.
1097:, pp. 48, 57.
579:Yugoslav Partisans
545:, a modern single
461:standard varieties
449:Shtokavian dialect
384:
35:
3107:
3106:
2723:
2722:
2454:Political parties
2439:Foreign relations
2273:Siege of Sarajevo
2214:Kingdom of Bosnia
2138:
2137:
1912:
1911:
1863:978-1-60344-724-9
1840:978-0-19-533343-5
1819:978-1-4426-2750-5
1798:978-1-349-46717-4
1709:978-1-55753-495-8
1688:978-3-8258-8793-3
1644:978-1-85065-212-0
1563:978-1-349-46716-7
1298:978-1-4039-9882-8
1049:, pp. 88–89.
1025:, pp. 84–85.
791:displaced persons
770:ethno-nationalism
709:Alija Izetbegović
705:
704:
690:
573:, while the Serb
547:Yugoslav identity
499:Kingdom of Bosnia
376:
375:
167:Siege of Sarajevo
108:Kingdom of Bosnia
16:(Redirected from
3127:
3060:Dependencies and
2764:Sovereign states
2750:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2623:Bosnian language
2400:Republika Srpska
2287:
2268:Bosnian genocide
2263:Ethnic cleansing
2209:Banate of Bosnia
2199:Medieval history
2165:
2158:
2151:
2142:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1921:
1908:
1889:
1888:
1877:
1867:
1855:
1844:
1823:
1802:
1781:
1759:
1757:
1732:
1713:
1692:
1671:
1648:
1627:
1608:
1591:Bougarel, Xavier
1576:
1575:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1361:
1342:
1341:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1162:
1143:
1137:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
949:
943:
937:
936:
911:(Pt 6): 757–63.
900:
834:Republika Srpska
802:political system
782:ethnic relations
774:Dayton agreement
737:ethnic cleansing
700:
697:
691:
689:
648:
620:
612:
600:were declared a
438:Eastern Orthodox
403:
402:
368:
361:
354:
338:
337:
336:
162:Bosnian genocide
157:Ethnic cleansing
103:Banate of Bosnia
93:Medieval history
64:
55:
39:
21:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3061:
3055:
3041:Northern Cyprus
3023:
3017:
2938:North Macedonia
2759:
2754:
2724:
2719:
2690:Public holidays
2594:
2518:
2480:
2444:Law enforcement
2378:
2352:Protected areas
2288:
2279:
2175:
2169:
2139:
2134:
2103:
2001:
1969:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1915:
1899:
1896:Wayback Machine
1886:
1880:External videos
1875:
1873:Further reading
1870:
1864:
1847:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1784:
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1729:
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1589:
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1580:
1579:
1564:
1549:
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1539:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1363:
1362:
1345:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1164:
1163:
1146:
1138:
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1122:
1118:
1110:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
952:
944:
940:
902:
901:
897:
892:
855:
810:social networks
806:political party
753:
701:
695:
692:
649:
647:
633:
621:
610:
523:Austria-Hungary
495:
372:
334:
332:
325:
324:
320:National anthem
305:
304:
293:
292:
283:
282:
266:
265:
251:
250:
176:
175:
174:
173:
76:
75:
51:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3133:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3062:other entities
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3013:United Kingdom
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2826:Czech Republic
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2317:Extreme points
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1905:Deutsche Welle
1882:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1845:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1776:
1770:. Frank Cass.
1760:
1748:(2): 141–156.
1733:
1727:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1622:
1609:
1603:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1562:
1537:
1496:
1469:(6): 801–815.
1444:
1423:(1): 137–156.
1403:
1376:(1): 345–362.
1343:
1324:(4): 841–865.
1304:
1297:
1266:
1219:
1204:
1177:(6): 817–831.
1144:
1129:
1127:, 1 July 2000.
1116:
1114:, p. 282.
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1013:, p. 320.
1003:
1001:, pp. 84.
991:
979:
967:
950:
938:
894:
893:
891:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
854:
851:
786:Western Balkan
752:
749:
727:Elements of a
703:
702:
638:. Please help
624:
622:
615:
609:
606:
494:
491:
457:Serbo-Croatian
392:Serbo-Croatian
374:
373:
371:
370:
363:
356:
348:
345:
344:
343:
342:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
306:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
284:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:
268:
267:
264:
263:
258:
252:
246:
245:
244:
241:
240:
234:
233:
227:
226:
220:
219:
213:
212:
206:
205:
199:
198:
192:
191:
185:
184:
178:
177:
172:
171:
170:
169:
164:
159:
149:
144:
143:
142:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
90:
85:
79:
78:
77:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3132:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Faroe Islands
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:South Ossetia
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Liechtenstein
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:National Flag
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Ethnic groups
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Early history
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:Ethnic groups
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:Redžić, Enver
1761:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1728:9780719066054
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1667:0-472-08538-7
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1623:9781350003590
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1604:9780582246379
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1516:(80): 43–62.
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:Human Studies
1414:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:, p. 21.
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1085:, p. 90.
1084:
1083:Bougarel 1996
1079:
1076:
1073:, p. 89.
1072:
1071:Bougarel 1996
1067:
1064:
1061:, p. 45.
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:Bougarel 1996
1043:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:Bougarel 1996
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:Bougarel 1996
995:
992:
989:, p. 82.
988:
987:Bougarel 1996
983:
980:
977:, p. 79.
976:
975:Bougarel 1996
971:
968:
965:, p. 10.
964:
963:Bougarel 2017
959:
957:
955:
951:
948:, p. 55.
947:
942:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
899:
896:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:Yugoslav wars
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:
850:
847:
843:
840:along ethnic
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:religious war
763:
759:
750:
748:
746:
740:
738:
734:
730:
724:
720:
718:
714:
710:
699:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
664:
660:
657: –
656:
652:
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2548:Demographics
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2367:Herzegovina
2312:Environment
2258:Bosnian War
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2115:1991 census
2049:Macedonians
1742:Psihologija
1059:Redžić 2005
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778:pluralistic
762:Bosnian War
561:, in 1941,
543:Alexander I
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416:. The term
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1777:0714656259
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696:March 2018
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256:Television
231:Literature
3079:Gibraltar
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2568:Languages
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2294:Geography
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2013:Albanians
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1583:Sources
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2342:Lakes
2325:Birds
2094:Turks
2059:Poles
1996:Serbs
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602:narod
521:When
451:of a
410:Serbs
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1858:ISBN
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