237:
104:
109:
170:
1607:
1256:
51:
592:, established a wide range of civil liberties, and restricted the rights of property relative to individual rights. These provisions frightened the more conservative elements in Dominican society, which banded together to oust Bosch and his constitution in September 1963. Subsequently, the more conservative 1962 constitution was restored. In the name of constitutionalism, Bosch and his followers launched a revolution in 1965, the objective of which was the restoration of the liberal 1963 constitution.
439:
557:
replaced the country's liberal, democratic government during its first year. The new regime proceeded to write its own constitution. This second constitution considerably strengthened the executive, weakened the legislative and judicial branches, and gave the president widespread emergency powers, including the power to suspend basic rights and to rule by decree. After that, the country's governance often alternated between liberal and authoritarian constitutional systems.
787:
599:
and his party in control, the
Dominicans wrote still another constitution. This one was intended to avert the conflicts and polarization of the past by combining features from both the liberal and the conservative traditions. The 1966 Constitution incorporated a long list of basic rights and provided
556:
The first
Dominican constitution was promulgated on November 6, 1844, immediately after the nation achieved independence from Haiti. It was a liberal document with many familiar elements—separation of powers, checks and balances, and a long list of basic rights. However, an authoritarian government
501:
in 1844. This statistic is a somewhat deceiving indicator of political stability, however, because of the
Dominican practice of promulgating a new constitution whenever an amendment is ratified. Although technically different from each other in some particular provisions, most new constitutions
505:
A large number of constitutions do, however, reflect a fundamental lack of consensus on the rules that should govern the national political life. Most
Dominican governments felt compelled upon taking office to write new constitutions that changed the rules to fit their own wishes. Not only did
560:
Even the dictator Rafael
Trujillo always operated under the banner of constitutionalism. Under Trujillo, however, the legislature was simply a rubber stamp; the courts were not independent, and basic rights ceased to exist. He governed as a tyrant, unfettered by constitutional restrictions.
670:) on November 6. Since then, it has been held on the closest Monday to that date to ensure a three-day weekend. In 2020, it fell on November 9. In 2021, it fell on November 8. In 2022, it fell on November 7. It will occur on these days in coming years:
600:
a strengthened legislature; however, it also gave extensive powers to the executive, including emergency powers. In this way, the country sought to bridge the gap between its democratic and authoritarian constitutions by compromising their differences.
1565:
617:
ordered for a new constitution to be drafted. The constitution has faced notable criticism, both abroad and at home, with opponents referring to it as an "injustice" and as a "step backward" for ensuring
506:
successive governments often strenuously disagree with their predecessors' policies and programs, but they often wholly rejected the institutional framework within which their predecessors had operated.
125:
510:—loyalty to a stable set of governing principles and laws rather than to the person who promulgates them—became a matter of overriding importance in the Dominican Republic only after the death of
476:
147:
541:. Beyond that, however, consensus broke down. The country had been alternately dominated throughout its history by two constitutional traditions, one relatively democratic and the other
252:
354:
1911:
407:
403:
1779:
1456:
342:
420:
2000:
1662:
1657:
1387:
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361:
1745:
309:
304:
262:
236:
71:
2035:
292:
287:
1840:
1835:
1784:
1555:
1382:
611:
182:
1830:
1740:
1596:
1494:
462:
389:
379:
1864:
1297:
1929:
1901:
1891:
1647:
1723:
1682:
1677:
1632:
1065:
1050:
326:
321:
200:
117:
1818:
1449:
1377:
243:
1944:
1881:
1823:
1606:
981:
1750:
1210:
425:
573:. Although promulgated as a new document, the 1962 constitution was a continuation of the Trujillo constitution, and it was thus unpopular.
1312:
1627:
257:
1886:
1850:
1735:
1667:
1615:
1523:
1075:
569:
After
Trujillo died in 1961, the constitution was amended to provide for new elections and to allow the transfer of power to an interim
349:
276:
230:
176:
103:
1906:
1774:
1769:
1713:
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1545:
1489:
1442:
1357:
1302:
1220:
638:. As a result, the Dominican Republic has become the fifth jurisdiction in the world with a complete (no exceptions) ban on abortion (
589:
95:
41:
29:
2040:
1993:
1921:
1845:
1798:
1708:
1474:
1235:
498:
217:
1672:
366:
1974:
1969:
1939:
1718:
139:
1964:
1876:
1652:
1637:
1362:
1954:
585:
502:
contained only minor modifications of those previously in effect. Sweeping constitutional innovations were relatively rare.
1959:
1757:
1550:
1422:
76:
1230:
1372:
1043:
449:
169:
2009:
1352:
1342:
1150:
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869:
415:
108:
1405:
1367:
1949:
1410:
1400:
1347:
1317:
1307:
1125:
393:
2014:
1762:
1560:
1540:
1535:
1322:
1245:
1215:
1190:
1160:
1085:
1080:
976:
801:
518:
443:
1337:
1332:
1327:
595:
Largely due to the United States military intervention of April 1965, the civil war had died down by 1966. With
1225:
1200:
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1120:
1090:
698:
1277:
1292:
1287:
1155:
996:
895:
828:
1483:
1240:
1180:
1145:
1100:
1036:
643:
577:
152:
50:
1028:
1501:
1195:
1185:
1165:
1110:
1105:
1095:
635:
844:
1282:
1170:
1115:
647:
631:
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130:
1506:
1205:
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1020:
746:
534:
1586:
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805:
614:
596:
538:
1465:
949:
693:
490:
1575:
1012:
1004:
796:
Jonathan
Hartlyn (December 1989). "Constitutional Development". In Haggerty, Richard A. (ed.).
747:"Dominican Republic: Government >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge"
1896:
809:
639:
623:
581:
507:
1581:
663:
570:
530:
1571:
511:
1810:
1529:
1517:
208:
721:
2029:
1934:
791:
542:
191:
651:
619:
526:
494:
545:. Rarely were there attempts to bridge the gap between these diametric opposites.
927:
873:
1642:
1434:
1269:
522:
1255:
627:
1511:
662:
Until 2011, a public holiday was held to commemorate
Constitution Day (
1591:
622:
in the country, especially towards women and homosexuals. A ban on
813:
790:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
722:"Constitutions around the world : A View from Latin America"
1438:
1032:
584:
government drafted a new and far more liberal constitution. It
517:
Dominicans historically had agreed that government should be
924:"ZENIT – Dominican Republic Rejects Changes to Marriage Law"
870:"ZENIT – Dominican Republic Rejects Changes to Marriage Law"
548:
1059:
Constitutions of states and dependencies in the
Americas
588:, put severe limits on the political activities of the
1920:
1863:
1797:
1695:
1614:
1473:
1263:
1064:
603:Later constitutions were enacted in 1994 and 2002.
25:
20:
630:(Article 55) was included at the behest of the
1450:
1044:
470:
8:
1378:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1869:
1803:
1701:
1620:
1457:
1443:
1435:
1051:
1037:
1029:
477:
463:
36:
827:Republic, Dominican (December 21, 2013).
497:, more than any other country, since its
201:Vice President of the Dominican Republic
709:
244:Supreme Court of the Dominican Republic
39:
830:Constitution of the Dominican Republic
21:Constitution of the Dominican Republic
17:
7:
2036:Government of the Dominican Republic
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
845:"Dominican Republic: Constitutions"
798:Dominican Republic: A country study
177:President of the Dominican Republic
1556:Spanish occupation 1861–1865
253:National Council of the Magistracy
96:Congress of the Dominican Republic
42:Politics of the Dominican Republic
30:Congress of the Dominican Republic
14:
1605:
1254:
1221:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
785:
437:
235:
168:
107:
102:
49:
1566:U.S. occupation 1916–1924
258:Council of the Judiciary Branch
1021:Dominican Republic: Government
552:Constitutions through Trujillo
1:
444:Dominican Republic portal
982:2015 Constitution in Spanish
977:2015 Constitution in English
565:Constitutions after Trujillo
386:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2057:
586:separated church and state
1987:
1872:
1806:
1704:
1623:
1603:
1541:Unification of Hispaniola
1396:
1363:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1252:
896:"Dominican Republic 2010"
802:Federal Research Division
408:in the Dominican Republic
263:National Judicial College
2041:Constitutions by country
1383:Turks and Caicos Islands
699:Constitutional economics
343:Administrative divisions
126:President of the Chamber
525:, that there should be
148:President of the Senate
1502:Devastations of Osorio
1298:British Virgin Islands
720:(September 29, 2008).
668:DĂa de la ConstituciĂłn
667:
636:Evangelical Christians
404:Diplomatic missions of
1211:Saint Kitts and Nevis
903:constituteproject.org
726:Ide Discussion Papers
632:Roman Catholic Church
1912:Water and sanitation
607:Constitution of 2010
535:separation of powers
493:has gone through 39
153:Reinaldo Pared PĂ©rez
72:Constitutional Court
1724:Chamber of Deputies
1587:Dominican Civil War
1551:War of Independence
1388:U.S. Virgin Islands
1231:Trinidad and Tobago
1076:Antigua and Barbuda
849:Pdba.georgetown.edu
806:Library of Congress
718:Cordeiro, Jose Luis
580:'s freely elected,
539:checks and balances
118:Chamber of Deputies
1841:Telecommunications
1524:Spanish reconquest
1495:Colonial governors
1466:Dominican Republic
1141:Dominican Republic
950:"Constitution Day"
833:. Gaceta Judicial.
751:globaledge.msu.edu
694:Constitutional law
491:Dominican Republic
367:Geographic Regions
2023:
2022:
1983:
1982:
1859:
1858:
1793:
1792:
1780:Political parties
1741:Foreign relations
1691:
1690:
1597:COVID-19 pandemic
1432:
1431:
1013:2002 Constitution
1005:1994 Constitution
997:2015 Constitution
624:same-sex marriage
582:social-democratic
508:Constitutionalism
487:
486:
421:Visa requirements
380:Foreign relations
35:
34:
2048:
2003:
1996:
1870:
1814:
1804:
1702:
1621:
1609:
1582:Parsley massacre
1459:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1353:Saint Barthélemy
1313:Falkland Islands
1258:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
986:
965:
964:
962:
960:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
930:on June 27, 2009
926:. Archived from
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
900:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
876:on June 27, 2009
872:. Archived from
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860:
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841:
835:
834:
824:
818:
817:
789:
788:
783:
762:
761:
759:
757:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
714:
683:2026: November 9
680:2025: November 3
677:2024: November 4
674:2023: November 6
658:Constitution Day
615:Leonel Fernández
597:JoaquĂn Balaguer
571:Council of State
531:political rights
479:
472:
465:
442:
441:
440:
239:
186:
172:
131:Radhamés Camacho
111:
106:
53:
37:
18:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1979:
1916:
1902:Public holidays
1855:
1812:
1789:
1687:
1663:Protected areas
1638:Ciudad Colonial
1610:
1601:
1576:HĂ©ctor Trujillo
1561:Restoration War
1469:
1463:
1433:
1428:
1406:Central America
1392:
1267:
1259:
1250:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
993:
984:
973:
971:Further reading
968:
958:
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954:Public Holidays
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947:
943:
933:
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922:
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907:
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893:
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863:
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843:
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838:
826:
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821:
795:
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690:
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567:
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512:Rafael Trujillo
483:
454:
450:Other countries
438:
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303:Parliamentary:
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12:
11:
5:
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2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2005:
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1997:
1989:
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1962:
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1918:
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1658:Municipalities
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1570:Trujillo Era (
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1303:Cayman Islands
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1546:La Trinitaria
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Spanish Haiti
1534:
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1520:
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1490:Santo Domingo
1488:
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1318:French Guiana
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2001:Index
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1877:Crime
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527:civil
211:(PRM)
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1955:Flag
1574:and
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1268:and
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1131:Cuba
961:2017
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882:2009
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