626:(the lower house of the legislature) tried to amend the constitution by restricting the president’s involvement in the selection of candidates for governors of the federal states. Speaker of the National Assembly Hassan al-Turabi supported the amendment, but the proposal led al-Bashir to dissolve the National Assembly and declare a state of emergency under the constitution. These steps had the effect of suspending the decentralization process stipulated in the constitution and gave al-Bashir full authority over the states. Legislators supporting al-Turabi challenged the state of emergency before the Constitutional Court, which concluded that al-Bashir’s actions were constitutional.
57:
662:
Sudan. The states of South Sudan adopted their own constitutions, which had to conform to both interim constitutions. Before the end of the six-year interim period mandated by the
Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the NCRC was also responsible for organizing an inclusive constitutional-review process. According to the Interim National Constitution, the crucial six-year interim period began officially on July 9, 2005.
41:
1077:
1187:
Before dawn on
Thursday, the heads of Sudan's four main security apparatuses arrived at President Omar al-Bashir's residence to deliver the message that he must go. At 3:30 a.m., the leaders of the security agencies, which have so far been loyal to Bashir, told Sudan's longtime leader that "there was
665:
Both the
Interim National Constitution and the Interim Constitution of South Sudan authorized the 15 states in the North and the 10 states in South Sudan to have their own constitutions. States in the North began the constitutional drafting process in mid-2005 based on a model constitution drafted by
661:
then adopted on
December 5, 2005, an Interim Constitution of South Sudan that did not contradict any of the provisions contained in the Interim National Constitution. The NCRC prepared a model constitution for all 25 states, compatible with both the Interim National Constitution and the one for South
617:
could hold public office, including the office of president. Non-Muslims were free to practice, convert, and doubt the main tenets of their religion as long as they did not interfere with the spiritual life of
Muslims. There were, nevertheless, inherent conflicts between Sudan’s Islamic political
678:
States, disputed areas that are also strategically located, posed problems for the constitutional-development process. The drafting of state constitutions in the South began later than in the North but was relatively uncontroversial because the SPLM held a 70 percent majority in the state
612:
The constitution entered into force on July 1, 1998. A significant feature of the individual-rights provisions of the 1998 constitution was the frequent use of the qualifier “in accordance with law” attached to most freedoms. On the other hand, there was no requirement that only
723:
On 3 August 2019, the
Political Agreement from July was complemented by a more extensive constitutional document, with 70 legal articles organised in 16 chapters, called the Draft Constitutional Declaration. The document was signed on 4 August 2019 by Ahmed Rabie of the FFC and
596:
promised to prepare a new constitution. It was not until
January 1998, however, that Sudan convened a constitutional conference to draft a constitution. It consisted of legal and political scholars representing different political groups sympathetic to al-Bashir’s rule. The
988:
654:, SPLM, other political forces, and civil society. It was charged with preparing a legal and constitutional framework based on the peace agreement and the 1998 constitution for adoption by the National Assembly and the SPLM.
1200:
657:
The result was the
Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, which the National Assembly and the SPLM National Liberation Council adopted on July 6, 2005. For its part, the Government of
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764:
445:
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alliance on 4 August 2019. This replaced the
Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005 (INC) adopted on 6 July 2005, which had been suspended on 11 April 2019 by Lt. Gen
622:. The constitution attempted to balance a strong preference for Islamic beliefs and a grudging acceptance of internationally accepted human rights. In 1999, dissenting members of the
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led to suspension of Sudan's 1973 constitution and its replacement with an interim constitution later in the year. One of the first acts of the
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refused to participate. Most
Southerners boycotted the conference. Voters in Sudan’s single-party system approved the constitution in a
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704:(FFC) alliance, representing a wide range of citizens' groups, political opposition parties and armed opposition groups who
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609:, a process that raised questions about the degree to which the public accepted the document.
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defines the leadership, institutions and procedures for the 39-month transition period.
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where there were concerns about the rights of non-Muslims and human rights generally.
543:) is the Draft Constitutional Declaration, which was signed by representatives of the
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2467:
2094:
2064:
2039:
1824:
1742:
1737:
1081:
2079:
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2014:
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The first permanent Constitution of Sudan was drafted in 1973. It incorporated the
1087:
924:
882:
2089:
2034:
846:
761:
unofficial English translation of 4 August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
658:
61:
56:
945:
754:
115:
40:
696:
2019 Sudanese transition to democracy § Draft Constitutional Declaration
989:"Sudan's military overthrows president following months of popular protests"
1238:
682:
The Interim National Constitution was officially suspended following the
1147:"Constitution Of The Republic Of Sudan (Entered into force 1 July 1998)"
925:"Sudan crisis: Military and opposition agree constitutional declaration"
883:"Sudan crisis: Military and opposition sign constitutional declaration"
720:
of recreating political institutions to return to a democratic system.
851:"Sudan: Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period"
745:
Constitution Of The Republic Of Sudan (Entered into force 1 July 1998)
686:
which overthrew the country's President of 30 years Omar al-Bashir.
1201:"'Our revolution won': Sudan's opposition lauds deal with military"
782:
780:
1691:
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a subcommittee of the NCRC. The most controversial process was in
619:
614:
240:
1660:
1080:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
748:
1664:
1242:
946:"Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005"
904:"Sudan Power-Sharing Deal Finalized, African Union Envoy Says"
618:
system and the way in which Muslims applied the principles of
755:
Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005
829:
827:
1209:. 5 July 2019. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019
679:
legislatures and could largely control the outcome.
586:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
538:
2428:
2320:
2241:
2130:
2005:
1978:
1889:
1699:
1580:
1555:
1274:
592:was to abolish the interim constitution. President
1125:Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999)
706:had protested for many months since December 2018
1227:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
982:
980:
987:Osman, Muhammed; Bearak, Max (11 April 2019).
81:4 August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
1676:
1254:
497:
8:
877:
875:
690:August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
650:(NCRC) composed of representatives from the
1188:no alternative" but for him to step down...
1175:"Bashir was forced out in pre-dawn meeting"
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917:
898:
896:
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2002:
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1895:
1705:
1683:
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1661:
1261:
1247:
1239:
504:
490:
26:
940:
938:
648:National Constitutional Review Commission
269:Eastern Sudan States Coordinating Council
1840:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
1154:International Committee of the Red Cross
634:On May 26, 2004, the government and the
798:[(Constitutional Declaration)]
776:
51:
29:
1220:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
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1047:
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577:ending the first Sudanese civil war.
18:Constitution of the Republic of Sudan
7:
1850:Second Transitional Military Council
1127:Elections in Africa: A data handbook
1088:"Recent Constitutional Developments"
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1805:First Transitional Military Council
528:
1097:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
796:"(الدستوري Declaration (العربية))"
636:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
630:2005 Interim National Constitution
25:
1860:2019–2021 transition to democracy
1855:Transitional Sovereignty Council
1567:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1337:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1075:
733:Draft Constitutional Declaration
474:National Human Rights Commission
158:Transitional Legislative Council
104:Transitional Sovereignty Council
55:
39:
966:from the original on 2019-07-08
813:from the original on 2019-08-05
469:Khartoum massacre investigation
62:Member State of the Arab League
1173:Nima Elbagir (11 April 2019).
646:. The protocol provided for a
1:
714:Transitional Military Council
644:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
545:Transitional Military Council
440:African Union and UN in Sudan
1095:Sudan : a country study
712:, agreed on a deal with the
702:Forces of Freedom and Change
575:Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)
549:Forces of Freedom and Change
412:United Nations (UN) in Sudan
1093:. In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
563:1973 and 1998 constitutions
539:
426:Interim Security Force for
348:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2580:
1718:Pre-independence governors
708:via massive and sustained
693:
566:
263:Darfur Regional Government
2517:
2329:
2250:
2139:
1898:
1748:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
1708:
1099:Federal Research Division
640:Protocol on Power Sharing
603:Democratic Unionist Party
557:2019 Sudanese coup d'état
2559:Constitutions by country
1322:Central African Republic
1086:Shinn, David H. (2015).
728:("Hemetti") of the TMC.
684:April 2019 military coup
224:Administrative divisions
1790:National Reconciliation
1269:Constitutions of Africa
652:National Congress Party
247:Interim Security Force
1830:United Nations Mission
364:Diplomatic missions of
110:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
2204:Native administration
1810:Coalitions/Bashir Era
1723:Pre and early history
1482:São Tomé and Príncipe
1342:Republic of the Congo
726:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
590:seizing power in 1989
521:Constitution of Sudan
211:Town and rural courts
1105:. pp. 228–229.
700:On 5 July 2019, the
642:, later part of the
192:Nemat Abdullah Khair
177:Constitutional Court
2564:Government of Sudan
1963:Non-marine molluscs
1557:States with limited
1103:Library of Congress
2303:Telecommunications
1738:Turkish occupation
1206:Al Jazeera English
908:The New York Times
804:raisethevoices.org
710:civil disobedience
638:(SPLM) signed the
582:1985 military coup
553:Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
201:Court of Cassation
2554:Politics of Sudan
2541:
2540:
2513:
2512:
2316:
2315:
2279:(former currency)
2237:
2236:
2174:Foreign relations
2126:
2125:
2108:
2107:
2001:
2000:
1980:Natural disasters
1885:
1884:
1870:October 2021 coup
1835:Nomadic conflicts
1760:Independent Sudan
1658:
1657:
1584:other territories
1357:Equatorial Guinea
1112:978-0-8444-0750-0
624:National Assembly
537:
514:
513:
464:ICC investigation
446:Darfur operation
417:Mission in Sudan
381:Visa requirements
341:Foreign relations
328:Political parties
298:Recent elections
114:Deputy Chairman:
32:Politics of Sudan
16:(Redirected from
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2327:
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2003:
1976:
1896:
1795:Second Civil War
1706:
1685:
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1671:
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1644:(United Kingdom)
1640:Tristan da Cunha
1636:Ascension Island
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1582:Dependencies and
1275:Sovereign states
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931:. 3 August 2019.
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912:
911:
910:. 3 August 2019.
900:
891:
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889:. 4 August 2019.
879:
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869:
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866:
857:. Archived from
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569:History of Sudan
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2229:State Governors
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1997:
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1765:First Civil War
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993:Washington Post
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855:sudanreeves.org
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2214:Prime Minister
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2193:September Laws
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2085:South Kordofan
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2055:North Kordofan
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2030:Central Darfur
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2011:
2009:
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1988:Climate change
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1875:2023 Civil war
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1785:Communist coup
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1005:
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871:
849:(2019-08-10).
823:
794:(2019-08-04).
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739:External links
737:
694:Main article:
691:
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676:South Kordofan
668:Khartoum State
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594:Omar Al-Bashir
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516:The temporary
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406:Related topics
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1082:public domain
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861:on 2019-08-10
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529:دستور السودان
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187:Chief Justice
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130:Osman Hussein
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2443:Architecture
2351:Demographics
2265:Central Bank
2179:Human rights
2154:Constitution
2153:
2080:South Darfur
2050:North Darfur
1733:Islamization
1632:Saint Helena
1603:
1516:
1507:South Africa
1497:Sierra Leone
1302:Burkina Faso
1211:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1186:
1179:. Retrieved
1168:
1157:. Retrieved
1141:
1126:
1121:
1094:
996:. Retrieved
992:
968:. Retrieved
953:Refworld.org
952:
928:
907:
886:
863:. Retrieved
859:the original
854:
847:Reeves, Eric
815:. Retrieved
803:
730:
722:
716:(TMC) for a
699:
681:
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458:Human rights
316:
205:Public Court
74:Constitution
73:
52:
2500:Photography
2495:Decorations
2255:Agriculture
2183:LGBT rights
2144:Ambassadors
2090:West Darfur
2035:East Darfur
1953:Butterflies
1780:Nimeiry Era
1559:recognition
1512:South Sudan
1402:Ivory Coast
659:South Sudan
394:Foreign aid
386:Visa policy
151:Legislature
2548:Categories
2480:Literature
2366:minorities
2292:(currency)
2209:Parliament
2164:Corruption
2100:White Nile
2070:River Nile
2020:Al Qadarif
1614:(Portugal)
1572:Somaliland
1492:Seychelles
1457:Mozambique
1442:Mauritania
1427:Madagascar
1382:The Gambia
1317:Cape Verde
1159:2014-06-01
970:2014-06-01
865:2019-08-10
817:2019-08-05
771:References
599:Umma Party
567:See also:
352:Minister:
241:Abyei Area
116:Malik Agar
108:Chairman:
99:Presidency
2403:Squatting
2378:Languages
2356:Education
2308:Transport
2272:Companies
2219:President
2169:Elections
2113:Districts
2025:Blue Nile
1923:Volcanoes
1913:Mountains
1891:Geography
1845:2019 coup
1815:1989 coup
1800:1985 coup
1775:1969 coup
1770:1958 coup
1447:Mauritius
1223:cite news
672:Blue Nile
534:romanized
304:General:
292:Elections
279:Districts
236:Governors
170:Judiciary
93:Executive
2533:Category
2458:Clothing
2393:Religion
2388:Refugees
2339:Polygamy
2334:Marriage
2298:Taxation
2199:Military
2189:Islamism
2132:Politics
2060:Northern
2045:Khartoum
1968:Reptiles
1928:Wildlife
1743:Mahdiyya
1728:Medieval
1713:Timeline
1638: /
1634: /
1627:(France)
1621: /
1599: /
1595: /
1547:Zimbabwe
1522:Tanzania
1372:Ethiopia
1367:Eswatini
1347:Djibouti
1312:Cameroon
1297:Botswana
1181:12 April
998:12 April
961:Archived
929:BBC News
887:BBC News
808:Archived
601:and the
547:and the
518:de facto
448:(UNAMID)
430:(UNISFA)
376:Passport
368:in Sudan
259:Regions
249:(UNISFA)
132:(acting)
2524:Outline
2473:History
2430:Culture
2408:Toilets
2398:Slavery
2322:Society
2260:Banking
2243:Economy
2149:Cabinet
2065:Red Sea
2040:Kassala
1938:Mammals
1903:Geology
1753:History
1701:History
1623:Réunion
1619:Mayotte
1610:Madeira
1605:(Spain)
1601:Melilla
1532:Tunisia
1502:Somalia
1487:Senegal
1472:Nigeria
1462:Namibia
1452:Morocco
1417:Liberia
1412:Lesotho
1362:Eritrea
1332:Comoros
1307:Burundi
1282:Algeria
1129:, p595
751:website
615:Muslims
555:in the
536::
419:(UNMIS)
138:Cabinet
2463:Emblem
2453:Cinema
2438:Anthem
2373:Health
2290:Pound
2285:Energy
2277:Dinar
2118:Cities
2075:Sennar
2015:Gezira
2007:States
1993:Floods
1948:Horses
1918:Rivers
1642:
1625:
1612:
1542:Zambia
1537:Uganda
1477:Rwanda
1432:Malawi
1392:Guinea
1287:Angola
1213:5 July
1133:
1109:
1084::
588:after
525:Arabic
428:Abyei
231:States
2505:Sport
2490:Music
2485:Media
2420:Women
2159:Coups
1958:Moths
1943:Birds
1933:Fauna
1908:Lakes
1820:RCCNS
1692:Sudan
1597:Ceuta
1517:Sudan
1467:Niger
1422:Libya
1407:Kenya
1387:Ghana
1377:Gabon
1352:Egypt
1292:Benin
1177:. CNN
1150:(PDF)
1091:(PDF)
964:(PDF)
957:UNHCR
949:(PDF)
811:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
620:shura
2468:Flag
2383:LGBT
1527:Togo
1437:Mali
1327:Chad
1229:link
1215:2019
1183:2019
1131:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1000:2019
843:IDEA
765:IDEA
749:ICRC
731:The
674:and
580:The
317:next
311:2015
306:2010
2448:Art
839:TMC
835:FFC
792:TMC
788:FFC
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