411:
five-year terms, but the 30-year term already served by dos Santos does not count and under the constitution his term would start from the next parliamentary elections in 2012, and allow him to remain president until 2022. The post of Prime
Minister would be abolished, whose role would be taken over by the vice-president. The Assembly retains the right to remove the president from office but such an action must be approved by the Supreme Court. The vice president and the members of the Supreme Court are presidential nominees under the Constitution.
369:
29:
455:, who chaired the constitutional commission, said that the charter was "a reflection of equality, of good sense, and true representation of the electorate". However, "The ruling MPLA says the constitution will increase democracy, but by abolishing the presidential ballot and concentrating all the power on the president it will do exactly the opposite," Fernando Macedo, a political analyst in Luanda, said after the vote. UNITA member
90:
181:
220:. The new Portuguese government attempted to mediate an understanding between the three competing movements. They initially agreed to terms, but the agreement dissolved mere days later. This failure to agree, which resulted in a devastating civil war that lasted several decades, claimed millions of lives and producing many refugees before it ended in 2002.
626:
383:
approved a new constitution to replace the interim constitution that had been in effect since independence in 1975. The
Assembly approved this constitution in its entirety, by a 186–0 vote. Two assembly members abstained. The new constitution was drafted by a committee of 60 parliamentarians, advised
299:
Other constitutional guarantees included health care, access to education, and state assistance in childhood, motherhood, disability, and old age. In return for these sweeping guarantees, each individual was responsible for participating in the nation's military defense, voting in official elections,
303:
Despite its strong socialist tone, the
Constitution guaranteed the protection of private property and private business activity within limits set by the state. National economic goals were to develop agriculture and industry, establish just social relations in all sectors of production, foster the
171:
of the
Angolan armed forces. The new constitution abolished direct election of the president; under its provisions, the person heading the list of candidates of the majority party in the assembly automatically becomes president, and the second person on the list, vice-president. This constitution,
410:
of the
Angolan armed forces. The new constitution abolished direct election of the president; the person heading the list of candidates of the majority party in the assembly automatically becomes president, and the second in the list, vice-president. The constitution limits the president to two
148:
regime in
Portugal. A fight for dominance broke out immediately between the three nationalist movements, resulting in a civil war soon after independence. The civil war continued with UNITA fighting against the ruling MPLA. Both parties received support and backing from other countries.
414:
The constitution clarified the ambiguous land rights that existed in Angola, stating that all land is owned by the state, which can decide who is entitled to use it, and that the state must only provide land rights to
Angolan nationals or to companies registered in Angola.
418:
The constitution gives the president the power to appoint judges to the
Constitutional and Supreme courts and also to appoint the head of the Court of Audits, which is the body responsible for reviewing public expenditure. The document also maintains the present status of
359:
In 1992 the 1975 constitution was completely rewritten, and amended on March 6, 1991, and August 26, 1992, to allow a multi-party democratic republic, in the form of a presidential system, to start with multiparty elections and direct election of the president.
391:) party, which claimed that the constitutional process had been flawed and undermined democracy. The ruling party, MPLA, had an 81% majority on the constitution committee, equal to their parliamentary majority. The constitution needed the approval of President
479:. Dos Santos had said that as soon as the constitution was passed he would reduce the size of the government and reduce the opportunities for officials to engage in corrupt activities. Angola currently ranks in the top 18 most corrupt countries, according to
256:. The Constitution provided numerous guarantees of individual freedom and prohibited discrimination based on color, race, ethnic identity, sex, place of birth, religion, level of education, and economic or social status. The Constitution also promised
231:
and South Africa intervened militarily in favour of the FNLA and UNITA, with the intention of taking Luanda before the declaration of independence. In response, Cuba intervened in favour of the MPLA, and the country became a flash point for the
471:, spoke out against UNITA's concerns in defense of the Constitution. He said that the party-list system is used in democracies in Europe, Asia and South Africa, and that the new document contains many clauses that were in the old constitution.
474:
The original vote on the constitution had been expected in March but was then moved to
January. There was speculation that this delay was intended to avoid public debate on the matter by holding the vote at the same time that Angola hosts the
747:
339:
and became the first elected president of the country. The civil war continued, with UNITA still fighting the MPLA, and both parties still receiving international support. There was a ceasefire agreement in 1989 with the leader of UNITA,
521:
Stuart A. Notholt (1998). "The
Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire by Norrie MacQueen – Mozambique since Independence: Confronting Leviathan by Margaret Hall & Tom Young".
163:
In 1992, the 1975 constitution was completely rewritten to allow a multiparty democratic republic, in the form of a presidential system, starting with multiparty elections and direct election of the president.
279:
in the Angolan people, guaranteed through the representation of the party, and promised to implement "people's power." It also emphasized the preeminence of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
936:
751:
199:(FNLA), which appeared in 1961, and the UNITA, founded in 1966. After many years of conflict that weakened all of the insurgent parties, Angola gained independence on 11 November 1975, after the
210:
A fight for dominance broke out immediately between the three nationalist movements. The events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens, creating up to 300,000 destitute Portuguese
195:
for more than 400 years from the 15th century. Demands for independence picked up momentum during the early 1950s. The principal protagonists included the MPLA, founded in 1956, the
459:
stated that the constitution was "a complete fraud" and that his party was wearing black "because it's like going to the graveyard to bury democracy". UNITA's parliamentary leader,
323:(FAPLA) as the nation's army and assigned it responsibility for defense and national reconstruction. Military conscription applied to both men and women over the age of eighteen.
320:
1973:
1743:
428:
1667:
140:
the UNITA, fought for independence. After many years of conflict that weakened all of the insurgent parties, Angola gained independence on 11 November 1975, after the
1888:
940:
1728:
791:
196:
133:
1005:
1748:
1041:
1068:
2102:
2097:
2092:
1208:
503:
688:
1660:
914:
1119:
448:
1178:
1017:
594:
558:
336:
332:
710:
2077:
1763:
1203:
308:. Social goals included combating illiteracy, promoting the development of education and a national culture, and enforcing strict
300:
serving in public office if appointed or elected, working—considered a duty—and generally aiding in the socialist transformation.
1653:
1618:
1081:
228:
1025:
817:
994:
2055:
896:
309:
1131:
1033:
1803:
1251:
1097:
463:, also spoke out against the new constitution saying that it gave "excessive executive power" to dos Santos. The head of
121:
in 1975 as an "interim" measure; the second was approved in a 1992 referendum, and the third one was instituted in 2010.
1999:
1913:
1903:
1708:
1590:
1563:
1468:
1374:
1188:
167:
The 2010 amendment of the Constitution named the president of Angola as head of state, head of the executive branch and
2082:
2046:
2042:
1918:
1808:
1738:
1463:
1379:
1318:
1313:
1281:
1156:
1126:
1061:
476:
380:
106:
60:
427:
of Angola surrounded by the Democratic Republic of Congo, as a part of Angola. Oil-rich Cabinda has been claimed by
1978:
1898:
1863:
1848:
1833:
1788:
1723:
1431:
1364:
1109:
990:
795:
480:
392:
372:
2038:
460:
368:
1853:
1575:
1493:
1303:
1193:
640:
1953:
1928:
1778:
1773:
1753:
1718:
1703:
1443:
1333:
1328:
1220:
1198:
1002:
28:
464:
93:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2007:
559:"Americas Third World War: How 6 million People Were killed in CIA secret wars against third world countries"
1938:
1908:
1893:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1823:
1818:
1768:
1713:
1688:
1458:
1369:
2003:
2087:
1948:
1943:
1883:
1838:
1798:
1526:
1488:
1448:
1412:
1286:
1054:
962:
873:
1923:
1873:
1828:
1813:
1793:
1783:
1758:
1698:
1536:
1359:
1291:
1102:
447:
The new constitution of 2010 was hailed as "a day of victory and happiness for the people of Angola" by
257:
439:). The constitution guarantees freedom of religion and of the press. The death penalty remains banned.
1933:
1843:
1733:
1568:
1558:
1308:
1266:
344:, but it collapsed soon afterwards. As a part of its peace efforts, the MPLA amended its platform of
289:
285:
200:
141:
507:
1503:
1473:
1453:
1417:
1323:
1298:
1271:
1215:
1166:
696:
644:
261:
1585:
1553:
1548:
1483:
1239:
1225:
1183:
539:
420:
407:
168:
319:
on Angolan soil or affiliation with any foreign military organization. It institutionalized the
236:. With Cuban support, the MPLA held Luanda and declared independence on 11 November 1975, with
1611:
1518:
1498:
1478:
1407:
1389:
1347:
1256:
1136:
1114:
1089:
648:
468:
436:
253:
718:
1531:
1402:
1384:
531:
452:
345:
315:
The Constitution also outlined Angola's defense policy, which explicitly prohibited foreign
585:
562:
1634:
1580:
1543:
1508:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1009:
305:
272:
204:
157:
145:
118:
535:
352:. In May 1991, dos Santos and UNITA's Savimbi signed a multiparty democracy agreement in
227:—the capital—and much of the rest of the country. With the support of the United States,
1394:
1276:
432:
237:
844:
406:. It named the president of Angola as head of state, head of the executive branch and
398:
The new constitution established a government similar to those currently operating in
2071:
630:
341:
316:
216:
184:
399:
267:
Constitutional revisions in 1976 and 1980 more clearly established a revolutionary
249:
152:
Constitutional revisions in 1976 and 1980 more clearly established a revolutionary
47:
304:
growth of the public sector and cooperatives, and implement a system of graduated
666:
293:
276:
635:
Rita M. Byrnes (February 1989). "The Constitution". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
456:
128:
for more than 400 years, beginning the 15th century. Three principal parties,
97:
349:
268:
153:
180:
1645:
561:. Imperial Beach, California: Information Clearing House]. Archived from
403:
395:
and of the Constitutional Court but both steps were seen as formalities.
233:
192:
125:
110:
424:
211:
543:
1625:
1077:
384:
by 19 experts and a public consultation, and contained 244 articles.
353:
224:
114:
937:"Angolan Opposition Walks Out as Parliament Votes New Constitution"
387:
The vote in the national assembly was boycotted by the opposition (
1046:
388:
367:
179:
137:
629:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
915:"UPDATE: Angola Constitution Approved By Parliament-State Media"
652:
281:
240:
becoming the first president, although the civil war continued.
129:
1649:
1050:
963:"UPDATE 2-Angolan president seen stronger in new constitution"
288:
subordinate to it, responsible for implementing party policy.
172:
still in effect, limits the president to two five-year terms.
897:"Update2-Angolan President seen Stronger in new Constitution"
431:(FLEC) separatists. The new constitution retains the current
348:
and shifted its policies to a more socialist than communist
375:
who won and became the President of Angola in the elections
435:(which is similar to the flag used by the MPLA during the
252:
dedicated the new republic to eliminating the vestiges of
845:"Angola abolishes presidential polls in new constitution"
693:
Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa
275:
the national goal. As revised, the Constitution vested
203:
in Portugal overthrew the Portuguese regime headed by
820:. Independent Online (South Africa). 21 January 2010
748:"Constituent Assembly approves Angolan Constitution"
1987:
1962:
1681:
1517:
1430:
1346:
1238:
1165:
1088:
939:. Voice of America. 21 January 2010. Archived from
82:
74:
66:
56:
46:
38:
21:
584:
429:Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
321:People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola
223:During the civil war, the MPLA gained control of
187:, the leader of UNITA, the major opposition party
750:. Angola Press. 21 January 2010. Archived from
451:, then president of the National Assembly, and
138:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
16:National Constitution of the Republic of Angola
818:"Unita members abandon debate on constitution"
1661:
1062:
1039:(in Portuguese, English, French, and Spanish)
742:
740:
738:
736:
711:"Angola: Constitution (1992) (original text)"
8:
312:, with official respect for all religions.
197:National Front for the Liberation of Angola
134:National Front for the Liberation of Angola
1668:
1654:
1646:
1436:
1352:
1244:
1171:
1069:
1055:
1047:
874:"FACTBOX-Angola approves new constitution"
868:
866:
864:
862:
27:
1003:1992 Constitution and act of promulgation
792:"Angola parliament approves constitution"
292:was to be founded on socialist models of
42:Original 1975, reformed 1980, 1992, 2010.
492:
117:has had three constitutions. The first
839:
837:
835:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
498:
496:
18:
895:Henrique Almeida (January 21, 2010).
7:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
536:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007936
790:Redvers, Louise (21 January 2010).
506:. Time. 7 July 1975. Archived from
504:"Dismantling the Portuguese Empire"
449:Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos
284:) as a policy-making body and made
14:
995:image of its original publication
1974:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1744:Democratic Republic of the Congo
624:
557:Stockwell, John (October 1987).
331:José Eduardo dos Santos won the
88:
715:ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
597:from the original on 2017-02-16
689:"Angola: Constitution of 1992"
310:separation of church and state
1:
2103:2010 establishments in Angola
2098:1992 establishments in Angola
2093:1975 establishments in Angola
917:. easybourse. 21 January 2010
461:Alda Juliana Paulo Sachiambo
1042:2010 constitution of Angola
1034:2010 constitution of Angola
1026:2010 constitution of Angola
667:"Angola profile - Timeline"
477:2010 African Cup of Nations
381:National Assembly of Angola
248:Independent Angola's first
61:National Assembly of Angola
2119:
965:. Reuters. 21 January 2010
876:. Reuters. 21 January 2010
481:Transparency International
1605:
1439:
1355:
1247:
1174:
641:Federal Research Division
87:
26:
2078:Constitutions by country
1729:Central African Republic
465:Katiava Bwila University
1676:Constitutions of Africa
637:Angola: A country study
393:José Eduardo dos Santos
379:On 21 January 2010 the
373:José Eduardo dos Santos
191:Angola was a colony of
124:Angola was a colony of
847:. BBC. 21 January 2010
467:, political scientist
376:
254:Portuguese colonialism
188:
94:Constitution of Angola
22:Constitution of Angola
1889:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1749:Republic of the Congo
794:. AFP. Archived from
371:
258:freedom of expression
183:
78:National constitution
1209:World Heritage Sites
798:on November 27, 2011
586:"Flight from Angola"
510:on January 13, 2009.
290:Economic development
201:Carnation Revolution
160:as a national goal.
142:Carnation Revolution
70:Constituent Assembly
1964:States with limited
1469:Internet censorship
1127:War of Independence
1098:Precolonial history
754:on 27 February 2012
645:Library of Congress
2083:Politics of Angola
1120:Colonial governors
1008:2017-04-08 at the
943:on 2 February 2010
669:. BBC. 4 June 2015
593:. 16 August 1975.
408:commander-in-chief
377:
189:
169:commander-in-chief
2065:
2064:
1991:other territories
1764:Equatorial Guinea
1643:
1642:
1601:
1600:
1479:Lists of Angolans
1464:Human trafficking
1426:
1425:
1342:
1341:
1319:Political parties
1314:National Assembly
1282:Foreign relations
1234:
1233:
1132:People's Republic
1018:1992 Constitution
991:1975 Constitution
721:on 4 January 2012
469:Paulo de Carvalho
437:Angolan Civil War
364:2010 constitution
327:1992 constitution
244:1975 constitution
136:the FNLA and the
103:
102:
2110:
2052:
2051:(United Kingdom)
2047:Tristan da Cunha
2043:Ascension Island
2035:
2022:
2013:
1989:Dependencies and
1682:Sovereign states
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1437:
1398:
1353:
1245:
1179:Cities and towns
1172:
1110:Colonial history
1071:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1001:
989:
975:
974:
972:
970:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
911:
905:
904:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
870:
857:
856:
854:
852:
841:
830:
829:
827:
825:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
787:
764:
763:
761:
759:
744:
731:
730:
728:
726:
717:. Archived from
707:
701:
700:
695:. Archived from
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
663:
657:
656:
628:
627:
622:
607:
606:
604:
602:
588:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
554:
548:
547:
530:(387): 276–278.
518:
512:
511:
500:
453:Bornito de Sousa
346:Marxism-Leninism
92:
91:
31:
19:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2033:
2020:
2011:
1992:
1990:
1983:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1677:
1674:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1597:
1513:
1494:Public holidays
1422:
1396:
1338:
1304:Law enforcement
1230:
1204:Protected areas
1161:
1115:Portuguese rule
1084:
1075:
1038:
1031:(in Portuguese)
1030:
1022:
1014:
1010:Wayback Machine
999:
988:(in Portuguese)
987:
984:
979:
978:
968:
966:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
913:
912:
908:
894:
893:
889:
879:
877:
872:
871:
860:
850:
848:
843:
842:
833:
823:
821:
816:
815:
811:
801:
799:
789:
788:
767:
757:
755:
746:
745:
734:
724:
722:
709:
708:
704:
699:on 5 July 2015.
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
665:
664:
660:
634:
625:
623:
610:
600:
598:
583:
582:
578:
568:
566:
565:on 29 June 2010
556:
555:
551:
524:African Affairs
520:
519:
515:
502:
501:
494:
489:
445:
366:
329:
306:direct taxation
273:one-party state
246:
205:Marcelo Caetano
178:
158:one-party state
146:Marcelo Caetano
119:came into force
89:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:Western Sahara
2053:
2036:
2023:
2014:
2000:Canary Islands
1996:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1444:Child marriage
1440:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Communications
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1334:Prime Minister
1331:
1329:Vice President
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1199:Municipalities
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
997:
983:
982:External links
980:
977:
976:
954:
928:
906:
887:
858:
831:
809:
765:
732:
702:
680:
658:
608:
576:
549:
513:
491:
490:
488:
485:
444:
441:
365:
362:
337:1986 elections
328:
325:
317:military bases
286:the government
245:
242:
238:Agostinho Neto
177:
174:
144:overthrew the
101:
100:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Law of Angola
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Guinea-Bissau
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Ethnic groups
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
986:
985:
981:
964:
958:
955:
942:
938:
932:
929:
916:
910:
907:
902:
898:
891:
888:
875:
869:
867:
865:
863:
859:
846:
840:
838:
836:
832:
819:
813:
810:
797:
793:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
766:
753:
749:
743:
741:
739:
737:
733:
720:
716:
712:
706:
703:
698:
694:
690:
684:
681:
668:
662:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
632:
631:public domain
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
609:
596:
592:
591:The Economist
587:
580:
577:
564:
560:
553:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
514:
509:
505:
499:
497:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
440:
438:
434:
433:national flag
430:
426:
422:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
385:
382:
374:
370:
363:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:Jonas Savimbi
338:
334:
326:
324:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
301:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
241:
239:
235:
230:
226:
221:
219:
218:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
185:Jonas Savimbi
182:
175:
173:
170:
165:
161:
159:
155:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
99:
95:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2039:Saint Helena
2010:
1914:South Africa
1904:Sierra Leone
1709:Burkina Faso
1693:
1626:Bibliography
1527:Architecture
1489:Prostitution
1449:Demographics
1413:Trade unions
1287:Human rights
1262:Constitution
1261:
1023:(in English)
1015:(in English)
1000:(in English)
967:. Retrieved
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:the original
931:
919:. Retrieved
909:
900:
890:
878:. Retrieved
849:. Retrieved
822:. Retrieved
812:
800:. Retrieved
796:the original
756:. Retrieved
752:the original
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
714:
705:
697:the original
692:
683:
671:. Retrieved
661:
636:
599:. Retrieved
590:
579:
567:. Retrieved
563:the original
552:
527:
523:
516:
508:the original
473:
446:
417:
413:
400:South Africa
397:
386:
378:
358:
330:
314:
302:
298:
266:
250:constitution
247:
222:
215:
209:
190:
166:
162:
151:
123:
107:independence
104:
1966:recognition
1919:South Sudan
1809:Ivory Coast
1360:Agriculture
1292:LGBT rights
1252:Ambassadors
1103:Archaeology
601:22 November
296:ownership.
294:cooperative
277:sovereignty
67:Signatories
2072:Categories
2021:(Portugal)
1979:Somaliland
1899:Seychelles
1864:Mozambique
1849:Mauritania
1834:Madagascar
1789:The Gambia
1724:Cape Verde
1591:Cathedrals
1569:Television
1564:Newspapers
1554:Literature
1397:(currency)
1267:Corruption
1189:Ecoregions
969:21 January
947:21 January
921:21 January
880:21 January
851:21 January
824:21 January
802:21 January
758:21 January
673:6 November
487:References
457:Raul Danda
217:retornados
176:Background
105:Since its
98:Wikisource
33:Article 1.
1854:Mauritius
1504:Squatting
1474:Languages
1454:Education
1418:Transport
1380:Companies
1324:President
1299:Judiciary
1272:Elections
1216:Provinces
1167:Geography
1157:Conflicts
1137:Civil War
443:Reception
350:worldview
269:socialist
154:socialist
113:in 1975,
83:Full text
57:Author(s)
2045: /
2041: /
2034:(France)
2028: /
2006: /
2002: /
1954:Zimbabwe
1929:Tanzania
1779:Ethiopia
1774:Eswatini
1754:Djibouti
1719:Cameroon
1704:Botswana
1635:Category
1586:Religion
1549:Football
1484:Polygamy
1365:Airports
1309:Military
1240:Politics
1226:Wildlife
1184:Communes
1082:articles
1006:Archived
653:90003244
595:Archived
404:Botswana
262:assembly
234:Cold War
212:refugees
193:Portugal
126:Portugal
111:Portugal
48:Ratified
2030:RĂ©union
2026:Mayotte
2017:Madeira
2012:(Spain)
2008:Melilla
1939:Tunisia
1909:Somalia
1894:Senegal
1879:Nigeria
1869:Namibia
1859:Morocco
1824:Liberia
1819:Lesotho
1769:Eritrea
1739:Comoros
1714:Burundi
1689:Algeria
1612:Outline
1576:Museums
1544:Cuisine
1519:Culture
1499:Slavery
1432:Society
1408:Tourism
1395:Kwanza
1390:Fishing
1348:Economy
1257:Cabinet
1194:Islands
1090:History
901:Reuters
569:27 June
425:exclave
421:Cabinda
75:Purpose
39:Created
2049:
2032:
2019:
1949:Zambia
1944:Uganda
1884:Rwanda
1839:Malawi
1799:Guinea
1694:Angola
1532:Cinema
1403:Mining
1385:Health
1221:Rivers
1080:
1078:Angola
725:9 July
651:
633:.
544:723274
542:
354:Lisbon
225:Luanda
115:Angola
2004:Ceuta
1924:Sudan
1874:Niger
1829:Libya
1814:Kenya
1794:Ghana
1784:Gabon
1759:Egypt
1699:Benin
1619:Index
1581:Music
1559:Media
1537:Films
1509:Women
1370:Banks
1152:2020s
1147:2010s
1142:2000s
540:JSTOR
423:, an
389:UNITA
229:Zaire
214:—the
109:from
1934:Togo
1844:Mali
1734:Chad
1277:Flag
993:and
971:2010
949:2010
923:2010
882:2010
853:2010
826:2010
804:2010
760:2010
727:2019
675:2016
649:LCCN
603:2016
571:2010
402:and
335:and
333:1980
282:MPLA
260:and
130:MPLA
52:2010
532:doi
96:at
2074::
899:.
861:^
834:^
768:^
735:^
713:.
691:.
647:.
643:,
639:.
611:^
589:.
538:.
528:97
526:.
495:^
483:.
356:.
271:,
264:.
207:.
156:,
132:,
1669:e
1662:t
1655:v
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
973:.
951:.
925:.
903:.
884:.
855:.
828:.
806:.
762:.
729:.
677:.
655:.
605:.
573:.
546:.
534::
280:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
