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and came into force on 24 January 1934. This amendment, which vested broad powers in the State Elder while reducing the size and power of the
Riigikogu, had such a vast impact on the governing system that it is frequently mistaken for a new constitution ("the 1934 Constitution") in its own right. The
996:
The
Estonian constitution of 1920 stated that, wherever there were 20 pupils speaking a particular language, the state was obliged to offer publicly funded schooling in that language. It also stipulated that in areas where a minority group made up more than 50% of the local population, the relevant
571:
consisting of both chambers of the
National Assembly and additional representatives of local government. The President was vested with fairly broad powers (including the power to veto legislation passed by parliament), but was somewhat less powerful than the State Elder under the 1934 amendments.
566:
National
Assembly, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the National Council. The National Council, which was to review and ratify legislation from the Chamber of Deputies, consisted of representatives from local government, professional and vocational bodies, and high officials. At the same
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legislature established in 1920. It explicitly asserts its continuity with the
Estonian state as it existed between 1918 and 1940, and thus provides a restitutive basis for Estoniaâs independence. Indeed, it was adopted by a referendum, in accordance with the 1938 document. Like the 1920
524:
Due to chronic government instability (18 governments headed by 10 men from 1920 to 1934), attempts were made to redraft the
Constitution. In a referendum held in 1932, voters rejected two proposed drafts of a new Constitution. Still, a constitutional amendment, proposed by the populist
579:-style "constitution" was introduced illegally, not having been subjected to referendum as required by the 1938 Constitution, by a Soviet-backed puppet government on 25 August 1940, a few weeks after Estonia had been invaded and occupied by, and annexed into, the
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Constitution, the head of stateâtitled
President after some debate about restoring the old title of State Elderâis a largely ceremonial post. However, like the 1938 Constitution, the government is headed by a separate Prime Minister.
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on 15 June 1920 and came into force on 21 December 1920. Heavily amended on 24 January 1934, following a referendum in 1933, it was in force until the second
Constitution was enacted on 1 January 1938. It remained in force,
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The present
Constitution was enacted after a referendum on 28 June 1992. It incorporates elements of the Constitutions of 1920 and 1938. While retaining the presidency created in 1938, it restores the
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time, the
Chamber of Deputies was directly elected by the people. The head of state was given the title of "President"; he was no longer directly elected by the people, but instead was chosen by an
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513:. Despite the Constitution being modelled upon Montesquieu's ideas, there was an imbalance in the distribution of power. The document was radically parliamentarian, vesting the single-chamber
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971:
Smith, David J.; Cordell, Karl (18 October 2013) . "Introduction: The Theory and Practice of Cultural Autonomy in Central and Eastern Europe". In Smith, David J.; Cordell, Karl (eds.).
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and establishes the state order as that of a democratic republic where the supreme power is vested in its citizens. The first Constitution was adopted by the freely elected
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583:. It was based on the 1936 Soviet constitution. The Soviet Estonian 1940 constitution was replaced by another constitution in 1978, based on the 1977 Soviet constitution.
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which is established on the inextinguishable right of the people of Estonia to national self-determination and which was proclaimed on 24 February 1918,
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approved the formation of a National Assembly to draft a replacement document. This Constitution, which came into force on 1 January 1938, created a
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which shall protect internal and external peace, and is a pledge to present and future generations for their social progress and welfare,
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on 12 March 1934. Believing that the amended constitution was too authoritarian, PĂ€ts pressed for the adoption of a new Constitution.
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Chapter 14 pertains to the jurisdictional, administrative and budgetary aspects of local government in Estonia.
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The first chapter makes general provision for the nature of the state. It contains seven articles.
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The current Constitution contains a preamble and 15 chapters of provisions. The preamble reads:
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the 1940 takeover illegal and partly restored the 1938 Constitution as part of a transition to
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State Elder had the power to issue decrees with the force of law. In order to prevent the
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Chapter 13 pertains to the structure and operation of the judicial system and the courts.
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For the celebrations of the fifteenth anniversary of the current Constitution in 2007,
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Chapter 15 pertains to mechanisms and procedures related to amending the Constitution.
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With unwavering faith and a steadfast will to strengthen and develop the state,
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under section 162 of the 1992 Constitution, enabled Estonia to join the
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language should serve as a second official language alongside Estonian.
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The second chapter sets out the people's rights, liberties and duties.
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936:"Restoration of Independence and the Fourth Constitution (1992 -⊠)"
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484:, until 16 June 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied Estonia and,
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808:"The First Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1920â1933)"
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On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
1078:"The Constitution of the Republic of EstoniaâRiigi Teataja"
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produced a new brand of beer, the Constitutional Pilsener (
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movement from coming to power under this new Constitution,
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Chapter 9 addresses international relations and treaties.
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Chapter 3 defines the people and citizenship of Estonia.
2609:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
697:, and his or her duties, responsibilities and rights.
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Constitution of the Republic of Estonia Amendment Act
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served as both head of state and head of government.
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Restoration of the independence of the Baltic states
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Chapter 8 addresses financial issues and the budget.
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645:which is founded on liberty, justice and law,
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471:) is the fundamental law of the
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806:Mart Nutt (9 October 2009).
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758:) in cooperation with the
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469:Eesti Vabariigi pÔhiseadus
27:Fundamental law of Estonia
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686:Chapter 4 deals with the
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700:Chapter 6 addresses the
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1082:www.riigiteataja.ee
1064:www.riigiteataja.ee
846:Laffranque, Julia.
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952:on 22 January 2020
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877:Estonian Institute
824:on 21 January 2020
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2353:JÄnis PÄ«nups
2348:August Sabbe
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2187:Transnistria
2149:Vatican City
1966:
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1696:Coat of arms
1681:Architecture
1623:Demographics
1552:Central bank
1515:(parliament)
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1469:Human rights
1449:Constitution
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1334:Deportations
1312:World War II
1305:Estonian SSR
1233:Livonian War
1196:list of wars
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988:. Retrieved
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950:the original
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885:. Retrieved
881:the original
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826:. Retrieved
822:the original
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690:(Riigikogu).
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173:Lauri Hussar
77:Human rights
67:Constitution
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29:
2537:Tunne Kelam
2461:Lagle Parek
2457:Mart Niklus
2225:Isle of Man
2160:recognition
2129:Switzerland
2064:Netherlands
1557:e-Residency
1547:Agriculture
854:(XII/2007).
558:In 1936, a
519:State Elder
507:Montesquieu
160:Legislature
129:Kaja Kallas
2687:Categories
2574:Baltic Way
2433:Dissidents
2099:San Marino
2059:Montenegro
2039:Luxembourg
2019:Kazakhstan
1922:Azerbaijan
1797:Television
1777:Newspapers
1744:Kalevipoeg
1731:Literature
1648:Healthcare
1464:Government
956:31 October
919:31 October
887:31 October
828:31 October
793:References
740:See also:
669:Provisions
604:unicameral
560:referendum
102:Alar Karis
90:Presidency
2530:Activists
2489:Movements
2466:Enn Tarto
2450:JĂŒri Kukk
2215:Gibraltar
2034:Lithuania
1762:Mythology
1726:Languages
1633:Estonians
1628:Education
1592:Transport
1567:Oil shale
1512:Riigikogu
1501:President
1454:Elections
1366:Geography
1095:Postimees
1038:0003-0554
748:A. Le Coq
577:Stalinist
564:bicameral
548:self-coup
515:Riigikogu
289:Municipal
231:Riigikogu
213:Elections
188:Judiciary
171:Speaker:
167:Riigikogu
117:Executive
97:President
2235:Svalbard
2220:Guernsey
2167:Abkhazia
2114:Slovenia
2109:Slovakia
2084:Portugal
1942:Bulgaria
1837:Category
1721:Internet
1716:Folklore
1653:Religion
1577:Taxation
1491:Military
1432:Politics
1191:Timeline
1175:articles
1102:Archived
941:Estonica
909:Estonica
872:Estonica
813:Estonica
766:See also
752:Estonian
661:â
592:de facto
588:declared
482:de facto
465:Estonian
357:Counties
316:European
2511:SÄ
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2423:MRP-AEG
2139:Ukraine
2089:Romania
2049:Moldova
2007:Ireland
2002:Iceland
1997:Hungary
1987:Germany
1982:Georgia
1972:Finland
1967:Estonia
1962:Denmark
1947:Croatia
1932:Belgium
1927:Belarus
1917:Austria
1912:Armenia
1907:Andorra
1902:Albania
1821:Outline
1802:Theatre
1772:Symbols
1701:Cuisine
1668:Culture
1606:Society
1587:Tourism
1535:Economy
1393:Islands
1378:Climate
1183:History
1171:Estonia
1046:1947543
990:16 June
492:History
486:de jure
2673:(1993)
2667:(1993)
2617:(1990)
2611:(1990)
2605:(1988)
2576:(1989)
2567:(1987)
2419:(1987)
2413:(1980)
2407:(1979)
2327:(1949)
2230:Jersey
2172:Kosovo
2134:Turkey
2124:Sweden
2104:Serbia
2094:Russia
2079:Poland
2074:Norway
2054:Monaco
2024:Latvia
1992:Greece
1977:France
1952:Cyprus
1888:Europe
1842:Portal
1691:Cinema
1676:Anthem
1562:Energy
1413:Rivers
1173:
1044:
1036:
981:
2205:Ă
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2119:Spain
2044:Malta
2014:Italy
1828:Index
1792:Sport
1787:Radio
1757:Music
1752:Media
1711:Flags
1658:Women
1618:Crime
1418:Towns
1398:Lakes
1388:Fauna
1042:JSTOR
60:State
2496:ERSP
1767:Name
1686:Beer
1474:LGBT
1034:ISSN
992:2024
979:ISBN
958:2010
921:2010
889:2010
830:2010
654:the
615:The
540:Vaps
535:1933
531:Vaps
459:The
331:2024
325:2019
320:2014
305:2021
300:2017
295:2013
277:2026
271:2021
266:2016
248:next
242:2023
237:2019
1886:of
1737:ABD
1481:Law
1123:by
1026:doi
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