4010:(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1998) at pp. 148–149 (Belz further argues: "Constitutionalism shapes political life in a variety of ways. Constitutional principles can become matters of commitment and belief possessing intrinsic value that motivate political action.... When citizens and governing officials internalize constitutional values, acting out of fidelity to law rather than expediency, constitutionalism gives direction to political life. Constitutionalism has a configurative effect also in providing the forms, rhetoric, and symbols by which politics is carried on. Political groups and individuals ordinarily try to choose courses of action that are consistent with or required by the Constitution. They do so not because they are in each instance committed to the constitutional principle or value at issue... because they know that the public takes the Constitution seriously, believing that it embodies fundamental values and formal procedures that are the touchstone of political legitimacy. In American politics the Constitution is a justifying concept, and groups that invoke constitutional arguments do so, from their own perspective perhaps and in an immediate sense, instrumentally. Considered from an external and long-range view in relation to the polity as a whole, however, reliance on constitutional principles and rules is normative and noninstrumental. In this way constitutionalism shapes political events")
3603:, (David Fellman, "Constitutionalism"), vol 1, pp. 485, 491–492 (1973–74) ("Whatever particular form of government a constitution delineates, however, it serves as the keystone of the arch of constitutionalism, except in those countries whose written constitutions are mere sham. Constitutionalism as a theory and in practice stands for the principle that there are—in a properly governed state—limitations upon those who exercise the powers of government, and that these limitations are spelled out in a body of higher law which is enforceable in a variety of ways, political and judicial. This is by no means a modern idea, for the concept of a higher law which spells out the basic norms of a political society is as old as Western civilization. That there are standards of rightness which transcend and control public officials, even current popular majorities, represents a critically significant element of man's endless quest for the good life.")
2930:
2875:
ideas of individual freedoms and privileges through colonial charters and legal understandings. Then in carrying the story forward, he identifies revolutionary declarations and constitutions, documents and judicial decisions of the
Confederation period and the formation of the federal Constitution. Finally, he turns to the debates over the federal Constitution's ratification that ultimately provided mounting pressure for a federal bill of rights. While hardly presenting a straight line, the account illustrates the historical struggle to recognize and enshrine constitutional rights and principles in a constitutional order.
3054:, constitutionalism "should not be taken to mean that if a state has a constitution, it is necessarily committed to the idea of constitutionalism. In a very real sense... every state may be said to have a constitution, since every state has institutions which are at the very least expected to be permanent, and every state has established ways of doing things". But even with a "formal written document labelled 'constitution' which includes the provisions customarily found in such a document, it does not follow that it is committed to constitutionalism...."
2738:
3008:" or "democratic constitutionalism."... But I think it is worth setting out a stark version of the antipathy between constitutionalism and democratic or popular self-government, if only because that will help us to measure more clearly the extent to which a new and mature theory of constitutional law takes proper account of the constitutional burden of ensuring that the people are not disenfranchised by the very document that is supposed to give them their power.
3117:
2762:
1664:
1652:
46:
2909:
peace, taxation and representation, and "questions of constitutionalism —how to identify the collective sovereign, what powers the sovereign possessed, and how one recognized when that sovereign acted." He noted that "questions of constitutionalism could not be answered by reference to given constitutional text or even judicial opinions" but were "open-ended questions drawing upon competing views".
2750:
2987:. The United Kingdom has had basic laws limiting governmental power for centuries. Historically, there has been little political support for introducing a comprehensive written or codified constitution in the UK. However, several commentators and reformers have argued for a new British Bill of Rights to provide liberty, democracy and the rule of law with more effective constitutional protection.
3244:
3058:
constitutional construction notes that "constitutionalism... ought to be recognized as a distinctive ideology and approach to political life.... Constitutionalism not only establishes the institutional and intellectual framework, but it also supplies much of the rhetorical currency with which political transactions are carried on." Similarly, Georgetown
University Law Center Professor
3134:, usually written," analysts take a variety of positions on what the constitution means. For instance, they describe the document as a document that may specify its relation to statutes, treaties, executive and judicial actions, and the constitutions or laws of regional jurisdictions. This prescriptive use of Constitutionalism is also concerned with the
3063:
extremely aggressive use of legal argument and rhetoric" and as a result "powerful legal actors are willing to advance arguments previously thought out-of-bounds. They have, in short, used legal reasoning to do exactly what crits claim legal reasoning always does—put the lipstick of disinterested constitutionalism on the pig of raw politics."
2852:
do anything they please in any manner they choose; they are bound to observe both the limitations on power and the procedures which are set out in the supreme, constitutional law of the community. It may therefore be said that the touchstone of constitutionalism is the concept of limited government under a higher law.
4111:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 284 ("Invariably, the state constitutional tradition is deemed less authentic because of its departure from the federal model. This has led to the assumption that one need only study the federal Constitution to discover what American constitutionalism was then and is today.")
3095:
There is a rich tradition of state constitutionalism that offers broader insight into constitutionalism in the United States. While state constitutions and the federal constitution operate differently as a function of federalism from the coexistence and interplay of governments at both a national and
3091:
In U.S. history, constitutionalism, in both its descriptive and prescriptive sense, has traditionally focused on the federal constitution. Indeed, a routine assumption of many scholars has been that understanding "American constitutionalism" necessarily entails the thought that went into the drafting
2851:
as opposed to rule by the arbitrary judgment or mere fiat of public officials ... Throughout the literature dealing with modern public law and the foundations of statecraft the central element of the concept of constitutionalism is that in political society government officials are not free to
3386:
calls "the first constitution of its kind in Europe", was in effect for only a year. It was designed to redress longstanding political defects of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth and its traditional system of "Golden Liberty". The Constitution introduced political equality between townspeople and
3369:
played an important role in emergence of the unique Polish form of constitutionalism." This constraint on the powers of the monarch were significant in making the "ule of law, religious tolerance and limited constitutional government... the norm in Poland in times when the rest of Europe was being
3003:
Constitutions are not just about restraining and limiting power; they are about the empowerment of ordinary people in a democracy and allowing them to control the sources of law and harness the apparatus of government to their aspirations. That is the democratic view of constitutions, but it is not
2891:
the idea ... that government can and should be legally limited in its powers, and that its authority depends on its observing these limitations. This idea brings with it a host of vexing questions of interest not only to legal scholars, but to anyone keen to explore the legal and philosophical
3057:
Often the word "constitutionalism" is used in a rhetorical sense, as a political argument that equates the views of the speaker or writer with a preferred view of the constitution. For instance, University of
Maryland Constitutional History Professor Herman Belz's critical assessment of expansive
3045:
Used descriptively, the concept of constitutionalism can refer chiefly to the historical struggle for constitutional recognition of the people's right to "consent" and certain other rights, freedoms, and privileges. On the other hand, the prescriptive approach to constitutionalism addresses what a
2908:
is not necessarily synonymous with the study of constitutionalism. Legal historian
Christian G. Fritz distinguishes between "constitutional questions", examining how the constitution was interpreted and applied to distribute power and authority as the new nation struggled with problems of war and
2874:
One example of constitutionalism's descriptive use is law professor
Bernard Schwartz's five volume compilation of sources seeking to trace the origins of the U.S. Bill of Rights. Beginning with English antecedents going back to Magna Carta (1215), Schwartz explores the presence and development of
2865:
captured this aspect of the term in noting, "Constitutionalism has both descriptive and prescriptive connotations. Used descriptively, it refers chiefly to the historical struggle for constitutional recognition of the people's right to 'consent' and certain other rights, freedoms, and privileges.
2957:
Moreover, whether reflecting a descriptive or prescriptive focus, treatments of the concept of constitutionalism all deal with the legitimacy of government. One recent assessment of
American constitutionalism, for example, notes that the idea of constitutionalism serves to define what it is that
2916:
in assessing
Britain's unwritten constitution. Dicey noted a difference between the "conventions of the constitution" and the "law of the constitution". The "essential distinction" between the two concepts was that the law of the constitution was made up of "rules enforced or recognised by the
3428:
have attracted growing interest in recent years. Authors such as Ann E. Mayer define
Islamic constitutionalism as "constitutionalism that is in some form based on Islamic principles, as opposed to constitutionalism that has developed in countries that happen to be Muslim but that has not been
3062:
noted as well the confluence of political rhetoric with arguments supposedly rooted in constitutionalism. In assessing the "meaning that critical scholars attributed to constitutional law in the late twentieth century," Professor
Seidman notes a "new order... characterized most prominently by
3087:
has been defined as a complex of ideas, attitudes and patterns elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from the people, and is limited by a body of fundamental law. These ideas, attitudes and patterns, according to one analyst, derive from "a dynamic political and
2917:
Courts", making up "a body of 'laws' in the proper sense of that term." In contrast, the conventions of the constitution consisted "of customs, practices, maxims, or precepts which are not enforced or recognised by the Courts" but "make up a body not of laws, but of constitutional or
2958:"grants and guides the legitimate exercise of government authority". Similarly, historian Gordon S. Wood described the most "advanced thinking" on the nature of constitutions wherein the constitution was conceived (according to Demophilis, who was possibly George Bryan) a "
3107:
Both experience with state constitutions before and after the federal constitution as well as the emergence and operation of the latter reflect an ongoing struggle over the idea that all governments in America rested on the sovereignty of the people for their legitimacy.
3028:. And if the ultimate power to interpret a constitution is given to the government's own Supreme Court, then the inevitable tendency is for the Court to continue to place its imprimatur on ever-broader powers for its own government. Furthermore, the highly touted "
4623:
Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: A Contemporary Perspective of Islamic Law, in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann Röder (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
4197:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 284 (Observing that from the Revolutionary era to the period before the Civil War "Americans continued to wrestle with what it meant that their national as well as state governments rested on the sovereignty of the people")
4489:(Bagehot noted his intent to correct mistaken views of the British constitution, including whether the constitution was "laid down as a principle of the English polity, that in it the legislative, the executive, and the judicial powers, are quite divided....")
3411:
after he was deposed. His first leader was Colonel Rafael Tomás Fernández DomĂnguez, and he wanted Bosch to come back to power once again. Colonel Fernández DomĂnguez was exiled to Puerto Rico where Bosch was. The Constitutionalists had a new leader:
2846:
Constitutionalism is descriptive of a complicated concept, deeply embedded in historical experience, which subjects the officials who exercise governmental powers to the limitations of a higher law. Constitutionalism proclaims the desirability of the
3272:
was accompanied by an efflorescence of political ideas in which the concept of countervailing powers was clearly defined," led to a well-developed polity with multiple governmental and private institutions that counter the power of the state.
2953:
derived from fundamental law. William H. Hamilton has captured this dual aspect by noting that constitutionalism "is the name given to the trust which men repose in the power of words engrossed on parchment to keep a government in order."
4643:
Asifa Quraishi, The Separation of Powers in the Tradition of Muslim Governments, in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann Röder (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
4533:
3024:, at least, we have a constitution that imposes strict limits on some powers of government. But, as we have discovered in the past century, no constitution can interpret or enforce itself; it must be interpreted by
2962:
by which even the supreme power of the state shall be governed." Ultimately, American constitutionalism came to rest on the collective sovereignty of the people, the source that legitimized American governments.
3862:
4633:
Khaled Abou El Fadl, Shariah and Constitutionalism in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann Röder (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
4091:
For the assumptions by historians, political scientists and lawyers that have contributed to a view of constitutionalism essentially connected and confined to the US Constitution, see Christian G. Fritz,
4184:(University of North Carolina Press, 1980), p. 137 (asserting that statements of the "principle" of the people's sovereignty "expressed the very heart of the consensus among the victors of 1776").
4156:
Self-Evident Truths: Being a Discourse on the Origins & Development of the First Principles of American Government – Popular Sovereignty, Natural Rights, and Balance & Separation of Powers
4561:
3181:
6014:
3429:
informed by distinctively Islamic principles". However, the concrete meaning of the notion remains contested among Muslim as well as Western scholars. Influential thinkers like
6004:
3184:
and cement the position of the American judiciary as an independent and co-equal branch of government. On the other hand, Earl Warren, the 14th Chief Justice, greatly extended
3036:" in the American government are flimsy indeed, since in the final analysis all of these divisions are part of the same government and are governed by the same set of rulers.
3004:
the constitutionalist view.... Of course, it is always possible to present an alternative to constitutionalism as an alternative form of constitutionalism: scholars talk of "
994:
4667:
3407:
was deposed, the Constitutionalist movement was born in the country. As opposed to said movement, the Anti-constitutionalist movement was also born. Bosch had to depart to
5879:
4171:(The American Philosophical Society, 1977), p. 101 (concluding the American Revolution "confirmed and completed the subordination of government to the will of the people")
2142:
3856:
3050:
There is often confusion in equating the presence of a written constitution with the conclusion that a state or polity is one based upon constitutionalism. As noted by
2792:
2132:
4290:
2162:
6044:
6019:
2122:
2112:
1019:
989:
5389:
3209:
1694:
1071:
3685:
2883:
In contrast to describing what constitutions are, a prescriptive approach addresses what a constitution should be. As presented by the Canadian philosopher
3176:
whereby Supreme Court could strike down federal and state laws if they conflicted with the Constitution. By establishing the principle of judicial review,
4614:
Ann E. Mayer, Conundrums in Constitutionalism: Islamic Monarchies in an Era of Transition, 1 UCLA J. Islamic & Near E.L. 183 (Spring / Summer, 2002).
5959:
2808:
is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by
3101:
1024:
144:
5233:
1850:
1414:
4873:
2152:
2137:
1004:
3016:, who attacked constitutionalism as being incapable of restraining governments and not protecting the rights of citizens from their governments:
4841:
4222:
3774:, 8th ed. (London: Macmillan 1914) (Part III: The Connection between the law of the constitution and the conventions of the constitution; Ch 14.
5321:
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3073:
1493:
5899:
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4015:
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1538:
1332:
1111:
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4800:
4158:(Indiana Univ. Press, 1974), p. 52 (describing "the almost unanimous acceptance of popular sovereignty at the level of abstract principle")
3979:
3596:
3301:
3189:
3150:
of individuals, each of which is a restriction of the other, and that no powers be delegated that are beyond the competence of government.
2785:
2690:
2498:
2107:
1364:
1225:
1173:
1168:
2971:
Constitutionalism is not simply about the power structure of society. It also asks for a strong protection of the interests of citizens,
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3468:
2695:
2503:
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1481:
1193:
1044:
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3578:
2117:
1409:
1034:
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3887:
2929:
2866:
Used prescriptively, its meaning incorporates those features of government seen as the essential elements of the... Constitution".
2896:
One example of this prescriptive approach was the project of the National Municipal League to develop a model state constitution.
5894:
5255:
4671:
3269:
1687:
1444:
5994:
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1975:
1471:
376:
4003:
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4703:
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3120:
2685:
2602:
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2157:
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state level, they all rest on a shared assumption that their legitimacy comes from the sovereign authority of the people or
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5338:
4413:
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2147:
1805:
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5934:
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4182:
The First American Constitutions: Republican Ideology and the Making of the State Constitutions in the Revolutionary Era
3513:
3247:
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1960:
1865:
1230:
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2127:
1680:
1342:
919:
386:
280:
2085:
809:
6100:
5226:
4949:
3488:
3265:
2715:
2197:
1394:
1059:
844:
526:
371:
5874:
2949:
One of the most salient features of constitutionalism is that it describes and prescribes both the source and the
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3700:
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3005:
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1505:
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3948:
Waldron, Jeremy (2009). "Constitutionalism – A Skeptical View". In Christiano, Thomas; Christman, John (eds.).
3503:
3391:) and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom.
3092:
of the federal constitution and the American experience with that constitution since its ratification in 1789.
2940:(the "Great Charter") created in 1215 is regarded as one of the greatest constitutional documents of all times.
2660:
2382:
1985:
1292:
1277:
1143:
1039:
290:
97:
894:
779:
4001:
Herman Belz, "A Living Constitution or Fundamental Law? American Constitutionalism in Historical Perspective"
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4959:
4954:
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1995:
1840:
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1597:
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1419:
1307:
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1131:
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999:
834:
676:
224:
189:
65:
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5434:
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3430:
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1950:
1945:
1905:
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1454:
1424:
1389:
1384:
1359:
1220:
1138:
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209:
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611:
6034:
6009:
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2538:
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2070:
1895:
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1374:
1312:
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1203:
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1076:
1029:
924:
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889:
794:
626:
511:
453:
75:
5379:
3445:
combine classic Islamic law with modern constitutionalism. The constitutional changes initiated by the
6029:
5784:
5697:
5675:
5598:
5594:
5523:
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5384:
5202:
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2612:
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1980:
1619:
1434:
1379:
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1347:
1327:
1322:
1282:
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1245:
1208:
1158:
1116:
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258:
132:
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60:
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5238:
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3434:
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3097:
3088:
historical process rather than from a static body of thought laid down in the eighteenth century".
3029:
2835:
2630:
2625:
2455:
2277:
2247:
2080:
2015:
1990:
1965:
1930:
1910:
1900:
1880:
1815:
1614:
1262:
1235:
1178:
1126:
909:
681:
621:
571:
344:
263:
204:
137:
107:
102:
70:
29:
3821:
3738:
784:
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5690:
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3205:
3171:
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2809:
2387:
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2005:
1920:
1337:
1240:
1153:
949:
884:
339:
319:
156:
20:
4308:
3987:
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movement have already brought into reality many new hybrid models of Islamic constitutionalism.
3126:
Starting with the proposition that "'Constitutionalism' refers to the position or practice that
601:
3116:
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4801:
Philip P. Wiener, ed., "Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas"
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3594:
Philip P. Wiener, ed., "Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas"
3574:
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3508:
3297:
3201:
2645:
2577:
2372:
2207:
2075:
2060:
2050:
1915:
1890:
1790:
1785:
1656:
929:
686:
616:
591:
581:
561:
381:
268:
199:
161:
4591:
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5655:
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5429:
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5014:
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4940:
4737:
4545:
3425:
3331:
3217:
2918:
2754:
2710:
2435:
2312:
2257:
2222:
1825:
1800:
1795:
1770:
1740:
1572:
1565:
904:
854:
824:
819:
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671:
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403:
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329:
312:
307:
241:
166:
92:
80:
45:
4195:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
4109:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3823:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3740:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3726:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
6039:
5979:
5864:
5712:
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4729:
4226:
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4007:
3883:
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3600:
3528:
3313:
3221:
3166:
3013:
2976:
2766:
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2533:
2445:
2440:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2322:
2317:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2237:
2030:
2010:
1775:
1755:
1668:
964:
954:
939:
859:
849:
829:
721:
701:
661:
636:
546:
440:
428:
418:
359:
219:
214:
85:
4064:
4783:
4478:
4335:
4266:
6069:
5989:
5944:
5884:
5849:
5641:
5554:
5459:
5367:
5158:
4992:
4915:
4733:
3498:
3438:
3177:
2996:
2980:
2862:
2831:
2582:
2397:
2392:
2307:
2232:
2227:
2065:
2035:
1870:
1830:
1780:
1760:
1719:
1636:
1609:
1604:
1577:
1533:
879:
869:
814:
691:
666:
641:
606:
556:
496:
423:
324:
285:
275:
149:
117:
4534:"The unanimity rule and religious fractionalisation in the Polish-Lithuanian Republic"
4385:
Driver, Justin (October 2012). "The Constitutional Conservatism of the Warren Court".
3657:
3138:, which includes the principle that the field of public action be partitioned between
3046:
constitution should be. Two observations might be offered about its prescriptive use.
2761:
1663:
6084:
6024:
5909:
5824:
5769:
5629:
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5287:
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4826:
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3335:
3321:
3158:
3084:
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3021:
2839:
2705:
2470:
2402:
2377:
2357:
2242:
1940:
1820:
1592:
914:
874:
804:
774:
741:
736:
716:
596:
521:
433:
296:
112:
4584:
4557:
6059:
5859:
5764:
5610:
5584:
5493:
5175:
5163:
5111:
5071:
5066:
4930:
4925:
4000:
3357:
3193:
3185:
3135:
3131:
2972:
2905:
2884:
2587:
2572:
2465:
2460:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2302:
2292:
2217:
2212:
2020:
1925:
1765:
1626:
959:
934:
864:
711:
541:
531:
334:
3761:
3157:
who played an important role in the development of American constitutionalism are
1651:
4723:
3962:
5999:
5747:
5742:
5734:
5719:
5544:
5449:
5260:
5096:
5061:
5041:
5021:
4999:
4964:
3518:
3446:
3408:
3243:
3162:
2933:
2848:
2816:
2700:
2252:
1970:
1860:
1835:
1810:
944:
746:
731:
706:
501:
486:
393:
246:
194:
4803:, (David Fellman, "Constitutionalism"), vol 1, pp. 485, 491–492 (1973–74).
4428:
5530:
5518:
5488:
5454:
5394:
5076:
4741:
4549:
4238:
4093:
3807:
Walton H. Hamilton, "Constitutionalism". in Edwin R.A. Seligman, et al. (eds)
3673:
A Half Century of Municipal Reform: A History of the National Municipal League
3143:
3139:
3127:
2913:
2202:
2040:
1935:
1875:
1845:
1735:
1582:
1548:
1543:
1213:
726:
516:
491:
398:
251:
231:
37:
4767:
3100:. This underlying premise, embraced by the American revolutionaries with the
5964:
5801:
5536:
5498:
5091:
4905:
4851:
3662:, Wil Waluchow "Constitutionalism" (Intro Jan. 2001 (revised Feb. 20, 2007).
3362:
2984:
2827:
2815:
Political organizations are constitutional to the extent that they "contain
2640:
2342:
2055:
1855:
1449:
651:
171:
4214:
James Madison, in his remarks introducing the Bill of Rights, 8 June 1789,
3256:
is perhaps the best instance of constitutionalism in a country that has an
5954:
5650:
5471:
5299:
5214:
5153:
5116:
4833:
4811:
4265:
landmarkcases.dcwdbeta.com, Landmark Supreme Court Cases (555) 123-4567.
3296:
soon after being elected. The best known Constitutionalist candidate was
2650:
2450:
2327:
1587:
1560:
1464:
1255:
506:
349:
4398:
5869:
5724:
5636:
4361:"From the Archives: Earl Warren Dies at 83; Chief Justice for 16 Years"
3911:"On the First Principles of Constitutionalism: Liberty, Then Democracy"
2861:
Constitutionalism has prescriptive and descriptive uses. Law professor
2823:
1955:
696:
302:
236:
5889:
4454:
Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today
3984:
Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas
3871:
the Genuine Principles of the Ancient Saxon, Or English Constitution
3571:
Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today
3147:
366:
4169:
Aspects of American Liberty: Philosophical, Historical and Political
3260:. A variety of developments in 17th century England, including the
5854:
5844:
5839:
5311:
5306:
4759:
3317:
3242:
3115:
2928:
2912:
A similar distinction was drawn by British constitutional scholar
5984:
3165:. John Marshall, the 4th Chief Justice, upheld the principle of
4855:
4498:
British parliamentary election results 1918–1949, Craig, F.W.S.
3619:, (Gerhard Casper, "Constitutionalism"), vol 2, p. 473 (1986)
4414:"The Warren Court: Completion of a Constitutional Revolution"
3549:
Constitutions and Constitutionalism in the Slaveholding South
16:
Belief that government authority derives from fundamental law
3012:
Constitutionalism has also been the subject of criticism by
5969:
4653:
Nadirsyah Hosen, "In search of Islamic Constitutionalism",
4267:"Landmark Supreme Court Cases | Cases – Marbury v. Madison"
4167:
Edmund S. Morgan, "The Problem of Popular Sovereignty," in
3351:
From the mid-sixteenth to the late eighteenth century, the
3192:
of all Americans through a series of landmark rulings. The
4456:. Harvard University Press. pp. 5, 223–283, 327–357.
3611:
3609:
4806:
3399:
After the democratically elected government of president
4819:(1967, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1998) Second edition.
3763:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
3365:, in its parliamentary deliberations. The "principle of
3284:
was also a label used by some independent candidates in
3288:
in the early 1920s. Most of the candidates were former
2999:
contends that constitutionalism is often undemocratic:
4839:
The Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions
4065:"American Constitutionalism: From Theory to Politics"
3929:
Defending Liberty: The Case for a New Bill of Rights
5815:
5733:
5570:
5405:
5144:
4973:
4893:
995:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4718:Sandefur, Timothy (2008). "Constitutionalism". In
4583:
3892:Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights
3216:, providing defendants' rights to an attorney and
4848:Foundation for Law, Justice and Society programme
4107:(2004), 1327–1369. See also Christian G. Fritz,
3845:The Creation of the American Republic, 1770–1787
3370:devastated by religious hatred and despotism."
3264:and "the protracted struggle for power between
3001:
2889:
2844:
4816:Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers
4867:
3888:"Natural Rights and Modern Constitutionalism"
3424:The scope and limits of constitutionalism in
2786:
1688:
1020:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
990:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
8:
3965:For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto
3950:Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy
3915:American University International Law Review
2945:Fundamental law and legitimacy of government
4655:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
4289:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3551:(University of Georgia Press, 1989). p. 1.
4874:
4860:
4852:
4143:he American State Constitutional Tradition
4074:(Princeton University Press, 1996). p. 5.
3986:. Vol. 1. p. 485. Archived from
3104:unites American constitutional tradition.
2793:
2779:
1706:
1695:
1681:
24:
4696:The Global Model of Constitutional Rights
3825:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 1.
3640:(5 vols., Chelsea House Publisher, 1980)
3617:Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
1025:International Federation of Liberal Youth
4094:"Fallacies of American Constitutionalism
4028:Seidman, Louis Michael (November 2006).
3742:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 6
2822:for the protection of the interests and
1851:Free association (Marxism and anarchism)
4668:Constitutional Reform in Arab Countries
3675:Ch.2 (Univ. of California Press, 1950).
3573:. Harvard University Press. p. 4.
3540:
3210:state laws banning interracial marriage
3200:Constitutional Revolution by bringing "
1718:
1005:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
36:
4282:
3479:Constitutionalism in the United States
3414:Colonel Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó
3334:and an elected legislature called the
3204:" to the United States, tearing apart
3074:Constitutionalism in the United States
4689:A Theory of African Constitutionalism
4330:
4328:
4302:
4300:
4260:
4258:
3292:members, and many of them joined the
2830:, including those that may be in the
7:
3785:"English translation of Magna Carta"
2691:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
4793:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4590:. Oxford University Press. p.
3811:(New York: Macmillan 1931). p. 255.
3809:Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
3728:. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
3659:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3469:Constitution Party (disambiguation)
3155:Chief Justices of the United States
3136:principles of constitutional design
2696:Libertarianism in the United States
1045:Liberal South East European Network
4725:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
4666:See, e.g. the monitoring project "
4657:, Volume 21, No. 2, 2004, 23 foll.
3234:Constitution of the United Kingdom
3121:Supreme Court of the United States
2900:Constitutionalism vs. Constitution
14:
6065:Western European and Others Group
4130:Understanding State Constitutions
3847:(Norton & Co. 1969). p. 268.
3180:helped implement the ideology of
2118:Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism
1035:Liberal Network for Latin America
468:(contributions to liberal theory)
4834:Middle East Constitutional Forum
4538:Constitutional Political Economy
4030:"Critical Constitutionalism Now"
3248:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2983:, and has a close relation with
2760:
2748:
2736:
1662:
1650:
44:
4823:"Economics and the Rule of Law"
4687:Gebeye, Berihun Adugna (2021).
3638:The Roots of the Bill of Rights
1976:Natural rights and legal rights
4145:(Univ. Press of Kansas, 2006).
3982:. In Wiener, Philip P. (ed.).
3353:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3342:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2686:Libertarianism in South Africa
2603:Center for Libertarian Studies
409:Separation of church and state
1:
4807:National Humanities Institute
4483:. Chapman and Hall. pp.
4412:Swindler, William F. (1970).
4132:(Princeton Univ. Press, 1998)
3437:, but also younger ones like
2887:, constitutionalism embodies
1806:Decriminalization of sex work
4532:Rohac, Dalibor (June 2008).
4271:Landmark Supreme Court Cases
3978:Fellman, David (1973–1974).
3514:Rule according to higher law
3212:, extending the coverage of
3041:Constitutionalism by nations
2979:, especially for the social
2636:Freeman on the land movement
1961:Libertarianism (metaphysics)
1866:Free-market environmentalism
4509:"THE CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN"
3380:Constitution of May 3, 1791
3102:Declaration of Independence
2838:and constitutional scholar
2820:mechanisms of power control
2681:Libertarian science fiction
6127:
4691:. Oxford University Press.
4043:: 575, 586. Archived from
3931:. ISR/Google books, 2019.
3489:English Constitution Party
3231:
3169:in the 1803 landmark case
3071:
2967:Civil rights and liberties
2951:limits of government power
2716:Sovereign citizen movement
18:
5835:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
5276:Standard Average European
4742:10.4135/9781412965811.n65
4550:10.1007/s10602-008-9037-5
3869:. p. 4> (Demophilus :
3484:Digital constitutionalism
3464:Constitutional liberalism
3083:Constitutionalism of the
3006:popular constitutionalism
2960:sett of fundamental rules
2892:foundations of the state.
2810:a body of fundamental law
2743:Libertarianism portal
1632:Sexually liberal feminism
1539:Bias in American academia
1010:European Democratic Party
466:List of liberal theorists
5975:Lancaster House Treaties
5465:Christian existentialism
5425:Ancient Roman philosophy
5415:Ancient Greek philosophy
4714:Oxford University Press.
4544:(2). Springer: 111–128.
4480:The English Constitution
4477:Bagehot, Walter (1867).
3688:Model State Constitution
3504:Natural and legal rights
3302:1924 UK general election
2661:Libertarian conservatism
2086:Workers' self-management
1986:Non-aggression principle
291:Labor theory of property
5753:Equality before the law
4960:Romano-Germanic culture
4582:Davies, Norman (1996).
3494:Judicial interpretation
3328:constitutional monarchy
3262:Constitutional Monarchy
3258:uncodified constitution
3020:t is true that, in the
2676:Libertarian Republicans
1996:Participatory economics
1841:Expropriative anarchism
1000:Arab Liberal Federation
190:Consent of the governed
5915:Eastern European Group
5504:Continental philosophy
5435:Judeo-Christian ethics
5420:Hellenistic philosophy
4901:Cradle of civilization
4452:Gordon, Scott (1999).
3569:Gordon, Scott (1999).
3431:Mohammad Hashim Kamali
3250:
3123:
3038:
3010:
2941:
2894:
2854:
2618:Conscientious objector
2001:Propaganda of the deed
1951:Individual reclamation
1946:Individualist feminism
1906:Freedom of information
1886:Freedom of association
1846:Federalism (anarchist)
1015:European Liberal Youth
985:Africa Liberal Network
210:Economic globalization
6035:Three Seas Initiative
6010:Pacific Islands Forum
5875:British–Irish Council
5623:Greek Orthodox Church
5082:Industrial Revolution
5052:Scientific Revolution
4728:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
4421:Vanderbilt Law Review
4387:California Law Review
4307:Pederson, William D.
3909:Pilon, Roger (1993).
3855:(quoting Demophilus,
3547:Don E. Fehrenbacher,
3363:unanimity voting rule
3246:
3119:
3060:Louis Michael Seidman
3018:
2932:
2671:Libertarian socialism
2666:Libertarian Democrats
2598:Austro-libertarianism
2516:Historical background
2143:Intellectual property
2071:Voluntary association
1896:Freedom of conscience
1751:Anti-authoritarianism
1746:Age of consent reform
1657:Liberalism portal
1529:Anti-authoritarianism
1030:Liberal International
19:Further information:
6091:Comparative politics
6030:Special Relationship
5440:Christian philosophy
5385:Western Christianity
5047:Age of Enlightenment
4921:Hellenistic Kingdoms
4736:. pp. 100–103.
4694:Möller, Kai (2012).
4674:on October 19, 2011)
4239:"Marbury v. Madison"
4193:Christian G. Fritz,
3963:Murray N. Rothbard,
3820:Christian G. Fritz,
3737:Christian G. Fritz,
3724:Christian G. Fritz,
3671:Frank Mann Stewart,
3524:Separation of powers
3459:Classical liberalism
3312:On May 3, 1947, the
3286:UK general elections
3182:separation of powers
3034:separation of powers
2755:Anarchism portal
2721:Technolibertarianism
2706:Public choice theory
2656:Green libertarianism
2613:Classical liberalism
2608:Civil libertarianism
2524:Age of Enlightenment
2133:Foreign intervention
1981:Night-watchman state
461:Age of Enlightenment
414:Separation of powers
6055:West Nordic Council
5920:Eastern Partnership
5509:Analytic philosophy
5210:Classical tradition
5032:Early modern period
4988:Classical antiquity
4983:European Bronze Age
4784:"Constitutionalism"
4105:Rutgers Law Journal
3980:"Constitutionalism"
3789:The British Library
3706:on 26 February 2013
3615:Leonard Levy, ed.,
3435:Khaled Abou El Fadl
3098:popular sovereignty
3030:checks and balances
2836:political scientist
2834:". As described by
2767:Politics portal
2631:Economic liberalism
2626:Cultural liberalism
2163:Political alliances
2016:Reproductive rights
1991:Non-interventionism
1931:Homestead principle
1911:Freedom of religion
1901:Freedom of contract
1881:Freedom of assembly
1816:Drug liberalization
1669:Politics portal
372:Civil and political
345:Popular sovereignty
205:Economic liberalism
6096:Constitutional law
5514:Post-structuralism
5477:Christian humanism
5107:Universal suffrage
4844:2013-08-13 at the
4513:japan.kantei.go.jp
4342:. 17 February 2012
4225:2009-05-04 at the
4180:Willi Paul Adams,
4099:2011-05-11 at the
4070:2011-08-12 at the
4061:Stephen M. Griffin
4037:Fordham Law Review
4006:2008-12-02 at the
3865:2011-05-11 at the
3858:Genuine Principles
3770:2004-04-08 at the
3636:Bernard Schwartz,
3599:2006-06-23 at the
3474:Constitutional law
3405:Dominican Republic
3395:Dominican Republic
3382:, which historian
3294:Conservative Party
3254:The United Kingdom
3251:
3206:racial segregation
3172:Marbury v. Madison
3124:
2942:
2123:Capital punishment
2113:Affirmative action
2026:Right to sexuality
2006:Property is theft!
1921:Freedom of thought
340:Permissive society
320:Limited government
21:Constitutional law
6101:Philosophy of law
6078:
6077:
5905:Council of Europe
5807:International law
5760:Constitutionalism
5618:Eastern Orthodoxy
5124:Post–Cold War era
5057:Age of Revolution
4911:Greco-Roman world
4751:978-1-4129-6580-4
4670:" (archived from
4586:Europe: A History
4365:Los Angeles Times
4340:California Museum
4203:978-0-521-88188-3
4117:978-0-521-88188-3
4080:978-0-691-03404-1
4016:978-0-8476-8643-8
3927:Abbott, Lewis F.
3832:978-0-521-88188-3
3749:978-0-521-88188-3
3625:978-0-02-864880-4
3557:978-0-8203-1119-7
3509:Philosophy of law
3320:has maintained a
3298:Winston Churchill
3282:Constitutionalist
3202:one man, one vote
2817:institutionalized
2806:Constitutionalism
2803:
2802:
2646:Geolibertarianism
2622:Constitutionalism
2578:Anti-collectivism
2483:National variants
2333:Friedman (Milton)
2168:Political parties
2081:Workers' councils
2076:Voluntary society
2061:Stateless society
2051:Spontaneous order
1916:Freedom of speech
1891:Freedom of choice
1791:Counter-economics
1786:Cognitive liberty
1705:
1704:
1544:Bias in the media
1060:Regional variants
377:Natural and legal
6118:
5950:EU Customs Union
5482:Secular humanism
5430:Christian ethics
5380:East–West Schism
5363:Physical culture
5087:Great Divergence
5037:Age of Discovery
4876:
4869:
4862:
4853:
4797:
4788:Zalta, Edward N.
4771:
4675:
4664:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4589:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4560:. Archived from
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4427:. Archived from
4418:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4393:(5): 1101–1167.
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4357:
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4348:
4347:
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4249:
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4206:
4191:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4154:Paul K. Conkin,
4152:
4146:
4141:John J. Dinan, T
4139:
4133:
4126:
4120:
4089:
4083:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4034:
4025:
4019:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3975:
3969:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3945:
3939:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3884:Zuckert, Michael
3880:
3874:
3843:Gordon S. Wood,
3841:
3835:
3818:
3812:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3781:
3775:
3758:
3752:
3735:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3699:. Archived from
3694:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3634:
3628:
3613:
3604:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3566:
3560:
3545:
3426:Muslim countries
3140:delegated powers
3130:be limited by a
2919:political ethics
2795:
2788:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2711:Small government
2373:Friedman (David)
2148:Internal debates
1826:Economic freedom
1801:Decentralization
1796:Crypto-anarchism
1771:Artistic freedom
1741:Academic freedom
1707:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1667:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1573:Economic freedom
1566:Radical centrism
404:Secular humanism
330:Natural monopoly
281:Internationalism
98:Internationalist
48:
25:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6111:Western culture
6106:Theories of law
6081:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6040:UKUSA Agreement
5980:Lublin Triangle
5865:Baltic Assembly
5817:
5811:
5729:
5566:
5401:
5271:Eurolinguistics
5140:
5129:Information age
5102:Interwar period
4969:
4889:
4880:
4846:Wayback Machine
4782:Waluchow, Wil.
4781:
4778:
4752:
4717:
4684:
4682:Further reading
4679:
4678:
4665:
4661:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4567:
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4517:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4497:
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4435:
4431:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4384:
4383:
4379:
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4368:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4345:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4317:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4247:
4245:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4227:Wayback Machine
4213:
4209:
4192:
4188:
4179:
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4140:
4136:
4127:
4123:
4101:Wayback Machine
4090:
4086:
4072:Wayback Machine
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4055:
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4008:Wayback Machine
3999:
3995:
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3972:
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3957:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3926:
3922:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3886:(Spring 2004).
3882:
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3877:
3867:Wayback Machine
3842:
3838:
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3815:
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3772:Wayback Machine
3759:
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3684:
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3607:
3601:Wayback Machine
3592:
3588:
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3568:
3567:
3563:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3529:Social contract
3455:
3443:Nadirsyah Hosen
3422:
3397:
3376:
3349:
3344:
3314:sovereign state
3310:
3279:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3222:Miranda warning
3190:civil liberties
3167:judicial review
3114:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3043:
3014:Murray Rothbard
2993:
2977:civil liberties
2969:
2947:
2927:
2902:
2881:
2872:
2859:
2799:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2534:Aristotelianism
2517:
2509:
2508:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2173:Theories of law
2101:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2031:Self-governance
2011:Refusal of work
1776:Civil liberties
1756:Anti-capitalism
1729:
1701:
1661:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1318:North Macedonia
1062:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1040:Liberal parties
978:
970:
969:
760:
752:
751:
482:
472:
471:
456:
446:
445:
441:State of nature
429:Social services
419:Social contract
382:To own property
185:
177:
176:
56:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6124:
6122:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6070:Westernization
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6050:Visegrád Group
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5990:Nordic Council
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5885:Bucharest Nine
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5850:Arctic Council
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5460:Existentialism
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4993:Late antiquity
4985:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4836:
4831:
4820:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4777:
4776:External links
4774:
4773:
4772:
4750:
4734:Cato Institute
4720:Hamowy, Ronald
4715:
4692:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4659:
4646:
4636:
4626:
4616:
4607:
4600:
4574:
4524:
4500:
4491:
4469:
4462:
4444:
4404:
4377:
4352:
4324:
4296:
4254:
4230:
4207:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4134:
4128:G. Alan Tarr,
4121:
4084:
4053:
4050:on 2008-09-10.
4020:
3993:
3990:on 2006-06-23.
3970:
3968:(1978), p. 48.
3955:
3952:. p. 279.
3940:
3920:
3901:
3875:
3836:
3813:
3800:
3776:
3760:Dicey, A. V.,
3753:
3730:
3717:
3677:
3664:
3650:
3646:978-0877542070
3629:
3605:
3586:
3579:
3561:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:Libertarianism
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3439:Asifa Quraishi
3421:
3420:Islamic states
3418:
3396:
3393:
3375:
3372:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3309:
3306:
3278:
3275:
3240:
3237:
3229:
3228:United Kingdom
3226:
3224:), and so on.
3214:Bill of Rights
3178:Marshall Court
3113:
3110:
3080:
3077:
3072:Main article:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3055:
3042:
3039:
2997:Jeremy Waldron
2995:Legal scholar
2992:
2989:
2968:
2965:
2946:
2943:
2926:
2923:
2901:
2898:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2863:Gerhard Casper
2858:
2855:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:Anti-socialism
2590:
2585:
2583:Anti-communism
2580:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:Related topics
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2499:United Kingdom
2496:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Tax resistance
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:Social ecology
2043:
2038:
2036:Self-ownership
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Free migration
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1831:Egalitarianism
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Class struggle
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1761:Antimilitarism
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:Libertarianism
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:Utilitarianism
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1610:Libertarianism
1607:
1605:Land value tax
1602:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:Egalitarianism
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Anti-communism
1531:
1525:
1523:Related topics
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1477:Arizona School
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1445:United Kingdom
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
981:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
572:Wollstonecraft
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
463:
457:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
437:
436:
431:
424:Social justice
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
364:
363:
362:
357:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
325:Market economy
322:
317:
316:
315:
310:
300:
293:
288:
286:Invisible hand
283:
278:
276:Harm principle
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
255:
254:
249:
234:
229:
228:
227:
222:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
153:
152:
147:
142:
141:
140:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
89:
88:
78:
73:
68:
63:
57:
54:
53:
50:
49:
41:
40:
34:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6123:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6015:PROSUR/PROSUL
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:Craiova Group
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5825:ABCANZ Armies
5823:
5822:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5630:Protestantism
5628:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:Sovereigntism
5548:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5445:Scholasticism
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5135:
5134:War on terror
5132:
5130:
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5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:Modern period
5025:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4990:
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4924:
4922:
4919:
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4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4883:Western world
4877:
4872:
4870:
4865:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:(2008-03-13).
4829:
4828:
4827:The Economist
4824:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
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4712:9780199664603
4709:
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4650:
4647:
4640:
4637:
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4617:
4611:
4608:
4603:
4601:0-19-820171-0
4597:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4578:
4575:
4564:on 2012-12-17
4563:
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4470:
4465:
4463:0-674-16987-5
4459:
4455:
4448:
4445:
4434:on 2019-10-03
4430:
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4422:
4415:
4408:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4378:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4341:
4337:
4336:"Earl Warren"
4331:
4329:
4325:
4314:
4310:
4309:"Earl Warren"
4303:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4272:
4268:
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3959:
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3937:9780906321737
3934:
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3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3853:0-393-31040-X
3850:
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3602:
3598:
3595:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3580:0-674-16987-5
3576:
3572:
3565:
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3427:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:Norman Davies
3381:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3355:utilized the
3354:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3336:National Diet
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:parliamentary
3323:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:Liberal Party
3287:
3283:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3227:
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3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3159:John Marshall
3156:
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3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:United States
3078:
3075:
3068:United States
3067:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3052:David Fellman
3049:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3022:United States
3017:
3015:
3009:
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3000:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2925:Core features
2924:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2906:constitutions
2904:The study of
2899:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2840:David Fellman
2837:
2833:
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2796:
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2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2504:United States
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
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2479:
2472:
2469:
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2199:
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2159:
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2149:
2146:
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2134:
2131:
2129:
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2109:
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2105:
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2079:
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2062:
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2037:
2034:
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:Individualism
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
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1899:
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1887:
1884:
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1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
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1824:
1822:
1821:Direct action
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1593:Individualism
1591:
1589:
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1579:
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1574:
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1564:
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1478:
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1474:
1473:
1472:United States
1470:
1466:
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1123:
1120:
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1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Latin America
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
977:Organizations
974:
973:
966:
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961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
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918:
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901:
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886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
756:
755:
748:
745:
743:
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738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
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683:
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675:
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663:
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658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
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628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
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608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
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503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
481:
476:
475:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
455:
450:
449:
442:
439:
435:
434:Welfare state
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
348:
346:
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338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
299:
298:
297:Laissez-faire
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
253:
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245:
244:
243:
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239:
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198:
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173:
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163:
160:
158:
155:
151:
148:
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139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
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121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
52:
51:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
6060:Western Bloc
5860:AUSCANNZUKUS
5816:Contemporary
5765:Human rights
5759:
5611:Latin Church
5585:Christianity
5535:
5494:Conservatism
5339:contemporary
5176:Architecture
5112:World War II
5072:Emancipation
5067:Abolitionism
4955:Romanization
4950:Roman legacy
4931:Roman Empire
4825:
4814:
4791:
4724:
4695:
4688:
4672:the original
4662:
4654:
4649:
4639:
4629:
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4585:
4577:
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4562:the original
4541:
4537:
4527:
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4512:
4503:
4494:
4479:
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4453:
4447:
4436:. Retrieved
4429:the original
4424:
4420:
4407:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4369:. Retrieved
4367:. 1974-07-10
4364:
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4339:
4316:. Retrieved
4313:www.mtsu.edu
4312:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:
4246:. Retrieved
4242:
4233:
4215:
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4137:
4129:
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4056:
4045:the original
4040:
4036:
4023:
3996:
3988:the original
3983:
3973:
3964:
3958:
3949:
3943:
3928:
3923:
3914:
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3878:
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3803:
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3788:
3779:
3762:
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3701:the original
3696:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3658:
3653:
3637:
3632:
3616:
3589:
3570:
3564:
3548:
3543:
3423:
3398:
3388:
3377:
3374:Prescriptive
3367:liberum veto
3366:
3361:, a form of
3358:liberum veto
3356:
3350:
3311:
3280:
3277:Prescriptive
3252:
3194:Warren Court
3186:civil rights
3170:
3153:Two notable
3152:
3132:constitution
3125:
3112:Prescriptive
3106:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3044:
3025:
3019:
3011:
3002:
2994:
2973:civil rights
2970:
2959:
2956:
2948:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2885:Wil Waluchow
2882:
2879:Prescriptive
2873:
2860:
2845:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2588:Anti-fascism
2573:Abolitionism
2489:South Africa
2456:Korwin-Mikke
2192:Philosophers
2178:War on Drugs
2021:Right to die
1926:Gift economy
1766:Anti-statism
1627:Pirate Party
1487:Jeffersonian
1395:South Africa
885:Lloyd George
480:Philosophers
387:To bear arms
335:Open society
295:
66:Conservative
6000:Open Balkan
5818:integration
5748:Rule of law
5743:Natural law
5720:Agnosticism
5698:Hellenistic
5676:Anglo-Saxon
5606:Catholicism
5545:Atlanticism
5450:Rationalism
5256:Immigration
5239:Esotericism
5097:World War I
5062:Romanticism
5042:Reformation
5022:Renaissance
5000:Middle Ages
4965:Christendom
4894:Foundations
4218:1:424–450.
3519:Rule of law
3447:Arab Spring
3409:Puerto Rico
3347:Descriptive
3239:Descriptive
3163:Earl Warren
3079:Descriptive
2975:as well as
2934:Magna Carta
2870:Descriptive
2849:rule of law
2701:Objectivism
2415:Politicians
2158:Objectivism
2153:LGBT rights
2138:Immigration
1971:Natural law
1861:Free market
1836:Evictionism
1811:Departurism
1455:Gladstonian
1415:Switzerland
1400:South Korea
1343:Philippines
1303:New Zealand
1298:Netherlands
955:Verhofstadt
950:Balcerowicz
759:Politicians
687:Collingwood
627:Tocqueville
502:Montesquieu
394:Rule of law
195:Due process
6085:Categories
6020:Rio Treaty
5531:Relativism
5489:Liberalism
5455:Empiricism
5407:Philosophy
5395:Secularism
5346:Philosophy
5283:Literature
5077:Capitalism
4760:2008009151
4704:0199664609
4568:2009-05-18
4518:2019-10-21
4438:2019-10-21
4371:2019-10-06
4346:2019-09-01
4318:2019-09-15
4276:2019-10-21
4248:2019-10-21
3794:2019-10-21
3697:utexas.edu
3535:References
3401:Juan Bosch
3387:nobility (
3270:Parliament
3232:See also:
3218:to silence
3196:started a
3144:government
3128:government
2991:Criticisms
2981:minorities
2914:A.V. Dicey
2857:Definition
2539:Liberalism
2041:Single tax
1936:Illegalism
1876:Free trade
1736:Abstention
1583:Empiricism
1554:Democratic
1549:Capitalism
1460:Manchester
1293:Montenegro
1278:Luxembourg
1214:Venizelism
1144:Costa Rica
399:Secularism
232:Federalism
184:Principles
76:Democratic
38:Liberalism
5965:Five Eyes
5960:EU–UK TCA
5802:Democracy
5691:Old Norse
5580:Abrahamic
5537:Peritrope
5519:Tolerance
5499:Socialism
5329:Mythology
5317:Classical
5266:Languages
5244:Astrology
5092:Modernism
4906:Old World
4768:750831024
2985:democracy
2828:citizenry
2824:liberties
2641:Fusionism
2544:classical
2529:Anarchism
2446:Goldwater
2436:Cleveland
2426:Gladstone
2298:De Cleyre
2223:Jefferson
2198:La Boétie
2128:Criticism
2056:Squatting
1856:Free love
1598:Anarchist
1506:Venezuela
1482:Classical
1450:Cobdenism
1353:Cracovian
1308:Nicaragua
1273:Lithuania
1132:Hong Kong
1087:Australia
925:Roosevelt
895:StĂĄhlberg
890:Venizelos
845:Sarmiento
835:Gladstone
795:Lamartine
765:Jefferson
617:Martineau
567:De Gouges
552:Condorcet
537:Priestley
200:Democracy
172:Third Way
133:Christian
128:Religious
61:Classical
6025:Schengen
5955:Eurozone
5795:Property
5790:Religion
5681:Frankish
5671:Germanic
5651:Paganism
5572:Religion
5560:European
5472:Humanism
5375:Religion
5334:Painting
5300:Internet
5251:Folklore
5222:Clothing
5193:Calendar
5169:Cyrillic
5154:Alphabet
5117:Cold War
4842:Archived
4812:MJC Vile
4558:55627046
4399:23408735
4285:cite web
4223:Archived
4097:Archived
4068:Archived
4004:Archived
3863:Archived
3768:Archived
3597:Archived
3453:See also
3389:szlachta
3330:with an
3146:and the
2832:minority
2651:Georgism
2441:Coolidge
2393:Lottieri
2348:Rothbard
2338:Bookchin
2318:Paterson
2263:Proudhon
2238:Hodgskin
2208:Franklin
2108:Abortion
1966:Localism
1728:Concepts
1712:a series
1710:Part of
1588:Humanism
1561:Centrism
1511:Zimbabwe
1465:Whiggism
1425:Thailand
1390:Slovenia
1385:Slovakia
1360:Portugal
1333:Paraguay
1256:Liberism
1221:Honduras
1139:Colombia
1112:Bulgaria
905:Rathenau
880:Milyukov
800:Macaulay
770:Kołłątaj
742:Kymlicka
722:Friedman
667:Cassirer
657:Hobhouse
592:Constant
587:Humboldt
547:Beccaria
512:Rousseau
507:Voltaire
350:Property
313:Positive
308:Negative
264:Religion
242:Economic
215:Equality
138:Catholic
108:National
103:Muscular
81:Feminist
71:Cultural
30:a series
28:Part of
5870:Benelux
5775:Thought
5725:Atheism
5666:Finnish
5642:Culture
5637:Judaism
5599:Eastern
5595:Western
5590:Culture
5524:Paradox
5390:Decline
5351:Science
5227:History
5215:Studies
5198:Cuisine
5186:Periods
5146:Culture
4975:History
4941:Eastern
4936:Western
4887:culture
4790:(ed.).
4722:(ed.).
3403:in the
3332:Emperor
3322:unitary
3300:in the
3198:liberal
3142:to the
3032:" and "
2938:England
2826:of the
2549:radical
2461:Johnson
2421:Bastiat
2403:Brennan
2378:Van Dun
2353:Chomsky
2303:Goldman
2288:Herbert
2283:Spencer
2278:Thoreau
2273:Bakunin
2268:Andrews
2258:Spooner
2253:Stirner
2248:Emerson
2228:Bentham
1956:Liberty
1501:Uruguay
1440:Ukraine
1430:Tunisia
1375:Senegal
1365:Romania
1313:Nigeria
1288:Moldova
1231:Iceland
1226:Hungary
1204:Germany
1199:Georgia
1189:Finland
1184:Estonia
1174:Ecuador
1169:Denmark
1164:Czechia
1149:Croatia
1102:Bolivia
1097:Belgium
1092:Austria
1082:Armenia
1077:Albania
945:Jenkins
940:Kennedy
930:Pearson
915:Einaudi
900:Gokhale
860:Itagaki
855:Naoroji
850:Mommsen
830:Lincoln
820:Mazzini
805:Kossuth
790:Broglie
785:BolĂvar
780:Artigas
775:Madison
637:Spencer
622:Emerson
612:Bastiat
597:Ricardo
557:Bentham
497:Spinoza
454:History
355:Private
303:Liberty
237:Freedom
157:Secular
145:Islamic
123:Radical
55:Schools
5890:CANZUK
5780:Speech
5708:Slavic
5686:Gothic
5661:Celtic
5656:Baltic
5555:Values
5356:Values
4916:Greece
4766:
4758:
4748:
4710:
4702:
4598:
4556:
4487:, 348.
4460:
4397:
4216:Annals
4201:
4115:
4103:," 35
4078:
4014:
3935:
3851:
3830:
3747:
3644:
3623:
3577:
3555:
3148:rights
2471:Hannan
2398:Huemer
2383:Konkin
2363:Machan
2358:Nozick
2308:Gandhi
2293:George
2243:Warren
2233:Godwin
2100:Issues
1494:Modern
1435:Turkey
1420:Taiwan
1410:Sweden
1380:Serbia
1370:Russia
1348:Poland
1328:Panama
1323:Norway
1283:Mexico
1268:Latvia
1246:Israel
1209:Greece
1194:France
1159:Cyprus
1117:Canada
1107:Brazil
1067:Europe
965:Macron
910:Madero
875:Deakin
865:Levski
840:Cavour
825:Juárez
815:Cobden
747:Badawi
737:Nozick
717:Berlin
707:Popper
682:Keynes
677:Ortega
642:Arnold
602:Guizot
562:Korais
527:Turgot
487:Milton
367:Rights
360:Public
269:Speech
247:Market
220:Gender
167:Techno
162:Social
150:Jewish
86:Equity
6045:USMCA
5900:CEFTA
5855:AUKUS
5845:ANZUS
5840:ANZUK
5785:Press
5703:Roman
5368:Sport
5312:Chant
5307:Music
5295:Media
5288:Canon
5234:Dance
5164:Latin
5159:Greek
5005:early
4786:. In
4644:2011.
4634:2011.
4624:2011.
4554:S2CID
4432:(PDF)
4417:(PDF)
4395:JSTOR
4048:(PDF)
4033:(PDF)
3710:2 May
3704:(PDF)
3693:(PDF)
3318:Japan
3308:Japan
2494:Spain
2466:Milei
2431:Acton
2388:Hoppe
2368:Block
2323:Hayek
2313:Mises
2218:Paine
2213:Burke
2203:Locke
1620:Right
1405:Spain
1263:Japan
1251:Italy
1236:India
1179:Egypt
1127:China
1122:Chile
960:Obama
935:Ohlin
870:Kemal
727:Rawls
702:Hayek
692:ÄŚapek
672:Mises
662:Croce
652:Weber
647:Acton
577:Staël
542:Paine
532:Burke
517:Smith
492:Locke
259:Press
252:Trade
225:Legal
93:Green
6005:OSCE
5985:NATO
5930:EFTA
5895:CBSS
5880:BSEC
5770:Life
5322:Folk
5203:Diet
5015:late
5010:high
4926:Rome
4885:and
4764:OCLC
4756:LCCN
4746:ISBN
4730:SAGE
4708:ISBN
4700:ISBN
4596:ISBN
4458:ISBN
4291:link
4243:Oyez
4220:Link
4199:ISBN
4113:ISBN
4076:ISBN
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3933:ISBN
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3828:ISBN
3745:ISBN
3712:2018
3642:ISBN
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3378:The
3268:and
3266:King
3208:and
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2328:Rand
1615:Left
1338:Peru
1241:Iran
1154:Cuba
920:King
810:Deák
712:Aron
632:Mill
607:List
522:Kant
118:Ordo
5995:OAS
5940:ESA
5935:EPC
5925:EEA
5830:AER
5735:Law
5713:Neo
5261:Law
5181:Art
4738:doi
4592:699
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3316:of
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