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as part of a larger transformation in
Western societies, which began in the sixteenth century. The social changes brought about by that transformation resulted in the modification of Western concepts of time, space, society, the individual, the family and the state. This provided the base on which the consumer revolution could thrive and develop into a mass phenomenon. McCracken (1988) was one of the first scholars offering a comprehensive review of the history of consumption. He approached the subject by dividing the course of events into three moments. The first moment falls within the last quarter of the sixteenth century in Elizabethan England where profound changes in consumption pattern occurred in a small section of the population. This was the moment where some of the established concepts, notably the concepts of space, the individual and the family began to falter. The circumstances bringing about these changes served as a primer for the consumer movement that would come a century later. McCracken describes this as the second moment. It was characterized by a heightened propensity to spend, by a greatly extended choice of goods, and an increased frequency of purchases. Fashion started to play an important role too, and, for the first time, the individual as a consumer became the target of manipulative attempts. The origins of modern marketing instruments can be traced back to this time. With the rise of the third moment, the consumer movement was already a structural feature of life(McCracken, 1988). However, the development was not yet completed. The 19th century added new qualities to the movement and turned it into a 'dream world of consumption' (Williams, 1982).
1377:, noticed the way that aristocratic fashions, themselves subject to periodic changes in direction, slowly filtered down through different classes of society. He pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence and manipulate the movement of prevailing tastes and preferences to cause the aristocracy to accept his goods; it was only a matter of time before the middle classes also rapidly bought up his goods. Other producers of a wide range of other products followed his example, and the spread and importance of consumption fashions became steadily more important. Since then, advertising has played a major role in fostering a consumerist society, marketing goods through various platforms in nearly all aspects of
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developing, such as
Twitter, websites, news and social media, with sharing and participation as the core, consumers share product information and opinions through social media. At the same time, by understanding the reputation of the brand on social media, consumers can easily change their original attitude towards the brand. The information provided by social media helps consumers shorten the time of thinking about products and decision-making, so as to improve consumers' initiative in purchase decision-making and improve consumers' shopping and decision-making quality to a certain extent.
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and make people in contact with it. The image of television advertising is realistic, and it is easy to have an interest and desire to buy advertising goods, At the same time, the audience intentionally or unintentionally compares and comments on the advertised goods while appreciating the TV advertisements, arouses the interest of the audience by attracting attention, and forms a buying idea, which is conducive to enhancing the buying confidence. Therefore, TV can be used as a media way to accelerate and affect people's desire to buy products.
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2880:, human society is in a "global overshoot", consuming 30% more material than is sustainable from the world's resources. Rees went on to state that at present, 85 countries are exceeding their domestic "bio-capacities", and compensate for their lack of local material by depleting the stocks of other countries, which have a material surplus due to their lower consumption. Not only that, but McCraken indicates that how consumer goods and services are bought, created and used should be taken under consideration when studying consumption.
2829:. He critiques the harm consumerism does to the environment and states, "The analysis of environmental problems cannot be separated from the analysis of human, family, work-related and urban contexts, nor from how individuals relate to themselves, which leads in turn to how they relate to others and to the environment." Pope Francis believes the obsession with consumerism leads individuals further away from their humanity and obscures the interrelated nature between humans and the environment.
2733:, examines how the culture of consumerism and materialism affects our happiness and well-being. The book argues that people who value wealth and possessions more than other things tend to have lower levels of satisfaction, self-esteem, and intimacy, and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and insecurity. The book also explores how materialistic values harm our relationships, our communities, and our environment, and suggests ways to reduce materialism and increase our quality of life.
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identical tastes of Coke and Pepsi. By owning a product from a certain brand, one's ownership becomes a vehicle of presenting an identity that is associated with the attitude of the brand. The idea of individual choice is exploited by corporations that claim to sell "uniqueness" and the building blocks of an identity. The invention of the commodity self is a driving force of consumerist societies, preying upon the deep human need to build a sense of self.
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The widespread sale and marketing of Doc
Martens brought the boots back into the mainstream. While corporate America reaped the ever-growing profits of the increasingly expensive boot and those modeled after its style, Doc Martens lost their original political association. Mainstream consumers used Doc Martens and similar items to create an "individualized" sense
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goods and services. Second, the technical and social relations that structured the mass media all over the world made it very easy for new consumerist lifestyles to become the dominant motif for these media, which became in time extraordinarily efficient vehicles for the broadcasting of the culture-ideology of consumerism globally.
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their emphasis on the financial worth of luxury changed society's perceptions of luxury. They argue that a significant transformation occurred in the eighteenth century when the focus shifted from court-centered luxury spending to consumer-driven luxury consumption, which was fueled by middle-class purchases of new products.
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The origins of the consumer society as we know it today can be traced back a few hundred years. According to McKendrick, Brewer and Plumb (1982) the birthplace can be found in eighteenth century
England. However, as McCracken (1988) has pointed out, the consumer revolution as a whole needs to be seen
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Today's society has entered the era of entertainment and the
Internet. Most people spend more time browsing on mobile phones than face-to-face. The convenience of social media has a subtle impact on the public and unconsciously changes people's consumption habits. The socialized Internet is gradually
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Emulation is also a core component of 21st century consumerism. As a general trend, regular consumers seek to emulate those who are above them in the social hierarchy. The poor strive to imitate the wealthy and the wealthy imitate celebrities and other icons. The celebrity endorsement of products can
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commenced in the 18th century, more precisely from 1764 to 1776, as
Witkowski's article "Colonial Consumers in Revolt: Buyer Values and Behavior during the Nonimportation Movement, 1764-1776" discusses. He describes the evolving development of consumer culture in the context of "colonial America". An
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It is true of dress in even a higher degree than of most other items of consumption, that people will undergo a very considerable degree of privation in the comforts or the necessaries of life to afford what is considered a decent amount of wasteful consumption; so that it is by no means an uncommon
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that the aristocracy and affluent merchants imported from nations like Italy and the Low
Countries. This expansion of luxury consumption in England was facilitated by state policies that encouraged cultural borrowing and import substitution, hence enabling the purchase of luxury items. Luxury goods
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saying that human beings, despite considering themselves civilized thinkers, are "subconsciously still driven by an impulse for survival, domination and expansion ... an impulse which now finds expression in the idea that inexorable economic growth is the answer to everything, and, given time, will
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The advent of the television in the late 1940s proved to be an attractive opportunity for advertisers, who could reach potential consumers in the home using lifelike images and sound. The introduction of mass commercial television positively impacted retail sales. The television motivated consumers
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The consumer society developed throughout the late 17th century and the 18th century. Peck addresses the assertion made by consumption scholars about writers such as "Nicholas Barbon and
Bernard Mandeville" in "Luxury and War: Reconsidering Luxury Consumption in Seventeenth-Century England" and how
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First, capitalism entered a qualitatively new globalizing phase in the 1950s. As the electronic revolution got underway, significant changes began to occur in the productivity of capitalist factories, systems of extraction, processing of raw materials, product design, marketing and distribution of
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For example, people often identify as PC or Mac users, or define themselves as a Coke drinker rather than a Pepsi drinker. The ability to choose one product out of a great number of others allows a person to build a sense of "unique" individuality, despite the prevalence of Mac users or the nearly
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as workers boots, gained popularity with the punk movement and AIDs activism groups and became symbols of an individual's place in that social group. When corporate
America recognized the growing popularity of Doc Martens they underwent another change in cultural meaning through counter-bricolage.
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According to Woojin, the attraction of television advertising has brought an improvement in
Americans' social status. Watching television programs has become an important part of people's cultural life. Television advertising can enrich and change the content of advertising from hearing and vision
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In the 21st century's globalized economy, consumerism has become a noticeable part of the culture. Critics of the phenomenon not only criticized it against what is environmentally sustainable, but also the spread of consumerism in cultural aspects. However, several scholars have written about the
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Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction and our ego satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an
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Businesses have realized that wealthy consumers are the most attractive targets of marketing. The upper class's tastes, lifestyles, and preferences trickle down to become the standard for all consumers. The not-so-wealthy consumers can "purchase something new that will speak of their place in the
2723:"consumerism succeeded where other ideologies failed because it concretely expressed the cardinal political ideals of the century – liberty and democracy – and with relatively little self-destructive behavior or personal humiliation." He discusses how consumerism won in its forms of expression.
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dramatically increased the availability of consumer goods, although it was still primarily focused on the capital goods sector and industrial infrastructure (i.e., mining, steel, oil, transportation networks, communications networks, industrial cities, financial centers, etc.). The advent of the
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With the development of the economy, consumers' awareness of protecting their rights and interests is growing, and consumer demand is growing. Online commerce has expanded the consumer market and enhanced consumer information and market transparency. Digital fields not only bring advantages and
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what Havel identifies as 'the general unwillingness of consumption-oriented people to sacrifice some material certainties for the sake of their own spiritual and moral integrity' is a phenomenon that is hardly unique to communist societies. In the West, consumerism induces people to make moral
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For example, in 1993, Goss wrote that the shopping center designers "strive to present an alternative rationale for the shopping center's existence, manipulate shoppers' behavior through the configuration of space, and consciously design a symbolic landscape that provokes associative moods and
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Under the virtual network environment, on the one hand, consumers' privacy protection is vulnerable to infringement, driven by the development of hacker technology and the Internet, on the other hand, consumers' right to know is the basic right of consumers. When purchasing goods and receiving
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in the media or even in their daily lives. The line between information, entertainment, and promotion of products has been blurred, thus explaining how people have become more reformulated into consumerist behaviours. Shopping centers are a representative example of a place where people are
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Consumerism can take extreme forms, to the extent that consumers will sacrifice significant time and income not only to make purchases, but also to actively support a certain firm or brand. As stated by Gary Cross in his book "All Consuming Century: Why Consumerism Won in Modern America",
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dispositions in the shopper". On the prevalence of consumerism in daily life, historian Gary Cross says that "The endless variation of clothing, travel, and entertainment provided opportunity for practically everyone to find a personal niche, no matter their race, age, gender or class."
1587:. Bricolage is the process by which mainstream products are adopted and transformed by subcultures. These items develop a function and meaning that differs from their corporate producer's intent. In many cases, commodities that have undergone bricolage often develop political meanings.
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services, we need the real situation of institutional services. Finally, in the Internet era, consumers' demand is increasing, and we also need to protect consumers' rights and interests to improve consumers' rights and interests and promote the operation of the economic market.
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The English evonomy expanded significantly in the 17th century due to new methods of agriculture that rendered it feasible to cultivate a larger area. A time of heightened demand for luxury goods and increased cultural interaction was reflected in the wide range of
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Opponents of consumerism argue that many luxuries and unnecessary consumer-products may act as a social mechanism allowing people to identify like-minded individuals through the display of similar products, again utilizing aspects of status-symbolism to judge
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emphasis on efficiency and economical consumption gave way to a preference for comfort, convenience, and importing products. During this time of transformation, colonial consumers had to choose between rising material desires and conventional values.
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be seen as evidence of the desire of modern consumers to purchase products partly or solely to emulate people of higher social status. This purchasing behavior may co-exist in the mind of a consumer with an image of oneself as being an individualist.
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represented a paradigm shift in the experience of shopping. Customers could now buy an astonishing variety of goods, all in one place, and shopping became a popular leisure activity. While previously the norm had been the scarcity of resources, the
1470:. The term describes an apparently irrational and confounding form of economic behaviour. Veblen's scathing proposal that this unnecessary consumption is a form of status display is made in darkly humorous observations like the following:
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and prosperous merchants took up residence and promoted a culture of luxury and consumption that slowly extended across socio-economic boundaries. Marketplaces expanded as shopping centres, such as the New Exchange, opened in 1609 by
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Conservation scientists Lian Pin Koh and Tien Ming Lee, discuss that in the 21st century, the damage to forests and biodiversity cannot be dealt with only by the shift towards "Green" initiatives such as "sustainable production,
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By the turn of the 20th century, the average worker in Western Europe or the United States still spent approximately 80–90% of their income on food and other necessities. What was needed to propel consumerism, was a system of
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created an unprecedented economic situation. For the first time in history products were available in outstanding quantities, at outstandingly low prices, therefore available to virtually everyone in the industrialized West.
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would pin the tag where it actually belongs – on Mr. Consumer, the real boss and beneficiary of the American system. It would pull the rug right out from under our unfriendly critics who have blasted away so long and loud at
1613:'s Dave Tilford, "With less than 5 percent of world population, the U.S. uses one-third of the world's paper, a quarter of the world's oil, 23 percent of the coal, 27 percent of the aluminum, and 19 percent of the copper."
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writes that consumers are often unaware of the negative environmental impacts of producing many modern goods and services, and that the extensive advertising industry only serves to reinforce increasing consumption.
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Jon Goss(1993), The "Magic of the Mall": An Analysis of Form, Function, and Meaning in the Contemporary Retail Built Environment, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 83, No. 1. (Mar. 1993), pp.
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Consumerism is the concept that consumers should be informed decision makers in the marketplace. In this sense consumerism is the study and practice of matching consumers with trustworthy information, such as
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he notes, "Basically, the economic system does not work when it comes to protecting environmental resources, and the political system does not work when it comes to correcting the economic system".
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to the organization of the assembly line in other industries; this unleashed incredible productivity and reduced the costs of commodities produced on assembly lines around the world.
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Arguably, the success of the consumerist cultural ideology can be witnessed all around the world. People who rush to the mall to buy products and end up spending money with their
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When consumerism is considered as a movement to improve rights and powers of buyers in relation to sellers, there are certain traditional rights and powers of sellers and buyers.
2904:, and improved production practices". They argue that consumption in developing and emerging countries needs to be less excessive. Likewise, other ecological economists such as
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One sense of the term relates to efforts to support consumers' interests. By the early 1970s it had become the accepted term for the field and began to be used in these ways:
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Leslie Sklair, from Chapter 5 of Globalization: Capitalism and Its Alternatives, 3rd edn, Oxford University Press, 2002. Reprinted with permission of Oxford University Press
2745:. Some people believe relationships with a product or brand name are substitutes for healthy human relationships lacking in societies, and along with consumerism, create a
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noted to fellow advertising executives in 1932 that "consumer engineering must see to it that we use up the kind of goods we now merely use", while the domestic theorist
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introduced what he referred to as the "commodification of consciousness", and coined the term "commodity self" to describe an identity built by the goods we consume.
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to purchase more products and upgrade whatever they currently had. In the United States, a new consumer culture developed centered around buying products, especially
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2928:, and consumer cultural historian Gary Cross. Leslie Sklair proposes the criticism through the idea of culture-ideology of consumerism in his works. He says that,
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is used to describe the tendency of people to identify strongly with products or services they consume, especially those with commercial brand-names and perceived
1109:. Similarly, some research and criticism focuses on the sociological effects of consumerism, such as reinforcement of class barriers and creation of inequalities.
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of consumers should strongly inform the choice by manufacturers of what is produced and how, and therefore influence the economic organization of a society.
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Since consumerism began, various individuals and groups have consciously sought an alternative lifestyle. These movements range on a spectrum from moderate "
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says that "Trying to reduce environmental pollution without reducing consumerism is like combatting drug trafficking without reducing the drug addiction."
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Andreas Eisingerich discusses in his article "Vision statement: Behold the extreme consumers...and learn to embrace them" that "In many critical contexts,
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is a social and economic order in which the aspirations of many individuals include the acquisition of goods and services beyond those necessary for
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1333:. Shops started to become important as places for Londoners to meet and socialize and became popular destinations alongside the theatre. From 1660,
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3753:"Do Consumers Acculturated to Global Consumer Culture Buy More Impulsively? The Moderating Role of Attitudes towards and Beliefs about Advertising"
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The term "consumerism" has several definitions. These definitions may not be related to each other and confusingly, they conflict with each other.
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and became widespread around 1900. In economics, consumerism refers to policies that emphasize consumption. It is the consideration that the
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The term "conspicuous consumption" spread to describe consumerism in the United States in the 1960s, but was soon linked to debates about
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observed in 1929 that "the way to break the vicious deadlock of a low standard of living is to spend freely, and even waste creatively".
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4729:"Exploring relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society: A structured systematic literature review"
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1093:) and environmentalists concerned about its impact on the planet. Experts often assert that consumerism has physical limits, such as
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is the social movement which refers to all actions and all entities within the marketplace which give consideration to the consumer.
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compromises with themselves daily, and they lie to themselves in the name of ideas like 'self-realization' or 'personal growth.'
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Moreover, some critics have expressed concern about the role commodities play in the definition of one's self. In his 1976 book
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to mean "high levels of consumption". This definition has gained popularity since the 1970s and began to be used in these ways:
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Panizzut, Nina; Rafi-ul-Shan, Piyya Muhammad; Amar, Hassan; Sher, Farooq; Mazhar, Muhammad Usman; Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír (2021).
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2773:(1884–1966), who held American materialism up as "a beacon of mediocrity that threatened to eclipse French civilization".
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Cross, Gary S. An All-Consuming Century: Why Commercialism Won in Modern America. Columbia University Press, 2002. pp.233
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Consumerism has been criticized by both individuals who choose other ways of participating in the economy (i.e. choosing
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Sturken, Marita and Cartwright, Lisa. "Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture". Oxford UP, 2001, p. 279
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Sturken, Marita and Cartwright, Lisa. "Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture". Oxford UP, 2001, p. 79
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Discussions of the environmental implications of consumerist ideologies in works by economists James Gustave Speth and
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London also saw the growth of luxury buildings as advertisements for social position, with speculative architects like
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Sturken, Marita and Cartwright, Lisa. "Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture". Oxford UP, 2001, p.78
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operating. This then-scandalous line of thought caused great controversy with the publication of the influential work
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Critics of consumerism point out that consumerist societies are more prone to damage the environment, contribute to
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The bridge at the edge of the world : capitalism, the environment, and crossing from crisis to sustainability
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Consumerism has long had intentional underpinnings, rather than just developing out of capitalism. As an example,
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2769:(1880–1936), who said: "Life in America is exclusively economic in structure and lacks depth", and French writer
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included sugar, tobacco, tea, and coffee; these were increasingly grown on vast plantations (historically by
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Consumerism is a force from the marketplace which destroys individuality and harms society. It is related to
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recognize the inherent conflict between consumer-driven consumption and planet-wide ecological degradation.
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The pattern of intensified consumption became particularly visible in the 17th century in London, where the
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addresses the macro-economic, social and ecological implications of a primarily consumer-driven economy.
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convenience but also cause many problems and increase the opportunities for consumers to suffer damage.
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4531:: on Care for Our Common Home: Encyclical Letter, by Pope Francis, Our Sunday Visitor, 2015, pp. 27–27.
3637:"Colonial Consumers in Revolt: Buyer Values and Behavior during the Nonimportation Movement, 1764-1776"
3455:"On self-service democracy: Configurations of individualizing governance and self-directed citizenship"
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Empire of things: how we became a world of consumers, from the fifteenth century to the twenty-first
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Sklair, L. 2012. Culture-Ideology of Consumerism. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization
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Consumerism refers to the field of studying, regulating, or interacting with the marketplace. The
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of natural resources or large amounts of waste from disposable goods and significant effects like
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Swagler, R. (1994). "Evolution and Applications of the Term Consumerism: Theme and Variations".
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3160: – Refers to highly mobile individuals who take frequent trips, often over great distances.
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The Human Being Lost in Consumerism: A Polish Perspective and Challenges in Religious Education
3028: – attempts to expand on the traditional theories of value used by economists or ethicists
1620:, "If everyone consumed resources at the US level, you will need another four or five Earths."
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477:
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340:
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165:
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1381:, and pushing the message that the potential customer's personal life requires some product.
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5090:
Peter Medlin, WNIJ, "Illinois Is the First State to Have High Schools Teach News Literacy,"
4930:
4740:
4701:
4433:
4266:
4194:
4155:
4053:"The meteoric rise of Chinese consumerism will reshape the world, and maybe even destroy it"
3923:
3767:
3466:
3408:
3233:
3151:
3066:
2996:
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27:
Socio-economic order that encourages the purchase of goods/services in ever-greater amounts
6741:
6622:
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6488:
6122:
6032:
5926:
5791:
5761:
5713:
5490:
5331:
4489:
3965:
3372:
3254:
3230: – Policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life
3201:
3018:
2770:
2766:
2681:
2565:
2550:
2410:
2365:
2315:
2245:
1988:
1947:
1877:
1867:
1857:
1777:
1732:
1717:
1707:
1687:
1617:
1484:
1480:
1466:" originated at the turn of the 20th century in the writings of sociologist and economist
1415:
1390:
1374:
1362:
1338:
1196:
1098:
1024:
869:
774:
731:
711:
706:
696:
691:
613:
408:
31:
3976:
Miller, Eric. Attracting the Affluent. Naperville, Illinois: Financial Sourcebooks, 1990.
3429:
The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit – Updated Edition
2887:
in itself, but they argue against increasing the consumption of resources beyond what is
1221:
While the above definitions were becoming established, other people began using the term
4697:
1355:
argued that a country's prosperity ultimately lay in the self-interest of the consumer.
6340:
6284:
6264:
6102:
6097:
6057:
6012:
6007:
5751:
5733:
5698:
5653:
5632:
5516:
5288:
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3412:
3187:
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977:
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350:
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115:
100:
95:
43:
1475:
occurrence, in an inclement climate, for people to go ill clad to appear well dressed.
6771:
6719:
6714:
6572:
6447:
6365:
6269:
6137:
6107:
6077:
5822:
5801:
5397:
5373:
5278:
4761:
4216:
4110:"Biologists think 50% of species will be facing extinction by the end of the century"
3943:
3787:
3547:
3478:
3145:
3043:
2984:
2937:
Today, people are universally and continuously being exposed to mass consumerism and
2849:
2708:
2520:
2405:
2345:
2230:
2140:
1892:
1537:
1321:
1281:
1280:
labor) in the Caribbean as demand steadily rose. In particular, sugar consumption in
1245:
1238:
1174:
1086:
1071:
967:
839:
799:
671:
335:
235:
215:
4713:
4286:"Where the Green Is: Examining the Paradox of Environmentally Conscious Consumption"
1233:. In this sense consumerism is negative and in opposition to positive lifestyles of
6704:
6518:
6472:
6452:
6383:
6244:
6192:
6027:
5931:
5921:
5703:
5612:
5602:
5468:
5442:
4255:"SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IS CHANGING CULTURAL PERCEPTION TOWARD ENVIRONMENT"
3242:
3178:
3084:
2950:
2921:
relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society.
2862:
2817:
2811:
2787:
Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture
2595:
2585:
2310:
2250:
2225:
2205:
1907:
1847:
1832:
1792:
1767:
1727:
1579:
Cultural capital, the intangible social value of goods, is not solely generated by
1553:
1510:
1488:
1272:
1202:
Consumerism is the concept that the marketplace itself is responsible for ensuring
889:
829:
756:
540:
315:
225:
4199:
4182:
3927:
3771:
3224: – Limits not to be exceeded if humanity wants to survive in a safe ecosystem
1101:, which have larger impacts on the environment. This includes direct effects like
4705:
4437:
3682:
3659:
3611:"Luxury and War: Reconsidering Luxury Consumption in Seventeenth-Century England"
2942:
explicitly exposed to an environment that welcomes and encourages consumption.
2765:
Figures who arguably do not wholly buy into consumerism include German historian
6637:
6422:
6398:
6335:
6212:
6162:
6112:
6062:
5796:
5617:
5554:
5447:
5326:
4270:
3284:
3063: – Condition in which consumer demand is manipulated through mass-marketing
2925:
2905:
2865:
2791:
2620:
2480:
2455:
2390:
2340:
2255:
2235:
2210:
2173:
2105:
1610:
1146:
972:
874:
550:
283:
245:
200:
170:
125:
17:
4745:
4728:
4071:"Use It and Lose It: The Outsize Effect of U.S. Consumption on the Environment"
6457:
6432:
6370:
6157:
5978:
5875:
5708:
5559:
5432:
5412:
3000:
2992:
2966:
2954:
2821:
2726:
2712:
2625:
2370:
2295:
2015:
1852:
1827:
1807:
1672:
1506:
1419:
1121:
952:
661:
482:
413:
71:
4814:
4781:
4208:
4167:
4121:
3935:
3779:
3470:
1616:
China is the world's fastest-growing consumer market. According to biologist
6709:
6632:
6562:
6532:
6462:
6207:
6152:
6127:
6092:
5855:
5564:
5437:
5422:
5283:
4861:
4363:
3292:
3164:
3087: – Global upper-class that bases its power on a technological advantage
2974:
2677:
2672:
2615:
2515:
2330:
2094:
1897:
1677:
1591:
1584:
1557:
1160:
1007:
992:
982:
927:
751:
686:
530:
278:
85:
52:
5075:
3660:"The Plantation Hoe: The Rise and Fall of an Atlantic Commodity, 1650–1850"
1495:
By 1920 most Americans had experimented with occasional installment buying.
5065:
4935:
4916:
4306:
Eisingerich, Andreas B.; Bhardwaj, Gunjan; Miyamoto, Yoshio (April 2010).
4230:
Eisingerich, Andreas B.; Bhardwaj, Gunjan; Miyamoto, Yoshio (April 2010).
3454:
3190: – People who expend their entire salary before the end of each month
1422:, an American car manufacturer. After observing the assembly lines in the
1019:
6729:
5771:
5176:
3520:(Paperback ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 265.
3248:
2778:
2749:, and are part of a general process of social control in modern society.
2600:
2395:
1518:
819:
726:
180:
90:
4406:
http://hundredgoals.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/journal-of-retailing.pdf
4253:
Abun, Damianus; Magallenes, Theogenia; Tabur, Mirriam (September 2018).
4143:
3543:"Shrunken Sovereign: Consumerism, Globalization, and American Emptiness"
6513:
6375:
5880:
5786:
5741:
4844:
An all-consuming century : why commercialism won in modern America
4682:"Globalizing Consumption and the Deferral of a Politics of Consequence"
4331:
An all-consuming century : why commercialism won in modern America
4159:
3636:
3257: – Economic and social systems that enable shared access to assets
2178:
2027:
1370:
1277:
120:
48:
3684:
Consuming Splendor: Society and Culture in Seventeenth-Century England
6167:
2696:
2460:
2380:
1937:
1517:, argues that sitcoms of this era also helped to promote the idea of
1445:
1187:, the word "consumerism" was prominently featured in a negative way.
4968:
How Much is Enough: The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth
2876:
According to figures presented by Rees at the annual meeting of the
1229:
Consumerism is the selfish and frivolous collecting of products, or
5104:
4681:
3873:
Financing the American Dream: A Cultural History of Consumer Credit
3003:
on the extreme end. Building on these movements, the discipline of
1533:
1365:'s pottery, a status symbol of consumerism in the late 18th century
6678:
4091:"China to surpass US as world's biggest consumer market this year"
3610:
3133:
2840:
represents the main goal of capitalistic consumerism. In his book
2687:
2676:
2540:
2100:
1532:
1436:
1357:
1299:
205:
42:
5010:
Ryan, Michael T. (2007). "consumption"". In George Ritzer (ed.).
4799:(First Simon & Schuster trade paperback ed.). New York.
4543:"Laudato Si' – Chapter One: What is happening to our common home"
4004:
Gary Armstrong; Stewart Adam; Sara Denize; Philip Kotler (2014).
5342:
1599:
by appropriating statement items from subcultures they admired.
6651:
6647:
5951:
5346:
5120:
5098:
4953:(NY: Broadway Books, 1997); Joe Dominquez, Vicki Robin et al.,
2853:
magazine published in August 2009, reporter Andy Coghlan cited
5116:
4915:
Schmitt, Bernd; Brakus, J Joško; Biraglia, Alessandro (2021).
4035:
3116: – Excessive desire to acquire and consume material goods
1541:
5947:
5059:
5032:"Consumers may not realize the full impact of their choices"
3517:
Buying power : a history of consumer activism in America
1548:
Madeline Levine criticized what she saw as a large change in
1210:
policies and laws compel manufacturers to make products safe.
3615:
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies
3136: – Insatiable longing for material or immaterial gain
1572:
of purchasing an expensive item to improve social status.
1181:
and wastefulness. In the advertisements for his 1960 book
4797:
This changes everything : capitalism vs. the climate
2810:
and use resources at a higher rate than other societies.
4308:"Behold the Extreme Consumers and Learn to Embrace Them"
4232:"Behold the Extreme Consumers and Learn to Embrace Them"
3069: – Lifestyle hyper-focused on buying material goods
2953:
can easily become entrenched in the financial system of
1609:
has long been associated with consumerism. According to
4656:"Sensible consumerism for environmental sustainability"
4465:
4463:
3271:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
3238:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
3206:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
3183:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
3089:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
3039:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
5060:
Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy
3751:
Czarnecka, Barbara; Schivinski, Bruno (17 June 2019).
3130: – American evolutionary psychologist (born 1965)
3081: – Social movement to promote consumer protection
1284:
increased by a factor of 20 during the 18th century.
4882:
4880:
1513:, to increase their social status. Woojin Kim of the
1248:
and in protest against this some people promote the "
4983:(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2008); Michael Shuman,
4442:. Simon and Schuster (published 2006). p. 169.
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3287: – 2009 American film directed by Derrick Borte
3154: – Consumption of goods beyond ones necessities
3030:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
6526:
6480:
6416:
6327:
6176:
5995:
5904:
5848:
5810:
5732:
5681:
5646:
5590:
5547:
5540:
5504:
5456:
5380:
5297:
5271:
5225:
5164:
4666:(1): Pages 3-6 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
3588:. London: Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books.
3263: – Obsession with shopping and buying behavior
3109: – 1978 zombie horror film by George A. Romero
3096: – Society controlled by business corporations
3075: – Psychological concept of consumer behaviour
3251: – Person who consumes and produces a product
5263:United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection
4987:(San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2007)
3295: – 1988 American science-fiction action film
2873:redress all the world's existing inequalities."
1568:tradition of affluence". A consumer can have the
4047:
4045:
3551:. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012
3371:Swagler, Roger (1997). "Modern Consumerism". In
3204: – Resource use exceeding carrying capacity
3175: – Idiom on comparing oneself to neighbors"
6133:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
2930:
2758:
1493:
1472:
1130:
6663:
5963:
5358:
5132:
5062:, a post-consumerist macro-economic framework
4415:
4413:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3320:
3318:
2684:demonstration in San Francisco, November 2000
2648:
1044:
8:
5043:"Obedience, Consumerism, and Climate Change"
3381:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio. pp.
3269: – Constant capital and population size
3102: – Version of the labor theory of value
5107:, an actively anti-consumerism organization
3960:". Independent School. 67.1 (2007): 28–36.
1163:'s critique of the capitalist economy as a
1074:. It emerged in Western Europe before the
47:An electronics store in a shopping mall in
6670:
6656:
6648:
5970:
5956:
5948:
5544:
5365:
5351:
5343:
5139:
5125:
5117:
4827:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4570:
4568:
3245: – Primacy of productivity and growth
3057: – Guidelines for consumer protection
2655:
2641:
1977:The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures
1644:
1552:– "a shift away from values of community,
1051:
1037:
58:
5014:. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 701–705.
4934:
4744:
4259:International Journal of Current Research
4198:
4183:"Socially mediated political consumerism"
3687:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3142: – Neologism used in social sciences
4187:Information, Communication & Society
3148: – American philosopher (1882–1974)
2826:Laudato Si': On Care For Our Common Home
2062:Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers
5012:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
4846:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4483:Production—An International Perspective
4181:Boulianne, Shelley (31 December 2021).
3501:Carl Menger and His Legacy in Economics
3340:The Theory of the Leisure Class Summary
3314:
3301:The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less
3279: – 2002 British documentary series
3181: – Group of macroeconomic theories
3021: – 1991 novel by Bret Easton Ellis
1656:
1632:Socially mediated political consumerism
70:
4820:
4436:(1992). "15: A Vacation in Bulgaria".
4336:
3716:"Coming to live in a consumer society"
3562:
5113:, by Elżbieta Osewska and Józef Stala
5101:, moving beyond addictive consumerism
5078:, a wiki related to consumer activism
5049:A Global Consumer Solidarity Movement
3912:"Television and American consumerism"
3630:
3628:
3378:Encyclopedia of the Consumer Movement
3123: – 1996 novel by Chuck Palahniuk
2047:Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic
1590:For example, Doc Martens, originally
7:
4766:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
4577:"Consumerism is 'eating the future'"
3958:Challenging the Culture of Affluence
3812:
3800:
3197: – 1964 book by Herbert Marcuse
5156:the philosophy of and activism for
4479:Global Climate Change and Energy CO
4439:The End of History and the Last Man
3541:Barber, Benjamin R. (Spring 2008).
3426:Sugrue, Thomas J. (27 April 2014).
3303: – 2004 book by Barry Schwartz
3051: – Concept in Marxist analysis
2842:The Bridge at the Edge of the World
1500:Television and American consumerism
4795:Klein, Naomi (16 September 2014).
4733:Cleaner Engineering and Technology
4032:"The Rise of American Consumerism"
4010:. Pearson Australia. p. 463.
3832:. 11 November 2009. Archived from
3453:Eriksson, Kai (20 November 2012).
3413:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1994.tb00856.x
2820:also critiques consumerism in his
1515:University of California, Berkeley
25:
4390:. Newindpress.com. Archived from
4108:McKie, Robin (25 February 2017).
3459:European Journal of Social Theory
3026:Anthropological theories of value
2883:Not all anti-consumerists oppose
2870:University of Colorado at Boulder
2034:Profit over People: Neoliberalism
2004:Future Primitive and Other Essays
1206:through fair economic practices.
5861:Concentration of media ownership
4601:Miles, Steven (31 August 1998).
4144:"Consumerism in the Digital Age"
4142:Kucuk, S. Umit (14 March 2016).
2916:Consumerism as cultural ideology
2506:
2505:
1418:and consumption, exemplified by
1141:Bugas's definition aligned with
1018:
1006:
5086:, by Imre Szeman and Paul James
4979:See for example: Paul Roberts,
4966:See for example: Alan Durning,
4949:See for example: Janet Luhrs's
4575:Coghlan, Andy (7 August 2009).
3857:The Theory of the Leisure Class
3826:"Essay – Dawn of the Dead Mall"
3647:(2): 216–226 – via JSTOR.
3167: – 2006 film by Mike Judge
2790:, historian and media theorist
1943:The Theory of the Leisure Class
1462:The older term and concept of "
1153:, as laid out in his 1871 book
5056:, an anti-consumerism magazine
4970:(New York: W. W. Norton, 1992)
4505:. UN Chronicle. Archived from
3670:(1): 71–100 – via JSTOR.
3664:The William and Mary Quarterly
3514:Glickman, Lawrence B. (2012).
3432:. Princeton University Press.
2859:University of British Columbia
1913:Sustainable consumer behaviour
1:
6499:Critique of political economy
5039:by Paul James and Andy Scerri
5005:Consumerism: As a Way of Life
4995:Consumerism—An Interpretation
4957:(NY: Penguin Group USA, 2008)
4760:Speth, James Gustave (2008).
4654:Koh, Lian; Lee, Tien (2012).
4604:Consumerism: As a Way of Life
4541:Pope Francis (18 June 2015).
4503:"The Pandemic of Consumerism"
4360:The high price of materialism
4343:: CS1 maint: date and year (
4200:10.1080/1369118X.2021.2020872
3928:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2022.104609
3772:10.1080/08911762.2019.1600094
2878:Ecological Society of America
2731:The High Price of Materialism
1962:The Society of the Spectacle
810:Critique of political economy
468:Critique of political economy
6083:History of capitalist theory
5076:Consumerium Development Wiki
4922:Journal of Consumer Research
4706:10.1080/14747731.2012.658249
4421:Consumerism in World History
4333:. Columbia University Press.
3910:Kim, Woojin (1 April 2022).
3870:Calder, Lendol Glen (1990).
3641:Journal of Consumer Research
3635:Witkowski, Terrence (1989).
3621:(1): 1–23 – via JSTOR.
3326:Consumerism in World History
3236: – Concept in sociology
2147:Institute for Social Ecology
860:Periodizations of capitalism
4271:10.24941/ijcr.32131.08.2018
4148:Journal of Consumer Affairs
3916:Journal of Public Economics
3760:Journal of Global Marketing
3499:Caldwell, Bruce J. (1990).
3401:Journal of Consumer Affairs
3173:Keeping up with the Joneses
2889:environmentally sustainable
2326:Anti-globalization movement
1373:entrepreneur and inventor,
1250:anti-globalization movement
1070:or traditional displays of
556:Simple commodity production
6809:
4746:10.1016/j.clet.2021.100047
3878:Princeton University Press
3855:Veblen, Thorstein (2010).
2964:
2666:
2576:Natural resource economics
1818:Feminist political ecology
1748:Compulsive buying disorder
1560:, and toward competition,
1388:
1124:, a vice president of the
865:Perspectives on capitalism
29:
6685:
6443:Labour market flexibility
6118:Multinational corporation
5985:
5258:Collaborative consumption
5207:Consumer welfare standard
5154:
5070:Circles of Sustainability
5066:Circles of Sustainability
5037:"Globalizing consumption"
4985:The Small-mart Revolution
4629:"Consumerism – Big Ideas"
4273:– via ResearchGate.
3964:27 September 2011 at the
3830:The Design Observer Group
3584:Trentmann, Frank (2016).
3569:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2847:In an opinion segment of
2216:Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
1723:Collaborative consumption
5937:Society of the Spectacle
5083:Global-local consumption
4527:"Loss of Biodiversity".
4488:28 February 2009 at the
4293:Electronic Green Journal
3681:Linda Levy Peck (2005).
3503:. Duke University Press.
3471:10.1177/1368431012459693
2526:Gross National Happiness
2284:Related social movements
2159:Rage Against the Machine
2086:Organizations and groups
1773:Criticism of advertising
1428:Frederick Winslow Taylor
1289:non-importation movement
136:Economic interventionism
30:Not to be confused with
6588:Individualist anarchism
5818:Influence of mass media
5623:Narcotizing dysfunction
5238:Consumer Bill of Rights
4955:Your Money or Your Life
4951:The Simple Living Guide
4842:Cross, Gary S. (2000).
4680:; Scerri, Andy (2012).
4660:Biological Conservation
4312:Harvard Business Review
4284:Muldoon, Annie (2006).
4236:Harvard Business Review
4007:Principles of Marketing
3277:The Century of the Self
3100:Cost the limit of price
3055:Consumer Bill of Rights
2777:blames consumerism for
2546:Influence of mass media
2476:Consumption (sociology)
2471:Consumption (economics)
2321:Anti-corporate activism
1918:Sustainable consumption
1753:Conspicuous consumption
1464:conspicuous consumption
1315:conspicuous consumption
1156:Principles of Economics
805:Criticism of capitalism
36:Consumption (economics)
6553:Collectivist anarchism
6468:Social venture capital
6438:Freedom of association
5479:Freedom of information
5322:Ellen Swallow Richards
5317:Consumers' Association
5305:Consumer organizations
5092:National Public Radio,
5028:, by Ginny Wilmerding.
4917:"Consumption Ideology"
4501:Majfud, Jorge (2009).
4295:: 19 – via UCLA.
3217:Philosophy of futility
3158:Hypermobility (travel)
3073:Consumer ethnocentrism
2989:eco-conscious shopping
2935:
2763:
2700:
2685:
2123:Earth Liberation Front
2067:So, What's Your Price?
2042:The Cultural Creatives
1545:
1497:
1477:
1448:
1430:brought his theory of
1366:
1317:
1296:Culture of consumption
1165:system of exploitation
1139:
835:Exploitation of labour
546:Primitive accumulation
56:
6737:Instant gratification
6618:Post-scarcity economy
6593:Libertarian socialism
6578:Free-market socialism
6509:Market fundamentalism
6494:Capitalist propaganda
6088:Industrial Revolution
6003:Anarchy of production
5866:Exploitation of women
3658:Evans, Chris (2012).
3211:Participatory culture
3035:Bourgeois personality
2836:. He argues that the
2761:ever-increasing rate.
2743:social stratification
2691:
2680:
2556:Intentional community
2386:Libertarian socialism
2361:Fossil fuel phase-out
2111:Deep Green Resistance
2072:What Would Jesus Buy?
2023:Escape from Affluenza
1570:instant gratification
1536:
1440:
1432:scientific management
1424:meat-packing industry
1397:Industrial Revolution
1361:
1303:
1113:Evolution of the term
1076:Industrial Revolution
1013:Capitalism portal
825:Culture of capitalism
780:Capitalist propaganda
536:Industrial Revolution
526:Commercial Revolution
46:
6747:Planned obsolescence
6725:Online food ordering
6073:Financial Revolution
6038:Economic development
5000:Consumerism, 4th Ed.
4358:Kasser, Tim (2002).
4329:Cross, Gary (2000).
4079:. 14 September 2012.
3609:Peck, Linda (2002).
3397:, which is based on
3267:Steady state economy
3228:Planned obsolescence
3222:Planetary boundaries
3114:Economic materialism
3037: – Social class
3005:ecological economics
2802:Environmental impact
2739:socioeconomic status
2581:Non-monetary economy
2501:Economic materialism
2496:Ecological economics
1953:The Affluent Society
1903:Steady-state economy
1873:Planned obsolescence
1803:Ecological economics
1564:and disconnection."
1544:restaurants in China
1487:, and its corollary
1453:Earnest Elmo Calkins
1231:economic materialism
1151:consumer sovereignty
988:Right-libertarianism
918:Classical liberalism
885:Venture philanthropy
521:Capitalism and Islam
516:Age of Enlightenment
111:Capital accumulation
6788:Economic ideologies
6548:Anarcho-syndicalism
6543:Anarcho-primitivism
6428:Economic inequality
6043:Economic liberalism
5912:Advanced capitalism
5598:Cult of personality
5512:Advanced capitalism
5212:Ethical consumerism
5202:Consumer revolution
5197:Consumer protection
5187:Consumer capitalism
5158:consumer protection
4936:10.1093/jcr/ucab044
4698:2012Glob....9..225J
4095:Nikkei Asian Review
4076:Scientific American
3956:Levine, Madeline. "
3836:on 14 November 2009
3195:One-Dimensional Man
3061:Consumer capitalism
3049:Commodity fetishism
2971:Ethical consumerism
2834:James Gustave Speth
2752:In 1955, economist
2693:Shop Until You Drop
2606:Subsistence economy
2531:Heterodox economics
2451:Advanced capitalism
2306:Anarcho-primitivism
2291:Alter-globalization
2271:Henry David Thoreau
1958:One-Dimensional Man
1823:Food loss and waste
1813:Ethical consumerism
1798:Earth Overshoot Day
1758:Consumer capitalism
1738:Commodity fetishism
1693:Autonomous building
1683:Alternative culture
1529:In the 21st century
1457:Christine Frederick
1208:Consumer protection
1025:Business portal
141:Economic liberalism
131:Competitive markets
6793:Economic sociology
6783:Consumer behaviour
6757:Throw-away society
6568:Economic democracy
6389:Private foundation
5833:Semiotic democracy
5757:Civil disobedience
5669:Media manipulation
5659:Crowd manipulation
5582:Tabloid journalism
5496:Media transparency
5474:Media independence
5388:24-hour news cycle
5248:Consumer education
5243:Consumer complaint
5068:, website for the
5026:"Consumer Culture"
4265:(8): 73112–73116.
4160:10.1111/joca.12101
4097:. 24 January 2019.
3261:Shopping addiction
2832:Another critic is
2701:
2686:
2561:Left-wing politics
2466:Consumer behaviour
2401:Occupy Wall Street
1994:Small Is Beautiful
1713:Buddhist economics
1666:Theories and ideas
1581:cultural pollution
1546:
1449:
1367:
1353:Bernard Mandeville
1351:in 1714, in which
1318:
1313:, which justified
1305:Bernard Mandeville
1143:Austrian economics
1126:Ford Motor Company
1120:In a 1955 speech,
785:Capitalist realism
176:Goods and services
156:Fictitious capital
57:
6765:
6764:
6752:Same-day delivery
6700:Convenience store
6645:
6644:
6538:Anarcho-communism
6409:Spontaneous order
6404:Social alienation
6361:Economic mobility
6048:Economic planning
5945:
5944:
5871:Freedom of speech
5689:Theodor W. Adorno
5677:
5676:
5664:Managing the news
5484:Freedom of speech
5464:Media development
5428:News broadcasting
5408:Independent media
5393:Alternative media
5340:
5339:
5253:Consumer movement
5233:Consumer activism
5217:Informed consumer
5105:Renegade Consumer
4434:Fukuyama, Francis
4394:on 14 April 2008.
4017:978-1-4860-0253-5
3876:. Princeton, NJ:
3728:on 10 August 2013
3595:978-0-241-19840-7
3140:Homo consumericus
3079:Consumer movement
2979:Green consumption
2939:product placement
2902:green consumerism
2838:growth imperative
2747:cultural hegemony
2717:designer clothing
2665:
2664:
2511:Economic problems
2336:Diggers (theater)
2301:Anarcho-communism
2169:The Venus Project
1999:To Have or to Be?
1883:Political ecology
1838:Green consumption
1698:Billboard hacking
1348:Fable of the Bees
1310:Fable of the Bees
1287:Furthermore, the
1215:consumer movement
1149:'s conception of
1095:growth imperative
1061:
1060:
880:Spontaneous order
850:History of theory
493:New institutional
463:Market monetarism
398:Economic theories
231:Supply and demand
166:Free price system
16:(Redirected from
6800:
6695:Convenience food
6672:
6665:
6658:
6649:
6628:Social anarchism
6603:Market socialism
6598:Market anarchism
6504:Critique of work
6394:Private property
6356:Economic freedom
6351:Decentralization
6329:Cultural aspects
6290:Regulated market
6068:Financial crisis
6053:Entrepreneurship
5972:
5965:
5958:
5949:
5917:Culture industry
5886:Social influence
5839:The Lonely Crowd
5782:Political satire
5747:Call-out culture
5724:Jacques Rancière
5719:Marshall McLuhan
5694:Jean Baudrillard
5638:Viral phenomenon
5572:Public relations
5545:
5418:Mainstream media
5403:Electronic media
5367:
5360:
5353:
5344:
5192:Consumer privacy
5182:Anti-consumerism
5141:
5134:
5127:
5118:
5045:, by Yosef Brody
5015:
4988:
4977:
4971:
4964:
4958:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4875:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4818:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4635:on 20 April 2010
4631:. Archived from
4625:
4619:
4618:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4553:on 18 March 2019
4549:. Archived from
4538:
4532:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4498:
4492:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4458:
4457:
4430:
4424:
4419:Stearns, Peter.
4417:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4388:"Fool Britannia"
4384:
4378:
4377:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4334:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4290:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4202:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3968:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3907:
3896:
3895:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3757:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3721:. Archived from
3720:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3396:
3373:Brobeck, Stephen
3368:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3329:
3324:Stearns, Peter.
3322:
3272:
3239:
3234:Post-materialism
3207:
3184:
3152:Hyperconsumerism
3107:Dawn of the Dead
3090:
3067:Consumer culture
3040:
3031:
2893:Jonathan Porritt
2775:Francis Fukuyama
2709:status-symbolism
2669:Anti-consumerism
2657:
2650:
2643:
2591:Post-materialism
2509:
2508:
2426:Social anarchism
2351:Environmentalism
2266:Bernard Stiegler
2261:E. F. Schumacher
2221:Edward Goldsmith
2036:and Global Order
2019:
1985:
1973:
1888:Post-consumerism
1843:Hyperconsumerism
1658:Anti-consumerism
1645:
1550:American culture
1468:Thorstein Veblen
1402:department store
1343:Lionel Cranfield
1235:anti-consumerism
1184:The Waste Makers
1103:overexploitation
1053:
1046:
1039:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1010:
815:Critique of work
790:Capitalist state
473:Critique of work
356:Regulated market
258:Economic systems
211:Private property
161:Financial market
151:Entrepreneurship
146:Economic surplus
59:
21:
18:Consumer society
6808:
6807:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6761:
6742:Overconsumption
6681:
6676:
6646:
6641:
6623:Sharing economy
6613:Post-capitalism
6583:Green anarchism
6522:
6489:Anti-capitalism
6476:
6412:
6323:
6315:State-sponsored
6172:
6148:Property rights
6123:Nationalization
6033:Economic bubble
5991:
5981:
5976:
5946:
5941:
5927:Media franchise
5900:
5844:
5806:
5762:Culture jamming
5728:
5714:Walter Lippmann
5673:
5642:
5586:
5536:
5500:
5491:Media pluralism
5452:
5376:
5371:
5341:
5336:
5332:Esther Peterson
5293:
5272:Fields of study
5267:
5221:
5160:
5150:
5145:
5094:August 12, 2021
5022:
5009:
4991:
4981:The End of Food
4978:
4974:
4965:
4961:
4948:
4944:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4854:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4819:
4807:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4774:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4526:
4522:
4512:
4510:
4509:on 19 July 2013
4500:
4499:
4495:
4490:Wayback Machine
4482:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4461:
4450:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4418:
4411:
4404:Lebow, Victor.
4403:
4399:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4335:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3966:Wayback Machine
3955:
3951:
3909:
3908:
3899:
3892:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3811:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3561:
3554:
3552:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3398:
3393:
3370:
3369:
3348:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3323:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3270:
3255:Sharing economy
3237:
3205:
3202:Overconsumption
3182:
3128:Geoffrey Miller
3088:
3038:
3029:
3019:American Psycho
3013:
2981:
2963:
2957:globalization.
2918:
2804:
2771:Georges Duhamel
2767:Oswald Spengler
2711:appeal, e.g. a
2682:Buy Nothing Day
2675:
2667:Main articles:
2661:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2566:McDonaldization
2551:Informal sector
2445:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2366:Green anarchism
2316:Anti-capitalism
2285:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2246:Donella Meadows
2195:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2057:The Corporation
2038:
2035:
2009:
1989:Steal This Book
1979:
1963:
1948:Brave New World
1932:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1878:Right to repair
1868:Overconsumption
1858:Microgeneration
1778:Culture jamming
1733:Commodification
1718:Buy Nothing Day
1703:Buyer's remorse
1688:Anti-capitalism
1667:
1643:
1634:
1618:Paul R. Ehrlich
1531:
1502:
1485:culture jamming
1416:mass production
1393:
1391:Mass production
1387:
1385:Mass production
1375:Josiah Wedgwood
1363:Josiah Wedgwood
1339:Nicholas Barbon
1298:
1273:luxury products
1264:
1259:
1197:product testing
1115:
1099:overconsumption
1057:
1017:
1005:
998:
997:
903:
895:
894:
870:Post-capitalism
775:Anti-capitalism
770:
762:
761:
657:
649:
648:
569:
561:
560:
511:
503:
502:
399:
391:
390:
381:State-sponsored
259:
251:
250:
116:Capital markets
81:
39:
32:Consumerization
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6806:
6804:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6770:
6769:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6652:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6418:
6417:Social aspects
6414:
6413:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6341:American Dream
6338:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6103:Market failure
6100:
6098:Market economy
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6058:Ecopreneurship
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6013:Centralization
6010:
6008:Business cycle
6005:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5952:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5752:Cancel culture
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5734:Counterculture
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5699:Edward Bernays
5696:
5691:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5654:Catch and kill
5650:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5633:Sensationalism
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5522:Bipartisanship
5519:
5517:American Dream
5514:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5347:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5289:Home economics
5286:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5087:
5079:
5073:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5034:
5029:
5021:
5020:External links
5018:
5017:
5016:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4990:
4989:
4972:
4959:
4942:
4907:
4898:
4888:
4876:
4867:
4852:
4834:
4805:
4787:
4772:
4752:
4719:
4692:(2): 225–240.
4686:Globalizations
4669:
4646:
4620:
4613:
4593:
4564:
4533:
4520:
4493:
4480:
4471:
4459:
4448:
4425:
4409:
4397:
4379:
4372:
4350:
4321:
4298:
4276:
4245:
4222:
4193:(5): 609–617.
4173:
4154:(3): 515–538.
4134:
4100:
4082:
4062:
4059:. 4 June 2017.
4041:
4023:
4016:
3996:
3987:
3978:
3969:
3949:
3897:
3890:
3862:
3847:
3817:
3815:, p. 702.
3805:
3803:, p. 701.
3793:
3766:(4): 219–238.
3743:
3707:
3693:
3673:
3650:
3624:
3601:
3594:
3576:
3533:
3527:978-0226298672
3526:
3506:
3491:
3465:(2): 153–173.
3445:
3438:
3418:
3407:(2): 347–360.
3391:
3346:
3330:
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3311:
3308:
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3208:
3199:
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3188:Moonlight clan
3185:
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3169:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3094:Corporatocracy
3091:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3009:
2962:
2959:
2917:
2914:
2863:epidemiologist
2808:global warming
2803:
2800:
2729:, in his book
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2611:Sustainability
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
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2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2491:Disneyfication
2488:
2486:Counterculture
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:Social ecology
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:Green politics
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:Food Not Bombs
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
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2308:
2303:
2298:
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2279:
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2274:
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2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:Serge Latouche
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Mauro Bonaiuti
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Reverend Billy
2161:
2156:
2153:Monthly Review
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2117:Democracy Now!
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1974:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1863:Non-possession
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1783:Do it yourself
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
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1668:
1665:
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1661:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1607:American Dream
1530:
1527:
1501:
1498:
1407:industrial era
1389:Main article:
1386:
1383:
1297:
1294:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:social justice
1200:
1114:
1111:
1107:climate change
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
978:Ordoliberalism
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
855:Market economy
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:Related topics
768:
767:
764:
763:
760:
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749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
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704:
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694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
641:
639:State monopoly
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
553:
548:
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538:
533:
528:
523:
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389:
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383:
378:
373:
368:
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358:
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348:
343:
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333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
196:Liberalization
193:
188:
186:Invisible hand
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
101:Businessperson
98:
96:Business cycle
93:
88:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
68:
67:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6805:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6720:Food delivery
6718:
6716:
6715:Drive-through
6713:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6673:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6639:
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6631:
6629:
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6624:
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6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6573:Eco-socialism
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
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6531:
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6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6448:Labour supply
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6366:Individualism
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6224:Laissez-faire
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6188:Authoritarian
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6138:Privatization
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Merchantilism
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6078:Globalization
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5980:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5961:
5959:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:Mediatization
5826:
5824:
5823:Media studies
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5803:
5802:Strike action
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5767:Demonstration
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5532:Pensée unique
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5398:Digital media
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5374:Media culture
5368:
5363:
5361:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Consumer math
5277:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5099:Postconsumers
5097:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5027:
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5023:
5019:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4963:
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4956:
4952:
4946:
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4911:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4892:
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4868:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4806:9781451697384
4802:
4798:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4773:9780300136111
4769:
4765:
4764:
4756:
4753:
4747:
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4738:
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4707:
4703:
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4624:
4621:
4616:
4614:9780761952152
4610:
4606:
4605:
4597:
4594:
4582:
4581:New Scientist
4578:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4552:
4548:
4547:Redemptorists
4544:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
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4451:
4449:9780743284554
4445:
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4375:
4373:9780262276764
4369:
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4362:. Cambridge:
4361:
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4000:
3997:
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3988:
3982:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3891:0-691-05827-X
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3848:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3696:
3694:9780521842327
3690:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3550:
3549:
3548:World Affairs
3544:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3492:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3439:9780691162553
3435:
3431:
3430:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3146:Horace Kallen
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Commercialism
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2985:simple living
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2850:New Scientist
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2781:compromises.
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Green economy
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:Slow movement
2419:
2417:
2416:Situationists
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Postmodernism
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Eco-socialism
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:Green Anarchy
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:Notable works
1928:
1927:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:Simple living
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:durable goods
1508:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:globalization
1243:
1240:
1239:simple living
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1175:Vance Packard
1173:
1172:social critic
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:simple living
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Neoliberalism
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:Authoritarian
911:
909:
906:
905:
899:
898:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
840:Globalization
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:Crisis theory
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
766:
765:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
656:Intellectuals
653:
652:
645:
644:Technological
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
439:
437:
436:Institutional
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
420:
417:
416:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
296:
295:Laissez-faire
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
269:Authoritarian
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
236:Surplus value
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
216:Privatization
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
77:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6705:Fast fashion
6689:
6679:Fast culture
6519:Wage slavery
6473:Unemployment
6453:Productivity
6384:Philanthropy
6345:
6245:Mercantilist
6222:
6193:Conservative
6028:Deregulation
5989:perspectives
5987:Aspects and
5932:Post-Fordism
5922:Mass society
5891:Transparency
5837:
5704:Noam Chomsky
5682:Philosophers
5628:Recuperation
5613:Media circus
5603:Dumbing down
5526:
5469:Media policy
5443:Social media
5171:
5147:
5091:
5082:
5011:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4967:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4929:(1): 74–95.
4926:
4920:
4910:
4901:
4891:
4870:
4843:
4837:
4796:
4790:
4762:
4755:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4689:
4685:
4672:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4633:the original
4623:
4603:
4596:
4584:. Retrieved
4580:
4555:. Retrieved
4551:the original
4546:
4536:
4523:
4511:. Retrieved
4507:the original
4496:
4474:
4453:
4438:
4428:
4420:
4400:
4392:the original
4382:
4359:
4353:
4330:
4324:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4292:
4279:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4125:. Retrieved
4114:The Observer
4113:
4103:
4094:
4085:
4074:
4065:
4056:
4026:
4006:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3952:
3919:
3915:
3872:
3865:
3856:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:the original
3829:
3820:
3808:
3796:
3763:
3759:
3746:
3737:
3730:. Retrieved
3723:the original
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3683:
3676:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3644:
3640:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3585:
3579:
3553:. Retrieved
3546:
3536:
3516:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3462:
3458:
3448:
3428:
3421:
3404:
3400:
3377:
3339:
3333:
3325:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3243:Productivism
3193:
3179:Keynesianism
3163:
3119:
3105:
3085:Consumtariat
3017:
2997:buying local
2982:
2961:Alternatives
2951:credit cards
2948:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2898:
2882:
2875:
2855:William Rees
2848:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2824:
2818:Pope Francis
2816:
2812:Jorge Majfud
2805:
2796:
2786:
2783:
2764:
2759:
2754:Victor Lebow
2751:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2704:
2702:
2692:
2596:Productivism
2586:Permaculture
2311:Anarcho-punk
2251:Pierre Rabhi
2226:Paul Goodman
2206:Noam Chomsky
2151:
2139:
2129:Fifth Estate
2128:
2115:
2093:
1908:Subvertising
1848:Laconophilia
1833:Gift economy
1793:Durable good
1788:Downshifting
1768:Conviviality
1762:
1728:Collapsology
1708:Bioeconomics
1635:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1604:
1601:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1554:spirituality
1547:
1523:
1503:
1494:
1489:productivism
1481:media theory
1478:
1473:
1461:
1450:
1442:Black Friday
1412:
1394:
1368:
1346:
1327:Robert Cecil
1319:
1308:
1286:
1269:
1265:
1222:
1220:
1189:
1182:
1169:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1119:
1116:
1084:
1063:
1062:
890:Wage slavery
830:Evergreening
794:
541:Mercantilism
488:Neoclassical
316:Mercantilist
293:
226:Rent seeking
191:Visible hand
40:
6778:Consumerism
6690:Consumerism
6638:Syndicalism
6558:Communalism
6423:Corporatism
6399:Rule of law
6346:Consumerism
6336:Advertising
6235:Libertarian
6213:Free-market
6183:Anglo-Saxon
6163:Wage labour
6113:Meritocracy
6063:Externality
6018:Competition
5811:In academia
5797:Review bomb
5618:Media event
5555:Advertising
5527:Consumerism
5448:State media
5327:Ralph Nader
5298:Key players
5172:Consumerism
5148:Consumerism
4678:James, Paul
4586:12 December
4557:13 November
4529:Laudato si'
4423:. Routledge
3840:14 February
3328:. Routledge
3285:The Joneses
2926:Naomi Klein
2910:Tim Jackson
2906:Herman Daly
2885:consumption
2866:Warren Hern
2792:Stuart Ewen
2705:consumerism
2699:, in London
2621:Veblen good
2481:Cooperative
2456:Advertising
2391:Neo-Luddism
2341:Ecofeminism
2256:John Ruskin
2236:Ivan Illich
2211:Erich Fromm
2174:The Yes Men
2106:CrimethInc.
2008:Fight Club
1980: [
1763:Consumerism
1611:Sierra Club
1562:materialism
1507:automobiles
1335:Restoration
1223:consumerism
1179:materialism
1147:Carl Menger
1137:capitalism.
1134:consumerism
1091:slow living
1080:free choice
1064:Consumerism
973:Objectivism
958:Libertarian
875:Speculation
795:Consumerism
629:Progressive
568:Development
551:Physiocracy
498:Supply-side
306:Libertarian
284:Free-market
264:Anglo-Saxon
246:Wage labour
201:Marginalism
171:Free market
126:Corporation
6772:Categories
6527:Antithesis
6458:Prosperity
6433:Employment
6380:Mainstream
6371:Liberalism
6295:Regulatory
6270:Neoliberal
6218:Humanistic
6203:Democratic
6158:Regulation
6023:Depression
5979:Capitalism
5876:Media bias
5777:Occupation
5709:Guy Debord
5591:Techniques
5560:Propaganda
5457:Principles
5433:News media
5413:Mass media
4853:0231502532
4739:: 100047.
3922:: 104609.
3880:. p.
3732:29 October
3484:1 November
3392:0874369878
3310:References
3121:Fight Club
3001:Freeganism
2967:Ecoleasing
2965:See also:
2955:capitalist
2822:encyclical
2727:Tim Kasser
2713:luxury car
2626:Workaholic
2616:Sweatshops
2571:Mutual aid
2371:Green left
2296:Amateurism
2231:André Gorz
1853:Local food
1828:Freeganism
1808:Ecovillage
1673:Asceticism
1538:McDonald's
1509:and other
1444:shoppers,
1420:Henry Ford
1379:human life
1122:John Bugas
953:Liberalism
938:Humanistic
923:Democratic
902:Ideologies
737:Schumpeter
483:Monetarist
414:Chartalism
361:Regulatory
336:Neoliberal
289:Humanistic
72:Capitalism
6710:Fast food
6633:Socialism
6608:Mutualism
6563:Communism
6533:Anarchism
6482:Criticism
6463:Syndicate
6198:Corporate
6153:Recession
6128:Oligopoly
6093:Invention
5856:Anonymity
5565:Fake news
5541:Deception
5438:Old media
5423:New media
5284:Euthenics
5054:AdBusters
4823:cite book
4815:894746822
4782:177820867
4513:6 October
4364:MIT Press
4339:cite book
4217:245621126
4209:1369-118X
4168:0022-0078
4122:0029-7712
3944:246897308
3936:0047-2727
3813:Ryan 2007
3801:Ryan 2007
3788:182181403
3780:0891-1762
3479:144688904
3293:They Live
3165:Idiocracy
2993:localvore
2975:Frugality
2673:Affluenza
2516:Frugality
2331:Communism
2135:Freecycle
2095:Adbusters
1898:Slow Food
1678:Affluenza
1641:Criticism
1585:bricolage
1558:integrity
1161:Karl Marx
1132:The term
993:Third Way
983:Privatism
943:Inclusive
928:Dirigisme
722:von Mises
609:Illiberal
589:Corporate
584:Community
531:Feudalism
441:Keynesian
431:Classical
274:Corporate
86:Austerity
53:Indonesia
6730:Take-out
6260:National
6255:Monopoly
6208:Dirigist
6177:Ideology
5905:Synonyms
5896:Violence
5772:Graffiti
5505:Ideology
5226:Activism
5177:Consumer
5165:Concepts
5072:approach
4862:50817376
4714:67761604
4639:20 April
4607:. SAGE.
4486:Archived
4318:: 30–31.
4242:: 30–31.
4127:11 March
3962:Archived
3565:cite web
3555:23 April
3249:Prosumer
3011:See also
2991:", and "
2756:stated:
2601:Shopping
2444:See also
2396:New Left
1650:a series
1648:Part of
1597:identity
1592:marketed
1519:suburbia
1307:'s work
1199:reports.
1145:founder
1068:survival
820:Cronyism
732:Rothbard
707:Marshall
692:Friedman
624:Merchant
579:Consumer
574:Advanced
409:Austrian
404:American
331:National
326:Monopoly
279:Dirigist
181:Investor
91:Business
80:Concepts
64:a series
62:Part of
6514:Marxism
6376:Liberty
6320:Welfare
6280:Private
6230:Liberal
5996:General
5881:Privacy
5787:Protest
5742:Boycott
5608:Framing
4694:Bibcode
3700:14 June
3383:172–173
3375:(ed.).
2868:of the
2857:of the
2179:350.org
2052:Evasion
2028:No Logo
1743:Commune
1371:pottery
1329:in the
1282:Britain
1262:Origins
1257:History
948:Liberal
908:Anarcho
845:History
677:Malthus
672:Ricardo
634:Rentier
619:Marxist
599:Finance
510:Origins
478:Marxist
426:Chicago
386:Welfare
346:Private
301:Liberal
121:Company
106:Capital
49:Jakarta
6305:Social
6275:Nordic
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6143:Profit
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2193:People
1938:Walden
1556:, and
1446:DC USA
1331:Strand
1322:gentry
1072:status
747:Weaver
742:Veblen
717:Walras
712:Pareto
702:Keynes
604:Global
371:Social
341:Nordic
311:Market
221:Profit
55:(2002)
6310:State
6300:Rhine
6250:Mixed
5548:Forms
5381:Media
4896:18–47
4710:S2CID
4289:(PDF)
4213:S2CID
3940:S2CID
3784:S2CID
3756:(PDF)
3726:(PDF)
3719:(PDF)
3475:S2CID
3134:Greed
2779:moral
2541:Illth
2101:Crass
2012:novel
1984:]
1278:slave
757:Coase
752:Weber
697:Hayek
662:Smith
594:Crony
456:Post-
376:State
366:Rhine
321:Mixed
241:Value
206:Money
5792:Punk
5577:Spin
5310:list
4858:OCLC
4848:ISBN
4829:link
4811:OCLC
4801:ISBN
4778:OCLC
4768:ISBN
4641:2010
4609:ISBN
4588:2009
4559:2018
4515:2019
4444:ISBN
4368:ISBN
4345:link
4205:ISSN
4164:ISSN
4129:2023
4118:ISSN
4012:ISBN
3932:ISSN
3886:ISBN
3842:2010
3776:ISSN
3734:2013
3702:2020
3689:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3571:link
3557:2013
3522:ISBN
3486:2014
3434:ISBN
3387:ISBN
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2908:and
2861:and
2741:and
2671:and
2411:Punk
2016:film
1970:film
1966:book
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1540:and
1395:The
1369:The
1341:and
1237:and
1170:For
1097:and
727:Rand
687:Marx
667:Mill
614:Late
446:Neo-
6285:Raw
6265:Neo
4931:doi
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4702:doi
4664:151
4267:doi
4195:doi
4156:doi
4036:PBS
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